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Colverson A, Barsoum S, Cohen R, Williamson J. Rhythmic musical activities may strengthen connectivity between brain networks associated with aging-related deficits in timing and executive functions. Exp Gerontol 2024; 186:112354. [PMID: 38176601 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Brain aging and common conditions of aging (e.g., hypertension) affect networks important in organizing information, processing speed and action programming (i.e., executive functions). Declines in these networks may affect timing and could have an impact on the ability to perceive and perform musical rhythms. There is evidence that participation in rhythmic musical activities may help to maintain and even improve executive functioning (near transfer), perhaps due to similarities in brain regions underlying timing, musical rhythm perception and production, and executive functioning. Rhythmic musical activities may present as a novel and fun activity for older adults to stimulate interacting brain regions that deteriorate with aging. However, relatively little is known about neurobehavioral interactions between aging, timing, rhythm perception and production, and executive functioning. In this review, we account for these brain-behavior interactions to suggest that deeper knowledge of overlapping brain regions associated with timing, rhythm, and cognition may assist in designing more targeted preventive and rehabilitative interventions to reduce age-related cognitive decline and improve quality of life in populations with neurodegenerative disease. Further research is needed to elucidate the functional relationships between brain regions associated with aging, timing, rhythm perception and production, and executive functioning to direct design of targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Colverson
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, 1651 4th street, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
| | - Stephanie Barsoum
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100277, Gainesville, FL 32610-0277, United States of America
| | - Ronald Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100277, Gainesville, FL 32610-0277, United States of America
| | - John Williamson
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100277, Gainesville, FL 32610-0277, United States of America
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2
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Rowe K, Ruiz Pozuelo J, Nickless A, Nkosi AD, Dos Santos A, Kahn K, Tollman S, Wagner RG, Scerif G, Stein A. The adolescent HIV executive function and drumming (AHEAD) study, a feasibility trial of a group drumming intervention amongst adolescents with HIV. AIDS Care 2023; 35:1796-1814. [PMID: 37039077 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2195607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
AHEAD feasibility trial assessed the feasibility and acceptability of an 8-session group drumming programme aiming to improve executive function, depression and anxiety symptoms, and perceived social support in adolescents living with HIV in a rural low-income South African setting. Sixty-eight 12- to 19-year-old adolescents participated. They were individually randomised. The intervention arm (n = 34) received weekly hour-long group drumming sessions. Controls (n = 34) received no intervention. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed using rates of: enrolment; retention; attendance; logistical problems; adolescent-reported acceptability. Secondary measures included: five Oxford Cognitive Screen-Executive Function (OCS-EF) tasks; two Rapid Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Regulation (RACER) tasks; the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) measuring depression and anxiety symptoms; the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). All feasibility criteria were within green progression limits. Enrolment, retention, and acceptability were high. There was a positive effect on adolescent depressed mood with signal for a working memory effect. There were no significant effects on executive function or socio-emotional scales. Qualitative findings suggested socio-emotional benefits including: group belonging; decreased internalised stigma; improved mood; decreased anxiety. Group drumming is a feasible and acceptable intervention amongst adolescents living with HIV in rural South Africa. A full-scale trial is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Rowe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julia Ruiz Pozuelo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of African Economies, Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alecia Nickless
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Clinical Trials Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Exploristics, Belfast, UK
| | - Absolum David Nkosi
- Odeion School of Music, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Kathleen Kahn
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stephen Tollman
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ryan G Wagner
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gaia Scerif
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alan Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
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3
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Desbernats A, Martin E, Tallet J. Which factors modulate spontaneous motor tempo? A systematic review of the literature. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1161052. [PMID: 37920737 PMCID: PMC10619865 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1161052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intentionally or not, humans produce rhythmic behaviors (e.g., walking, speaking, and clapping). In 1974, Paul Fraisse defined rhythmic behavior as a periodic movement that obeys a temporal program specific to the subject and that depends less on the conditions of the action (p. 47). Among spontaneous rhythms, the spontaneous motor tempo (SMT) corresponds to the tempo at which someone produces movements in the absence of external stimuli, at the most regular, natural, and pleasant rhythm for him/her. However, intra- and inter-individual differences exist in the SMT values. Even if several factors have been suggested to influence the SMT (e.g., the age of participants), we do not yet know which factors actually modulate the value of the SMT. In this context, the objectives of the present systematic review are (1) to characterize the range of SMT values found in the literature in healthy human adults and (2) to identify all the factors modulating the SMT values in humans. Our results highlight that (1) the reference value of SMT is far from being a common value of 600 ms in healthy human adults, but a range of SMT values exists, and (2) many factors modulate the SMT values. We discuss our results in terms of intrinsic factors (in relation to personal characteristics) and extrinsic factors (in relation to environmental characteristics). Recommendations are proposed to assess the SMT in future research and in rehabilitative, educative, and sport interventions involving rhythmic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Desbernats
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jessica Tallet
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
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4
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Izbicki P, Mendoza T, Zaman A, Stegemöller EL. Differences in motor inhibition in young and older musicians and non-musicians at rest. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1230865. [PMID: 37744390 PMCID: PMC10514489 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1230865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Older adults experience a decline in motor inhibition. These declines have been implicated in instrumental activities of daily living. However, studies have revealed that older musicians have behavioral and neurophysiological enhancements in various motor domains compared to non-musicians. This suggests that music training may delay the decline in motor inhibition with aging. Nevertheless, motor inhibition has not been studied in young or older musicians and non-musicians. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the neurophysiological differences in motor inhibition in aging musicians and non-musicians. Methods A total of 19 healthy young adult musicians, 16 healthy young non-musicians, 13 healthy older adult musicians, and 16 healthy older adult non-musicians were recruited for the study. Transcranial magnetic stimulation single-pulse (SP) and short interval cortical inhibition (SICI) were performed at rest and then converted into inhibition percentage. Results We did not observe significant differences between young and older musicians and non-musicians in resting SP MEP. Older adults had lower resting SICI MEP than young adults. Older adults (36%) had a greater percentage of inhibition than young adults (16%). However, when controlling for background EMG activity, musicians had a lower inhibition percentage than non-musicians. Discussion The results revealed that, despite the greater use of spinal mechanisms, decreased SICI, and increased inhibition percentage in older adults, motor inhibitory circuitry remains intact and functional in both young and older musicians and non-musicians. Future studies will reveal whether there are differences in motor inhibition during movement in musicians across a person's lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Izbicki
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Tessa Mendoza
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Andrew Zaman
- Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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5
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Hao J, Pang Y, Liu Y, Jing Y, Li J, Mi R, Zheng M. The Relationship between Formal Music Training and Conflict Control: An ERP Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050723. [PMID: 37239195 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Music training involves manifolds of sensorimotor processes that tie closely with executive functions, including conflict control. Past studies have found consistent evidence in children of the link between music learning and executive functions. However, the same relationship has not been found in adult populations, and conflict control has yet to be studied in a focused manner. Via the Stroop task and event-related potentials (ERPs), the present study examined the association between musical training and conflict control ability among Chinese college students. The findings exhibited that individuals with music training outperformed individuals without music training by demonstrating higher accuracy and faster reaction times on the Stroop task and exhibiting greater N2 and smaller P3 amplitudes compared to the control group. The results support our hypothesis that people who received music training demonstrate advantages in their capacity for conflict control. The findings also provide scope for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Hao
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Vocational College of Culture and Arts, Chongqing 400067, China
- School of Music, Southwest University, Chongqing 400799, China
| | - Yazhi Pang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuanluo Jing
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Chongqing Municipal Educational Examinations Authority, Chongqing 401126, China
| | - Ruochuan Mi
- Chongqing Vocational College of Culture and Arts, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Maoping Zheng
- School of Music, Southwest University, Chongqing 400799, China
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6
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Wen XQ, Zhang J, Ren J. Sustained Effect of Auditory Entrainment With Coordinated Movement Varies With Temporal Complexity of Sequential Tapping. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:1013-1039. [PMID: 36938908 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231162748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
While the ability to coordinate movements temporally with rhythmic auditory stimuli is universal, previous investigators showed that accurate rhythm reproduction depends on temporal complexity. To date, the effect of multiple pitches on the timing of rhythmic movements has been assumed. Exploring a possible sustained entrainment effect of auditory stimuli on sequential movement might further elucidate the role of temporal complexity and its interaction with multiple pitch engagement. Thus, we investigated the sustained effect of auditory entrainment and the interaction between temporal complexity and pitch on predefined sequential tapping with tapping sequences predefined before a synchronization-timekeeping task. Temporal complexity was manipulated by increasing the number of non-integer ratios in temporal rhythm. The rhythm sequences were presented with either multiple pitches or a single pitch. We found a reduction in mean asynchronies and ratio error in three rhythms with non-integer ratios, while inter-response interval error was reduced in the integer rhythm and the rhythm with one repetitive integer ratio and one non-integer ratio. Ratio error remanence was less in rhythms with two non-integer ratios. We found no significant difference between the two pitch types. There was a sustained entrainment effect of sequential tapping that varied with differing temporal complexity, and pitch information was not essential for auditory entrainment. These findings provide support for possible interventions aimed at motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Wen
- School of Psychology, 66315Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Heilongjiang Shooting, Cycling and Archery Sports Management Center, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, 540176Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,School of Sport Communication and Information Technology, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Ren
- China Table Tennis College, 66315Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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7
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Hall C, Kim JC, Paxton A. Multidimensional recurrence quantification analysis of human-metronome phasing. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279987. [PMID: 36821591 PMCID: PMC9949643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Perception-action coordination (also known as sensorimotor synchronization, SMS) is often studied by analyzing motor coordination with auditory rhythms. The current study assesses phasing-a compositional technique in which two people tap the same rhythm at varying phases by adjusting tempi-to explore how SMS is impacted by individual and situational factors. After practice trials, participants engaged in the experimental phasing task with a metronome at tempi ranging from 80-140 beats per minute (bpm). Multidimensional recurrence quantification analysis (MdRQA) was used to compare nonlinear dynamics of phasing performance. Varying coupling patterns emerged and were significantly predicted by tempo and linguistic experience. Participants who successfully phased replicated findings from an original case study, demonstrating stable tapping patterns near in-phase and antiphase, while those unsuccessful at phasing showed weaker attraction to in-phase and antiphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitrín Hall
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ji Chul Kim
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Paxton
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America
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8
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Frischen U, Degé F, Schwarzer G. The relation between rhythm processing and cognitive abilities during child development: The role of prediction. Front Psychol 2022; 13:920513. [PMID: 36211925 PMCID: PMC9539453 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythm and meter are central elements of music. From the very beginning, children are responsive to rhythms and acquire increasingly complex rhythmic skills over the course of development. Previous research has shown that the processing of musical rhythm is not only related to children’s music-specific responses but also to their cognitive abilities outside the domain of music. However, despite a lot of research on that topic, the connections and underlying mechanisms involved in such relation are still unclear in some respects. In this article, we aim at analyzing the relation between rhythmic and cognitive-motor abilities during childhood and at providing a new hypothesis about this relation. We consider whether predictive processing may be involved in the relation between rhythmic and various cognitive abilities and hypothesize that prediction as a cross-domain process is a central mechanism building a bridge between rhythm processing and cognitive-motor abilities. Further empirical studies focusing on rhythm processing and cognitive-motor abilities are needed to precisely investigate the links between rhythmic, predictive, and cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Frischen
- Department of Music, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ulrike Frischen,
| | - Franziska Degé
- Music Department, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gudrun Schwarzer
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Gudrun Schwarzer,
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9
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Dalla Bella S. Rhythmic serious games as an inclusive tool for music-based interventions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1517:15-24. [PMID: 35976673 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Technologies, such as mobile devices or sets of connected sensors, provide new and engaging opportunities to devise music-based interventions. Among the different technological options, serious games offer a valuable alternative. Serious games can engage multisensory processes, creating a rich, rewarding, and motivating rehabilitation setting. Moreover, they can be targeted to specific musical features, such as pitch production or synchronization to a beat. Because serious games are typically low cost and enjoy wide access, they are inclusive tools perfectly suited for remote at-home interventions using music in various patient populations and environments. The focus of this article is in particular on the use of rhythmic serious games for training auditory-motor synchronization. After reviewing the existing rhythmic games, initial evidence from a recent proof-of-concept study in Parkinson's disease is provided. It is shown that rhythmic video games using finger tapping can be used with success as an at-home protocol, and bring about beneficial effects on motor performance in patients. The use and benefits of rhythmic serious games can extend beyond the rehabilitation of patients with movement disorders, such as to neurodevelopmental disorders, including dyslexia and autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dalla Bella
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Grossberg S. Toward Understanding the Brain Dynamics of Music: Learning and Conscious Performance of Lyrics and Melodies With Variable Rhythms and Beats. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:766239. [PMID: 35465193 PMCID: PMC9028030 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.766239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A neural network architecture models how humans learn and consciously perform musical lyrics and melodies with variable rhythms and beats, using brain design principles and mechanisms that evolved earlier than human musical capabilities, and that have explained and predicted many kinds of psychological and neurobiological data. One principle is called factorization of order and rhythm: Working memories store sequential information in a rate-invariant and speaker-invariant way to avoid using excessive memory and to support learning of language, spatial, and motor skills. Stored invariant representations can be flexibly performed in a rate-dependent and speaker-dependent way under volitional control. A canonical working memory design stores linguistic, spatial, motoric, and musical sequences, including sequences with repeated words in lyrics, or repeated pitches in songs. Stored sequences of individual word chunks and pitch chunks are categorized through learning into lyrics chunks and pitches chunks. Pitches chunks respond selectively to stored sequences of individual pitch chunks that categorize harmonics of each pitch, thereby supporting tonal music. Bottom-up and top-down learning between working memory and chunking networks dynamically stabilizes the memory of learned music. Songs are learned by associatively linking sequences of lyrics and pitches chunks. Performance begins when list chunks read word chunk and pitch chunk sequences into working memory. Learning and performance of regular rhythms exploits cortical modulation of beats that are generated in the basal ganglia. Arbitrary performance rhythms are learned by adaptive timing circuits in the cerebellum interacting with prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. The same network design that controls walking, running, and finger tapping also generates beats and the urge to move with a beat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Grossberg
- Center for Adaptive Systems, Graduate Program in Cognitive and Neural Systems, Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Psychological & Brain Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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11
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Winston JL, Jazwinski BM, Corey DM, Colombo PJ. Music Training, and the Ability of Musicians to Harmonize, Are Associated With Enhanced Planning and Problem-Solving. Front Psychol 2022; 12:805186. [PMID: 35153926 PMCID: PMC8828942 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.805186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Music training is associated with enhanced executive function but little is known about the extent to which harmonic aspects of musical training are associated with components of executive function. In the current study, an array of cognitive tests associated with one or more components of executive function, was administered to young adult musicians and non-musicians. To investigate how harmonic aspects of musical training relate to executive function, a test of the ability to compose a four-part harmony was developed and administered to musicians. We tested the working hypothesis that musicians would outperform non-musicians on measures of executive function, and that among musicians, the ability to harmonize would correlate positively with measures of executive function. Results indicate that musicians outperformed non-musicians on the Tower of London task, a measure of planning and problem-solving. Group differences were not detected on tasks more selective for inhibitory control, conflict resolution, or working memory. Among musicians, scores on the harmony assessment were positively correlated with performance of the Tower of London task. Taken together, the current results support a strong relationship between musicianship and planning and problem solving abilities, and indicate that the ability to harmonize is associated with components of executive function contributing to planning and problem solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Winston
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - David M Corey
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Paul J Colombo
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
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12
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Rimmele JM, Kern P, Lubinus C, Frieler K, Poeppel D, Assaneo MF. Musical Sophistication and Speech Auditory-Motor Coupling: Easy Tests for Quick Answers. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:764342. [PMID: 35058741 PMCID: PMC8763673 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.764342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Musical training enhances auditory-motor cortex coupling, which in turn facilitates music and speech perception. How tightly the temporal processing of music and speech are intertwined is a topic of current research. We investigated the relationship between musical sophistication (Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication index, Gold-MSI) and spontaneous speech-to-speech synchronization behavior as an indirect measure of speech auditory-motor cortex coupling strength. In a group of participants (n = 196), we tested whether the outcome of the spontaneous speech-to-speech synchronization test (SSS-test) can be inferred from self-reported musical sophistication. Participants were classified as high (HIGHs) or low (LOWs) synchronizers according to the SSS-test. HIGHs scored higher than LOWs on all Gold-MSI subscales (General Score, Active Engagement, Musical Perception, Musical Training, Singing Skills), but the Emotional Attachment scale. More specifically, compared to a previously reported German-speaking sample, HIGHs overall scored higher and LOWs lower. Compared to an estimated distribution of the English-speaking general population, our sample overall scored lower, with the scores of LOWs significantly differing from the normal distribution, with scores in the ∼30th percentile. While HIGHs more often reported musical training compared to LOWs, the distribution of training instruments did not vary across groups. Importantly, even after the highly correlated subscores of the Gold-MSI were decorrelated, particularly the subscales Musical Perception and Musical Training allowed to infer the speech-to-speech synchronization behavior. The differential effects of musical perception and training were observed, with training predicting audio-motor synchronization in both groups, but perception only in the HIGHs. Our findings suggest that speech auditory-motor cortex coupling strength can be inferred from training and perceptual aspects of musical sophistication, suggesting shared mechanisms involved in speech and music perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Rimmele
- Department of Neuroscience, Max-Planck-Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany
- Max Planck NYU Center for Language, Music and Emotion, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pius Kern
- Department of Neuroscience, Max-Planck-Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Lubinus
- Department of Neuroscience, Max-Planck-Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Frieler
- Department of Neuroscience, Max-Planck-Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David Poeppel
- Department of Neuroscience, Max-Planck-Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany
- Max Planck NYU Center for Language, Music and Emotion, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M. Florencia Assaneo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
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13
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Krizman J, Tierney A, Nicol T, Kraus N. Listening in the Moment: How Bilingualism Interacts With Task Demands to Shape Active Listening. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:717572. [PMID: 34955707 PMCID: PMC8702653 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.717572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
While there is evidence for bilingual enhancements of inhibitory control and auditory processing, two processes that are fundamental to daily communication, it is not known how bilinguals utilize these cognitive and sensory enhancements during real-world listening. To test our hypothesis that bilinguals engage their enhanced cognitive and sensory processing in real-world listening situations, bilinguals and monolinguals performed a selective attention task involving competing talkers, a common demand of everyday listening, and then later passively listened to the same competing sentences. During the active and passive listening periods, evoked responses to the competing talkers were collected to understand how online auditory processing facilitates active listening and if this processing differs between bilinguals and monolinguals. Additionally, participants were tested on a separate measure of inhibitory control to see if inhibitory control abilities related with performance on the selective attention task. We found that although monolinguals and bilinguals performed similarly on the selective attention task, the groups differed in the neural and cognitive processes engaged to perform this task, compared to when they were passively listening to the talkers. Specifically, during active listening monolinguals had enhanced cortical phase consistency while bilinguals demonstrated enhanced subcortical phase consistency in the response to the pitch contours of the sentences, particularly during passive listening. Moreover, bilinguals’ performance on the inhibitory control test related with performance on the selective attention test, a relationship that was not seen for monolinguals. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that bilinguals utilize inhibitory control and enhanced subcortical auditory processing in everyday listening situations to engage with sound in ways that are different than monolinguals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Krizman
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Adam Tierney
- The ALPHALAB, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Trent Nicol
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Nina Kraus
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Departments of Neurobiology and Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Nina Kraus,
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14
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Krishnan S, Lima CF, Evans S, Chen S, Guldner S, Yeff H, Manly T, Scott SK. Beatboxers and Guitarists Engage Sensorimotor Regions Selectively When Listening to the Instruments They can Play. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:4063-4079. [PMID: 30169831 PMCID: PMC6188551 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of classical musicians have demonstrated that expertise modulates neural responses during auditory perception. However, it remains unclear whether such expertise-dependent plasticity is modulated by the instrument that a musician plays. To examine whether the recruitment of sensorimotor regions during music perception is modulated by instrument-specific experience, we studied nonclassical musicians-beatboxers, who predominantly use their vocal apparatus to produce sound, and guitarists, who use their hands. We contrast fMRI activity in 20 beatboxers, 20 guitarists, and 20 nonmusicians as they listen to novel beatboxing and guitar pieces. All musicians show enhanced activity in sensorimotor regions (IFG, IPC, and SMA), but only when listening to the musical instrument they can play. Using independent component analysis, we find expertise-selective enhancement in sensorimotor networks, which are distinct from changes in attentional networks. These findings suggest that long-term sensorimotor experience facilitates access to the posterodorsal "how" pathway during auditory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Krishnan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, UK.,Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, UK
| | - César F Lima
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, UK.,Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Avenida das Forças Armadas, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Samuel Evans
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, UK
| | - Sinead Chen
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Stella Guldner
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, UK.,Graduate School of Economic and Social Sciences (GESS), University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harry Yeff
- Get Involved Ltd, 3 Loughborough Street, London, UK
| | - Tom Manly
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sophie K Scott
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, UK
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15
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Le Prell CG, Hammill TL, Murphy WJ. Noise-induced hearing loss and its prevention: Integration of data from animal models and human clinical trials. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 146:4051. [PMID: 31795668 PMCID: PMC7195863 DOI: 10.1121/1.5132951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Animal models have been used to gain insight into the risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and its potential prevention using investigational new drug agents. A number of compounds have yielded benefit in pre-clinical (animal) models. However, the acute traumatic injury models commonly used in pre-clinical testing are fundamentally different from the chronic and repeated exposures experienced by many human populations. Diverse populations that are potentially at risk and could be considered for enrollment in clinical studies include service members, workers exposed to occupational noise, musicians and other performing artists, and children and young adults exposed to non-occupational (including recreational) noise. Both animal models and clinical populations were discussed in this special issue, followed by discussion of individual variation in vulnerability to NIHL. In this final contribution, study design considerations for NIHL otoprotection in pre-clinical and clinical testing are integrated and broadly discussed with evidence-based guidance offered where possible, drawing on the contributions to this special issue as well as other existing literature. The overarching goals of this final paper are to (1) review and summarize key information across contributions and (2) synthesize information to facilitate successful translation of otoprotective drugs from animal models into human application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen G Le Prell
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Tanisha L Hammill
- Department of Defense, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, Virginia 22042, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinanati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA
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16
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McPherson T, Berger D, Alagapan S, Fröhlich F. Active and Passive Rhythmic Music Therapy Interventions Differentially Modulate Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System Activity. J Music Ther 2019; 56:240-264. [PMID: 31175814 DOI: 10.1093/jmt/thz007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in psychiatric disorders. Music therapy (MT) has been shown to modulate heart-rate variability (HRV) and salivary stress markers, physiological markers of the ANS and HPA axes, respectively. Given the prominent role of arousal and stress physiology in many psychiatric disorders, MT has the potential to provide therapeutic benefits in psychiatry. Active MT requires patients to engage rhythmically with music; in contrast, passive MT requires patients to listen to music, eliminating the rhythmic movement seen in active MT. Yet, it remains unknown whether active or passive MT differentially modulates arousal and stress physiology. We contrasted the effects of active and passive MT experiences to examine the differential impact of rhythmic movement on the ANS and HPA axes in healthy participants. Individuals (N = 16) participated in a crossover study of 40 min of an active MT and a passive MT intervention. HRV recordings and saliva samples were collected both before and after each intervention. The high-frequency component (HF) and the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency components (LF/HF) were calculated as cardiac markers of parasympathetic and sympathetic ANS activation, respectively. Saliva samples were analyzed for alpha-amylase and cortisol, markers of the sympathetic ANS and HPA axes, respectively. Active MT and passive MT interventions differentially modulated LF/HF, where active MT decreased LF/HF and passive MT increased LF/HF. These results indicate that MT affects the ANS and suggests that differences in engagement between active MT and passive MT lead to a differential modulation of the sympathetic ANS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor McPherson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dorita Berger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sankaraleengam Alagapan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Flavio Fröhlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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17
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Relationship between Interhemispheric Inhibition and Dexterous Hand Performance in Musicians and Non-musicians. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11574. [PMID: 31399612 PMCID: PMC6689014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47959-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) is essential for dexterous motor control. Small previous studies have shown differences in IHI in musicians compared to non-musicians, but it is not clear whether these differences are robustly linked to musical performance. In the largest study to date, we examined IHI and comprehensive measures of dexterous bimanual performance in 72 individuals (36 musicians and 36 non-musicians). Dexterous bimanual performance was quantified by speed, accuracy, and evenness derived from a series of hand tasks. As expected, musicians significantly outperformed non-musicians. Surprisingly, these performance differences could not be simply explained by IHI, as IHI did not significantly differ between musicians and non-musicians. However, canonical correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between combinations of IHI and performance variables in the musician group. Specifically, we identified that IHI may contribute to the maintenance of evenness regardless of speed, a feature of musical performance that may be driven by practice with a metronome. Therefore, while IHI changes by themselves may not be sufficient to explain superior hand dexterity exhibited by musicians, IHI may be a potential neural correlate for specific features of musical performance.
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18
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Porflitt FI, Rosas-Díaz RR. Behind the scene: cognitive benefits of playing a musical instrument. Executive functions, processing speed, fluid intelligence and divided attention / Detrás de la escena: beneficios cognitivos de tocar un instrumento musical. Funciones ejecutivas, velocidad de procesamiento, inteligencia fluida y atención dividida. STUDIES IN PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2019.1601474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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19
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Intrinsic Rhythmicity Predicts Synchronization-Continuation Entrainment Performance. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11782. [PMID: 30082734 PMCID: PMC6079093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic entrainment-defined as a stable temporal relationship between external periodic signals and endogenous rhythmic processes-allows individuals to coordinate with environmental rhythms. However, the impact of inter-individual differences on entrainment processes as a function of the tempo of external periodic signals remain poorly understood. To better understand the effects of endogenous differences and varying tempos on rhythmic entrainment, 20 young healthy adults participated in a spontaneous motor tempo (SMT) task and synchronization-continuation tasks at three experimental tempos (50, 70, and 128 bpm; 1200, 857, and 469 ms inter onset interval (IOI)). We hypothesized that SMT task performance and tempo would influence externally paced synchronization-continuation task behavior. Indeed, intrinsic rhythmicity assessed through the SMT task predicted performance in the externally paced task, allowing us to characterize differences in entrainment behavior between participants with low and high endogenous rhythmicity. High rhythmicity individuals, defined by better SMT performance, deviated from externally paced pulses sooner than individuals with low rhythmicity, who were able to maintain externally paced pulses for longer. The magnitude of these behavioral differences depended on the experimental tempo of the synchronization-continuation task. Our results indicate that differences in intrinsic rhythmicity vary between individuals and relate to tempo-dependent entrainment performance.
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20
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Slater JL, Tate MC. Timing Deficits in ADHD: Insights From the Neuroscience of Musical Rhythm. Front Comput Neurosci 2018; 12:51. [PMID: 30034331 PMCID: PMC6043674 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2018.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Everyday human behavior relies upon extraordinary feats of coordination within the brain. In this perspective paper, we argue that the rich temporal structure of music provides an informative context in which to investigate how the brain coordinates its complex activities in time, and how that coordination can be disrupted. We bring insights from the neuroscience of musical rhythm to considerations of timing deficits in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), highlighting the significant overlap between neural systems involved in processing musical rhythm and those implicated in ADHD. We suggest that timing deficits warrant closer investigation since they could lead to the identification of potentially informative phenotypes, tied to neurobiological and genetic factors. Our novel interdisciplinary approach builds upon recent trends in both fields of research: in the neuroscience of rhythm, an increasingly nuanced understanding of the specific contributions of neural systems to rhythm processing, and in ADHD, an increasing focus on differentiating phenotypes and identifying distinct etiological pathways associated with the disorder. Finally, we consider the impact of musical experience on rhythm processing and the potential value of musical rhythm in therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Slater
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Matthew C. Tate
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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