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Bieth T, Facque V, Altmayer V, Poisson I, Ovando-Tellez M, Moreno-Rodriguez S, Lopez-Persem A, Mandonnet E, Volle E. Impaired creative cognition after surgery for an IDH-mutated glioma: A proof-of-concept study. Cortex 2024; 174:219-233. [PMID: 38593576 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Assessment of high cognitive functions, such as creativity, is often overlooked in medical practice. However, it is crucial to understand the impact of brain tumors, specifically low-grade gliomas, on creative cognition, as these tumors predominantly affect brain regions associated with cognitive creativity. In this study, we investigated creative cognition using the Alternative Uses Task (AUT) and the Combination of Associates Task (CAT) in a cohort of 29 patients who underwent brain surgery for a low-grade glioma, along with 27 control participants. While the group of patients did not exhibit deficits in clinical neuropsychological assessments, our results revealed significant impairment in generating original and creative ideas compared to the control group. Furthermore, when analyzing the specific brain regions affected by the tumors, patients with lesions overlapping the left rostro-lateral prefrontal cortex, a critical region for creativity, displayed more pronounced impairments in the CAT compared to patients with lesions outside this region. These findings provide proof of concept that patients can experience impaired creative cognition following surgery for low-grade glioma, highlighting the importance of assessing higher-order cognitive functions, including creativity, in neurosurgical patients. Moreover, beyond its clinical relevance, our study contributes to advancing our understanding of the neuroscience of creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théophile Bieth
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -ICM-, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Valentine Facque
- Humans Matter, France; Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Victor Altmayer
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -ICM-, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Poisson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marcela Ovando-Tellez
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -ICM-, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Moreno-Rodriguez
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -ICM-, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alizée Lopez-Persem
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -ICM-, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Mandonnet
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -ICM-, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Volle
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -ICM-, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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2
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Willbrand EH, Jackson S, Chen S, Hathaway CB, Voorhies WI, Bunge SA, Weiner KS. Sulcal variability in anterior lateral prefrontal cortex contributes to variability in reasoning performance among young adults. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:387-402. [PMID: 38184493 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Identifying structure-function correspondences is a major goal among biologists, cognitive neuroscientists, and brain mappers. Recent studies have identified relationships between performance on cognitive tasks and the presence or absence of small, shallow indentations, or sulci, of the human brain. Building on the previous finding that the presence of the ventral para-intermediate frontal sulcus (pimfs-v) in the left anterior lateral prefrontal cortex (aLPFC) was related to reasoning task performance in children and adolescents, we tested whether this relationship extended to a different sample, age group, and reasoning task. As predicted, the presence of this aLPFC sulcus was also associated with higher reasoning scores in young adults (ages 22-36). These findings have not only direct developmental, but also evolutionary relevance-as recent work shows that the pimfs-v is exceedingly rare in chimpanzees. Thus, the pimfs-v is a key developmental, cognitive, and evolutionarily relevant feature that should be considered in future studies examining how the complex relationships among multiscale anatomical and functional features of the brain give rise to abstract thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan H Willbrand
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of WI-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samantha Jackson
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Szeshuen Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Willa I Voorhies
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Silvia A Bunge
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Kevin S Weiner
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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3
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Karagoz AB, Moran EK, Barch DM, Kool W, Reagh ZM. Evidence for shallow cognitive maps in schizophrenia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582214. [PMID: 38464042 PMCID: PMC10925159 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia can have marked deficits in goal-directed decision making. Prominent theories differ in whether schizophrenia (SZ) affects the ability to exert cognitive control, or the motivation to exert control. An alternative explanation is that schizophrenia negatively impacts the formation of cognitive maps, the internal representations of the way the world is structured, necessary for the formation of effective action plans. That is, deficits in decision-making could also arise when goal-directed control and motivation are intact, but used to plan over ill-formed maps. Here, we test the hypothesis that individuals with SZ are impaired in the construction of cognitive maps. We combine a behavioral representational similarity analysis technique with a sequential decision-making task. This enables us to examine how relationships between choice options change when individuals with SZ and healthy age-matched controls build a cognitive map of the task structure. Our results indicate that SZ affects how people represent the structure of the task, focusing more on simpler visual features and less on abstract, higher-order, planning-relevant features. At the same time, we find that SZ were able to display similar performance on this task compared to controls, emphasizing the need for a distinction between cognitive map formation and changes in goal-directed control in understanding cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata B Karagoz
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Erin K Moran
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Wouter Kool
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Zachariah M Reagh
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
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4
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Gunn C, Crosby T, Nanton A, Gorvin L. Performance on a relational integration task is impaired during hangover. Alcohol 2024; 121:95-102. [PMID: 38423260 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Recently, researchers have proposed an updated model of executive functions that includes relational integration, the mental ability to bind information into more complex structures. Hangover is known to disrupt other core components of executive functions, but little is known about how it influences relational integration. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how hangover influences performance on a relational integration task. Twenty-seven participants completed an online relational integration task and mood- and emotion-regulation questionnaires during a hangover and no-hangover condition in this naturalistic design study. Results indicated that relational integration was impaired in hangover (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.562) relative to the no-hangover condition. In addition, participants experienced greater difficulties in regulating emotions (p < 0.001, d = 0.85) and lower mood (p < 0.001, d = 0.88) during hangover. These results suggest that relational integration is impaired in hangover and add weight to the argument that cognitive impairments in hangover may be due to the hangover-related impact on domain-general processing resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Gunn
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Tom Crosby
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Nanton
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Livi Gorvin
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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5
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Willbrand EH, Bunge SA, Weiner KS. Neuroanatomical and Functional Dissociations between Variably Present Anterior Lateral Prefrontal Sulci. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:1846-1867. [PMID: 37677051 PMCID: PMC10586811 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is an evolutionarily expanded region in humans that is critical for numerous complex functions, many of which are largely hominoid specific. Although recent work shows that the presence or absence of specific sulci in anterior LPFC is associated with cognitive performance across age groups, it is unknown whether the presence of these structures relates to individual differences in the functional organization of LPFC. To fill this gap in knowledge, we leveraged multimodal neuroimaging data from two samples encompassing 82 young adult humans (aged 22-36 years) and show that the dorsal and ventral components of the paraintermediate frontal sulcus, or pimfs, present distinct morphological (surface area), architectural (thickness and myelination), and functional (resting-state connectivity networks) properties. We further contextualize the pimfs components within classic and modern cortical parcellations. Taken together, the dorsal and ventral pimfs components mark transitions in LPFC anatomy and function, across metrics and parcellations. These results emphasize that the pimfs is a critical structure to consider when examining individual differences in the anatomical and functional organization of LPFC and suggest that future individual-level parcellations could benefit from incorporating sulcal anatomy when delineating LPFC cortical regions.
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6
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Willbrand EH, Jackson S, Chen S, Hathaway CB, Voorhies WI, Bunge SA, Weiner KS. Sulcal variability in anterior lateral prefrontal cortex contributes to variability in reasoning performance among young adults. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.10.528061. [PMID: 36798378 PMCID: PMC9934691 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.528061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Identifying structure-function correspondences is a major goal among biologists, cognitive neuroscientists, and brain mappers. Recent studies have identified relationships between performance on cognitive tasks and the presence or absence of small, shallow indentations, or sulci, of the human brain. Building on the previous finding that the presence of one such sulcus in the left anterior lateral prefrontal cortex (aLPFC) was related to reasoning task performance in children and adolescents, we tested whether this relationship extended to a different sample, age group, and reasoning task. As predicted, the presence of this aLPFC sulcus-the ventral para-intermediate frontal sulcus-was also associated with higher reasoning scores in young adults (ages 22-36). These findings have not only direct developmental, but also evolutionary relevance-as recent work shows that the pimfs-v is exceedingly rare in chimpanzees. Thus, the pimfs-v is a novel developmental, cognitive, and evolutionarily relevant feature that should be considered in future studies examining how the complex relationships among multiscale anatomical and functional features of the brain give rise to abstract thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan H. Willbrand
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI USA
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Samantha Jackson
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Szeshuen Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Willa I. Voorhies
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Silvia A. Bunge
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kevin S. Weiner
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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7
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Antón Toro LF, Salto F, Requena C, Maestú F. Electrophysiological connectivity of logical deduction: Early cortical MEG study. Cortex 2023; 166:365-376. [PMID: 37499565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Complex human reasoning involves minimal abilities to extract conclusions implied in the available information. These abilities are considered "deductive" because they exemplify certain abstract relations among propositions or probabilities called deductive arguments. However, the electrophysiological dynamics which supports such complex cognitive processes has not been addressed yet. In this work we consider typically deductive logico-probabilistically valid inferences and aim to verify or refute their electrophysiological functional connectivity differences from invalid inferences with the same content (same relational variables, same stimuli, same relevant and salient features). We recorded the brain electrophysiological activity of 20 participants (age = 20.35 ± 3.23) by means of an MEG system during two consecutive reasoning tasks: a search task (invalid condition) without any specific deductive rules to follow, and a logically valid deductive task (valid condition) with explicit deductive rules as instructions. We calculated the functional connectivity (FC) for each condition and conducted a seed-based analysis in a set of cortical regions of interest. Finally, we used a cluster-based permutation test to compare the differences between logically valid and invalid conditions in terms of FC. As a first novel result we found higher FC for valid condition in beta band between regions of interest and left prefrontal, temporal, parietal, and cingulate structures. FC analysis allows a second novel result which is the definition of a propositional network with operculo-cingular, parietal and medial nodes, specifically including disputed medial deductive "core" areas. The experiment discloses measurable cortical processes which do not depend on content but on truth-functional propositional operators. These experimental novelties may contribute to understand the cortical bases of deductive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Antón Toro
- Research Group on Aging, Neuroscience and Applied Logic, Department of Psychology, Sociology and Philosophy, University of León, Campus Vegazana S/n 24171, León, Spain; Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (C3N), Complutense University of Madrid, Campus Somosaguas, 28223 Pozuelo, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychology, Health Faculty, Camilo José Cela University (UCJC), C. Castillo de Alarcón, 49, 28692 Villafranca Del Castillo, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Salto
- Research Group on Aging, Neuroscience and Applied Logic, Department of Psychology, Sociology and Philosophy, University of León, Campus Vegazana S/n 24171, León, Spain.
| | - Carmen Requena
- Research Group on Aging, Neuroscience and Applied Logic, Department of Psychology, Sociology and Philosophy, University of León, Campus Vegazana S/n 24171, León, Spain.
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (C3N), Complutense University of Madrid, Campus Somosaguas, 28223 Pozuelo, Madrid, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Campus Somosaguas, 28223 Pozuelo, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Waterhouse L. Why multiple intelligences theory is a neuromyth. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1217288. [PMID: 37701872 PMCID: PMC10493274 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1217288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A neuromyth is a commonly accepted but unscientific claim about brain function. Many researchers have claimed Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences (MI) theory is a neuromyth because they have seen no evidence supporting his proposal for independent brain-based intelligences for different types of cognitive abilities. Although Gardner has made claims that there are dedicated neural networks or modules for each of the intelligences, nonetheless Gardner has stated his theory could not be a neuromyth because he never claimed it was a neurological theory. This paper explains the lack of evidence to support MI theory. Most important, no researcher has directly looked for a brain basis for the intelligences. Moreover, factor studies have not shown the intelligences to be independent, and studies of MI teaching effects have not explored alternate causes for positive effects and have not been conducted by standard scientific methods. Gardner's MI theory was not a neuromyth initially because it was based on theories of the 1980s of brain modularity for cognition, and few researchers then were concerned by the lack of validating brain studies. However, in the past 40 years neuroscience research has shown that the brain is not organized in separate modules dedicated to specific forms of cognition. Despite the lack of empirical support for Gardner's theory, MI teaching strategies are widely used in classrooms all over the world. Crucially, belief in MI and use of MI in the classroom limit the effort to find evidence-based teaching methods. Studies of possible interventions to try to change student and teacher belief in neuromyths are currently being undertaken. Intervention results are variable: One research group found that teachers who knew more about the brain still believed education neuromyths. Teachers need to learn to detect and reject neuromyths. Widespread belief in a neuromyth does not make a theory legitimate. Theories must be based on sound empirical evidence. It is now time for MI theory to be rejected, once and for all, and for educators to turn to evidence-based teaching strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Waterhouse
- The College of New Jersey, Ewing Township, NJ, United States
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9
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Salto F, Requena C, Alvarez-Merino P, Rodríguez V, Poza J, Hornero R. Electrical analysis of logical complexity: an exploratory eeg study of logically valid/invalid deducive inference. Brain Inform 2023; 10:13. [PMID: 37286855 DOI: 10.1186/s40708-023-00194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Logically valid deductive arguments are clear examples of abstract recursive computational procedures on propositions or on probabilities. However, it is not known if the cortical time-consuming inferential processes in which logical arguments are eventually realized in the brain are in fact physically different from other kinds of inferential processes. METHODS In order to determine whether an electrical EEG discernible pattern of logical deduction exists or not, a new experimental paradigm is proposed contrasting logically valid and invalid inferences with exactly the same content (same premises and same relational variables) and distinct logical complexity (propositional truth-functional operators). Electroencephalographic signals from 19 subjects (24.2 ± 3.3 years) were acquired in a two-condition paradigm (100 trials for each condition). After the initial general analysis, a trial-by-trial approach in beta-2 band allowed to uncover not only evoked but also phase asynchronous activity between trials. RESULTS showed that (i) deductive inferences with the same content evoked the same response pattern in logically valid and invalid conditions, (ii) mean response time in logically valid inferences is 61.54% higher, (iii) logically valid inferences are subjected to an early (400 ms) and a late reprocessing (600 ms) verified by two distinct beta-2 activations (p-value < 0,01, Wilcoxon signed rank test). CONCLUSION We found evidence of a subtle but measurable electrical trait of logical validity. Results put forward the hypothesis that some logically valid deductions are recursive or computational cortical events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Salto
- Grupo Neurociencia, Envejecimiento y Lógica Aplicada, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Carmen Requena
- Grupo Neurociencia, Envejecimiento y Lógica Aplicada, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Paula Alvarez-Merino
- Grupo Neurociencia, Envejecimiento y Lógica Aplicada, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Víctor Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus M. Delibes, Paseo Belén 15, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Poza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus M. Delibes, Paseo Belén 15, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Roberto Hornero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus M. Delibes, Paseo Belén 15, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
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10
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Willbrand EH, Bunge SA, Weiner KS. Neuroanatomical and functional dissociations between variably present anterior lateral prefrontal sulci. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.25.542301. [PMID: 37292839 PMCID: PMC10245924 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.25.542301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is an evolutionarily expanded region in humans that is critical for numerous complex functions, many of which are largely hominoid-specific. While recent work shows that the presence or absence of specific sulci in anterior LPFC is associated with cognitive performance across age groups, it is unknown whether the presence of these structures relates to individual differences in the functional organization of LPFC. To fill this gap in knowledge, we leveraged multimodal neuroimaging data from 72 young adult humans aged 22-36 and show that dorsal and ventral components of the paraintermediate frontal sulcus (pimfs) present distinct morphological (surface area), architectural (thickness and myelination), and functional (resting-state connectivity networks) properties. We further contextualize the pimfs components within classic and modern cortical parcellations. Taken together, the dorsal and ventral pimfs components mark transitions in anatomy and function in LPFC, across metrics and parcellations. These results emphasize that the pimfs is a critical structure to consider when examining individual differences in the anatomical and functional organization of LPFC and highlight the importance of considering individual anatomy when investigating structural and functional features of the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan H. Willbrand
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
| | - Silvia A. Bunge
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
| | - Kevin S. Weiner
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
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11
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Willbrand EH, Ferrer E, Bunge SA, Weiner KS. Development of Human Lateral Prefrontal Sulcal Morphology and Its Relation to Reasoning Performance. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2552-2567. [PMID: 36828638 PMCID: PMC10082454 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1745-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous findings show that the morphology of folds (sulci) of the human cerebral cortex flatten during postnatal development. However, previous studies did not consider the relationship between sulcal morphology and cognitive development in individual participants. Here, we fill this gap in knowledge by leveraging cross-sectional morphologic neuroimaging data in the lateral PFC (LPFC) from individual human participants (6-36 years old, males and females; N = 108; 3672 sulci), as well as longitudinal morphologic and behavioral data from a subset of child and adolescent participants scanned at two time points (6-18 years old; N = 44; 2992 sulci). Manually defining thousands of sulci revealed that LPFC sulcal morphology (depth, surface area, and gray matter thickness) differed between children (6-11 years old)/adolescents (11-18 years old) and young adults (22-36 years old) cross-sectionally, but only cortical thickness showed differences across childhood and adolescence and presented longitudinal changes during childhood and adolescence. Furthermore, a data-driven approach relating morphology and cognition identified that longitudinal changes in cortical thickness of four left-hemisphere LPFC sulci predicted longitudinal changes in reasoning performance, a higher-level cognitive ability that relies on LPFC. Contrary to previous findings, these results suggest that sulci may flatten either after this time frame or over a longer longitudinal period of time than previously presented. Crucially, these results also suggest that longitudinal changes in the cortex within specific LPFC sulci are behaviorally meaningful, providing targeted structures, and areas of the cortex, for future neuroimaging studies examining the development of cognitive abilities.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recent work has shown that individual differences in neuroanatomical structures (indentations, or sulci) within the lateral PFC are behaviorally meaningful during childhood and adolescence. Here, we describe how specific lateral PFC sulci develop at the level of individual participants for the first time: from both cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives. Further, we show, also for the first time, that the longitudinal morphologic changes in these structures are behaviorally relevant. These findings lay the foundation for a future avenue to precisely study the development of the cortex and highlight the importance of studying the development of sulci in other cortical expanses and charting how these changes relate to the cognitive abilities those areas support at the level of individual participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan H Willbrand
- Department of Psychology
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Emilio Ferrer
- Department of Psychology
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Silvia A Bunge
- Department of Psychology
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Kevin S Weiner
- Department of Psychology
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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12
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Zhang X, Qiu Y, Li J, Jia C, Liao J, Chen K, Qiu L, Yuan Z, Huang R. Neural correlates of transitive inference: An SDM meta-analysis on 32 fMRI studies. Neuroimage 2022; 258:119354. [PMID: 35659997 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transitive inference (TI) is a critical capacity involving the integration of relevant information into prior knowledge structure for drawing novel inferences on unobserved relationships. To date, the neural correlates of TI remain unclear due to the small sample size and heterogeneity of various experimental tasks from individual studies. Here, the meta-analysis on 32 fMRI studies was performed to detect brain activation patterns of TI and its three paradigms (spatial inference, hierarchical inference, and associative inference). We found the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (PFC), putamen, posterior parietal cortex (PPC), retrosplenial cortex (RSC), supplementary motor area (SMA), precentral gyrus (PreCG), and median cingulate cortex (MCC) were engaged in TI. Specifically, the RSC was implicated in the associative inference, whereas PPC, SMA, PreCG, and MCC were implicated in the hierarchical inference. In addition, the hierarchical inference and associative inference both evoked activation in the hippocampus, medial PFC, and PCC. Although the meta-analysis on spatial inference did not generate a reliable result due to insufficient amount of investigations, the present work still offers a new insight for better understanding the neural basis underlying TI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education; School of Psychology; Center for Studies of Psychological Application; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yidan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education; School of Psychology; Center for Studies of Psychological Application; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education; School of Psychology; Center for Studies of Psychological Application; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuchu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education; School of Psychology; Center for Studies of Psychological Application; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Liao
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education; School of Psychology; Center for Studies of Psychological Application; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Kemeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education; School of Psychology; Center for Studies of Psychological Application; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education; School of Psychology; Center for Studies of Psychological Application; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education; School of Psychology; Center for Studies of Psychological Application; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Morsanyi K, Hamilton J, Stamenković D, Holyoak KJ. Linking metaphor comprehension with analogical reasoning: Evidence from typical development and autism spectrum disorder. Br J Psychol 2021; 113:479-495. [PMID: 34854075 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We examined the relationship between metaphor comprehension and verbal analogical reasoning in young adults who were either typically developing (TD) or diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The ASD sample was highly educated and high in verbal ability, and closely matched to a subset of TD participants on age, gender, educational background, and verbal ability. Additional TD participants with a broader range of abilities were also tested. Each participant solved sets of verbal analogies and metaphors in verification formats, allowing measurement of both accuracy and reaction times. Measures of individual differences in vocabulary, verbal working memory, and autistic traits were also obtained. Accuracy for both the verbal analogy and the metaphor task was very similar across the ASD and matched TD groups. However, reaction times on both tasks were longer for the ASD group. Additionally, stronger correlations between verbal analogical reasoning and working memory capacity in the ASD group indicated that processing verbal analogies was more effortful for them. In the case of both groups, accuracy on the metaphor and analogy tasks was correlated. A mediation analysis revealed that after controlling for working memory capacity, the inter-task correlation could be accounted for by the mediating variable of vocabulary knowledge, suggesting that the primary common mechanisms linking the two tasks involve language skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Morsanyi
- University of Loughborough, Loughborough, UK.,Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - Keith J Holyoak
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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14
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Voorhies WI, Miller JA, Yao JK, Bunge SA, Weiner KS. Cognitive insights from tertiary sulci in prefrontal cortex. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5122. [PMID: 34433806 PMCID: PMC8387420 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is disproportionately expanded in humans compared to non-human primates, although the relationship between LPFC brain structures and uniquely human cognitive skills is largely unknown. Here, we test the relationship between variability in LPFC tertiary sulcal morphology and reasoning scores in a cohort of children and adolescents. Using a data-driven approach in independent discovery and replication samples, we show that the depth of specific LPFC tertiary sulci is associated with individual differences in reasoning scores beyond age. To expedite discoveries in future neuroanatomical-behavioral studies, we share tertiary sulcal definitions with the field. These findings support a classic but largely untested theory linking the protracted development of tertiary sulci to late-developing cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willa I Voorhies
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Jacob A Miller
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jewelia K Yao
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Silvia A Bunge
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kevin S Weiner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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15
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The future of intelligence: The central meaning-making unit of intelligence in the mind, the brain, and artificial intelligence. INTELLIGENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2021.101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Xu Y, Vignali L, Collignon O, Crepaldi D, Bottini R. Brain network reconfiguration for narrative and argumentative thought. Commun Biol 2021; 4:746. [PMID: 34135466 PMCID: PMC8208997 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our brain constructs reality through narrative and argumentative thought. Some hypotheses argue that these two modes of cognitive functioning are irreducible, reflecting distinct mental operations underlain by separate neural bases; Others ascribe both to a unitary neural system dedicated to long-timescale information. We addressed this question by employing inter-subject measures to investigate the stimulus-induced neural responses when participants were listening to narrative and argumentative texts during fMRI. We found that following both kinds of texts enhanced functional couplings within the frontoparietal control system. However, while a narrative specifically implicated the default mode system, an argument specifically induced synchronization between the intraparietal sulcus in the frontoparietal control system and multiple perisylvian areas in the language system. Our findings reconcile the two hypotheses by revealing commonalities and differences between the narrative and the argumentative brain networks, showing how diverse mental activities arise from the segregation and integration of the existing brain systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangwen Xu
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Vignali
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Olivier Collignon
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute (IPSY) and Institute of NeuroScience (IoNS), University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Davide Crepaldi
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Bottini
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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17
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Demir-Lira ÖE, Prado J, Booth JR. Neurocognitive basis of deductive reasoning in children varies with parental education. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3396-3410. [PMID: 33978281 PMCID: PMC8249891 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurocognitive basis of elementary academic skills varies with parental socioeconomic status (SES). Little is known, however, about SES‐related differences underlying higher‐order cognitive skills that are critical for school success, such as reasoning. Here we used fMRI to examine how the neurocognitive basis of deductive reasoning varies as a function of parental education in school‐aged children. Higher parental education was associated with greater reliance on the left inferior frontal gyrus when solving set‐inclusion problems, consistent with other work suggesting that these problems might more heavily rely on verbal systems in the brain. In addition, children who are at the lower end of the parental education continuum, but have higher nonverbal skills relied on right parietal areas to a greater degree than their peers for solving set‐inclusion problems. Finally, lower parental education children with higher verbal or nonverbal skill engaged dorsolateral prefrontal regions to a greater degree for set‐inclusion and linear‐order relations than their peers. These findings suggest that children with lower parental education rely on spatial and cognitive control mechanisms to achieve parity with their peers with parents who have more education. Better understanding variability in the neurocognitive networks that children recruit as a function of their parental factors might benefit future individualized interventions that best match children's characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ö Ece Demir-Lira
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jérôme Prado
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Experiential Neuroscience and Mental Training Team, INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - James R Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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