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Zhang G, Zhen A, Chen J, Du B, Luo F, Li J, Tan H. In Vitro Effects of Waterborne Polyurethane 3D Scaffolds Containing Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)s of Different Lactic Acid/Glycolic Acid Ratios on the Inflammatory Response. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071786. [PMID: 37050400 PMCID: PMC10097270 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The physical and chemical properties of tissue engineering scaffolds have considerable effects on the inflammatory response at the implant site in soft tissue repair. The development of inflammation-modulating polymer scaffolds for soft tissue repair is attracting increasing attention. In this study, in order to regulate the inflammatory response at the implant site, a series of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) scaffolds with different properties were synthesized using polyethylene glycol (PEG), polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly (lactic acid)–glycolic acid copolymers (PLGAs) with three lactic acid/glycolic acid (LA/GA) ratios as the soft segments. Then, scaffolds were obtained using freeze-drying. The WPU scaffolds exhibited a porous cellular structure, high porosity, proper mechanical properties for repairing nerve tissue and an adjustable degradation rate. In vitro cellular experiments showed that the degradation solution possessed high biocompatibility. The in vitro inflammatory response of C57BL/6 mouse brain microglia (immortalized) (BV2) cells demonstrated that the LA/GA ratio of the PLGA in WPU scaffolds can regulate the external inflammatory response by altering the secretion of IL-10 and TNF-α. Even the IL-10/TNF-α of PU5050 (3.64) reached 69 times that of the control group (0.053). The results of the PC12 culture on the scaffolds showed that the scaffolds had positive effects on the growth, proliferation and differentiation of nerve cells and could even promote the formation of synapses. Overall, these scaffolds, particularly the PU5050, indeed prevent BV2 cells from differentiating into a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, which makes them promising candidates for reducing the inflammatory response and repairing nerve tissue. Furthermore, PU5050 had the best effect on preventing the transformation of BV2 cells into the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ao Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jinlin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bohong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Feng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiehua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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2
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Khajehmohammadi M, Azizi Tafti R, Nikukar H. Effect of porosity on mechanical and biological properties of bioprinted scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:245-260. [PMID: 36205372 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of tissue defects commonly represents a major problem in clinics due to difficulties involving a shortage of donors, inappropriate sizes, abnormal shapes, and immunological rejection. While many scaffold parameters such as pore shape, porosity percentage, and pore connectivity could be adjusted to achieve desired mechanical and biological properties. These parameters are crucial scaffold parameters that can be accurately produced by 3D bioprinting technology based on the damaged tissue. In the present research, the effect of porosity percentage (40%, 50%, and 60%) and different pore shapes (square, star, and gyroid) on the mechanical (e.g., stiffness, compressive and tensile behavior) and biological (e.g., biodegradation, and cell viability) properties of porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds coated with gelatin have been investigated. Moreover, human foreskin fibroblast cells were cultured on the scaffolds in the in-vitro procedures. MTT assay (4, 7, and 14 days) was utilized to determine the cytotoxicity of the porous scaffolds. It is revealed that the porous scaffolds produced by the bioprinter did not produce a cytotoxic effect. Among all the porous scaffolds, scaffolds with a pore size of about 500 μm and porosity of 50% showed the best cell proliferation compared to the controls after 14 days. The results demonstrated that the pore shape, porosity percentage, and pore connectivity have an important role in improving the mechanical and biological properties of porous scaffolds. These 3D bioprinted biodegradable scaffolds exhibit potential for future application as polymeric scaffolds in hard tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Habib Nikukar
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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3
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Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Waterborne Polyurethane-Urea and Cellulose Nanocrystal Scaffolds through Crosslinking. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224999. [PMID: 36433126 PMCID: PMC9698531 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, shape-customized scaffolds based on waterborne polyurethane-urea (WBPUU) were prepared via the combination of direct ink writing 3D-printing and freeze-drying techniques. To improve the printing performance of the ink and guarantee a good shape fidelity of the scaffold, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were added during the synthesis of the WBPUU and some of the printed constructs were immersed in CaCl2 prior to the freeze-drying process to promote ionic crosslinking between calcium ions and the polyurethane. The results showed that apart from allowing the ink to be successfully printed, obtaining scaffolds with good shape fidelity, the addition of the CNC resulted in a greater homogeneity of the porous structure as well as an increase of the swelling capacity of the scaffolds. Additionally, the CNC has a reinforcement effect in the printed systems, presenting a higher compression modulus as the CNC content increases. In the case of samples crosslinked by calcium ions, a rigid shell was observed by scanning electron microscopy, which resulted in stiffer scaffolds that presented a lower water absorption capacity as well as an enhancement of the thermal stability. These results showed the potential of this type of post-printing process to tune the mechanical properties of the scaffold, thus widening the potential of this type of material.
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Ren L, Gao X, Zhang X, Qiang T. Stable and recyclable polyporous polyurethane foam highly loaded with UIO-66-NH2 nanoparticles for removal of Cr(Ⅵ) in wastewater. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Jiang X, Xiong X, Lin Y, Lu Y, Cheng J, Cheng N, Zhang J. A composite scaffold fabricated with an acellular matrix and biodegradable polyurethane for the in vivo regeneration of pig bile duct defects. Acta Biomater 2022; 150:238-253. [PMID: 35882348 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bile duct regeneration is urgently needed to restore the normal function of the damaged biliary system. In this study, an artificial bile duct (ABD) was fabricated for extrahepatic bile duct regeneration based on biodegradable polyurethane (BPU) and ureter acellular matrix (UAM) to endow it with favorable biocompatibility and eliminate bile leakage during in vivo bile duct regeneration. The mechanical properties, in vitro simulation of bile flow and cytocompatibility of BPU-UAM ABD were evaluated in vitro, and surgical implantation in the biliary defect site in minipigs was implemented to reveal the in vivo degradation of BPU-UAM and regeneration of the new bile duct. The results indicated that BPU-UAM ABD with a mechanical strength of 11.9 MPa has excellent cytocompatibility to support 3T3 fibroblast survival and proliferation in extraction medium and on the scaffolds. The in vivo implantation of BPU-UAM ABD revealed the change of collagen content throughout the new bile duct regeneration. Biliary epithelial cells were observed at day 70, and continuous biliary epithelial layer formation was observed after 100 days of implantation. Altogether, the BPU-UAM ABD fabricated in this study possesses excellent properties for application study in the regeneration of bile duct. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Extrahepatic bile duct defects carry considerable morbidity and mortality because they are the only pathway for bile to go down into the intestinal tract. At present, no artificial bile duct can promote biliary regeneration. In this study, BPU-UAM ABD was built based on biodegradable polyurethane and ureter acellular matrix to form a continuous compact layer of polyurethane in the internal wall of UAM and avoid bile leakage and experimental failure during in vivo implantation. Our work verified the effectiveness of the synthesized biodegradable polyurethane emulsion-modified urethral acellular matrix in bile regeneration and continuous biliary epithelial layer formation. This study provided a new approach for the curing of bile duct defects and inducing new bile tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianze Xiong
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yixin Lin
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Nansheng Cheng
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Xu C, Hong Y. Rational design of biodegradable thermoplastic polyurethanes for tissue repair. Bioact Mater 2021; 15:250-271. [PMID: 35386346 PMCID: PMC8940769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Liang R, Lin J, Chen J, Zhang Q, Li J, Wang M, Hui X, Tan H, Fu Q. Biodegradable polyurethane nerve guide conduits with different moduli influence axon regeneration in transected peripheral nerve injury. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7979-7990. [PMID: 34612287 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01236c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nerve guide conduits (NGCs) can replace autogenous nerve grafting in the treatment of peripheral nerve system (PNS) injury. However, the modulus of polyurethane NGCs that affects the outcome of PNS repair has been rarely elucidated in vivo. In this study, we developed biodegradable waterborne polyurethane (BWPU) NGCs with an outer BWPU membrane and an inner three-dimensional scaffold structure. The mechanical properties of BWPU NGCs can be modified by adjusting the molar content of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the soft segments within the BWPU. Two types of BWPU NGCs with different moduli were prepared, containing 17% and 25% PEG in BWPU (termed as BWPU 17 NGCs and BWPU 25 NGCs, respectively). In rat sciatic nerves with 10-mm transected injury, mechanically stronger BWPU 17 NGCs exhibited superior nerve repair, which was similar to that obtained by the current gold standard autograft implantation, whereas weaker BWPU 25 NGCs displayed an unsatisfactory effect. Histological results revealed that both BWPU NGCs had anti-inflammatory effects and altered the activation state of macrophages to M2 phenotypes to enhance PNS regeneration. The analysis of growth-associated protein 43 expression, which regulates axon growth, revealed that the mechanical properties of BWPU NGCs influence the outcome of PNS regeneration by affecting the formation and extension of axons. These findings suggest that the mechanical properties of NGCs could play a key role in regulating PNS repair and should be considered in future biomaterial NGC designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China.
| | - Ruichao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China.
| | - Jingjing Lin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Med-X center of materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
| | - Jinlin Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Med-X center of materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China.
| | - Jiehua Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Med-X center of materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
| | - Minjin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Xuhui Hui
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China.
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Med-X center of materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Med-X center of materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
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8
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Solvent evaporation induced fabrication of porous polycaprolactone scaffold via low-temperature 3D printing for regeneration medicine researches. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Advances in Waterborne Polyurethane and Polyurethane-Urea Dispersions and Their Eco-friendly Derivatives: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030409. [PMID: 33514067 PMCID: PMC7865350 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurethanes and polyurethane-ureas, particularly their water-based dispersions, have gained relevance as an extremely versatile area based on environmentally friendly approaches. The evolution of their synthesis methods, and the nature of the reactants (or compounds involved in the process) towards increasingly sustainable pathways, has positioned these dispersions as a relevant and essential product for diverse application frameworks. Therefore, in this work, it is intended to show the progress in the field of polyurethane and polyurethane-urea dispersions over decades, since their initial synthesis approaches. Thus, the review covers from the basic concepts of polyurethane chemistry to the evolution of the dispersion's preparation strategies. Moreover, an analysis of the recent trends of using renewable reactants and enhanced green strategies, including the current legislation, directed to limit the toxicity and potentiate the sustainability of dispersions, is described. The review also highlights the strengths of the dispersions added with diverse renewable additives, namely, cellulose, starch or chitosan, providing some noteworthy results. Similarly, dispersion's potential to be processed by diverse methods is shown, evidencing, with different examples, their suitability in a variety of scenarios, outstanding their versatility even for high requirement applications.
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Li M, Dong Q, Xiao Y, Du Q, Huselsteind C, Zhang T, He X, Tian W, Chen Y. A biodegradable soy protein isolate-based waterborne polyurethane composite sponge for implantable tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:120. [PMID: 33247777 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A biodegradable soy protein isolate-based waterborne polyurethane composite sponge (SWPU) was prepared from soy protein isolate (SPI) and polyurethane prepolymer (PUP) by a process involving chemical reaction and freeze-drying. Effects of SPI content (0, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%) on the micro-structure and physical properties of the composite sponges were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the reaction between -NCO of PUP and -NH2 of SPI formed porous SPI-based WPU composite sponges. The results of the water absorption ratio measurement, solvent resistance measurement and compressive testing showed that water absorption, hydrophilicity, and tensile strength in the dry state of the composite sponges increased with the increase of SPI content. Especially, the tensile strength ranged from 0.3 MPa to 5.5 MPa with the increase in SPI content. The cytocompatibility and biodegradability of the composite sponges were evaluated by in vitro cell culture and in vivo implantation experiments. The results indicated that a certain SPI content in the sponges could promote the adhesion, growth, and proliferation of cells, enhance the cytocompatibility and accelerate the degradation speed of composite sponges. During the in vivo implanting period within 9 months, SWPU-50 sponge containing 50% of SPI brought out the lowest activated inflammatory reaction, most newly-regenerated blood capillaries, and best histocompatibility. All results indicated that SWPU-50 composite sponges had greatest potential for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Qiaoyue Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Céline Huselsteind
- CNRS UMR 7561 and FR CNRS-INSERM 32.09 Nancy University, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Tianwei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaohua He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Weiqun Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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11
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Navas-Gómez K, Valero MF. Why Polyurethanes Have Been Used in the Manufacture and Design of Cardiovascular Devices: A Systematic Review. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13153250. [PMID: 32707852 PMCID: PMC7435973 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement to ascertain why polyurethanes (PUs) have been used in the manufacture and design of cardiovascular devices. A complete database search was performed with PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science as the information sources. The search period ranged from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2019. We recovered 1552 articles in the first stage. After the duplicate selection and extraction procedures, a total of 21 papers were included in the analysis. We concluded that polyurethanes are being applied in medical devices because they have the capability to tolerate contractile forces that originate during the cardiac cycle without undergoing plastic deformation or failure, and the capability to imitate the behaviors of different tissues. Studies have reported that polyurethanes cause severe problems when applied in blood-contacting devices that are implanted for long periods. However, the chemical compositions and surface characteristics of polyurethanes can be modified to improve their mechanical properties, blood compatibility, and endothelial cell adhesion, and to reduce their protein adhesion. These modifications enable the use of polyurethanes in the manufacture and design of cardiovascular devices.
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12
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Ahmadi Y, Ahmad S. Recent Progress in the Synthesis and Property Enhancement of Waterborne Polyurethane Nanocomposites: Promising and Versatile Macromolecules for Advanced Applications. POLYM REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2019.1673403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Younes Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Research Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharif Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Research Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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A novel poly (vinyl alcohol)/poly (ethylene glycol) scaffold for tissue engineering with a unique bimodal open-celled structure fabricated using supercritical fluid foaming. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9534. [PMID: 31267014 PMCID: PMC6606581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) scaffold was carefully designed via thermal processing and subsequent supercritical fluid (SCF) foaming. Interestingly, a bimodal open-celled structure with interconnected networks was successfully created in the plasticized PVA (WPVA)/PEG scaffold. Large cells were produced from the nucleation sites generated in the PVA phase during rapid depressurization, while plenty of small pores generate in the cell walls of the big cells. The formation mechanism of this cellular structure was studied by considering the various phase morphologies and the diffusion behaviour of the carbon dioxide (CO2) in individual phases. In addition, the intermolecular interactions of the WPVA/PEG blend were studied using X-ray diffraction and FTIR analysis. The results demonstrate that various types of hydrogen bonds among the hydroxyl groups on the PVA chains, PEG and water molecules are formed in the blend system. The realization of thermoplastic foaming of the PVA/PEG blend benefits from the interactions of complexation and plasticization between water and PEG molecules. The SEM images also revealed that L929 fibroblast cells were able to attach and spread on surfaces of the WPVA/PEG samples. Thus the WPVA/PEG scaffold with unique bimodal cellular structure is nontoxic and favours the attachment and proliferation of cells, making it promising for use as the candidate for tissue engineering applications.
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14
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Xu Y, Wang J, Hao Z, Wang S, Liang C. Biodegradable ciprofloxacin-incorporated waterborne polyurethane polymers prevent bacterial biofilm formation in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:1831-1836. [PMID: 30783456 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore whether ciprofloxacin-incorporated waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) polymers have the capacity to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation in vitro. WBPU polymers were incorporated with ciprofloxacin and were cultured with Escherichia coli (E. coli) or Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in media for 2, 4 or 7 days. In another experiment, the WBPU membranes were cultured with Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) in artificial urine for 2, 4 or 7 days. Colony counting, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence confocal microscopy were utilized to examine bacterial biofilms on the surfaces of membranes. The membranes were further co-cultured with P. mirabilis in a simple model of an artificial catheterized bladder in order to evaluate their ability to control encrustation. The WBPU films with ciprofloxacin effectively inhibited bacterial biofilm formation in the culture medium and in artificial urine. In addition, in artificial urine, the films with ciprofloxacin reduced catheter obstruction. In conclusion, ciprofloxacin-incorporated WBPU polymers are able to effectively inhibit bacterial biofilm formation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Zongyao Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Sai Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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15
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Synthesis and characterization of novel biodegradable water dispersed poly(ether-urethane)s and their MWCNT-AS nanocomposites functionalized with aspartic acid as dispersing agent. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-018-0655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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16
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Development of Useful Biomaterial for Bone Tissue Engineering by Incorporating Nano-Copper-Zinc Alloy (nCuZn) in Chitosan/Gelatin/Nano-Hydroxyapatite (Ch/G/nHAp) Scaffold. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10101177. [PMID: 29039747 PMCID: PMC5666983 DOI: 10.3390/ma10101177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ceramic and metallic nanoparticles can improve the mechanical and biological properties of polymeric scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE). In this work, nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) and nano-copper-zinc alloy (nCuZn) were added to a chitosan/gelatin (Ch/G) scaffold in order to investigate the effects on morphological, physical, and biocompatibility properties. Scaffolds were fabricated by a freeze-drying technique using different pre-freezing temperatures. Microstructure and morphology were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), glass transition (Tg) was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cell growth was estimated by MTT assay, and biocompatibility was examined in vitro and in vivo by histochemistry analyses. Scaffolds and nanocomposite scaffolds presented interconnected pores, high porosity, and pore size appropriate for BTE. Tg of Ch/G scaffolds was diminished by nanoparticle inclusion. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) cells loaded in the Ch/G/nHAp/nCuZn nanocomposite scaffold showed suitable behavior, based on cell adhesion, cell growth, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity as a marker of osteogenic differentiation, and histological in vitro cross sections. In vivo subcutaneous implant showed granulation tissue formation and new tissue infiltration into the scaffold. The favorable microstructure, coupled with the ability to integrate nanoparticles into the scaffold by freeze-drying technique and the biocompatibility, indicates the potential of this new material for applications in BTE.
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Ozkan O, Turkoglu Sasmazel H. Hybrid polymeric scaffolds prepared by micro and macro approaches. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1278218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Ozkan
- Bioengineering Division, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Wu Y, Lin W, Hao H, Li J, Luo F, Tan H. Nanofibrous scaffold from electrospinning biodegradable waterborne polyurethane/poly(vinyl alcohol) for tissue engineering application. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:648-663. [PMID: 28277009 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1294041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of nanofibrous scaffolds, free of organic solvents, are prepared by electrospinning biodegradable waterborne polyurethane (BWPU) emulsion blending with aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA). Tuning the proration of BWPU to PVA, various nanofibers with diameter from 370 to 964 nm are obtained. Strong intermolecular interaction existing between them benefits to the electrospun of BWPU emulsion, which is demonstrated by dynamic thermomechanical analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The nontoxic nanofibrous scaffolds with porous structure, which is similar to the natural extracellular matrix, favor to the attachment and proliferation of the L929 fibroblasts. Thus, the scaffolds are promising to be used as biomaterials for many natural tissues repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Weiwei Lin
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Hongye Hao
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Jiehua Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Feng Luo
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Hong Tan
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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Abstract
Tissue engineering aims to repair the damaged tissue by transplantation of cells or introducing bioactive factors in a biocompatible scaffold. In recent years, biodegradable polymer scaffolds mimicking the extracellular matrix have been developed to promote the cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition. The biodegradable polymer scaffolds thus act as templates for tissue repair and regeneration. This article reviews the updated information regarding various types of natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers as well as their functions, physico-chemical properties, and degradation mechanisms in the development of biodegradable scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, including their combination with 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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20
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Preparation and characterization of controlled heparin release waterborne polyurethane coating systems. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-016-1787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Wang YC, Fang F, Wu YK, Ai XL, Lan T, Liang RC, Zhang Y, Trishul NM, He M, You C, Yu C, Tan H. Waterborne biodegradable polyurethane 3-dimensional porous scaffold for rat cerebral tissue regeneration. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20181k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It was demonstrated for the first time that WBPU 3D scaffold had axonal and synaptic regeneration abilities in rat brains.
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22
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Li M, Xiao Y, Chen Y, Ni H, Cai J, Wang X, Chang PR, Anderson DP, Chen Y. Soy protein-modified waterborne polyurethane biocomposites with improved functionality. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25758a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy protein isolate-modified waterborne polyurethane biocomposites exhibited improved cytocompatibility and biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Basic Medical Science
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- School of Life Science
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Basic Medical Science
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Hong Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- School of Life Science
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Science
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Basic Medical Science
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Peter R. Chang
- Bioproducts and Bioprocesses National Science Program
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
- Saskatoon
- Canada
| | - Debbie P. Anderson
- Bioproducts and Bioprocesses National Science Program
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
- Saskatoon
- Canada
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Basic Medical Science
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- China
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23
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Lu Z, Jiang X, Zuo X, Feng L. Improvement of cytocompatibility of 3D-printing resins for endothelial cell adhesion. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20700f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a new method for improving the biocompatibility of 3D-printing photosensitive resins using waterborne polyurethane (WPU) as the coating material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyan Lu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xiao Zuo
- Sichuan Languang 3D Bio-printing Institute
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Li Feng
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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Wang J, Liu Q, Tian Y, Jian Z, Li H, Wang K. Biodegradable hydrophilic polyurethane PEGU25 loading antimicrobial peptide Bmap-28: a sustained-release membrane able to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation in vitro. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8634. [PMID: 25727362 PMCID: PMC4345405 DOI: 10.1038/srep08634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Catheter-related infection makes up a large part of hospital infection and contributes 80% to all nosocomial urological infection, costing hundreds of millions dollar per year for treatment. Biodegradable hydrophilic material incorporating antibiotic substance is a promising way to prevent catheter-related infection. And antimicrobial peptide seems an optimal drug for its desirable antibiotic effect. In the current research, we produced a new kind of antibiotic material by incorporating antimicrobial peptide Bmap-28 with polyurethane PEGU25 and tested its effect on Proteus mirabilis in vitro. Compared with the control group, PEGU25 membrane incorporating Bmap-28 had a significant lower bacteria load after co-cultured with the Proteus mirabilis. And its antibiotic effect could be observed throughout the whole 7-day test. Also the Bmap-28 membrane could delay catheter obstruction caused by encrustation. Our findings reveal that PEGU25 incorporating Bmap-28 can well inhibit bacterial biofilm formation of common pathogens for catheter-related urinary tract infection in vitro, which makes it a promising antibiotic material for medical tubes for urology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Wang
- 1] Department of Urology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu. 610041, China [2] Department of Urology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei. 230032, China
| | - Qinyu Liu
- Department of Urology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu. 610041, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu. 610041, China
| | - Zhongyu Jian
- Department of Urology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu. 610041, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu. 610041, China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu. 610041, China
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Tsai MC, Hung KC, Hung SC, Hsu SH. Evaluation of biodegradable elastic scaffolds made of anionic polyurethane for cartilage tissue engineering. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 125:34-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Janik H, Marzec M. A review: fabrication of porous polyurethane scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 48:586-91. [PMID: 25579961 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of tissue engineering is the fabrication of three-dimensional scaffolds that can be used for the reconstruction and regeneration of damaged or deformed tissues and organs. A wide variety of techniques have been developed to create either fibrous or porous scaffolds from polymers, metals, composite materials and ceramics. However, the most promising materials are biodegradable polymers due to their comprehensive mechanical properties, ability to control the rate of degradation and similarities to natural tissue structures. Polyurethanes (PUs) are attractive candidates for scaffold fabrication, since they are biocompatible, and have excellent mechanical properties and mechanical flexibility. PU can be applied to various methods of porous scaffold fabrication, among which are solvent casting/particulate leaching, thermally induced phase separation, gas foaming, emulsion freeze-drying and melt moulding. Scaffold properties obtained by these techniques, including pore size, interconnectivity and total porosity, all depend on the thermal processing parameters, and the porogen agent and solvents used. In this review, various polyurethane systems for scaffolds are discussed, as well as methods of fabrication, including the latest developments, and their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Janik
- Department of Polymers Technology, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - M Marzec
- Department of Polymers Technology, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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27
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The degradation and biocompatibility of waterborne biodegradable polyurethanes for tissue engineering. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-013-1315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Bourget JM, Gauvin R, Larouche D, Lavoie A, Labbé R, Auger FA, Germain L. Human fibroblast-derived ECM as a scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2012; 33:9205-13. [PMID: 23031531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly approach is based on the capability of mesenchymal cells to secrete and organize their own extracellular matrix (ECM). This tissue engineering method allows for the fabrication of autologous living tissues, such as tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBV) and skin. However, the secretion of ECM by smooth muscle cells (SMCs), required to produce the vascular media, may represent a long process in vitro. The aim of this work was to reduce the time required to produce a tissue-engineered vascular media (TEVM) and extend the production of TEVM with SMCs from all patients without compromising its mechanical and functional properties. Therefore, we developed a decellularized matrix scaffold (dMS) produced from dermal fibroblasts (DF) or saphenous vein fibroblasts (SVF), in which SMCs were seeded to produce a TEVM. Mechanical and contractile properties of these TEVM (referred to as nTEVM) were compared to standard self-assembled TEVM (sTEVM). This approach reduced the production time from 6 to 4 weeks. Moreover, nTEVM were more resistant to tensile load than sTEVM and their vascular reactivity was also improved. This new fabrication technique allows for the production of a vascular media using SMCs isolated from any patient, regardless of their capacity to synthesize ECM. Moreover, these scaffolds can be stored to be available when needed, in order to accelerate the production of the vascular substitute using autologous vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Bourget
- LOEX-Centre de Recherche FRQS du Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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29
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Sharma AK. An examination of regenerative medicine-based strategies for the urinary bladder. Regen Med 2012; 6:583-98. [PMID: 21916594 DOI: 10.2217/rme.11.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients that are afflicted with dysfunctional urinary bladders due to developmental defect, trauma or malignant transformation have limited treatment options that would allow for complete recapitulation of the urinary bladder. Hence, novel tissue engineering techniques that are successful in regenerating functional urinary bladder tissue for replacement therapy would be invaluable. Current tissue engineering techniques are hampered by several problems including choice of appropriate cell type, inadequate development of new blood vessels to the regenerated tissue, tissue innervation and primitive bioscaffold design. This article describes the recent advances in stem cell biology and the material sciences to address these problems, and attempts to improve upon current tissue engineering techniques to make successful regeneration of urinary bladder tissue a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Sharma
- Children's Memorial Hospital of Chicago, Division of Pediatric Urology, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
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30
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Yu L, Zhou L, Ding M, Li J, Tan H, Fu Q, He X. Synthesis and characterization of novel biodegradable folate conjugated polyurethanes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 358:376-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Jiang X, Wang K, Ding M, Li J, Tan H, Wang Z, Fu Q. Quantitative grafting of peptide onto the nontoxic biodegradable waterborne polyurethanes to fabricate peptide modified scaffold for soft tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:819-827. [PMID: 21360121 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro (GRGDSP) peptide has frequently been used in the biomedical materials to enhance adhesion and proliferation of cells. In this work, we modified the nontoxic biodegradable waterborne polyurethanes (WBPU) with GRGDSP peptide and fabricated 3-D porous scaffold with the modified WBPU to investigate the effect of the immobilized GRGDSP peptide on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) adhesion and proliferation. A facile and reliable approach was first developed to quantitative grafting of GRGDSP onto the WBPU molecular backbone using ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EX810) as a connector. Then 3-D porous WBPU scaffolds with various GRGDSP content were fabricated by freeze-drying the emulsion. In both of the HUVECs adhesion and proliferation tests, enhanced cell performance was observed on the GRGDSP grafted scaffolds compared with the unmodified scaffolds and the tissue culture plate (TCP). The adhesion rate and proliferation rate increased with the increase of GRGDSP content in the scaffold and reached a maximum with peptide concentration of 0.85 μmol/g based on the weight of the polyurethanes. These results illustrate the necessity of the effective control of the GRGDSP content in the modified WBPU and support the potential utility of these 3-D porous modified WBPU scaffolds in the soft tissue engineering to guide cell adhesion, proliferation and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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