1
|
Meng R, Zhu H, Deng P, Li M, Ji Q, He H, Jin L, Wang B. Research progress on albumin-based hydrogels: Properties, preparation methods, types and its application for antitumor-drug delivery and tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1137145. [PMID: 37113668 PMCID: PMC10127125 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1137145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin is derived from blood plasma and is the most abundant protein in blood plasma, which has good mechanical properties, biocompatibility and degradability, so albumin is an ideal biomaterial for biomedical applications, and drug-carriers based on albumin can better reduce the cytotoxicity of drug. Currently, there are numerous reviews summarizing the research progress on drug-loaded albumin molecules or nanoparticles. In comparison, the study of albumin-based hydrogels is a relatively small area of research, and few articles have systematically summarized the research progress of albumin-based hydrogels, especially for drug delivery and tissue engineering. Thus, this review summarizes the functional features and preparation methods of albumin-based hydrogels, different types of albumin-based hydrogels and their applications in antitumor drugs, tissue regeneration engineering, etc. Also, potential directions for future research on albumin-based hydrogels are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Run Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Department of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huimin Zhu
- Sheyang County Comprehensive Inspection and Testing Center, Yancheng, China
| | - Peiying Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Department of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Department of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingzhi Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers’ University, Yancheng, China
| | - Hao He
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Department of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Department of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Jin, ; Bochu Wang,
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Department of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Jin, ; Bochu Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ngarande E, Doubell E, Tamgue O, Mano M, Human P, Giacca M, Davies NH. Modified fibrin hydrogel for sustained delivery of RNAi lipopolyplexes in skeletal muscle. Regen Biomater 2022; 10:rbac101. [PMID: 36726610 PMCID: PMC9887344 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference is a promising therapeutical approach presently hindered by delivery concerns such as rapid RNA degradation and targeting of individual tissues. Injectable hydrogels are one potentially simple and direct route towards overcoming these barriers. Here we report on the utility of a combination of a mildly modified form of the clinically utilised fibrin hydrogel with Invivofectamine® 3.0, a lipid nonviral transfection vector, for local and sustained release. PEGylation of fibrin allowed for controlled release of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-lipopolyplexes for at least 10 days and greatly increased the stability of fibrin in vitro and in vivo. A 3D cell culture model and a release study showed transfection efficacy of siRNA-lipopolyplexes was retained for a minimum of 7 days. Injection in conjunction with PEGylated-fibrinogen significantly increased retention of siRNA-lipopolyplexes in mouse skeletal muscle and enhanced knockdown of myostatin mRNA that correlated with muscle growth. Thus, the increased efficacy observed here for the combination of a lipid nanoparticle, the only type of nonviral vector approved for the clinic, with fibrin, might allow for more rapid translation of injectable hydrogel-based RNA interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Ngarande
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Emma Doubell
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | | | - Manuel Mano
- King’s College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Paul Human
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Mauro Giacca
- King’s College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Elastomeric Cardiowrap Scaffolds Functionalized with Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Induce a Positive Modulation in the Inflammatory and Wound Healing Response of Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Macrophage. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070824. [PMID: 34356888 PMCID: PMC8301323 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenge in contractile restoration of myocardial scars is one of the principal aims in cardiovascular surgery. Recently, a new potent biological tool used within healing processes is represented by exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells are the well-known extracellular nanovesicles released from cells to facilitate cell function and communication. In this work, a combination of elastomeric membranes and exosomes was obtained and tested as a bioimplant. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and macrophages were seeded into the scaffold (polycaprolactone) and filled with exosomes derived from MSCs. Cells were tested for proliferation with an MTT test, and for wound healing properties and macrophage polarization by gene expression. Moreover, morphological analyses of their ability to colonize the scaffolds surfaces have been further evaluated. Results confirm that exosomes were easily entrapped onto the surface of the elastomeric scaffolds, increasing the wound healing properties and collagen type I and vitronectin of the MSC, and improving the M2 phenotype of the macrophages, mainly thanks to the increase in miRNA124 and decrease in miRNA 125. We can conclude that the enrichment of elastomeric scaffolds functionalized with exosomes is as an effective strategy to improve myocardial regeneration.
Collapse
|
4
|
Understanding angiogenesis and the role of angiogenic growth factors in the vascularisation of engineered tissues. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:941-950. [PMID: 33393005 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a rapidly developing field with many potential clinical applications in tissue and organ regeneration. The development of a mature and stable vasculature within these engineered tissues (ET) remains a significant obstacle. Currently, several growth factors (GFs) have been identified to play key roles within in vivo angiogenesis, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), FGF and angiopoietins. In this article we attempt to build on in vivo principles to review the single, dual and multiple GF release systems and their effects on promoting angiogenesis. We conclude that multiple GF release systems offer superior results compared to single and dual systems with more stable, mature and larger vessels produced. However, with more complex release systems this raises other problems such as increased cost and significant GF-GF interactions. Upstream regulators and pericyte-coated scaffolds could provide viable alternative to circumnavigate these issues.
Collapse
|
5
|
Catanzano O, Quaglia F, Boateng JS. Wound dressings as growth factor delivery platforms for chronic wound healing. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:737-759. [PMID: 33338386 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1867096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Years of tissue engineering research have clearly demonstrated the potential of integrating growth factors (GFs) into scaffolds for tissue regeneration, a concept that has recently been applied to wound dressings. The old concept of wound dressings that only take a passive role in wound healing has now been overtaken, and advanced dressings which can take an active part in wound healing, are of current research interest.Areas covered: In this review we will focus on the recent strategies for the delivery of GFs to wound sites with an emphasis on the different approaches used to achieve fine tuning of spatial and temporal concentrations to achieve therapeutic efficacy.Expert opinion: The use of GFs to accelerate wound healing and reduce scar formation is now considered a feasible therapeutic approach in patients with a high risk of infections and complications. The integration of micro - and nanotechnologies into wound dressings could be the key to overcome the inherent instability of GFs and offer adequate control over the release rate. Many investigations have led to encouraging outcomes in various in vitro and in vivo wound models, and it is expected that some of these technologies will satisfy clinical needs and will enter commercialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ovidio Catanzano
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB) - CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Quaglia
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Joshua S Boateng
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rademakers T, Horvath JM, van Blitterswijk CA, LaPointe VL. Oxygen and nutrient delivery in tissue engineering: Approaches to graft vascularization. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1815-1829. [PMID: 31310055 PMCID: PMC6852121 DOI: 10.1002/term.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering is making great strides in developing replacement tissue grafts for clinical use, marked by the rapid development of novel biomaterials, their improved integration with cells, better-directed growth and differentiation of cells, and improved three-dimensional tissue mass culturing. One major obstacle that remains, however, is the lack of graft vascularization, which in turn renders many grafts to fail upon clinical application. With that, graft vascularization has turned into one of the holy grails of tissue engineering, and for the majority of tissues, it will be imperative to achieve adequate vascularization if tissue graft implantation is to succeed. Many different approaches have been developed to induce or augment graft vascularization, both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we highlight the importance of vascularization in tissue engineering and outline various approaches inspired by both biology and engineering to achieve and augment graft vascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rademakers
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Judith M. Horvath
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Clemens A. van Blitterswijk
- Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L.S. LaPointe
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu Y, Lu X, Dong X, Yuan J, Fabiilli ML, Wang X. LED-Based Photoacoustic Imaging for Monitoring Angiogenesis in Fibrin Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:523-531. [PMID: 31418322 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Noninvasive imaging techniques provide insight into physiology that is complementary to tissue morphology obtained by invasive histology. Optical imaging techniques, such as laser speckle contrast analysis, are used in vivo to longitudinally evaluate vascularization. Despite their high spatial resolution, these techniques have a limited imaging depth. In this study, we demonstrate how a dual LED-based photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasound system can delineate changes in perfusion at depth within scaffolds containing basic fibroblast growth factor. Perfusion changes detected by PA corroborated with vessel density. PA imaging could be a noninvasive and sensitive method for evaluating vascularization at depth in larger constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofang Lu
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xiaoxiao Dong
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mario L Fabiilli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gaspar D, Peixoto R, De Pieri A, Striegl B, Zeugolis DI, Raghunath M. Local pharmacological induction of angiogenesis: Drugs for cells and cells as drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:126-154. [PMID: 31226398 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past decades have seen significant advances in pro-angiogenic strategies based on delivery of molecules and cells for conditions such as coronary artery disease, critical limb ischemia and stroke. Currently, three major strategies are evolving. Firstly, various pharmacological agents (growth factors, interleukins, small molecules, DNA/RNA) are locally applied at the ischemic region. Secondly, preparations of living cells with considerable bandwidth of tissue origin, differentiation state and preconditioning are delivered locally, rarely systemically. Thirdly, based on the notion, that cellular effects can be attributed mostly to factors secreted in situ, the cellular secretome (conditioned media, exosomes) has come into the spotlight. We review these three strategies to achieve (neo)angiogenesis in ischemic tissue with focus on the angiogenic mechanisms they tackle, such as transcription cascades, specific signalling steps and cellular gases. We also include cancer-therapy relevant lymphangiogenesis, and shall seek to explain why there are often conflicting data between in vitro and in vivo. The lion's share of data encompassing all three approaches comes from experimental animal work and we shall highlight common technical obstacles in the delivery of therapeutic molecules, cells, and secretome. This plethora of preclinical data contrasts with a dearth of clinical studies. A lack of adequate delivery vehicles and standardised assessment of clinical outcomes might play a role here, as well as regulatory, IP, and manufacturing constraints of candidate compounds; in addition, completed clinical trials have yet to reveal a successful and efficacious strategy. As the biology of angiogenesis is understood well enough for clinical purposes, it will be a matter of time to achieve success for well-stratified patients, and most probably with a combination of compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gaspar
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Rita Peixoto
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrea De Pieri
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Proxy Biomedical Ltd., Coilleach, Spiddal, Galway, Ireland
| | - Britta Striegl
- Competence Centre Tissue Engineering for Drug Development (TEDD), Centre for Cell Biology & Tissue Engineering, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Competence Centre Tissue Engineering for Drug Development (TEDD), Centre for Cell Biology & Tissue Engineering, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Horst M, Eberli D, Gobet R, Salemi S. Tissue Engineering in Pediatric Bladder Reconstruction-The Road to Success. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:91. [PMID: 30984717 PMCID: PMC6449422 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several congenital disorders can cause end stage bladder disease and possibly renal damage in children. The current gold standard therapy is enterocystoplasty, a bladder augmentation using an intestinal segment. However, the use of bowel tissue is associated with numerous complications such as metabolic disturbance, stone formation, urine leakage, chronic infections, and malignancy. Urinary diversions using engineered bladder tissue would obviate the need for bowel for bladder reconstruction. Despite impressive progress in the field of bladder tissue engineering over the past decades, the successful transfer of the approach into clinical routine still represents a major challenge. In this review, we discuss major achievements and challenges in bladder tissue regeneration with a focus on different strategies to overcome the obstacles and to meet the need for living functional tissue replacements with a good growth potential and a long life span matching the pediatric population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Horst
- Laboratory for Urologic Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children‘s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children‘s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rita Gobet
- Laboratory for Urologic Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Souzan Salemi
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children‘s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moncion A, Lin M, Kripfgans OD, Franceschi RT, Putnam AJ, Fabiilli ML. Sequential Payload Release from Acoustically-Responsive Scaffolds Using Focused Ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:2323-2335. [PMID: 30077413 PMCID: PMC6441330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative processes, such as angiogenesis and osteogenesis, often require multiple growth factors with distinct spatiotemporal patterns and expression sequences. Within tissue engineering, hydrogel scaffolds are commonly used for exogenous growth factor delivery. However, direct incorporation of growth factors within conventional hydrogels does not afford spatiotemporally controlled delivery because release is governed by passive mechanisms that cannot be actively controlled after the scaffold is implanted. We have developed acoustically-responsive scaffolds (ARSs), which are fibrin scaffolds doped with payload-containing, sonosensitive emulsions. Payload release from ARSs can be controlled non-invasively and on demand using focused, megahertz-range ultrasound. In the in vitro study described here, we developed and characterized ARSs that enable sequential release of two surrogate, fluorescent payloads using consecutive ultrasound exposures at different acoustic pressures. ARSs were generated with various combinations and volume fractions of perfluoropentane, perfluorohexane, and perfluoroheptane emulsions. Acoustic droplet vaporization and inertial cavitation thresholds correlated with the boiling point/molecular weight of the perfluorocarbon while payload release correlated inversely. Payload release was longitudinally measured and observed to follow a sigmoidal trend versus acoustic pressure. Perfluoropentane and perfluorohexane emulsions were stabilized when incorporated into ARSs with perfluoroheptane emulsion. These results highlight the potential of using ARSs for sequential, dual-payload release for tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Moncion
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Melissa Lin
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Oliver D Kripfgans
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Renny T Franceschi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew J Putnam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mario L Fabiilli
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Heher P, Mühleder S, Mittermayr R, Redl H, Slezak P. Fibrin-based delivery strategies for acute and chronic wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:134-147. [PMID: 29247766 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrin, a natural hydrogel, is the end product of the physiological blood coagulation cascade and naturally involved in wound healing. Beyond its role in hemostasis, it acts as a local reservoir for growth factors and as a provisional matrix for invading cells that drive the regenerative process. Its unique intrinsic features do not only promote wound healing directly via modulation of cell behavior but it can also be fine-tuned to evolve into a delivery system for sustained release of therapeutic biomolecules, cells and gene vectors. To further augment tissue regeneration potential, current strategies exploit and modify the chemical and physical characteristics of fibrin to employ combined incorporation of several factors and their timed release. In this work we show advanced therapeutic approaches employing fibrin matrices in wound healing and cover the many possibilities fibrin offers to the field of regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
12
|
Da LC, Huang YZ, Xie HQ. Progress in development of bioderived materials for dermal wound healing. Regen Biomater 2017; 4:325-334. [PMID: 29026647 PMCID: PMC5633688 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of acute and chronic wounds is one of the primary challenges faced by doctors. Bioderived materials have significant potential clinical value in tissue injury treatment and defect reconstruction. Various strategies, including drug loading, addition of metallic element(s), cross-linking and combining two or more distinct types of materials with complementary features, have been used to synthesize more suitable materials for wound healing. In this review, we describe the recent developments made in the processing of bioderived materials employed for cutaneous wound healing, including newly developed materials such as keratin and soy protein. The focus was on the key properties of the bioderived materials that have shown great promise in improving wound healing, restoration and reconstruction. With their good biocompatibility, nontoxic catabolites, microinflammation characteristics, as well as their ability to induce tissue regeneration and reparation, the bioderived materials have great potential for skin tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Cui Da
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhou Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Savarraj JPJ, Parsha K, Hergenroeder GW, Zhu L, Bajgur SS, Ahn S, Lee K, Chang T, Kim DH, Liu Y, Choi HA. Systematic model of peripheral inflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology 2017; 88:1535-1545. [PMID: 28314864 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate inflammatory processes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) with network models. METHODS This is a retrospective observational study of serum samples from 45 participants with aSAH analyzed at multiple predetermined time points: <24 hours, 24 to 48 hours, 3 to 5 days, and 6 to 8 days after aSAH. Concentrations of cytokines were measured with a 41-plex human immunoassay kit, and the Pearson correlation coefficients between all possible cytokine pairs were computed. Systematic network models were constructed on the basis of correlations between cytokine pairs for all participants and across injury severity. Trends of individual cytokines and correlations between them were examined simultaneously. RESULTS Network models revealed that systematic inflammatory activity peaks at 24 to 48 hours after the bleed. Individual cytokine levels changed significantly over time, exhibiting increasing, decreasing, and peaking trends. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, soluble CD40 ligand, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increased over time. Colony-stimulating factor (CSF) 3, interleukin (IL)-13, and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand decreased over time. IL-6, IL-5, and IL-15 peaked and decreased. Some cytokines with insignificant trends show high correlations with other cytokines and vice versa. Many correlated cytokine clusters, including a platelet-derived factor cluster and an endothelial growth factor cluster, were observed at all times. Participants with higher clinical severity at admission had elevated levels of several proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, CCL2, CCL11, CSF3, IL-8, IL-10, CX3CL1, and TNF-α, compared to those with lower clinical severity. CONCLUSIONS Combining reductionist and systematic techniques may lead to a better understanding of the underlying complexities of the inflammatory reaction after aSAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaushik Parsha
- From the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | - Liang Zhu
- From the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Suhas S Bajgur
- From the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Sungho Ahn
- From the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Kiwon Lee
- From the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Tiffany Chang
- From the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Dong H Kim
- From the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Yin Liu
- From the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - H Alex Choi
- From the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Grau-Monge C, Delcroix GJR, Bonnin-Marquez A, Valdes M, Awadallah ELM, Quevedo DF, Armour MR, Montero RB, Schiller PC, Andreopoulos FM, D'Ippolito G. Marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible cells embedded within a biologically-inspired construct promote recovery in a mouse model of peripheral vascular disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:015024. [PMID: 28211362 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa5a74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral vascular disease is one of the major vascular complications in individuals suffering from diabetes and in the elderly that is associated with significant burden in terms of morbidity and mortality. Stem cell therapy is being tested as an attractive alternative to traditional surgery to prevent and treat this disorder. The goal of this study was to enhance the protective and reparative potential of marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible (MIAMI) cells by incorporating them within a bio-inspired construct (BIC) made of two layers of gelatin B electrospun nanofibers. We hypothesized that the BIC would enhance MIAMI cell survival and engraftment, ultimately leading to a better functional recovery of the injured limb in our mouse model of critical limb ischemia compared to MIAMI cells used alone. Our study demonstrated that MIAMI cell-seeded BIC resulted in a wide range of positive outcomes with an almost full recovery of blood flow in the injured limb, thereby limiting the extent of ischemia and necrosis. Functional recovery was also the greatest when MIAMI cells were combined with BICs, compared to MIAMI cells alone or BICs in the absence of cells. Histology was performed 28 days after grafting the animals to explore the mechanisms at the source of these positive outcomes. We observed that our critical limb ischemia model induces an extensive loss of muscular fibers that are replaced by intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), together with a highly disorganized vascular structure. The use of MIAMI cells-seeded BIC prevented IMAT infiltration with some clear evidence of muscular fibers regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Grau-Monge
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, United States of America. Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center and Research Service, Bruce W. Carter VAMC, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Novel methods of local anesthetic delivery in the perioperative and postoperative setting—potential for fibrin hydrogel delivery. J Clin Anesth 2016; 35:246-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
16
|
Abstract
Organoid systems leverage the self-organizing properties of stem cells to create diverse multi-cellular tissue proxies. Most organoid models only represent single or partial components of a tissue, and it is often difficult to control the cell type, organization, and cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions within these systems. Herein, we discuss basic approaches to generate stem cell-based organoids, their advantages and limitations, and how bioengineering strategies can be used to steer the cell composition and their 3D organization within organoids to further enhance their utility in research and therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Yin
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Benjamin E Mead
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Helia Safaee
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Oren Levy
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Development and Characterization of a 3D Printed, Keratin-Based Hydrogel. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 45:237-248. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
18
|
Rambhia KJ, Ma PX. Controlled drug release for tissue engineering. J Control Release 2015; 219:119-128. [PMID: 26325405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is often referred to as a three-pronged discipline, with each prong corresponding to 1) a 3D material matrix (scaffold), 2) drugs that act on molecular signaling, and 3) regenerative living cells. Herein we focus on reviewing advances in controlled release of drugs from tissue engineering platforms. This review addresses advances in hydrogels and porous scaffolds that are synthesized from natural materials and synthetic polymers for the purposes of controlled release in tissue engineering. We pay special attention to efforts to reduce the burst release effect and to provide sustained and long-term release. Finally, novel approaches to controlled release are described, including devices that allow for pulsatile and sequential delivery. In addition to recent advances, limitations of current approaches and areas of further research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunal J Rambhia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hollander MR, Horrevoets AJG, van Royen N. Cellular and pharmacological targets to induce coronary arteriogenesis. Curr Cardiol Rev 2015; 10:29-37. [PMID: 23638831 PMCID: PMC3968592 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x113099990003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of collateral vessels (arteriogenesis) to sustain perfusion in ischemic tissue is native to the body and can compensate for coronary stenosis. However, arteriogenesis is a complex process and is dependent on many different factors. Although animal studies on collateral formation and stimulation show promising data, clinical trials have failed to replicate these results. Further research to the exact mechanisms is needed in order to develop a pharmalogical stimulant. This review gives an overview of recent data in the field of arteriogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Niels van Royen
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Room 4D-36, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fibrin as a delivery system in wound healing tissue engineering applications. J Control Release 2014; 196:1-8. [PMID: 25284479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibrin is formed in the body upon initiation of the clotting cascade and is produced commercially for use as a tissue sealant and hemostasis device during surgical procedures. Experimentally fibrin is being increasingly used as a vector to deliver growth factors, cells, drugs and genes in tissue engineering applications mimicking aspects of the extra cellular matrix. Growth factors (GFs) are central to wound healing, inducing cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Attempts have been made to augment wound healing with GFs, however widespread clinical use has been hindered in vivo due to their rapid metabolism within the body. Fibrin hydrogels protect GFs from rapid degradation and the composition of which can be altered to achieve their optimal release. This article reviews the use of fibrin for the delivery of GFs and details the various strategies that have evolved to alter the release rate so as to enhance the regenerative process, including bi-domain peptides, plasmin degradation sequences and heparin incorporation. This paper also reviews other recent advances in this field, such as dual delivery of cells and GF or sequential release of multiple GF.
Collapse
|
21
|
Fucoidan in a 3D scaffold interacts with vascular endothelial growth factor and promotes neovascularization in mice. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2013; 5:187-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-013-0177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapeutic angiogenesis is a strategy of inducing new collateral vessels and stimulating new capillaries that enhance tissue oxygen exchange in ischemic cardiovascular disorders, including acute myocardial infarction, chronic cardiac ischemia, peripheral artery disease and stroke. AREAS COVERED Over the last 10 years, promising results of early clinical trials have generated great expectation on the potential of therapeutic angiogenesis. However, even if large randomized placebo-controlled and double-blinded Phase II clinical trials have confirmed the feasibility, safety and potential effectiveness of therapeutic angiogenesis, they provided very limited evidence of its efficacy in terms of clinical benefit. EXPERT OPINION Results of the latest trials on therapeutic angiogenesis have not provided satisfactory results. Much is still unknown about the optimal delivery of angiogenic factors. Trials using alternative growth factors, dose regimens and methods of delivery are needed to enhance the treatment benefit of therapeutic angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- University of Bari Medical School, National Cancer Institute, Giovanni Paolo II, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Naturally and synthetic smart composite biomaterials for tissue regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:471-96. [PMID: 22465488 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of smart biomaterials for tissue regeneration has become the focus of intense research interest. More opportunities are available by the composite approach of combining the biomaterials in the form of biopolymers and/or bioceramics either synthetic or natural. Strategies to provide smart capabilities to the composite biomaterials primarily seek to achieve matrices that are instructive/inductive to cells, or that stimulate/trigger target cell responses that are crucial in the tissue regeneration processes. Here, we review in-depth, recent developments concerning smart composite biomaterials available for delivery systems of biofactors and cells and scaffolding matrices in tissue engineering. Smart composite designs are possible by modulating the bulk and surface properties that mimic the native tissues, either in chemical (extracellular matrix molecules) or in physical properties (e.g. stiffness), or by introducing external therapeutic molecules (drugs, proteins and genes) within the structure in a way that allows sustainable and controllable delivery, even time-dependent and sequential delivery of multiple biofactors. Responsiveness to internal or external stimuli, including pH, temperature, ionic strength, and magnetism, is another promising means to improve the multifunctionality in smart scaffolds with on-demand delivery potential. These approaches will provide the next-generation platforms for designing three-dimensional matrices and delivery systems for tissue regenerative applications.
Collapse
|
24
|
Neovascularization in tissue engineering. Cells 2012; 1:1246-60. [PMID: 24710553 PMCID: PMC3901123 DOI: 10.3390/cells1041246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A prerequisite for successful tissue engineering is adequate vascularization that would allow tissue engineering constructs to survive and grow. Angiogenic growth factors, alone and in combination, have been used to achieve this, and gene therapy has been used as a tool to enable sustained release of these angiogenic proteins. Cell-based therapy using endothelial cells and their precursors presents an alternative approach to tackling this challenge. These studies have occurred on a background of advancements in scaffold design and assays for assessing neovascularization. Finally, several studies have already attempted to translate research in neovascularization to clinical use in the blossoming field of therapeutic angiogenesis.
Collapse
|
25
|
Carvajal Monroy PL, Grefte S, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Wagener FADTG, Von den Hoff JW. Strategies to improve regeneration of the soft palate muscles after cleft palate repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2012; 18:468-77. [PMID: 22697475 PMCID: PMC3696944 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Children with a cleft in the soft palate have difficulties with speech, swallowing, and sucking. These patients are unable to separate the nasal from the oral cavity leading to air loss during speech. Although surgical repair ameliorates soft palate function by joining the clefted muscles of the soft palate, optimal function is often not achieved. The regeneration of muscles in the soft palate after surgery is hampered because of (1) their low intrinsic regenerative capacity, (2) the muscle properties related to clefting, and (3) the development of fibrosis. Adjuvant strategies based on tissue engineering may improve the outcome after surgery by approaching these specific issues. Therefore, this review will discuss myogenesis in the noncleft and cleft palate, the characteristics of soft palate muscles, and the process of muscle regeneration. Finally, novel therapeutic strategies based on tissue engineering to improve soft palate function after surgical repair are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola L Carvajal Monroy
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, at the Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences of the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Baiguera S, Ribatti D. Endothelialization approaches for viable engineered tissues. Angiogenesis 2012; 16:1-14. [PMID: 23010872 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-012-9307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the main limitation in obtaining thick, 3-dimensional viable engineered constructs is the inability to provide a sufficient and functional blood vessel system essential for the in vitro survival and the in vivo integration of the construct. Different strategies have been proposed to simulate the ingrowth of new blood vessels into engineered tissue, such as the use of growth factors, fabrication scaffold technologies, in vivo prevascularization and cell-based strategies, and it has been demonstrated that endothelial cells play a central role in the neovascularization process and in the control of blood vessel function. In particular, different "environmental" settings (origin, presence of supporting cells, biomaterial surface, presence of hemodynamic forces) strongly influence endothelial cell function, angiogenic potential and the in vivo formation of durable vessels. This review provides an overview of the different techniques developed so far for the vascularization of tissue-engineered constructs (with their advantages and pitfalls), focusing the attention on the recent development in the cell-based vascularization strategy and the in vivo applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Baiguera
- BIOAIRLab, European Center for Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|