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Duchesne AG, Careau V. Toxic personalities: are chemical defences and boldness correlated? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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2
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Novelty at second glance: a critical appraisal of the novel object paradigm based on meta-analysis. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Changes in the anxiety-like and fearful behavior of shrimp following daily threatening experiences. Anim Cogn 2021; 25:319-327. [PMID: 34453223 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-021-01555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral variation in animals is often influenced by experience. Previous studies have found that daily threatening experiences can enhance fear- and anxiety-like behaviors in some vertebrates. However, it is unclear whether the change in fear/anxiety behavior occurs in invertebrates. The present study investigated whether fear/anxiety behavior could be affected by a net-chasing treatment in two shrimp species (Neocaridina denticulata ssp. and Palaemon pacificus). The net-chasing treatment was repeated for 8 days to simulate daily predator experiences, and behavioral tests (open-field, shelter-seeking, and escape-response tests) were conducted on the day following the last day of treatment. Net-chased N. denticulata ssp. displayed a tendency to remain near a wall compared with the control in the open-field test, whereas net-chased P. pacificus shrimps demonstrated greater escape behavior compared with the control in the escape-response test. These results suggest that fear/anxiety behavior for both shrimp species can be affected by the net-chasing treatment, although the pattern of behavioral change differed between the two species. The findings suggest that daily threatening experiences change the behavior of shrimp and cause them to select a regular avoidance strategy when they encounter risks and unknown situations.
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Homberger B, Jenni L, Duplain J, Lanz M, Schaub M. Strong effects of radio‐tags, social group and release date on survival of reintroduced grey partridges. Anim Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas Jenni
- Swiss Ornithological Institute Sempach Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Lanz
- Swiss Ornithological Institute Sempach Switzerland
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5
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Homberger B, Korner-Nievergelt F, Jenni-Eiermann S, Duplain J, Lanz M, Jenni L. Integrating behaviour, physiology and survival to explore the outcome of reintroductions: a case study of grey partridge. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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6
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Sadoul B, Blumstein DT, Alfonso S, Geffroy B. Human protection drives the emergence of a new coping style in animals. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001186. [PMID: 33822780 PMCID: PMC8057586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild animals face novel environmental threats from human activities that may occur along a gradient of interactions with humans. Recent work has shown that merely living close to humans has major implications for a variety of antipredator traits and physiological responses. Here, we hypothesize that when human presence protects prey from their genuine predators (as sometimes seen in urban areas and at some tourist sites), this predator shield, followed by a process of habituation to humans, decouples commonly associated traits related to coping styles, which results in a new range of phenotypes. Such individuals are characterized by low aggressiveness and physiological stress responses, but have enhanced behavioral plasticity, boldness, and cognitive abilities. We refer to these individuals as "preactive," because their physiological and behavioral coping style falls outside the classical proactive/reactive coping styles. While there is some support for this new coping style, formal multivariate studies are required to investigate behavioral and physiological responses to anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Sadoul
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Institut Agro, INRAE, Rennes, France
| | - Daniel T. Blumstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sébastien Alfonso
- COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca, Stazione Sperimentale per lo Studio delle Risorse del Mare, Bari, Italy
| | - Benjamin Geffroy
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, Ifremer, IRD, CNRS, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
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Geffroy B, Alfonso S, Sadoul B, Blumstein DT. A World for Reactive Phenotypes. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2020.611919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans currently occupy all continents and by doing so, modify the environment and create novel threats to many species; a phenomenon known as human-induced rapid environmental changes (HIREC). These growing anthropogenic disturbances represent major and relatively new environmental challenges for many animals, and invariably alter selection on traits adapted to previous environments. Those species that survive often have moved from their original habitat or modified their phenotype through plasticity or genetic evolution. Based on the most recent advances in this research area, we predict that wild individuals with highly plastic capacities, relatively high basal stress level, and that are generally shy—in other words, individuals displaying a reactive phenotype—should better cope with sudden and widespread HIREC than their counterparts' proactive phenotypes. If true, this selective response would have profound ecological and evolutionary consequences and can therefore impact conservation strategies, specifically with respect to managing the distribution and abundance of individuals and maintaining evolutionary potential. These insights may help design adaptive management strategies to maintain genetic variation in the context of HIREC.
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8
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Prenatal Visual Exposure to a Predator Influences Lateralization in Goldbelly Topminnows. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12081257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of genetic and environmental factors in modulating the development of brain lateralization is far from being fully understood, and the presence of individual differences in several lateralized functions is still an open question. In goldbelly topminnows, the genetic basis of asymmetrical functions in the brain has been studied, and recently it has been found that light stimulation influences the expression of lateralization of newborns. Here, we investigated whether prenatal exposure to predators affects the development of lateralization in 10-day-old topminnows born from females exposed to a real or to a simulated predator during pregnancy. Offspring from females exposed to a real predator were lateralized in both visual and motor tests, whereas fish from females exposed to a simulated predator were not and did not differ from controls. Prenatal exposure to a real predator might promote the alignment of lateralization in the same direction in different individuals.
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Dhellemmes F, Finger JS, Laskowski KL, Guttridge TL, Krause J. Comparing behavioural syndromes across time and ecological conditions in a free-ranging predator. Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Ibarra-Zatarain Z, Parati K, Cenadelli S, Duncan N. Reproductive success of a marine teleost was correlated with proactive and reactive stress-coping styles. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:402-413. [PMID: 30671963 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the relationship between reproductive success and stress-coping styles in gilthead seabream Sparus aurata in captivity. To characterise stress-coping styles, a total of 22 breeders were submitted to three different individual-based tests, one group-based test and post-handling glucocorticoid quantification. To assess spawning participation, a microsatellite analysis was performed on a total of 2698 larvae, which allowed each offspring to be assigned unambiguously to a single parental couple. Overall, S. aurata showed defined proactive and reactive behavioural traits. Proactive breeders exhibited higher levels of activity and risk taking and lower glucocorticoid blood levels than reactive breeders. The stress-coping style traits were consistent over time and context (different tests). Breeders that contributed to a higher number of progeny exhibited proactive behaviours, while those showing low progeny contribution exhibited reactive behaviour. Therefore, breeders with a high proportion of progeny (> 20%) had significantly higher activity and risk taking and lower cortisol than breeders with low progeny contribution (< 20%). In addition, males were more proactive than females and males exhibited significantly higher activity, risk taking and lower cortisol than females. This study is the first to establish in S. aurata breeders: (a) a relationship between stress-coping styles and spawning success; (b) a relationship between stress-coping styles and gender; and (c) the existence of proactive and reactive traits at the adult stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Ibarra-Zatarain
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, IRTA, Carretera de Poble Nou, Tarragona, Spain
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology, CONACYT-UAN-Nayarit Centre for Innovation and Technological Transference, Tepic, Mexico
| | - Katia Parati
- Aquaculture Division, Instituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, La Quercia, Italy
| | - Silvia Cenadelli
- Aquaculture Division, Instituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, La Quercia, Italy
| | - Neil Duncan
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, IRTA, Carretera de Poble Nou, Tarragona, Spain
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11
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Hardman SI, Dalesman S. Repeatability and degree of territorial aggression differs among urban and rural great tits (Parus major). Sci Rep 2018; 8:5042. [PMID: 29568056 PMCID: PMC5864914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals in urban habitats face many novel selection pressures such as increased human population densities and human disturbance. This is predicted to favour bolder and more aggressive individuals together with greater flexibility in behaviour. Previous work has focussed primarily on studying these traits in captive birds and has shown increased aggression and reduced consistency between traits (behavioural syndromes) in birds from urban populations. However, personality (consistency within a behavioural trait) has not been well studied in the wild. Here we tested whether urban free-living male great tits show greater territorial aggression than rural counterparts. We also tested predictions that both behavioural syndromes and personality would show lower consistency in urban populations. We found that urban populations were more aggressive than rural populations and urban birds appeared to show lower levels of individual behavioural repeatability (personality) as predicted. However, we found no effect of urbanisation on behavioural syndromes (correlations between multiple behavioural traits). Our results indicate that urban environments may favour individuals which exhibit increased territorial aggression and greater within-trait flexibility which may be essential to success in holding urban territories. Determining how urban environments impact key fitness traits will be important in predicting how animals cope with ongoing urbanisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel I Hardman
- The Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK. .,Communication and Social Behaviour Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 82319, Seewiesen, Germany.
| | - Sarah Dalesman
- The Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
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12
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Šimková O, Frýdlová P, Žampachová B, Frynta D, Landová E. Development of behavioural profile in the Northern common boa (Boa imperator): Repeatable independent traits or personality? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177911. [PMID: 28542424 PMCID: PMC5443515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of animal personality have focused on its proximate causation and ecological and evolutionary significance in particular, but the question of its development was largely overlooked. The attributes of personality are defined as between-individual differences in behaviour, which are consistent over time (differential consistency) and contexts (contextual generality) and both can be affected by development. We assessed several candidates for personality variables measured in various tests with different contexts over several life-stages (juveniles, older juveniles, subadults and adults) in the Northern common boa. Variables describing foraging/feeding decision and some of the defensive behaviours expressed as individual average values are highly repeatable and consistent. We found two main personality axes-one associated with foraging/feeding and the speed of decision, the other reflecting agonistic behaviour. Intensity of behaviour in the feeding context changes during development, but the level of agonistic behaviour remains the same. The juveniles and adults have a similar personality structure, but there is a period of structural change of behaviour during the second year of life (subadults). These results require a new theoretical model to explain the selection pressures resulting in this developmental pattern of personality. We also studied the proximate factors and their relationship to behavioural characteristics. Physiological parameters (heart and breath rate stress response) measured in adults clustered with variables concerning the agonistic behavioural profile, while no relationship between the juvenile/adult body size and personality concerning feeding/foraging and the agonistic behavioural profile was found. Our study suggests that it is important for studies of personality development to focus on both the structural and differential consistency, because even though behaviour is differentially consistent, the structure can change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Šimková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Frýdlová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Žampachová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Frynta
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Landová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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Garvey PM, Glen AS, Clout MN, Wyse SV, Nichols M, Pech RP. Exploiting interspecific olfactory communication to monitor predators. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 27:389-402. [PMID: 27983773 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Olfaction is the primary sense of many mammals and subordinate predators use this sense to detect dominant species, thereby reducing the risk of an encounter and facilitating coexistence. Chemical signals can act as repellents or attractants and may therefore have applications for wildlife management. We devised a field experiment to investigate whether dominant predator (ferret Mustela furo) body odor would alter the behavior of three common mesopredators: stoats (Mustela erminea), hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus), and ship rats (Rattus rattus). We predicted that apex predator odor would lead to increased detections, and our results support this hypothesis as predator kairomones (interspecific olfactory messages that benefit the receiver) provoked "eavesdropping" behavior by mesopredators. Stoats exhibited the most pronounced responses, with kairomones significantly increasing the number of observations and the time spent at a site, so that their occupancy estimates changed from rare to widespread. Behavioral responses to predator odors can therefore be exploited for conservation and this avenue of research has not yet been extensively explored. A long-life lure derived from apex predator kairomones could have practical value, especially when there are plentiful resources that reduce the efficiency of food-based lures. Our results have application for pest management in New Zealand and the technique of using kairomones to monitor predators could have applications for conservation efforts worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Garvey
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Alistair S Glen
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mick N Clout
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah V Wyse
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst Place, RH17 6TN, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Nichols
- Centre for Wildlife Management and Conservation, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Roger P Pech
- Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
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Řežucha R, Reichard M. The Association Between Personality Traits, Morphological Traits and Alternative Mating Behaviour in Male Endler's Guppies,Poecilia wingei. Ethology 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radomil Řežucha
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
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15
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Habitat stability, predation risk and 'memory syndromes'. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10538. [PMID: 26013966 PMCID: PMC4444974 DOI: 10.1038/srep10538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat stability and predation pressure are thought to be major drivers in the evolutionary maintenance of behavioural syndromes, with trait covariance only occurring within specific habitats. However, animals also exhibit behavioural plasticity, often through memory formation. Memory formation across traits may be linked, with covariance in memory traits (memory syndromes) selected under particular environmental conditions. This study tests whether the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, demonstrates consistency among memory traits (‘memory syndrome’) related to threat avoidance and foraging. We used eight populations originating from three different habitat types: i) laboratory populations (stable habitat, predator-free); ii) river populations (fairly stable habitat, fish predation); and iii) ditch populations (unstable habitat, invertebrate predation). At a population level, there was a negative relationship between memories related to threat avoidance and food selectivity, but no consistency within habitat type. At an individual level, covariance between memory traits was dependent on habitat. Laboratory populations showed no covariance among memory traits, whereas river populations showed a positive correlation between food memories, and ditch populations demonstrated a negative relationship between threat memory and food memories. Therefore, selection pressures among habitats appear to act independently on memory trait covariation at an individual level and the average response within a population.
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Way GP, Kiesel AL, Ruhl N, Snekser JL, McRobert SP. Sex differences in a shoaling-boldness behavioral syndrome, but no link with aggression. Behav Processes 2015; 113:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Way GP, Ruhl N, Snekser JL, Kiesel AL, McRobert SP. A Comparison of Methodologies to Test Aggression in Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2015; 12:144-51. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2014.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P. Way
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathan Ruhl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey
| | | | - Alexis L. Kiesel
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott P. McRobert
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Garvey PM, Glen AS, Pech RP. Foraging Ermine Avoid Risk: behavioural responses of a mesopredator to its interspecific competitors in a mammalian guild. Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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