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Gustafsson Y, Haag J, Jungebluth P, Lundin V, Ling Lim M, Baiguera S, Ajalloueian F, Del Gaudio C, Bianco A, Moll G, Sjöqvist S, Lemon G, Teixeira AI, Macchiarini P. Retraction notice to "Viability and proliferation of rat MSCs on adhesion protein-modified PET and PU scaffolds" [Biomaterials 33/12 (2012) 8094-8103]. Biomaterials 2024; 305:122445. [PMID: 38176982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Gustafsson
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes Haag
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp Jungebluth
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vanessa Lundin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mei Ling Lim
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Baiguera
- BIOAIRLab, European Center of Thoracic Research (CERT) University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Ajalloueian
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Costantino Del Gaudio
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Industrial Engineering, Intrauniversitary Consortium for Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Research Unit Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bianco
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Industrial Engineering, Intrauniversitary Consortium for Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Research Unit Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Moll
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Sjöqvist
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Greg Lemon
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Isabel Teixeira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Macchiarini
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pecci R, Baiguera S, Ioppolo P, Bedini R, Del Gaudio C. 3D printed scaffolds with random microarchitecture for bone tissue engineering applications: Manufacturing and characterization. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 103:103583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ajalloueian F, Lim ML, Lemon G, Haag JC, Gustafsson Y, Sjöqvist S, Beltrán-Rodríguez A, Del Gaudio C, Baiguera S, Bianco A, Jungebluth P, Macchiarini P. Retraction notice to: "Biomechanical and biocompatibility characteristics of electrospun polymeric tracheal scaffolds "[BIOMATERIALS 35/20 (2014) 5307-5315]. Biomaterials 2019; 199:89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jungebluth P, Haag JC, Lim ML, Lemon G, Sjöqvist S, Gustafsson Y, Ajalloueian F, Gilevich I, Simonson OE, Grinnemo KH, Corbascio M, Baiguera S, Del Gaudio C, Strömblad S, Macchiarini P. Retraction notice to:"Verification of cell viability in bioengineered tissues and organs before clinical transplantation " [BIOMATERIALS (2013) 4057-4067]. Biomaterials 2019; 199:88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sjöqvist S, Jungebluth P, Lim ML, Haag JC, Gustafsson Y, Lemon G, Baiguera S, Burguillos MA, Del Gaudio C, Rodríguez AB, Sotnichenko A, Kublickiene K, Ullman H, Kielstein H, Damberg P, Bianco A, Heuchel R, Zhao Y, Ribatti D, Ibarra C, Joseph B, Taylor DA, Macchiarini P. Publisher Correction: Experimental orthotopic transplantation of a tissue-engineered oesophagus in rats. Nat Commun 2018; 9:16208. [PMID: 29633756 PMCID: PMC5898463 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4562.
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Bianco A, Del Gaudio C, Baiguera S, Armentano I, Bertarelli C, Dottori M, Bultrini G, Lucotti A, Kenny JM, Folin M. Microstructure and Cytocompatibility of Electrospun Nanocomposites Based on Poly(ɛ-Caprolactone) and Carbon Nanostructures. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139881003300502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanostructures (CNSs) are attractive and promising nanomaterials for the next generation of tissue engineering scaffolds, especially in neural prosthesis. Optimizing scaffold vascularization may be an important strategy to promote the repair of damaged brain tissue. In this context, the idea was to evaluate the cell response of electrospun nanohybrid scaffolds loaded with CNSs. Fibrous composites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and CNSs were fabricated by means of electrospinning technique. High-purity carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were studied. A detailed microstructural characterization was performed to evaluate the most favorable experimental conditions for the realization of fibrous PCL/CNS fabrics. Electrospun mats comprised of rather uniform and homogeneous submicrometric fibers were obtained starting from 1:1 v/v mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N,N dimethylformamide (DMF). In vitro cytocompatibility tests were performed using rat cerebro-microvascular endothelial cells (CECs). Acquired results showed an increased cell viability for PCL/CNS nanocomposites, suggesting these materials as a suitable environment for endothelial cells. These results are indicative of the promising potential of CNS-based nanocomposites in biomedical devices for tissue engineering applications where endothelial functional properties are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bianco
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, INSTM Research Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome - Italy
| | - Costantino Del Gaudio
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, INSTM Research Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome - Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Armentano
- Material Science and Technology Center, INSTM Research Unit, NIPLAB, University of Perugia, Terni - Italy
| | - Chiara Bertarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Milan Polytechnic University, Milan - Italy
- Center for Nano Science and Technology (CNST), Italian Institute of Technology, Milan Polytechnic University, Milan - Italy
| | - Mariaserena Dottori
- Material Science and Technology Center, INSTM Research Unit, NIPLAB, University of Perugia, Terni - Italy
- National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Material Science and Technology Center, University of Perugia, Terni - Italy
| | - Giorgio Bultrini
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, INSTM Research Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome - Italy
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Milan Polytechnic University, Milan - Italy
| | - Josè Maria Kenny
- Material Science and Technology Center, INSTM Research Unit, NIPLAB, University of Perugia, Terni - Italy
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (CSIC), Madrid - Spain
| | - Marcella Folin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua - Italy
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Sjöqvist S, Jungebluth P, Lim ML, Haag JC, Gustafsson Y, Lemon G, Baiguera S, Burguillos MA, Del Gaudio C, Rodriguez AB, Sotnichenko A, Kublickiene K, Ullman H, Kielstein H, Damberg P, Bianco A, Heuchel R, Zhao Y, Ribatti D, Ibarra C, Joseph B, Taylor DA, Macchiarini P. Editorial Expression of Concern: Experimental orthotopic transplantation of a tissue-engineered oesophagus in rats. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13310. [PMID: 27739427 PMCID: PMC5512775 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Jungebluth P, Haag JC, Lim ML, Sjöqvist S, Baiguera S, Gustafsson Y, Lemon G, Macchiarini P, Dienemann H. Generierung eines trachealen Grafts und klinischer Transfer From bench to bedside and back to bench. Zentralbl Chir 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1389311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lim ML, Ooi BNS, Jungebluth P, Sjöqvist S, Hultman I, Lemon G, Gustafsson Y, Asmundsson J, Baiguera S, Douagi I, Gilevich I, Popova A, Haag JC, Rodríguez AB, Lim J, Liedén A, Nordenskjöld M, Alici E, Baker D, Unger C, Luedde T, Vassiliev I, Inzunza J, Ährlund-Richter L, Macchiarini P. Characterization of stem-like cells in mucoepidermoid tracheal paediatric tumor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107712. [PMID: 25229469 PMCID: PMC4167860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells contribute to regeneration of tissues and organs. Cells with stem cell-like properties have been identified in tumors from a variety of origins, but to our knowledge there are yet no reports on tumor-related stem cells in the human upper respiratory tract. In the present study, we show that a tracheal mucoepidermoid tumor biopsy obtained from a 6 year-old patient contained a subpopulation of cells with morphology, clonogenicity and surface markers that overlapped with bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). These cells, designated as MEi (mesenchymal stem cell-like mucoepidermoid tumor) cells, could be differentiated towards mesenchymal lineages both with and without induction, and formed spheroids in vitro. The MEi cells shared several multipotent characteristics with BM-MSCs. However, they displayed differences to BM-MSCs in growth kinectics and gene expression profiles relating to cancer pathways and tube development. Despite this, the MEi cells did not possess in vivo tumor-initiating capacity, as proven by the absence of growth in situ after localized injection in immunocompromised mice. Our results provide an initial characterization of benign tracheal cancer-derived niche cells. We believe that this report could be of importance to further understand tracheal cancer initiation and progression as well as therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ling Lim
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Ear, Nose, Throat, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Philipp Jungebluth
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Ear, Nose, Throat, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Sjöqvist
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Ear, Nose, Throat, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabell Hultman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Greg Lemon
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Ear, Nose, Throat, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva Gustafsson
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Ear, Nose, Throat, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jurate Asmundsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Baiguera
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Ear, Nose, Throat, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iyadh Douagi
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina Gilevich
- International Scientific-Research Clinical and Educational Center of Regenerative Medicine, Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation
| | - Alina Popova
- International Scientific-Research Clinical and Educational Center of Regenerative Medicine, Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation
| | - Johannes Cornelius Haag
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Ear, Nose, Throat, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Beltrán Rodríguez
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Ear, Nose, Throat, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianri Lim
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Ear, Nose, Throat, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agne Liedén
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Nordenskjöld
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evren Alici
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Duncan Baker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Unger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan Vassiliev
- Robinson Institute, Center for Stem Cell Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jose Inzunza
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Ährlund-Richter
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Macchiarini
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Ear, Nose, Throat, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Baiguera S, Del Gaudio C, Kuevda E, Gonfiotti A, Bianco A, Macchiarini P. Dynamic decellularization and cross-linking of rat tracheal matrix. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6344-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Sjöqvist S, Jungebluth P, Lim ML, Haag JC, Gustafsson Y, Lemon G, Baiguera S, Burguillos MA, Del Gaudio C, Rodríguez AB, Sotnichenko A, Kublickiene K, Ullman H, Kielstein H, Damberg P, Bianco A, Heuchel R, Zhao Y, Ribatti D, Ibarra C, Joseph B, Taylor DA, Macchiarini P. Experimental orthotopic transplantation of a tissue-engineered oesophagus in rats. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3562. [PMID: 24736316 PMCID: PMC4354271 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A tissue-engineered oesophageal scaffold could be very useful for the treatment of pediatric and adult patients with benign or malignant diseases such as carcinomas, trauma or congenital malformations. Here we decellularize rat oesophagi inside a perfusion bioreactor to create biocompatible biological rat scaffolds that mimic native architecture, resist mechanical stress and induce angiogenesis. Seeded allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells spontaneously differentiate (proven by gene-, protein and functional evaluations) into epithelial- and muscle-like cells. The reseeded scaffolds are used to orthotopically replace the entire cervical oesophagus in immunocompetent rats. All animals survive the 14-day study period, with patent and functional grafts, and gain significantly more weight than sham-operated animals. Explanted grafts show regeneration of all the major cell and tissue components of the oesophagus including functional epithelium, muscle fibres, nerves and vasculature. We consider the presented tissue-engineered oesophageal scaffolds a significant step towards the clinical application of bioengineered oesophagi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Sjöqvist
- 1] Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp Jungebluth
- 1] Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mei Ling Lim
- 1] Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes C Haag
- 1] Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva Gustafsson
- 1] Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Greg Lemon
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Baiguera
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Costantino Del Gaudio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Intrauniversitary Consortium for Material Science and Technology (INSTM) Research Unit Tor Vergata, University of Rome, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Antonio Beltrán Rodríguez
- 1] Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Sotnichenko
- International Scientific-Research Clinical and Educational Center of Regenerative Medicine, Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar 350040, Russian Federation
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- 1] Center for Gender Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden [2] Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ullman
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heike Kielstein
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Peter Damberg
- Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC) Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Bianco
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Intrauniversitary Consortium for Material Science and Technology (INSTM) Research Unit Tor Vergata, University of Rome, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Rainer Heuchel
- 1] Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden [2] Center of Biosciences, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ying Zhao
- 1] Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden [2] Center of Biosciences, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, National Cancer Institute 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari 70121, Italy
| | - Cristián Ibarra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Doris A Taylor
- Texas Heart Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Houston, Texas 770-30, USA
| | - Paolo Macchiarini
- 1] Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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Ajalloueian F, Lim ML, Lemon G, Haag JC, Gustafsson Y, Sjöqvist S, Beltrán-Rodríguez A, Del Gaudio C, Baiguera S, Bianco A, Jungebluth P, Macchiarini P. Biomechanical and biocompatibility characteristics of electrospun polymeric tracheal scaffolds. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5307-5315. [PMID: 24703872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of tracheal scaffolds fabricated based on electrospinning technique by applying different ratios of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane (PU) is introduced here. Prior to clinical implantation, evaluations of biomechanical and morphological properties, as well as biocompatibility and cell adhesion verifications are required and extensively performed on each scaffold type. However, the need for bioreactors and large cell numbers may delay the verification process during the early assessment phase. Hence, we investigated the feasibility of performing biocompatibility verification using static instead of dynamic culture. We performed bioreactor seeding on 3-dimensional (3-D) tracheal scaffolds (PET/PU and PET) and correlated the quantitative and qualitative results with 2-dimensional (2-D) sheets seeded under static conditions. We found that an 8-fold reduction for 2-D static seeding density can essentially provide validation on the qualitative and quantitative evaluations for 3-D scaffolds. In vitro studies revealed that there was notably better cell attachment on PET sheets/scaffolds than with the polyblend. However, the in vivo outcomes of cell seeded PET/PU and PET scaffolds in an orthotopic transplantation model in rodents were similar. They showed that both the scaffold types satisfied biocompatibility requirements and integrated well with the adjacent tissue without any observation of necrosis within 30 days of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ajalloueian
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mei Ling Lim
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Greg Lemon
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes C Haag
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva Gustafsson
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Sjöqvist
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Beltrán-Rodríguez
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Costantino Del Gaudio
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Industrial Engineering, Intrauniversitary Consortium for Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Research Unit Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Baiguera
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Bianco
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Industrial Engineering, Intrauniversitary Consortium for Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Research Unit Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Philipp Jungebluth
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Macchiarini
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Gonfiotti A, Jaus MO, Barale D, Baiguera S, Comin C, Lavorini F, Fontana G, Sibila O, Rombolà G, Jungebluth P, Macchiarini P. The first tissue-engineered airway transplantation: 5-year follow-up results. Lancet 2014; 383:238-44. [PMID: 24161821 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2008, the first transplantation of a tissue-engineered trachea in a human being was done to replace an end-staged left main bronchus with malacia in a 30-year-old woman. We report 5 year follow-up results. METHODS The patient was followed up approximately every 3 months with multidetector CT scan and bronchoscopic assessment. We obtained mucosal biopsy samples every 6 months for histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopy assessment. We also assessed quality of life, respiratory function, cough reflex test, and production and specificity of recipient antibodies against donor human leucocyte antigen. FINDINGS By 12 months after transplantation, a progressive cicatricial stenosis had developed in the native trachea close to the tissue-engineered trachea anastomosis, which needed repeated endoluminal stenting. However, the tissue-engineered trachea itself remained open over its entire length, well vascularised, completely re-cellularised with respiratory epithelium, and had normal ciliary function and mucus clearance. Lung function and cough reflex were normal. No stem-cell-related teratoma formed and no anti-donor antibodies developed. Aside from intermittent bronchoscopic interventions, the patient had a normal social and working life. INTERPRETATION These clinical results provide evidence that a tissue-engineering strategy including decellularisation of a human trachea, autologous epithelial and stem-cell culture and differentiation, and cell-scaffold seeding with a bioreactor is safe and promising. FUNDING European Commission, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Swedish Research Council, ALF Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gonfiotti
- Department of General Thoracic and Regenerative Surgery, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo O Jaus
- Department of General Thoracic and Regenerative Surgery, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniel Barale
- Department of General Thoracic and Regenerative Surgery, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Baiguera
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Division of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Comin
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Lavorini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fontana
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Oriol Sibila
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giovanni Rombolà
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Philipp Jungebluth
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Division of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Macchiarini
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Division of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Baiguera S, Del Gaudio C, Lucatelli E, Kuevda E, Boieri M, Mazzanti B, Bianco A, Macchiarini P. Electrospun gelatin scaffolds incorporating rat decellularized brain extracellular matrix for neural tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2013; 35:1205-14. [PMID: 24215734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of an instructive bioabsorbable scaffold is one of the main goals for tissue engineering applications. In this regard, genipin cross-linked gelatin scaffolds, produced by electrospinning, were tested as a platform to include decellularized rat brain extracellular matrix as an active agent to provide fundamental biochemical cues to the seeded cells. This approach is expected to furnish a suitable natural-based polymeric scaffold with sufficient temporal stability to support cell attachment and spreading, also providing tissue-specific signals that can contribute to the expression of the requested cellular phenotype. We first demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed decellularization protocol and the cytocompatibility of the resulting brain matrix. Then, the in vitro biological assays of the conditioned electrospun scaffolds, using rat allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells, confirmed their biocompatibility and showed a differentiative potential in presence of just 1% w/w decellularized rat brain extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Baiguera
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Del Gaudio C, Baiguera S, Ajalloueian F, Bianco A, Macchiarini P. Are synthetic scaffolds suitable for the development of clinical tissue-engineered tubular organs? J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:2427-47. [PMID: 23894109 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of tissues and organs is currently the only available treatment for patients with end-stage diseases. However, its feasibility is limited by the chronic shortage of suitable donors, the need for life-long immunosuppression, and by socioeconomical and religious concerns. Recently, tissue engineering has garnered interest as a means to generate cell-seeded three-dimensional scaffolds that could replace diseased organs without requiring immunosuppression. Using a regenerative approach, scaffolds made by synthetic, nonimmunogenic, and biocompatible materials have been developed and successfully clinically implanted. This strategy, based on a viable and ready-to-use bioengineered scaffold, able to promote novel tissue formation, favoring cell adhesion and proliferation, could become a reliable alternative to allotransplatation in the next future. In this article, tissue-engineered synthetic substitutes for tubular organs (such as trachea, esophagus, bile ducts, and bowel) are reviewed, including a discussion on their morphological and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Del Gaudio
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Industrial Engineering, Intrauniversitary Consortium for Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Research Unit Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Del Gaudio C, Baiguera S, Boieri M, Mazzanti B, Ribatti D, Bianco A, Macchiarini P. Induction of angiogenesis using VEGF releasing genipin-crosslinked electrospun gelatin mats. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7754-65. [PMID: 23863451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and controlled vascularization of engineered tissues remains one of the key limitations in tissue engineering applications. This study investigates the possible use of natural extracellular matrix-like scaffolds made of gelatin loaded with human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as a bioresorbable platform for long-term release and consequent angiogenic boosting. For this aim, gelatin was firstly electrospun and then cross-linked at two different concentrations (0.1% and 0.5% w/v) by using genipin, a low toxic agent, in order to fabricate a suitable substrate to be loaded with VEGF. Collected fibers were homogeneous and free of beads, the fibrous structure was retained after cross-linking. Mechanical properties were deeply affected by the chemical treatment showing a different behavior, depending on the testing conditions (i.e., dry or wet state). VEGF release was assessed by means of ELISA assay: a cumulative release of about 90% (0.1% w/v) and 60% (0.5% w/v) at 28 days was measured. Both VEGF loaded mats induced cell viability, endothelial differentiation and showed chemoattractive properties when tested on human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). In vitro and in vivo angiogenic assays demonstrated that the VEGF loaded mats induced an angiogenic potential in stimulating new vessel formation similar, if not superior, to fresh VEGF. VEGF retains bioactive and pro-angiogenic potential for up to 14 days. The results demonstrated that genipin cross-linked electrospun gelatin mats loaded with VEGF could be part of a useful strategy to stimulate and induce angiogenesis in tissue engineered applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Del Gaudio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Intrauniversitary Consortium for Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Rome, Italy
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapeutic angiogenesis is a strategy of inducing new collateral vessels and stimulating new capillaries that enhance tissue oxygen exchange in ischemic cardiovascular disorders, including acute myocardial infarction, chronic cardiac ischemia, peripheral artery disease and stroke. AREAS COVERED Over the last 10 years, promising results of early clinical trials have generated great expectation on the potential of therapeutic angiogenesis. However, even if large randomized placebo-controlled and double-blinded Phase II clinical trials have confirmed the feasibility, safety and potential effectiveness of therapeutic angiogenesis, they provided very limited evidence of its efficacy in terms of clinical benefit. EXPERT OPINION Results of the latest trials on therapeutic angiogenesis have not provided satisfactory results. Much is still unknown about the optimal delivery of angiogenic factors. Trials using alternative growth factors, dose regimens and methods of delivery are needed to enhance the treatment benefit of therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- University of Bari Medical School, National Cancer Institute, Giovanni Paolo II, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Jungebluth P, Haag JC, Lim ML, Lemon G, Sjöqvist S, Gustafsson Y, Ajalloueian F, Gilevich I, Simonson OE, Grinnemo KH, Corbascio M, Baiguera S, Del Gaudio C, Strömblad S, Macchiarini P. Verification of cell viability in bioengineered tissues and organs before clinical transplantation. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4057-4067. [PMID: 23473965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The clinical outcome of transplantations of bioartificial tissues and organs depends on the presence of living cells. There are still no standard operative protocols that are simple, fast and reliable for confirming the presence of viable cells on bioartificial scaffolds prior to transplantation. By using mathematical modeling, we have developed a colorimetric-based system (colorimetric scale bar) to predict the cell viability and density for sufficient surface coverage. First, we refined a method which can provide information about cell viability and numbers in an in vitro setting: i) immunohistological staining by Phalloidin/DAPI and ii) a modified colorimetric cell viability assay. These laboratory-based methods and the developed colorimetric-based system were then validated in rat transplantation studies of unseeded and seeded tracheal grafts. This was done to provide critical information on whether the graft would be suitable for transplantation or if additional cell seeding was necessary. The potential clinical impact of the colorimetric scale bar was confirmed using patient samples. In conclusion, we have developed a robust, fast and reproducible colorimetric tool that can verify and warrant viability and integrity of an engineered tissue/organ prior to transplantation. This should facilitate a successful transplantation outcome and ensure patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jungebluth
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes C Haag
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mei L Lim
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Greg Lemon
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Sjöqvist
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva Gustafsson
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fatemeh Ajalloueian
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina Gilevich
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar E Simonson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl H Grinnemo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Corbascio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Baiguera
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Costantino Del Gaudio
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Industrial Engineering, Intrauniversitary Consortium for Material Science and Technology (INSTM), Research Unit "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Staffan Strömblad
- Center for Bioscience, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Macchiarini
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Del Gaudio C, Ercolani E, Galloni P, Santilli F, Baiguera S, Polizzi L, Bianco A. Aspirin-loaded electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) tubular scaffolds: potential small-diameter vascular grafts for thrombosis prevention. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2013; 24:523-532. [PMID: 23135411 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Thrombosis is the main cause of failure of small-diameter synthetic vascular grafts when used for by-pass procedures. The development of bioresorbable vascular scaffolds with localized and sustained intra-luminal antithrombotic drug release could be considered a desirable improvement towards a valuable solution for this relevant clinical need. For this aim, we present the fabrication and characterization of aspirin-loaded electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) tubular scaffolds as a vascular drug-delivery graft. Three different drug concentrations were considered (i.e., 1, 5 or 10 % w/w). Although a fibrous structure was clearly observed for all the collected scaffolds, aspirin content was directly implied in the final microstructure leading to a bimodal fiber diameter distribution and fused fibers at crossing-points (5 or 10 % w/w). Mechanical response highlighted a direct relationship for modulus and stress at break with the aspirin content, while the elongation at break was not remarkably different for the investigated cases. The temporal drug release was strongly dependent from the amount of loaded aspirin, reaching a steady state release after about 50 h. Finally, the adhesion assay confirmed the capability of the electrospun scaffolds to reduce platelet adhesion/aggregation onto aspirin loaded polymeric fibers. Aspirin-loaded electrospun tubular scaffold could represent a feasible candidate to develop a novel bioresorbable drug-releasing graft for small-diameter vessel replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Del Gaudio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", INSTM Research Unit Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Gustafsson Y, Haag J, Jungebluth P, Lundin V, Lim ML, Baiguera S, Ajalloueian F, Del Gaudio C, Bianco A, Moll G, Sjöqvist S, Lemon G, Teixeira AI, Macchiarini P. Viability and proliferation of rat MSCs on adhesion protein-modified PET and PU scaffolds. Biomaterials 2012; 33:8094-103. [PMID: 22901964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In 2011, the first in-man successful transplantation of a tissue engineered trachea-bronchial graft, using a synthetic POSS-PCU nanocomposite construct seeded with autologous stem cells, was performed. To further improve this technology, we investigated the feasibility of using polymers with a three dimensional structure more closely mimicking the morphology and size scale of native extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers. We therefore investigated the in vitro biocompatibility of electrospun polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane (PU) scaffolds, and determined the effects on cell attachment by conditioning the fibers with adhesion proteins. Rat mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were seeded on either PET or PU fiber-layered culture plates coated with laminin, collagen I, fibronectin, poly-D-lysine or gelatin. Cell density, proliferation, viability, morphology and mRNA expression were evaluated. MSC cultures on PET and PU resulted in similar cell densities and amounts of proliferating cells, with retained MSC phenotype compared to data obtained from tissue culture plate cultures. Coating the scaffolds with adhesion proteins did not increase cell density or cell proliferation. Our data suggest that both PET and PU mats, matching the dimensions of ECM fibers, are biomimetic scaffolds and, because of their high surface area-to-volume provided by the electrospinning procedure, makes them per se suitable for cell attachment and proliferation without any additional coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Gustafsson
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Di Liddo R, Dalzoppo D, Baiguera S, Conconi MT, Dettin M, Parnigotto PP, Grandi C. In vitro biological activity of bovine milk ribonuclease-4. Mol Med Rep 2012; 3:127-32. [PMID: 21472211 DOI: 10.3892/mmr_00000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Several members of the ribonuclease superfamily possess a variety of interesting biological properties, including ribonucleolytic, angiogenic, antiproliferative, cytotoxic, embryotoxic, aspermatogenic and antitumoral activity. In this study, we report the purification from bovine milk of a protein with structural and enzymatic properties very similar to those of ribonuclease-4 (RNase-4), which is normally present in the liver and lungs, and examined its functional properties, biological activity and cytotoxic effects. RNase-4, at physiological concentrations, had a positive effect on the vitality and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Moreover, it induced an increase in cellular migration and the formation of in vitro capillary-like structures. We also evaluated the effect of RNase-4 in vitro on human breast, colorectal and cervical carcinoma cell lines. The protein was revealed to have a cytotoxic effect similar to that of RNase-A. We suggest that the positive effects of RNase-4 on normal cells were due to its particularly close interaction with RNase inhibitor, while good conformational stability and resistance to proteolytic degradation potentially favour ribonuclease cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35128 Padova, Italy
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Gonfiotti A, Jaus MO, Barale D, Baiguera S, Polizzi L, Jungebluth P, Paoletti M, Pistolesi M, Macchiarini P. RETRACTED: Development and Validation of a New Outcome Score in Subglottic Stenosis. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 94:1065-71; discussion 1071-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
One of the main limitation in obtaining thick, 3-dimensional viable engineered constructs is the inability to provide a sufficient and functional blood vessel system essential for the in vitro survival and the in vivo integration of the construct. Different strategies have been proposed to simulate the ingrowth of new blood vessels into engineered tissue, such as the use of growth factors, fabrication scaffold technologies, in vivo prevascularization and cell-based strategies, and it has been demonstrated that endothelial cells play a central role in the neovascularization process and in the control of blood vessel function. In particular, different "environmental" settings (origin, presence of supporting cells, biomaterial surface, presence of hemodynamic forces) strongly influence endothelial cell function, angiogenic potential and the in vivo formation of durable vessels. This review provides an overview of the different techniques developed so far for the vascularization of tissue-engineered constructs (with their advantages and pitfalls), focusing the attention on the recent development in the cell-based vascularization strategy and the in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Baiguera
- BIOAIRLab, European Center for Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy.
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Baiguera S, Macchiarini P, Ribatti D. Chorioallantoic membrane for in vivo investigation of tissue-engineered construct biocompatibility. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100:1425-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), a rare heterogeneous subset of pluripotent stromal cells that can be easily isolated from different adult tissues, in vitro expanded and differentiated into multiple lineages, are immune privileged and, more important, display immunomodulatory capacities. Because of this, they are the preferred cell source in tissue-engineered replacements, not only in autogeneic conditions, where they do not evoke any immune response, but especially in the setting of allogeneic organ and tissue replacements. However, more preclinical and clinical studies are requested to completely understand MSC's immune biology and possible clinical applications. We herein review the immunogenicity and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, their possible mechanisms and potential clinical use for tissue-engineered organ and tissue replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Baiguera
- BIOAIRlab, European Center of Thoracic Research (CERT), University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
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Jungebluth P, Alici E, Baiguera S, Blomberg P, Bozóky B, Crowley C, Einarsson O, Gudbjartsson T, Le Guyader S, Henriksson G, Hermanson O, Juto JE, Leidner B, Lilja T, Liska J, Luedde T, Lundin V, Moll G, Roderburg C, Strömblad S, Sutlu T, Watz E, Seifalian A, Macchiarini P. Tracheobronchial transplantation with a stem-cell-seeded bioartificial nanocomposite: a proof-of-concept study. Lancet 2011; 378:1997-2004. [PMID: 22119609 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tracheal tumours can be surgically resected but most are an inoperable size at the time of diagnosis; therefore, new therapeutic options are needed. We report the clinical transplantation of the tracheobronchial airway with a stem-cell-seeded bioartificial nanocomposite. METHODS A 36-year-old male patient, previously treated with debulking surgery and radiation therapy, presented with recurrent primary cancer of the distal trachea and main bronchi. After complete tumour resection, the airway was replaced with a tailored bioartificial nanocomposite previously seeded with autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cells via a bioreactor for 36 h. Postoperative granulocyte colony-stimulating factor filgrastim (10 μg/kg) and epoetin beta (40,000 UI) were given over 14 days. We undertook flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy epigenetics, multiplex, miRNA, and gene expression analyses. FINDINGS We noted an extracellular matrix-like coating and proliferating cells including a CD105+ subpopulation in the scaffold after the reseeding and bioreactor process. There were no major complications, and the patient was asymptomatic and tumour free 5 months after transplantation. The bioartificial nanocomposite has patent anastomoses, lined with a vascularised neomucosa, and was partly covered by nearly healthy epithelium. Postoperatively, we detected a mobilisation of peripheral cells displaying increased mesenchymal stromal cell phenotype, and upregulation of epoetin receptors, antiapoptotic genes, and miR-34 and miR-449 biomarkers. These findings, together with increased levels of regenerative-associated plasma factors, strongly suggest stem-cell homing and cell-mediated wound repair, extracellular matrix remodelling, and neovascularisation of the graft. INTERPRETATION Tailor-made bioartificial scaffolds can be used to replace complex airway defects. The bioreactor reseeding process and pharmacological-induced site-specific and graft-specific regeneration and tissue protection are key factors for successful clinical outcome. FUNDING European Commission, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Swedish Research Council, StratRegen, Vinnova Foundation, Radiumhemmet, Clinigene EU Network of Excellence, Swedish Cancer Society, Centre for Biosciences (The Live Cell imaging Unit), and UCL Business.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jungebluth
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evren Alici
- Cell and Gene Therapy Centre, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Baiguera
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Blomberg
- Vecura, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Béla Bozóky
- Division of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire Crowley
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oskar Einarsson
- Department of Pulmonology, Landspitali University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tomas Gudbjartsson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sylvie Le Guyader
- Center for Biosciences, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gert Henriksson
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Erik Juto
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bertil Leidner
- Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Radiology (Huddinge), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Lilja
- Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Liska
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine 3, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Lundin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guido Moll
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Staffan Strömblad
- Center for Biosciences, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tolga Sutlu
- Cell and Gene Therapy Centre, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Watz
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Macchiarini
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; European Airway Institute, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Haag J, Baiguera S, Jungebluth P, Barale D, Del Gaudio C, Castiglione F, Bianco A, Comin CE, Ribatti D, Macchiarini P. Biomechanical and angiogenic properties of tissue-engineered rat trachea using genipin cross-linked decellularized tissue. Biomaterials 2011; 33:780-9. [PMID: 22027598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the obtainment and characterization of decellularized rat tracheal grafts are described. The detergent-enzymatic method, already used to develop bioengineered pig and human trachea scaffolds, has been applied to rat tracheae in order to obtain airway grafts suitable to be used to improve our knowledge on the process of tissue-engineered airway transplantation and regeneration. The results demonstrated that, after 9 detergent-enzymatic cycles, almost complete decellularized tracheae, retaining the hierarchical and mechanical properties of the native tissues with strong in vivo angiogenic characteristics, could be obtained. Moreover, to improve the mechanical properties of decellularized tracheae, genipin is here considered as a naturally derived cross-linking agent. The results demonstrated that the treatment increased mechanical properties, in term of secant modulus, without neither altering the pro-angiogenic properties of decellularized airway matrices or eliciting an in vivo inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Haag
- BIOAIRLab, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
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29
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Grandi C, Baiguera S, Martorina F, Lora S, Amistà P, Dalzoppo D, Del Gaudio C, Bianco A, Di Liddo R, Conconi MT, Parnigotto PP. Decellularized bovine reinforced vessels for small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts. Int J Mol Med 2011; 28:315-25. [PMID: 21667016 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2011.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of a decellularization protocol on the structure and the mechanical behavior of small-diameter (<6 mm) tibial calf arteries and veins. Calf vessels were decellularized by a detergent-enzymatic method (DEM), partially hydrolyzed with trypsin and subsequently cross-linked using poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether. Our results showed that i) the DEM can be considered a simple and valuable procedure for the preparation of complete acellular arteries and veins able to preserve a high degree of collagen and elastic fibers, and ii) poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether cross-linking treatment provides appropriate mechanical reinforcement of blood vessels. Histologically, the decellularized vessels were obtained employing the detergent-enzymatic procedure and their native extracellular matrix histoarchitecture and components remained well preserved. Moreover, the decellularization protocol can be considered an effective method to remove HLA class I antigen expression from small-diameter tibial calf arteries and veins. Cytocompatibility of decellularized cross-linked vessels was evaluated by endothelial and smooth muscle cell seeding on luminal and adventitial vessel surfaces, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Grandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
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Baiguera S, Jungebluth P, Burns A, Mavilia C, Haag J, De Coppi P, Macchiarini P. Tissue engineered human tracheas for in vivo implantation. Biomaterials 2010; 31:8931-8. [PMID: 20800273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Two years ago we performed the first clinical successful transplantation of a fully tissue engineered trachea. Despite the clinically positive outcome, the graft production took almost 3 months, a not feasible period of time for patients with the need of an urgent transplantation. We have then improved decellularization process and herein, for the first time, we completely describe and characterize the obtainment of human tracheal bioactive supports. Histological and molecular biology analysis demonstrated that all cellular components and nuclear material were removed and quantitative PCR confirmed it. SEM analysis revealed that the decellularized matrices retained the hierarchical structures of native trachea, and biomechanical tests showed that decellularization approach did not led to any influence on tracheal morphological and mechanical properties. Moreover immunohistological staining showed the preservation of angiogenic factors and angiogenic assays demonstrated that acellular human tracheal scaffolds exert an in vitro chemo-active action and induce strong in vivo angiogenic response (CAM analysis). We are now able to obtained, in a short and clinically useful time (approximately 3 weeks), a bioengineered trachea that is structurally and mechanically similar to native trachea, which exert chemotactive and pro-angiogenic properties and which could be successfully used for clinical tissue engineered airway clinical replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Baiguera
- BIOAIR Lab, Department of General Thoracic and Regenerative Surgery and Intrathoracic Biotransplantation University Hospital Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, I-50134 Florence, Italy
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Kalathur M, Baiguera S, Macchiarini P. Translating tissue-engineered tracheal replacement from bench to bedside. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:4185-96. [PMID: 20730554 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There are a variety of airway diseases with different clinical settings, which may extend from a surgical approach to total organ replacement. Tissue engineering involves modifying cells or tissues in order to repair, regenerate, or replace tissue in the body and seems to be a promising approach for airway replacement. The successful implantation of stem-cell-based tissue-engineered trachea in a young woman with end-stage post-tuberculosis left main bronchus collapse serves as a prototype for the airway tissue-engineered-based approach. The trachea indeed could represent a perfect model system to investigate the translational aspects of tissue engineering, largely due to its low-oxygen needs. This review highlights the anatomy of the airways, the various disease conditions that cause damage to the airways, elaborates on the essential components of the tissue-engineering approach, and discusses the success of the revolutionary trachea transplantation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Kalathur
- BIOAIR Lab, Department of General Thoracic and Regenerative Surgery and Intrathoracic Biotransplantation, University Hospital Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
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Bianco A, Del Gaudio C, Baiguera S, Armentano I, Bertarelli C, Dottori M, Bultrini G, Lucotti A, Kenny JM, Folin M. Microstructure and cytocompatibility of electrospun nanocomposites based on poly(epsilon-caprolactone) and carbon nanostructures. Int J Artif Organs 2010; 33:271-282. [PMID: 20593348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanostructures (CNSs) are attractive and promising nanomaterials for the next generation of tissue engineering scaffolds, especially in neural prosthesis. Optimizing scaffold vascularization may be an important strategy to promote the repair of damaged brain tissue. In this context, the idea was to evaluate the cell response of electrospun nanohybrid scaffolds loaded with CNSs. Fibrous composites based on poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and CNSs were fabricated by means of electrospinning technique. High-purity carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were studied. A detailed microstructural characterization was performed to evaluate the most favorable experimental conditions for the realization of fibrous PCL/CNS fabrics. Electrospun mats comprised of rather uniform and homogeneous submicrometric fibers were obtained starting from 1:1 v/v mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N,N dimethylformamide (DMF). In vitro cytocompatibility tests were performed using rat cerebro-microvascular endothelial cells (CECs). Acquired results showed an increased cell viability for PCL/CNS nanocomposites, suggesting these materials as a suitable environment for endothelial cells. These results are indicative of the promising potential of CNS-based nanocomposites in biomedical devices for tissue engineering applications where endothelial functional properties are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bianco
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, INSTM Research Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Baiguera S, Del Gaudio C, Fioravanzo L, Bianco A, Grigioni M, Folin M. In vitro astrocyte and cerebral endothelial cell response to electrospun poly(epsilon-caprolactone) mats of different architecture. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2010; 21:1353-1362. [PMID: 19957022 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the evaluation of the potential use of electrospun poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) micrometric and/or sub-micrometric fibrous membranes for rat hippocampal astrocyte (HA) and rat cerebro-microvascular endothelial cell (CEC) cultures. Both mats supported cell adhesion, proliferation, cellular phenotype and spreading. Microfibrous mats allowed cellular infiltration, while both HAs and CECs were unable to migrate within the sub-micrometric fibrous mat, leaving an acellularized inner region. This finding was correlated to the presence of larger voids within electrospun PCL microfibrous mats, suggesting that the morphology should be accurately selected for the realization of a cell environment-mimicking mat. Based on our results, the proper fiber architecture can be regarded as a crucial issue to be considered in order to deal with suitable polymeric mats tailored for specific in vitro application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Baiguera
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
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De Carlo E, Baiguera S, Conconi MT, Vigolo S, Grandi C, Lora S, Martini C, Maffei P, Tamagno G, Vettor R, Sicolo N, Parnigotto PP. Pancreatic acellular matrix supports islet survival and function in a synthetic tubular device: in vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Mol Med 2010; 25:195-202. [PMID: 20043127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing pancreatic islet survival and function is a starting point for obtaining a valuable bioartificial pancreas for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. In this context, decellularized matrices, obtained after the removal of tissue cellular part, are known to support in vitro adhesion, growth, and function of several cell types. We demonstrate that a homologous acellular pancreatic matrix is a suitable scaffold for rat islet cultures maintaining their long-term viability and function. Islets adhered to the pancreatic matrix showed a constant glucose-induced insulin release during long-term in vitro incubation, while islets cultured without a matrix or on the liver matrix showed a progressive reduction. In order to obtain implantable devices, acellular matrix/islet cultures were entrapped into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/ poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) tubes obtained by the freezing/thawing procedure. Under this condition, an in vitro constant insulin release was detected. The devices were then implanted into diabetic rats where reduced insulin requirement was noted suggesting insulin secretory activity of islets contained in the device. Indeed, immunofluorescence confirmed the presence of insulin- and glucagon-producing cells into the explanted devices. These data show that PVA/PEG semi-permeable membrane can obtain devices that restore, at least in part, insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Carlo
- Clinica Medica III, Hospital/University of Padova, I-35128 Padova, Italy.
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De Angeli S, Baiguera S, Del Pup L, Pavan E, Gajo GB, Di Liddo R, Conconi MT, Grandi C, Schiavon O, Parnigotto PP. Middle-term expansion of hematopoietic cord blood cells with new human stromal cell line feeder-layers and different cytokine cocktails. Int J Mol Med 2009; 24:837-45. [PMID: 19885627 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm_00000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) is a source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and is an alternative to bone marrow for allogenic transplantation in patients with hematological disorders. The improvement of HSC in vitro expansion is one of the main challenges in cell therapy. Stromal components and soluble factors, such as cytokines, can be useful to induce in vitro cell expansion. Hence, we investigated whether feeder-layers from new stromal cell lines and different exogenous cytokine cocktails induce HSC expansion in middle-term cultures. CB HSC middle-term expansion was carried out in co-cultures on different feeder-layers exposed to three different cytokine cocktails. CB HSC expansion was also carried out in stroma-free cultures in the presence of different cytokine cocktails. Clonogenic tests were performed, and cell growth levels were evaluated. Moreover, the presence of VCAM-1 mRNA was assessed, and the mesenchymal cell-like phenotype expression was detected. All feeder-layers were able to induce a significant clonogenic growth with respect to the control culture, and all of the cytokine cocktails induced a significant increase in CB cell expansion indexes, even though no potential variation dependent on their composition was noted. The modulative effects of the different cocktails, exerted on each cell line used, was dependent on their composition. Finally, all cell lines were positive for CD73, CD117 and CD309, similar to mesenchymal stem cells present in adult bone marrow and in other human tissues, and negative for the hematopoietic markers. These data indicate that our cell lines have, not only a stromal cell-like phenotype, but also a mesenchymal cell-like phenotype, and they have the potential to support in vitro expansion of CB HSCs. Moreover, exogenous cytokines can be used in synergism with feeder-layers to improve the expansion levels of CB HSCs in preparation for their clinical use in allogenic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S De Angeli
- Treviso Cord Blood Bank and Hematopoietic Cell Culture Laboratory, Transfusional Center, Treviso Regional Hospital, I-31100 Treviso, Italy.
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Baiguera S, Fioravanzo L, Grandi C, Di Liddo R, Parnigotto PP, Folin M. Involvement of the receptor for advanced glycation-end products (RAGE) in beta-amyloid-induced toxic effects in rat cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells cultured in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2009; 24:9-15. [PMID: 19513528 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm_00000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To ascertain whether the potential biological effects of beta amyloid (betaA) on the endothelium are partly mediated by the receptor for advanced glycation-end products (RAGE), we performed a series of experiments which analyzed the effects of the betaA(1-42) peptide on in vitro cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells (CECs). Our results suggest that RAGE is directly responsible for betaA(1-42) actions on CECs, such as its toxic effect on cell survival, viability and angiogenic capability. We observed that a 6-h incubation period exposing CECs to betaA(1-42) increased the extracellular levels of nitrite. Furthermore, the presence of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, was able to enhance CEC survival and viability. Immunocytochemical analyses demonstrated that the peptide induced expression of the inducible form of NOS, iNOS, typically synthesized in response to immune/inflammatory stimuli. Upon blocking the interaction of betaA(1-42) and RAGE, we observed significantly decreased levels of NO and suppression of iNOS immunoreactivity. In conclusion, our data suggest the involvement of RAGE, at least partly, in mediating the effects of betaA(1-42) on CECs. In particular, the decrease of in vitro cell viability and functionality and nitrosative stress activation was inhibited by blocking betaA(1-42)-RAGE interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Baiguera
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, I-35121 Padua, Italy
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Del Gaudio C, Bianco A, Folin M, Baiguera S, Grigioni M. Structural characterization and cell response evaluation of electrospun PCL membranes: Micrometric versus submicrometric fibers. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 89:1028-39. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Carampin P, Conconi MT, Lora S, Menti AM, Baiguera S, Bellini S, Grandi C, Parnigotto PP. Electrospun polyphosphazene nanofibers forin vitro rat endothelial cells proliferation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 80:661-8. [PMID: 17051540 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A large variety of natural and synthetic polymers have been explored as scaffolds for the seeding and growth of different types of cells. To fabricate a scaffold that can be used as a synthetic extracellular matrix (ECM), it is important to replicate the nanoscale dimensions of natural ECM. The electrospinning process allows to produce ultrathin fibers so that this method represents a suitable approach to scaffold fabrication for tissue engineering applications. In this work, the feasibility of obtaining flat or tubular matrices from biocompatible poly[(ethyl phenylalanato)(1.4) (ethyl glycinato)(0.6) phosphazene] by electrospinning was evaluated and the effect of process parameters on the diameter of nanofibers was examined. The adhesion and growth of rat neuromicrovascular endothelial cells cultured on sheets and tubes composed by the polymer with an average fiber diameter of 850 +/- 150 nm were also reported. Microscopic examination of the seeded tubes demonstrated that, after 16 days of incubation, endothelial cells formed a monolayer on the whole surface. These results are the first step to demonstrate that tubes of biodegradable polyphosphazenes might be a feasible model to construct human tissues such as vessels or cardiac valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Carampin
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, ISOF, C.N.R., Viale dell'Università,2, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Drago D, Folin M, Baiguera S, Tognon G, Ricchelli F, Zatta P. Comparative Effects of Aβ(1-42)-Al Complex from Rat and Human Amyloid on Rat Endothelial Cell Cultures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 11:33-44. [PMID: 17361033 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2007-11107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions are widely recognized as a key factor for the conformational changes and aggregation of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid (Abeta). So far Al(3+) has received much less attention than other biometals in terms of interaction with Abeta. Brain endothelial cells have been identified as important regulators of the neuronal microenvironment, including Abeta levels. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of the complex amyloid (Abeta(1-42))-Al, from human and rat, with the effects produced by metal-free Abeta on rat neuroendothelial cells (NECs). To establish Abeta and Abeta-Al toxicity on NECs, survival, vitality, and angiogenesis are evaluated. Cell survival is reduced by human and rat Abeta in a time-dependent manner. This toxic effect is remarkably pronounced in the presence of human Abeta-Al. Moreover, rat Abeta has anti-angiogenic properties on NECs, and this effect is aggravated dramatically by using both human and rat Abeta-Al complexes. The data and arguments presented herein clearly demonstrate the involvement of Al(3+) in Abeta aggregation and, consequently, increasing endothelial cell toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Drago
- CNR-Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Padova Unit Metalloproteins, Italy
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Folin M, Baiguera S, Guidolin D, Di Liddo R, Grandi C, De Carlo E, Nussdorfer G, Parnigotto P. Apolipoprotein-E modulates the cytotoxic effect of β-amyloid on rat brain endothelium in an isoform-dependent specific manner. Int J Mol Med 2006. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.17.5.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Folin M, Baiguera S, Guidolin D, Di Liddo R, Grandi C, De Carlo E, Nussdorfer GG, Parnigotto PP. Apolipoprotein-E modulates the cytotoxic effect of beta-amyloid on rat brain endothelium in an isoform-dependent specific manner. Int J Mol Med 2006; 17:821-6. [PMID: 16596266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies support the hypothesis that apolipoprotein-E (ApoE) acts as a pathological chaperone protein that promotes the beta-plated sheet conformation of beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides into amyloid fibers. In vitro evidence is also available that ApoE inhibits the neurotoxic effect of Abeta in an allele-specific manner (E2 > or = E3 > E4). We have recently shown that Abeta peptides exert a time- and concentration-dependent toxic effect on rat neuromicrovascular endothelial cells (NECs), and this study aimed to ascertain whether ApoE isoforms are able to modulate this effect. ApoE2 and ApoE4 decreased and increased, respectively, the cytotoxic effect of Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42) on NECs, as evaluated by their survival and viability rates. The toxic effect of both Abeta peptides and ApoE4 was associated with the rise in the necrosis rate of NECs within a 24-h incubation period. Moreover, ApoE2 prevented and ApoE4 magnified the inhibitory effect of Abeta on the capability of NECs cultured on Matrigel to form a capillary-like network. The opposite effects of ApoE isoforms could be due to their different interactions with the C-terminal domain of Abeta. ApoE2, at variance with ApoE4, is thought to form sodium dodecyl sulphate-stable complexes with Abeta and, as a consequence, it could block the interactions of the non-fibrillar Abeta peptide with the plasma membrane, Abeta peptide aggregation and the ensuing cytotoxicity. Collectively, our findings confirm the view that ApoE plays a relevant role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Folin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, I-35121 Padua, Italy.
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Folin M, Baiguera S, Fioravanzo L, Conconi M, Grandi C, Nussdorfer G, Parnigotto P. Caspase-8 activation and oxidative stress are involved in the cytotoxic effect of β-amyloid on rat brain microvascular endothelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2006. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.17.3.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Folin M, Baiguera S, Fioravanzo L, Conconi MT, Grandi C, Nussdorfer GG, Parnigotto PP. Caspase-8 activation and oxidative stress are involved in the cytotoxic effect of beta-amyloid on rat brain microvascular endothelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2006; 17:431-5. [PMID: 16465389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that cerebrovascular dysfunction and damage play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). In fact, beta-amyloid peptides (Abetas), the major component of the senile plaques and cerebrovascular amyloid deposits in AD, were shown to be cytotoxic to endothelial cells. We have recently observed that Abetas exert a toxic effect on neuromicrovascular endothelial cells (NECs) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, apoptosis playing a pivotal role in this process. Hence, it seemed worthwhile to investigate the Abeta-mediated apoptosis mechanism in NECs. Abetas were found to induce, after a short incubation period, apoptosis throughout caspase-8 activation. Moreover, Abetas elicited a highly significant (p < 0.001) increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels after a 3-h exposure period, while SOD concentration was not affected after a 24-h incubation. The time-dependent increase in SOD concentration is probably correlated with the production of an excess of reactive oxygen species. Collectively, our findings allow us to conclude that: i) Abetas may induce apoptosis via the activation of caspase-8, presumably by cross-linking and activating receptors of the death-receptor family; ii) oxidative stress is possibly involved in the Abeta-induced cytotoxic effect; and iii) these two mechanisms do not act sequentially but, probably, are independent of each other.
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Folin M, Baiguera S, Gallucci M, Conconi MT, Di Liddo R, Zanardo A, Parnigotto PP. A Cross-sectional Study of Homocysteine-, NO-levels, and CT-findings in Alzheimer Dementia, Vascular Dementia and Controls. Biogerontology 2005; 6:255-60. [PMID: 16333759 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-005-2622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Accepted: 05/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive measurement with neuroimaging techniques could be useful instruments permitting to differentiate between Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). The major genetic risk factor for the development of late-onset AD is the allele epsilon4 of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Moreover nitric oxide (NO) and homocysteine (Hcy) seems to be correlated with the degree of cognitive impairment in demented subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum NO and Hcy levels, global brain atrophy and brain vascular lesion in AD and VD patients. We report that high plasma levels of homocysteine resulted associated with AD and VD, suggesting that in AD elevated plasma Hcy might be a consequence of concomitant vascular dementia. Otherwise, plasma NO levels were not significantly different in any of the groups. Moreover, neuroimaging measures of vascular lesion level could be of usefulness to differentiate between AD and VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Folin
- Departments of Biology, University of Padua, I-35121 Padua, Italy.
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Folin M, Baiguera S, Tommasini M, Guidolin D, Conconi MT, De Carlo E, Nussdorfer GG, Parnigotto PP. Effects of beta-amyloid on rat neuromicrovascular endothelial cells cultured in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2005; 15:929-35. [PMID: 15870895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that beta-amyloid (beta A) deposits are associated with damage of cerebral vessels and that in Alzheimer's disease (AD) beta A peptides are cytotoxic for cerebral endothelial cells (ECs). However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying these effects of beta A peptides. Hence, we have investigated the effects of beta A(1-40) and beta A(1-42) on rat neuromicrovascular ECs (NECs) cultured in vitro. NECs were isolated, plated (1.5x10(4) cells/cm2) on collagen/fibronectin-coated Petri dishes and cultured in EC growth medium MV2. After 24 h of culture, NECs were incubated with beta A(1-40) and beta A(1-42) (10(-9) or 10(-7) M) and cultured for another 3, 24 or 48 h. Cell viability was assayed by either trypan blue exclusion or by measuring redox activity (MTS assay). Cell proliferation was assessed by measuring the incorporation of 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine into DNA, cell apoptosis by TUNEL assay and cell necrosis by evaluating the release of lactate dehydrogenase. The morphology of cultured NECs was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Other NECs were plated (2.5x10(4) cells/cm2) on Matrigel coated-wells and incubated for 18 h in the presence or absence of beta A peptides for in vitro angiogenesis assay. Beta A peptides significantly decreased NEC viability and enhanced cell apoptosis and necrosis rates. NEC proliferation was not significantly affected. The effects were seen after an incubation period of 3 h (and also 24 h in the case of the redox activity) but not 48 h and beta A(1-42) was much more effective in its toxic effects than beta A(1-40). NECs incubated for 24 h with beta A peptides displayed ultrastructural signs of cell degeneration. beta A peptides prevented NECs cultured on Matrigel to form a capillary-like network and image analysis showed that the downloading of dimensional and topological parameters of the meshwork was significant only in the case of the incubation with beta A(1-42). Collectively our findings allow us to conclude that i) beta A peptides exert a marked toxic effect on cultured NECs, which conceivably reduces their in vitro angiogenic activity; ii) beta A(1-42) is the more toxic form, which could suggest its main role in the pathogenesis of cerebral vessel lesions in AD and iii) the maximum toxic action occurs after a short incubation period, which could be explained by assuming that beta A peptides are unable to accumulate in NECs due to their rapid degradation, thereby allowing NECs to fully recover within 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Folin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua I-35121, Italy
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Folin M, Baiguera S, Tommasini M, Guidolin D, Conconi M, De Carlo E, Nussdorfer G, Parnigotto P. Effects of β-amyloid on rat neuromicrovascular endothelial cells cultured in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2005. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.15.6.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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48
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Conconi MT, Lora S, Baiguera S, Boscolo E, Folin M, Scienza R, Rebuffat P, Parnigotto PP, Nussdorfer GG. In vitro culture of rat neuromicrovascular endothelial cells on polymeric scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2005; 71:669-74. [PMID: 15499589 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Polyphosphazenes are polymers possessing a skeleton composed of alternating phosphorous and nitrogen atoms, and two side-moieties linked to each phosphorous atom. Polyphosphazenes with amino acid esters as side-moieties are biocompatible and biodegradable polymers. Two polyphosphazenes, poly[bis(ethyl alanate) phosphazene] and poly[(ethyl phenylalanate)0.8(ethyl alanate)0.8(ethyl glycinate)0.4 phosphazene] (PPAGP) were synthesized, and processed to form small fibers. Their ability to support rat neuromicrovascular endothelial cell (EC) adhesion and growth has been studied, using poly(D,L-lactic acid) as reference compound. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that both poly[bis(ethyl alanate) phosphazene] and PPAGP fibers were thinner than poly(D,L-lactic acid) fibers, and possessed a more irregular and porous surface. All polymers increased EC adhesion, compared with polystyrene, but only polyphosphazenes were able to improve EC growth. The highest increase in EC proliferation was induced by PPAGP, which, as revealed by environmental scanning electron microscopy, was also able to induce ECs to arrange into tubular structures. The conclusion is drawn that PPAGP may provide the best scaffold for engineered blood vessels, because it promotes adhesion, growth, and organization of ECs into capillary-like structures.
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Conconi MT, Nico B, Guidolin D, Baiguera S, Spinazzi R, Rebuffat P, Malendowicz LK, Vacca A, Carraro G, Parnigotto PP, Nussdorfer GG, Ribatti D. Ghrelin inhibits FGF-2-mediated angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Peptides 2004; 25:2179-85. [PMID: 15572208 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2004.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2004] [Revised: 08/06/2004] [Accepted: 08/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that ghrelin, an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), is highly expressed in the cardiovascular system, and in this study we addressed the possibility that ghrelin may affect angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) express ghrelin and GHS-R mRNAs. Ghrelin inhibited FGF-2-induced proliferation of HUVECs cultured in vitro, the maximal effective concentration being 10(-8) M, and this effect was annulled by the GHS-R antagonist D-Lys3-growth hormone releasing peptide-6. FGF-2 stimulated HUVEC cultured on Matrigel to form capillary-like structures, and ghrelin (10(-8) M) suppressed this effect. In the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane in vivo assay, FGF-2 induced a strong angiogenic response, which was counteracted by ghrelin (500 ng). Taken together, these findings suggest that ghrelin acts as an angiostatic molecule and indicate that its activity is comparable to that of a well-known angiostatic agent, i.e., vinblastine. The antiangiogenic activity of ghrelin deserves further investigations, alone or together with other antiangiogenic agents, for the treatment of pathological conditions characterized by enhanced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Conconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, I-35121 Padua, Italy
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Baiguera S, Conconi MT, Guidolin D, Mazzocchi G, Malendowicz LK, Parnigotto PP, Spinazzi R, Nussdorfer GG. Ghrelin inhibits in vitro angiogenic activity of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2004; 14:849-54. [PMID: 15492855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, a 28-amino acid peptide originally isolated from rat stomach, is an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Evidence has been provided that ghrelin and GHS-Rs are highly expressed in the cardiovascular system, including endothelial cells (ECs), of which they regulate the growth in vitro. It, therefore, seemed worthwhile to investigate the effect of ghrelin on in vitro angiogenesis, using cultures of rat ECs derived from brain microvessels (neuromicrovascular ECs, NECs). ECs, when cultured on a supportive matrix, form a network of tubule-like structures, and such process is enhanced by the classic angiogenic factors, including fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). After seeding on Matrigel-coated wells, NECs formed within 18 h a meshwork of capillary-like structures; vinblastine (2 x 10(-12) M) disrupted the meshwork, while FGF-2 (50 ng/ml) increased its density. Ghrelin (10(-8) M) exerted a vinblastine-like effect and counteracted the stimulatory action of FGF-2. Computerized image-analysis confirmed these observations. FGF-2 enhanced the proliferation rate and lowered the apoptotic rate of NECs cultured on plastic wells, and ghrelin exerted opposite effects and completely reversed the proliferogenic and antiapoptotic actions of FGF-2. In contrast to vinblastine, ghrelin did not increase lactate dehydrogenase release from cultured NECs, thereby ruling out the possibility that its effects may ensue from an aspecific cytotoxic action. FGF-2 enhanced tyrosine kinase (TK) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) p42/p44 activities of NECs. Ghrelin significantly decreased TK and MAPK p42/p44 activities and effectively counteracted the effect of FGF-2. Taken together, the present findings indicate that ghrelin exerts a marked in vitro antiangiogenic action, and that the mechanism underlying this effect involves the inhibition of TK/MAPK-dependent cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Baiguera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Padua, I-35121 Padua, Italy
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