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Clerk AM, Shah RJ, Kothari J, Sodhi K, Vadi S, Bhattacharya PK, Mishra RC. Position Statement of ISCCM Committee on Weaning from Mechanical Ventilator. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024; 28:S233-S248. [PMID: 39234223 PMCID: PMC11369923 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Weaning from a mechanical ventilator is a milestone in the recovery of seriously ill patients in Intensive care. Failure to wean and re-intubation adversely affects the outcome. The method of mechanical ventilation (MV) varies between different ICUs and so does the practice of weaning. Therefore, updated guidelines based on contemporary literature are designed to guide intensivists in modern ICUs. This is the first ISCCM Consensus Statement on weaning complied by a committee on weaning. The recommendations are intended to be used by all the members of the ICU (Intensivists, Registrars, Nurses, and Respiratory Therapists). Methods A Committee on weaning from MV, formed by the Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine (ISCCM) has formulated this statement on weaning from mechanical ventilators in intensive care units (ICUs) after a review of the literature. Literature was first circulated among expert committee members and allotted sections to each member. Sections of the statement written by sectional authors were peer-reviewed on multiple occasions through virtual meetings. After the final manuscript is accepted by all the committee members, it is submitted for peer review by central guideline committee of ISCCM. Once approved it has passed through review by the Editorial Board of IJCCM before it is published here as "ISCCM consensus statement on weaning from mechanical ventilator". As per the standard accepted for all its guidelines of ISCCM, we followed the modified grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) system to classify the quality of evidence and strength of recommendation. Cost-benefit, risk-benefit analysis, and feasibility of implementation in Indian ICUs are considered by the committee along with the strength of evidence. Type of ventilators and their modes, ICU staffing pattern, availability of critical care nurses, Respiratory therapists, and day vs night time staffing are aspects considered while recommending for or against any aspect of weaning. Result This document makes recommendation on various aspects of weaning, namely, definition, timing, weaning criteria, method of weaning, diagnosis of failure to wean, defining difficult to wean, Use of NIV, HFOV as adjunct to weaning, role of tracheostomy in weaning, weaning in of long term ventilated patients, role of physiotherapy, mobilization in weaning, Role of nutrition in weaning, role of diaphragmatic ultrasound in weaning prediction etc. Out of 42 questions addressed; the committee provided 39 recommendations and refrained from 3 questions. Of these 39; 32 are based on evidence and 7 are based on expert opinion of the committee members. It provides 27 strong recommendations and 12 weak recommendations (suggestions). Conclusion This guideline gives extensive review on weaning from mechanical ventilator and provides various recommendations on weaning from mechanical ventilator. Though all efforts are made to make is as updated as possible one needs to review any guideline periodically to keep it in line with upcoming concepts and standards. How to cite this article Clerk AM, Shah RJ, Kothari J, Sodhi K, Vadi S, Bhattacharya PK, et al. Position Statement of ISCCM Committee on Weaning from Mechanical Ventilator. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(S2):S233-S248.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj M Clerk
- Department of Intensive Care, Sunshine Global Hospital, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Ritesh J Shah
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sterling Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Jay Kothari
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo International Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Sonali Vadi
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rajesh C Mishra
- Department of MICU, Shaibya Comprehensive Care Clinic, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Tandon P, Nguyen KAN, Edalati M, Parchure P, Raut G, Reich DL, Freeman R, Levin MA, Timsina P, Powell CA, Fayad ZA, Kia A. Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Classifier Using Chest Radiographs to Predict Extubation Success in Patients Undergoing Invasive Mechanical Ventilation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:626. [PMID: 38927862 PMCID: PMC11200686 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11060626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The decision to extubate patients on invasive mechanical ventilation is critical; however, clinician performance in identifying patients to liberate from the ventilator is poor. Machine Learning-based predictors using tabular data have been developed; however, these fail to capture the wide spectrum of data available. Here, we develop and validate a deep learning-based model using routinely collected chest X-rays to predict the outcome of attempted extubation. We included 2288 serial patients admitted to the Medical ICU at an urban academic medical center, who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation, with at least one intubated CXR, and a documented extubation attempt. The last CXR before extubation for each patient was taken and split 79/21 for training/testing sets, then transfer learning with k-fold cross-validation was used on a pre-trained ResNet50 deep learning architecture. The top three models were ensembled to form a final classifier. The Grad-CAM technique was used to visualize image regions driving predictions. The model achieved an AUC of 0.66, AUPRC of 0.94, sensitivity of 0.62, and specificity of 0.60. The model performance was improved compared to the Rapid Shallow Breathing Index (AUC 0.61) and the only identified previous study in this domain (AUC 0.55), but significant room for improvement and experimentation remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranai Tandon
- Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kim-Anh-Nhi Nguyen
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (K.-A.-N.N.); (M.E.); (P.P.); (G.R.); (R.F.); (P.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Masoud Edalati
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (K.-A.-N.N.); (M.E.); (P.P.); (G.R.); (R.F.); (P.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Prathamesh Parchure
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (K.-A.-N.N.); (M.E.); (P.P.); (G.R.); (R.F.); (P.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Ganesh Raut
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (K.-A.-N.N.); (M.E.); (P.P.); (G.R.); (R.F.); (P.T.); (A.K.)
| | - David L. Reich
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA (M.A.L.)
| | - Robert Freeman
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (K.-A.-N.N.); (M.E.); (P.P.); (G.R.); (R.F.); (P.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Matthew A. Levin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA (M.A.L.)
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Prem Timsina
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (K.-A.-N.N.); (M.E.); (P.P.); (G.R.); (R.F.); (P.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Charles A. Powell
- Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Arash Kia
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (K.-A.-N.N.); (M.E.); (P.P.); (G.R.); (R.F.); (P.T.); (A.K.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA (M.A.L.)
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Anis A, Patel R, Tanios MA. Analytical Review of Unplanned Extubation in Intensive Care Units and Recommendation on Multidisciplinary Preventive Approaches. J Intensive Care Med 2024; 39:507-513. [PMID: 37670719 DOI: 10.1177/08850666231199055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Unplanned extubations (UE) frequently occur in critical care units. These events are precipitated by many risk factors and are associated with adverse outcomes for patients. We reviewed the current literature to examine factors related to UE and presented the analysis of 41 articles critical to the topic. Our review has identified specific risk factors that we discuss in this review, such as sedation strategies, physical restraints, endotracheal tube position, and specific nursing care aspects associated with an increased incidence of UE. We recommend interventions to reduce the risk of UE. However, we recommend that bundled rather than a single intervention is likely to yield higher success, given the heterogeneity of factors contributing to increasing the risk of UE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonious Anis
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, St. Mary Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, USA
- Critical Care Medicine Fellowship, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Ravi Patel
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Maged A Tanios
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Ferreira JCD, Nascimento MS, Brandi S, do Prado C, Cintra CDC, Almeida JF, Malheiro DT, Capone A. Quality improvement project to reduce unplanned extubations in a paediatric intensive care unit. BMJ Open Qual 2023; 12:bmjoq-2022-002060. [PMID: 36941011 PMCID: PMC10030672 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2022-002060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unplanned extubations are recurrent adverse events in mechanically ventilated children and have been the focus of quality and safety improvement in paediatric intensive care units (ICUs). LOCAL PROBLEM To reduce the rate of unplanned extubation in the paediatric ICU by 66% (from 2.02 to 0.7). METHODS This is a quality improvement project that was conducted in a paediatric ICU of a private hospital at the quaternary level. All hospitalised patients who used invasive mechanical ventilation between October 2018 and August 2019 were included. INTERVENTIONS The project was based on the Improvement Model methodology of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement to implement change strategies. The main ideas of change were innovation in the endotracheal tube fixation model, evaluation of the endotracheal tube positioning, good practices of physical restraint, sedation monitoring, family education and engagement and checklist for prevention of unplanned extubation, with Plan-Do-Study-Act, the tool chosen to test and implement ideas for change. RESULTS The actions reduced the unplanned extubation rate to zero in our institution and sustained this result for a period of 2 years, totalling 743 days without any event. An estimate was made comparing cases with unplanned extubation and controls without the occurrence of this adverse event, which resulted in savings of R$955 096.65 (US$179 540.41) during the 2 years after the implementation of the improvement actions. CONCLUSION The improvement project conducted in the 11-month period reduced the unplanned extubation rate to zero in our institution and sustained this result for a period of 743 days. Adherence to the new fixation model and the creation of a new restrictor model, which enabled the implementation of good practices of physical restraint were the ideas of change that had the greatest impact in achieving this result.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milena Siciliano Nascimento
- Diretoria da Unidade Hospitalar Morumbi e de Práticas Assistenciais, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Brandi
- Diretoria da Unidade Hospitalar Morumbi e de Práticas Assistenciais, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane do Prado
- Departamento Materno-infantil, Hospital Israelita Albert Eisntein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Fernando Almeida
- Departamento Materno-infantil, Hospital Israelita Albert Eisntein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Capone
- Institute for Healthcare Improvement, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Chang TC, Cheng AC, Hsing SC, Chan KS, Chou W, Chen CM. Risk factors for reintubation and mortality among patients who had unplanned extubation. Nurs Crit Care 2023; 28:56-62. [PMID: 35434930 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unplanned extubation (UE) occurs among 2%-16% of patients with mechanical ventilation (MV). Failed UE requiring reintubation could be associated with several adverse events. AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with UE in intensive care units (ICUs). METHODS We prospectively registered the patients who had UE and retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records for 96-bed ICUs between 1 January 2009, and 31 December 2020. RESULTS A total of 392 patients had UE, and 234 patients (59.7%) were ≥65 years (older adult group). The median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score were 17 and the median Glasgow Coma Scale score was 10. In total, 205 patients (52.3%) were reintubated within 48 h (due to failed UE) and 75 patients (19.1%) died during hospitalization. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate those factors predicting failed UE and mortality. These analyses demonstrated that higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and the admission APACHE II scores predicted failed UE. A higher fraction of inspiration O2 (FiO2 ) and minute ventilation; lower haemoglobin (Hb); and higher instances of liver cirrhosis, cancer, and failed UE were independently associated with hospital mortality. CONCLUSION We concluded that among patients who had UE, higher FiO2 or minute ventilation, or under MV or with lower Hb, liver cirrhosis, cancer, and failed UE tended to have higher mortality. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Patients with high disease severity indices who have an increased risk of UE required special attention to techniques to prevent endotracheal tubes from accidental removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chia Chang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Chin Cheng
- Section of Respiratory Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Hsing
- Section of Respiratory Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Khee-Siang Chan
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Willy Chou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chi Mei Medical Center, Chiali, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ming Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Effect of ICU quality control indicators on VAP incidence rate and mortality: a retrospective study of 1267 hospitals in China. Crit Care 2022; 26:405. [PMID: 36581952 PMCID: PMC9798551 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of ICU quality control indicators on the VAP incidence rate and mortality in China throughout 2019. METHODS This was a retrospective study. A total of 1267 ICUs from 30 provinces in mainland China were included. Data were collected using the National Clinical Improvement System Data that report ICU information. Ten related quality control indicators were analyzed, including 5 structural factors (patient-to-bed ratio, physician-to-bed ratio, nurse-to-bed ratio, patient-to-physician ratio, and patient-to-nurse ratio), 3 process factors (unplanned endotracheal extubation rate, reintubation rate within 48 h, and microbiology detection rate before antibiotic use), and 2 outcome factors (VAP incidence rate and mortality). The information on the most common infectious pathogens and the most commonly used antibiotics in ICU was also collected. The Poisson regression model was used to identify the impact of factors on the incidence rate and mortality of VAP. RESULTS The incidence rate of VAP in these hospitals in 2019 was 5.03 (2.38, 10.25) per 1000 ventilator days, and the mortality of VAP was 11.11 (0.32, 26.00) %. The most common causative pathogen was Acinetobacter baumannii (in 39.98% of hospitals), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (38.26%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. In 26.90% of hospitals, third-generation cephalosporin was the most used antibiotic, followed by carbapenem (24.22%), penicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitor combination (20.09%), cephalosporin with beta-lactamase inhibitor (17.93%). All the structural factors were significantly associated with VAP incidence rate, but not with the mortality, although the trend was inconsistent. Process factors including unplanned endotracheal extubation rate, reintubation rate in 48 h, and microbiology detection rate before antibiotic use were associated with higher VAP mortality, while unplanned endotracheal extubation rate and reintubation rate in 48 h were associated with higher VAP mortality. Furthermore, K. pneumoniae as the most common pathogen was associated with higher VAP mortality, and carbapenems as the most used antibiotics were associated with lower VAP mortality. CONCLUSION This study highlights the association between the ICU quality control (QC) factors and VAP incidence rate and mortality. The process factors rather than the structural factors need to be further improved for the QC of VAP in the ICU.
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Jan M, Mainguy N, Hamon F, Bigot S, Delbove A, Goepp A. COVID-EX. Influence de la pandémie de Covid-19 sur le taux d’extubation non programmée en réanimation : étude castemoins rétrospective. Rech Soins Infirm 2022; 146:95-104. [PMID: 35724027 DOI: 10.3917/rsi.146.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In ICUs, many patients are intubated. UE is an indicator of the quality of care.Isolation associated with "air" precautions may increase the number of UEs in mechanically ventilated (MV) COVID patients.The main aim of the study was to compare the rate of UE between a COVID-19 period and a control period. The secondary aims were to identify UE risk factors and to study the experience of caregivers during the COVID-19 period. METHOD The method of choice was a retrospective single center case-control study. MV patients aged ≥ 18 years were eligible in two periods: the control period from 01/02/2020 to 29/02/2020, and the COVID-19 period from 01/03/2020 to 31/03/2020. An anonymous survey was given to ICU caregivers in Vannes Hospital. RESULTS The UE rate was 17% (n=7) vs. 20% (n=9) control period vs. COVID-19 period (p=0.58), with nocturnal preponderance (75%). A quarter (n=4) of patients fulfill MV weaning criteria at the time of UE. A 71% (n=49) survey response rate was obtained. The COVID-19 period had a higher estimated UE risk for 76% (n=37) of caregivers, who felt that they had a greater workload, difficulties with monitoring, and decreased regular visits to patients' rooms. CONCLUSION Contrary to the caregiver experience, we reported a similar UE rate over both the COVID-19 period and the control period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Jan
- Infirmière, réanimation polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique, Vannes, France
| | - Nolwenn Mainguy
- Infirmière, réanimation polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique, Vannes, France
| | - François Hamon
- Infirmier, cadre de santé, réanimation polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique, Vannes, France
| | - Sébastien Bigot
- Infirmier de recherche clinique, réanimation polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique, Vannes, France
| | - Agathe Delbove
- Médecin, praticien hospitalier, réanimation polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique, Vannes, France
| | - Angélique Goepp
- Médecin, praticien hospitalier, réanimation polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique, Vannes, France
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Budde AM, Kadar RB, Jabaley CS. Airway misadventures in adult critical care: a concise narrative review of managing lost or compromised artificial airways. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2022; 35:130-136. [PMID: 35131969 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Loss or compromise of artificial airways in critically ill adults can lead to serious adverse events, including death. In contrast to primary emergency airway management, the optimal management of such scenarios may not be well defined or appreciated. RECENT FINDINGS Endotracheal tube cuff leaks may compromise both oxygenation and ventilation, and supraglottic cuff position must first be recognized and distinguished from other reasons for gas leakage during positive pressure ventilation. Although definitive management involves tube exchange, if direct visualization is possible temporizing measures can often be considered. Unplanned extubation confers variable and context-specific risks depending on patient anatomy and physiological status. Because risk factors for unplanned extubation are well established, bundled interventions can be employed for mitigation. Tracheostomy tube dislodgement accounts for a substantial proportion of death and disability related to airway management in critical care settings. Consensus guidelines and algorithmic management of such scenarios are key elements of risk mitigation. SUMMARY Management of lost or otherwise compromised artificial airways is a key skill set for adult critical care clinicians alongside primary emergency airway management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Budde
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Rachel B Kadar
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Craig S Jabaley
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine
- Emory Critical Care Center, Atlanta, GA
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Wang Y, Lei L, Yang H, He S, Hao J, Liu T, Chen X, Huang Y, Zhou J, Lin Z, Zheng H, Lin X, Huang W, Liu X, Li Y, Huang L, Qiu W, Ru H, Wang D, Wu J, Zheng H, Zuo L, Zeng P, Zhong J, Rong Y, Fan M, Li J, Cai S, Kou Q, Liu E, Lin Z, Cai J, Yang H, Li F, Wang Y, Lin X, Chen W, Gao Y, Huang S, Sang L, Xu Y, Zhang K. Weaning critically ill patients from mechanical ventilation: a protocol from a multicenter retrospective cohort study. J Thorac Dis 2022; 14:199-206. [PMID: 35242382 PMCID: PMC8828530 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical ventilation (MV) is an important lifesaving method in intensive care unit (ICU). Prolonged MV is associated with ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) and other complications. However, premature weaning from MV may lead to higher risk of reintubation or mortality. Therefore, timely and safe weaning from MV is important. In addition, identification of the right patient and performing a suitable weaning process is necessary. Although several guidelines about weaning have been reported, compliance with these guidelines is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the variation of weaning in China, associations between initial MV reason and clinical outcomes, and factors associated with weaning strategies using a multicenter cohort. METHODS This multicenter retrospective cohort study will be conducted at 17 adult ICUs in China, that included patients who were admitted in this 17 ICUs between October 2020 and February 2021. Patients under 18 years of age and patients without the possibility for weaning will be excluded. The questionnaire information will be registered by a specific clinician in each center who has been evaluated and qualified to carry out the study. DISCUSSION In a previous observational study of weaning in 17 ICUs in China, weaning practices varies nationally. Therefore, a multicenter retrospective cohort study is necessary to be conducted to explore the present weaning methods used in China. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (No. ChiCTR2100044634).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liming Lei
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huawei Yang
- Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | | | - Junhai Hao
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | | | - Yongbo Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haichong Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixiang Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linxi Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenbing Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Huangyao Ru
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danni Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huifang Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuer Zuo
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Peiling Zeng
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Jian Zhong
- Shunde Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Shunde District Hospital of Chinese Medicine of Foshan City), Foshan, China
| | - Yanhui Rong
- Shunde Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Shunde District Hospital of Chinese Medicine of Foshan City), Foshan, China
| | - Min Fan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University- Lingnan Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | | | - Qiuye Kou
- Foresea Life Insurance Guangzhou General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enhe Liu
- Foresea Life Insurance Guangzhou General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuandi Lin
- Guangzhou panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Guangzhou panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weitao Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youshan Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shifang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Sang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanda Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kouxing Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Ju TR, Wang E, Castaneda C, Rathod A, Abe O. Superficial placement of endotracheal tubes associated with unplanned extubation: A case-control study. J Crit Care 2021; 67:39-43. [PMID: 34649093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unplanned extubations (UEs) refer to the inadvertent removal of endotracheal tubes (ETTs). Superficially placed ETTs anecdotally increases the risk of UEs. This study aims to assess the impact of ETT position as well as other factors that could be associated with risk of UEs. METHOD A retrospective case-control study was conducted at NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital from January 2017 to February 2020. All adults admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) who received mechanical ventilation (MV) through ETTs were screened to identify UEs. For each case with UE, two controls with planned extubation were identified. A multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify risk factors associated with UEs. RESULTS 1100 patients received MV through ETTs during the time period. The incidence of UE was 4.9%. 53 patients with UEs and 106 patients with planned extubation were included for statistical analysis. Overall, patients with UE had higher in-hospital mortality rates (26.4% versus 11.3%, P = 0.02) and reintubation rates (28.3% versus 6.6%, P < 0.001). Within the UE group, patients who required reintubation had significantly higher in-hospital mortality rates than those who did not require reintubation (53.3% versus 15.8%, P = 0.005). Multivariate logistic regression showed higher APACHE II scores (Odds ratios (OR) 1.07; 95% Confidence interval (CI), 1 to 1.13), distance of ETT tips to carina ≥6 cm (OR 6.41; 95% CI, 1.1 to 37.3), physical restraint use (OR 2.98; 95% CI, 1.28 to 6.95) and continuous infusions of sedatives and/or analgesics (OR 10.72, 95% CI, 4.19 to 27.43) were associated with UE. CONCLUSION UE and the need for reintubation is associated with worse outcomes. Distance of ETT tips to carina ≥6 cm may be associated with higher risks of UE. Further prospective studies are needed to establish the optimal position of ETT to prevent UE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teressa Reanne Ju
- Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY, USA.
| | - Emily Wang
- Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Christian Castaneda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Anisha Rathod
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Olumayowa Abe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, NY, New York, United States of America
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11
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Hur S, Min JY, Yoo J, Kim K, Chung CR, Dykes PC, Cha WC. Development and Validation of Unplanned Extubation Prediction Models Using Intensive Care Unit Data: Retrospective, Comparative, Machine Learning Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e23508. [PMID: 34382940 PMCID: PMC8387891 DOI: 10.2196/23508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient safety in the intensive care unit (ICU) is one of the most critical issues, and unplanned extubation (UE) is considered the most adverse event for patient safety. Prevention and early detection of such an event is an essential but difficult component of quality care. Objective This study aimed to develop and validate prediction models for UE in ICU patients using machine learning. Methods This study was conducted in an academic tertiary hospital in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The hospital had approximately 2000 inpatient beds and 120 ICU beds. As of January 2019, the hospital had approximately 9000 outpatients on a daily basis. The number of annual ICU admissions was approximately 10,000. We conducted a retrospective study between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018. A total of 6914 extubation cases were included. We developed a UE prediction model using machine learning algorithms, which included random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), artificial neural network (ANN), and support vector machine (SVM). For evaluating the model’s performance, we used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1 score were also determined for each model. For performance evaluation, we also used a calibration curve, the Brier score, and the integrated calibration index (ICI) to compare different models. The potential clinical usefulness of the best model at the best threshold was assessed through a net benefit approach using a decision curve. Results Among the 6914 extubation cases, 248 underwent UE. In the UE group, there were more males than females, higher use of physical restraints, and fewer surgeries. The incidence of UE was higher during the night shift as compared to the planned extubation group. The rate of reintubation within 24 hours and hospital mortality were higher in the UE group. The UE prediction algorithm was developed, and the AUROC for RF was 0.787, for LR was 0.762, for ANN was 0.763, and for SVM was 0.740. Conclusions We successfully developed and validated machine learning–based prediction models to predict UE in ICU patients using electronic health record data. The best AUROC was 0.787 and the sensitivity was 0.949, which was obtained using the RF algorithm. The RF model was well-calibrated, and the Brier score and ICI were 0.129 and 0.048, respectively. The proposed prediction model uses widely available variables to limit the additional workload on the clinician. Further, this evaluation suggests that the model holds potential for clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Hur
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Patient Experience Management, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Min
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsang Yoo
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunga Kim
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Statistics Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Ryang Chung
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Patricia C Dykes
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Won Chul Cha
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Digital Innovation Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Prevalence of Reintubation Within 24 Hours of Extubation in Bronchiolitis: Retrospective Cohort Study Using the Virtual Pediatric Systems Database. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2021; 22:474-482. [PMID: 33031349 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation are used to support children following liberation from invasive mechanical ventilation. Evidence comparing extubation failure rates between patients randomized to high-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is available for adult and neonatal patients; however, similar pediatric trials are lacking. In this study, we employed a quality controlled, multicenter PICU database to test the hypothesis that high-flow nasal cannula is associated with higher prevalence of reintubation within 24 hours among patients with bronchiolitis. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a prior study utilizing the Virtual Pediatric Systems database. SETTING One-hundred twenty-four participating PICUs. PATIENTS Children less than 24 months old with a primary diagnosis of bronchiolitis who were admitted to one of 124 PICUs between January 2009 and September 2015 and received invasive mechanical ventilation. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Among 759 patients, median age was 2.4 months (1.3-5.4 mo), 41.2% were female, 39.7% had greater than or equal to 1 comorbid condition, and 43.7% were Caucasian. Median PICU length of stay was 8.7 days (interquartile range, 5.8-13.7 d) and survival to PICU discharge was 100%. Median duration of intubation was 5.5 days (3.4-9.0 d) prior to initial extubation. High-flow nasal cannula was used following extubation in most (656 [86.5%]) analyzed subjects. The overall prevalence of reintubation within 24 hours was 5.9% (45 children). Extubation to noninvasive positive pressure ventilation was associated with greater prevalence of reintubation than extubation to high-flow nasal cannula (11.7% vs 5.0%; p = 0.016) and, in an a posteriori model that included Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 score and comorbidities, was associated with increased odds of reintubation (odds ratio, 2.43; 1.11-5.34; p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS In this secondary analysis of a multicenter database of children with bronchiolitis, extubation to high-flow nasal cannula was associated with a lower prevalence of reintubation within 24 hours compared with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in both unmatched and propensity-matched analysis. Prospective trials are needed to determine if post-extubation support modality can mitigate the risk of extubation failure.
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13
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Mitting RB, Peshimam N, Lillie J, Donnelly P, Ghazaly M, Nadel S, Ray S, Tibby SM. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Viral Bronchiolitis: Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2021; 22:231-240. [PMID: 33512983 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of PICU admission and a major contributor to resource utilization during the winter season. Management in mechanically ventilated patients with bronchiolitis is not standardized. We aimed to assess whether variations exist in management between the centers and then to assess if differences in PICU outcomes are found. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Three tertiary PICUs (Centers A, B, and C) in London, United Kingdom. PATIENTS Patients under 1 year of age (n = 462) who received invasive mechanical ventilation for acute viral bronchiolitis from 2012-2016. INTERVENTIONS None. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Data collected include all sedative agents administered, 48 hour cumulative fluid balance and location of endotracheal tube (oral or nasal). Primary outcome was duration of invasive mechanical ventilation. A generalized linear model was used to test for differences in duration of invasive mechanical ventilation between centers after adjustment for confounders: corrected gestational age, oxygen saturation index, bacterial coinfection, prematurity, respiratory syncytial virus status, risk of mortality score and comorbidity. Baseline characteristics were similar, other than a higher risk of mortality score at center A and higher admission oxygen saturation index at center C. Center A was associated with utilization of the most benzodiazepine and opiate sedation, the fewest nasal endotracheal tubes, and the highest mean cumulative fluid balance at 48 hours.Center A had an adjusted mean duration of invasive mechanical ventilation that was 44% longer than center C (95% CI, 25-66%; p < 0.001).The majority of confounders had an association with the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation; all were biologically plausible. Corrected gestational age was negatively associated with the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation for preterm infants less than 32 weeks, but not for term or 32-37 week infants (interaction effect). This meant that at a corrected age of 0 months, a less than 32-week infant had a mean duration that was 55% greater than a term infant: this effect had disappeared by 8 months old. CONCLUSIONS Between-center variations exist in both practices and outcomes. The relationship between these two findings could be further tested through implementation science with "optimal care bundles."
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Mitting
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niha Peshimam
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Lillie
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Donnelly
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marwa Ghazaly
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Simon Nadel
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samiran Ray
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
- Respiratory, Critical Care and Anaesthesia Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shane M Tibby
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Zhang P, Liu LP. Design of assessment tool for unplanned endotracheal extubation of artificial airway patients. Nurs Open 2021; 8:1696-1703. [PMID: 33616306 PMCID: PMC8186713 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Unplanned endotracheal extubation (UEE) is one of the most common adverse events reported in patients with artificial airway. Current research in UEE is mostly limited to the summary of risk factors and analysis of prevention strategies. The aim of the study was to develop an assessment tool for medical staff to assess the risk of unplanned extubation in endotracheal intubation patients. Design The design was a qualitative study. Methods Based on literature review, group discussion, pre‐investigation, the initial risk assessment scale on unplanned extubation for endotracheal intubation patients was established. Fifteen experts from thirteen tertiary‐A hospitals across eight provinces participated in two rounds of Delphi panel. Results The risk assessment tool on unplanned extubation for endotracheal intubation patients was established by the Delphi method. It was composed of 11 indicators, which got agreement among two rounds panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Westhoff M, Geiseler J, Schönhofer B, Pfeifer M, Dellweg D, Bachmann M, Randerath W. [Weaning in a Pandemic Situation - A Position Paper]. Pneumologie 2021; 75:113-121. [PMID: 33352589 PMCID: PMC8043598 DOI: 10.1055/a-1337-9848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The logistical and infectious peculiarities and requirements challenge the intensive care treatment teams aiming at a successful liberation of patients from long-term mechanical ventilation. Especially in the pandemic, it is therefore important to use all potentials for weaning and decannulation, respectively, in patients with prolonged weaning.Weaning centers represent units of intensive medical care with a particular specialization in prolonged weaning. They are an integral part of a continuous care concept for these patients. A systematic weaning concept in the pandemic includes structural, personnel, equipment, infectiological and hygienic issues. In addition to the S2k guideline "Prolonged weaning" this position paper hightlights a new classification in prolonged weaning and organizational structures required in the future for the challenging pandemic situation. Category A patients with high weaning potential require a structured respiratory weaning in specialized weaning units, so as to get the greatest possible chance to realize successful weaning. Patients in category B with low or currently nonexistent weaning potential should receive a weaning attempt after an intermediate phase of further stabilization in an out-of-hospital ventilator unit. Category C patients with no weaning potential require a permanent out-of-hospital care, alternatively finishing mechanical ventilation with palliative support.Finally, under perspective in the position paper the following conceivable networks and registers in the future are presented: 1. locally organized regional networks of certified weaning centers, 2. a central, nationwide register of weaning capacities accordingly the already existing DIVI register and 3. registration of patients in difficult or prolonged weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Westhoff
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin, Lungenklinik Hemer, Zentrum für Pneumologie und Thoraxchirurgie, Hemer
- Universität Witten-Herdecke, Witten
| | - J Geiseler
- Medizinische Klinik IV: Klinik für Pneumologie, Beatmungs- und Schlafmedizin, Klinikum Vest GmbH, Paracelsus-Klinik, Marl
| | - B Schönhofer
- Pneumologische Praxis und pneumologischer Konsildienst im Klinikum Agnes Karll Laatzen, Klinikum Region Hannover, Laatzen, Germany
| | - M Pfeifer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinik Regensburg, Regensburg
- Abteilung für Pneumologie, Fachklinik für Lungenerkrankungen Donaustauf, Donaustauf
- Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Klinik für Pneumologie und konservative Intensivmedizin, Regensburg
| | - D Dellweg
- Fachkrankenhaus Kloster Grafschaft GmbH, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Schmallenberg
| | - M Bachmann
- Klinik für Intensiv- und Beatmungsmedizin, Asklepios-Klinik Harburg, Hamburg
| | - W Randerath
- Institut für Pneumologie an der Universität zu Köln, Köln
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Krankenhaus Bethanien, Solingen
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16
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Schönhofer B, Geiseler J, Dellweg D, Fuchs H, Moerer O, Weber-Carstens S, Westhoff M, Windisch W. Prolonged Weaning: S2k Guideline Published by the German Respiratory Society. Respiration 2020; 99:1-102. [PMID: 33302267 DOI: 10.1159/000510085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is an essential part of modern intensive care medicine. MV is performed in patients with severe respiratory failure caused by respiratory muscle insufficiency and/or lung parenchymal disease; that is, when other treatments such as medication, oxygen administration, secretion management, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), or nasal high-flow therapy have failed. MV is required for maintaining gas exchange and allows more time to curatively treat the underlying cause of respiratory failure. In the majority of ventilated patients, liberation or "weaning" from MV is routine, without the occurrence of any major problems. However, approximately 20% of patients require ongoing MV, despite amelioration of the conditions that precipitated the need for it in the first place. Approximately 40-50% of the time spent on MV is required to liberate the patient from the ventilator, a process called "weaning". In addition to acute respiratory failure, numerous factors can influence the duration and success rate of the weaning process; these include age, comorbidities, and conditions and complications acquired during the ICU stay. According to international consensus, "prolonged weaning" is defined as the weaning process in patients who have failed at least 3 weaning attempts, or require more than 7 days of weaning after the first spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). Given that prolonged weaning is a complex process, an interdisciplinary approach is essential for it to be successful. In specialised weaning centres, approximately 50% of patients with initial weaning failure can be liberated from MV after prolonged weaning. However, the heterogeneity of patients undergoing prolonged weaning precludes the direct comparison of individual centres. Patients with persistent weaning failure either die during the weaning process, or are discharged back to their home or to a long-term care facility with ongoing MV. Urged by the growing importance of prolonged weaning, this Sk2 Guideline was first published in 2014 as an initiative of the German Respiratory Society (DGP), in conjunction with other scientific societies involved in prolonged weaning. The emergence of new research, clinical study findings and registry data, as well as the accumulation of experience in daily practice, have made the revision of this guideline necessary. The following topics are dealt with in the present guideline: Definitions, epidemiology, weaning categories, underlying pathophysiology, prevention of prolonged weaning, treatment strategies in prolonged weaning, the weaning unit, discharge from hospital on MV, and recommendations for end-of-life decisions. Special emphasis was placed on the following themes: (1) A new classification of patient sub-groups in prolonged weaning. (2) Important aspects of pulmonary rehabilitation and neurorehabilitation in prolonged weaning. (3) Infrastructure and process organisation in the care of patients in prolonged weaning based on a continuous treatment concept. (4) Changes in therapeutic goals and communication with relatives. Aspects of paediatric weaning are addressed separately within individual chapters. The main aim of the revised guideline was to summarize both current evidence and expert-based knowledge on the topic of "prolonged weaning", and to use this information as a foundation for formulating recommendations related to "prolonged weaning", not only in acute medicine but also in the field of chronic intensive care medicine. The following professionals served as important addressees for this guideline: intensivists, pulmonary medicine specialists, anaesthesiologists, internists, cardiologists, surgeons, neurologists, paediatricians, geriatricians, palliative care clinicians, rehabilitation physicians, intensive/chronic care nurses, physiotherapists, respiratory therapists, speech therapists, medical service of health insurance, and associated ventilator manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Schönhofer
- Klinikum Agnes Karll Krankenhaus, Klinikum Region Hannover, Laatzen, Germany,
| | - Jens Geiseler
- Klinikum Vest, Medizinische Klinik IV: Pneumologie, Beatmungs- und Schlafmedizin, Marl, Germany
| | - Dominic Dellweg
- Fachkrankenhaus Kloster Grafschaft GmbH, Abteilung Pneumologie II, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Hans Fuchs
- Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Onnen Moerer
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Weber-Carstens
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Anästhesiologie mit Schwerpunkt operative Intensivmedizin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum und Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Westhoff
- Lungenklinik Hemer, Hemer, Germany
- Universität Witten/Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany
| | - Wolfram Windisch
- Lungenklinik, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany
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17
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Abstract
Objectives: To determine if patients with coronavirus disease 2019 had a greater number of unplanned extubations resulting in reintubations than in patients without coronavirus disease 2019. Design: Retrospective cohort study comparing the frequency of unplanned extubations resulting in reintubations in a group of coronavirus disease 2019 patients to a historical (noncoronavirus disease 2019) control group. Setting: This study was conducted at Henry Ford Hospital, an academic medical center in Detroit, MI. The historical noncoronavirus disease 2019 patients were treated in the 68 bed medical ICU. The coronavirus disease 2019 patients were treated in the coronavirus disease ICU, which included the 68 medical ICU beds, 18 neuro-ICU beds, 32 surgical ICU beds, and 40 cardiovascular ICU beds, as the medical ICU was expanded to these units at the peak of the pandemic in Detroit, MI. Patients: The coronavirus disease 2019 cohort included patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 who were intubated for respiratory failure from March 12, 2020, to April 13, 2020. The historic control (noncoronavirus disease 2019) group consisted of patients who were admitted to the medical ICU in the year spanning from November 1, 2018 to October 31, 2019, with a need for mechanical ventilation that was not related to surgery or a neurologic reason. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: To identify how many patients in each cohort had unplanned extubations, an electronic medical records query for patients with two intubations within 30 days was performed, in addition to a review of our institutional quality and safety database of reported self-extubations. Medical charts were manually reviewed by board-certified anesthesiologists to confirm each event was an unplanned extubation followed by a reintubation within 24 hours. There was a significantly greater incidence of unplanned extubations resulting in reintubation events in the coronavirus disease 2019 cohort than in the noncoronavirus disease 2019 cohort (coronavirus disease 2019 cohort: 167 total admissions with 22 events—13.2%; noncoronavirus disease 2019 cohort: 326 total admissions with 14 events—4.3%; p < 0.001). When the rate of unplanned extubations was expressed per 100 intubated days, there was not a significant difference between the groups (0.88 and 0.57, respectively; p = 0.269). Conclusions: Coronavirus disease 2019 patients have a higher incidence of unplanned extubation that requires reintubation than noncoronavirus disease 2019 patients. Further study is necessary to evaluate the variables that contribute to this higher incidence and clinical strategies that can reduce it.
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18
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Perkins GD, Mistry D, Lall R, Gao-Smith F, Snelson C, Hart N, Camporota L, Varley J, Carle C, Paramasivam E, Hoddell B, de Paeztron A, Dosanjh S, Sampson J, Blair L, Couper K, McAuley D, Young JD, Walsh T, Blackwood B, Rose L, Lamb SE, Dritsaki M, Maredza M, Khan I, Petrou S, Gates S. Protocolised non-invasive compared with invasive weaning from mechanical ventilation for adults in intensive care: the Breathe RCT. Health Technol Assess 2020; 23:1-114. [PMID: 31532358 DOI: 10.3310/hta23480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is a life-saving intervention. Following resolution of the condition that necessitated IMV, a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) is used to determine patient readiness for IMV discontinuation. In patients who fail one or more SBTs, there is uncertainty as to the optimum management strategy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of using non-invasive ventilation (NIV) as an intermediate step in the protocolised weaning of patients from IMV. DESIGN Pragmatic, open-label, parallel-group randomised controlled trial, with cost-effectiveness analysis. SETTING A total of 51 critical care units across the UK. PARTICIPANTS Adult intensive care patients who had received IMV for at least 48 hours, who were categorised as ready to wean from ventilation, and who failed a SBT. INTERVENTIONS Control group (invasive weaning): patients continued to receive IMV with daily SBTs. A weaning protocol was used to wean pressure support based on the patient's condition. Intervention group (non-invasive weaning): patients were extubated to NIV. A weaning protocol was used to wean inspiratory positive airway pressure, based on the patient's condition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was time to liberation from ventilation. Secondary outcome measures included mortality, duration of IMV, proportion of patients receiving antibiotics for a presumed respiratory infection and health-related quality of life. RESULTS A total of 364 patients (invasive weaning, n = 182; non-invasive weaning, n = 182) were randomised. Groups were well matched at baseline. There was no difference between the invasive weaning and non-invasive weaning groups in median time to liberation from ventilation {invasive weaning 108 hours [interquartile range (IQR) 57-351 hours] vs. non-invasive weaning 104.3 hours [IQR 34.5-297 hours]; hazard ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89 to 1.39; p = 0.352}. There was also no difference in mortality between groups at any time point. Patients in the non-invasive weaning group had fewer IMV days [invasive weaning 4 days (IQR 2-11 days) vs. non-invasive weaning 1 day (IQR 0-7 days); adjusted mean difference -3.1 days, 95% CI -5.75 to -0.51 days]. In addition, fewer non-invasive weaning patients required antibiotics for a respiratory infection [odds ratio (OR) 0.60, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.00; p = 0.048]. A higher proportion of non-invasive weaning patients required reintubation than those in the invasive weaning group (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.27 to 3.24). The within-trial economic evaluation showed that NIV was associated with a lower net cost and a higher net effect, and was dominant in health economic terms. The probability that NIV was cost-effective was estimated at 0.58 at a cost-effectiveness threshold of £20,000 per quality-adjusted life-year. CONCLUSIONS A protocolised non-invasive weaning strategy did not reduce time to liberation from ventilation. However, patients who underwent non-invasive weaning had fewer days requiring IMV and required fewer antibiotics for respiratory infections. FUTURE WORK In patients who fail a SBT, which factors predict an adverse outcome (reintubation, tracheostomy, death) if extubated and weaned using NIV? TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN15635197. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 23, No. 48. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D Perkins
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Critical Care Unit, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dipesh Mistry
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Ranjit Lall
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Fang Gao-Smith
- Critical Care Unit, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Catherine Snelson
- Department of Critical Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK.,Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luigi Camporota
- Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James Varley
- Department of Critical Care, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Coralie Carle
- Department of Critical Care, Peterborough City Hospital, Peterborough, UK
| | | | - Beverly Hoddell
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Adam de Paeztron
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Sukhdeep Dosanjh
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Julia Sampson
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Critical Care Unit, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura Blair
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Keith Couper
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Critical Care Unit, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel McAuley
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Experimental Medicine Institute for Health Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - J Duncan Young
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim Walsh
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bronagh Blackwood
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Experimental Medicine Institute for Health Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Louise Rose
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah E Lamb
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Melina Dritsaki
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mandy Maredza
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Iftekhar Khan
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Population and Patient Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stavros Petrou
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Simon Gates
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Sarlabous L, Aquino-Esperanza J, Magrans R, de Haro C, López-Aguilar J, Subirà C, Batlle M, Rué M, Gomà G, Ochagavia A, Fernández R, Blanch L. Development and validation of a sample entropy-based method to identify complex patient-ventilator interactions during mechanical ventilation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13911. [PMID: 32807815 PMCID: PMC7431581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-ventilator asynchronies can be detected by close monitoring of ventilator screens by clinicians or through automated algorithms. However, detecting complex patient-ventilator interactions (CP-VI), consisting of changes in the respiratory rate and/or clusters of asynchronies, is a challenge. Sample Entropy (SE) of airway flow (SE-Flow) and airway pressure (SE-Paw) waveforms obtained from 27 critically ill patients was used to develop and validate an automated algorithm for detecting CP-VI. The algorithm's performance was compared versus the gold standard (the ventilator's waveform recordings for CP-VI were scored visually by three experts; Fleiss' kappa = 0.90 (0.87-0.93)). A repeated holdout cross-validation procedure using the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) as a measure of effectiveness was used for optimization of different combinations of SE settings (embedding dimension, m, and tolerance value, r), derived SE features (mean and maximum values), and the thresholds of change (Th) from patient's own baseline SE value. The most accurate results were obtained using the maximum values of SE-Flow (m = 2, r = 0.2, Th = 25%) and SE-Paw (m = 4, r = 0.2, Th = 30%) which report MCCs of 0.85 (0.78-0.86) and 0.78 (0.78-0.85), and accuracies of 0.93 (0.89-0.93) and 0.89 (0.89-0.93), respectively. This approach promises an improvement in the accurate detection of CP-VI, and future study of their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sarlabous
- Critical Care Center, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Aquino-Esperanza
- Critical Care Center, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Respiratory Disease (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Candelaria de Haro
- Critical Care Center, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Respiratory Disease (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina López-Aguilar
- Critical Care Center, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Respiratory Disease (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Subirà
- Department of Intensive Care, Fundació Althaia, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya , Manresa, Spain
| | - Montserrat Batlle
- Department of Intensive Care, Fundació Althaia, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya , Manresa, Spain
| | - Montserrat Rué
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gemma Gomà
- Critical Care Center, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Ochagavia
- Critical Care Center, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Respiratory Disease (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Fernández
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Respiratory Disease (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Intensive Care, Fundació Althaia, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya , Manresa, Spain
| | - Lluís Blanch
- Critical Care Center, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Respiratory Disease (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- BetterCare S.L, Sabadell, Spain
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20
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Hatch LD, Scott TA, Slaughter JC, Xu M, Smith AH, Stark AR, Patrick SW, Ely EW. Outcomes, Resource Use, and Financial Costs of Unplanned Extubations in Preterm Infants. Pediatrics 2020; 145:peds.2019-2819. [PMID: 32376726 PMCID: PMC7263047 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-2819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Unplanned extubations (UEs) in adult and pediatric populations are associated with poor clinical outcomes and increased costs. In-hospital outcomes and costs of UE in the NICU are not reported. Our objective was to determine the association of UE with clinical outcomes and costs in very-low-birth-weight infants. METHODS We performed a retrospective matched cohort study in our level 4 NICU from 2014 to 2016. Very-low-birth-weight infants without congenital anomalies admitted by 72 hours of age, who received mechanical ventilation (MV), were included. Cases (+UE) were matched 1:1 with controls (-UE) on the basis of having an equivalent MV duration at the time of UE in the case, gestational age, and Clinical Risk Index for Babies score. We compared MV days after UE in cases or the equivalent date in controls (postmatching MV), in-hospital morbidities, and hospital costs between the matched pairs using raw and adjusted analyses. RESULTS Of 345 infants who met inclusion criteria, 58 had ≥1 UE, and 56 out of 58 (97%) were matched with appropriate controls. Postmatching MV was longer in cases than controls (median: 12.5 days; interquartile range [IQR]: 7 to 25.8 vs median 6 days; IQR: 2 to 12.3; adjusted odds ratio: 4.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.9-9.5). Inflation-adjusted total hospital costs were higher in cases (median difference: $49 587; IQR: -15 063 to 119 826; adjusted odds ratio: 3.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.6-8.9). CONCLUSIONS UEs in preterm infants are associated with worse outcomes and increased hospital costs. Improvements in UE rates in NICUs may improve clinical outcomes and lower hospital costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Dupree Hatch
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics,,Center for Child Health Policy, and,Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Theresa A. Scott
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics,,Center for Child Health Policy, and
| | | | | | - Andrew H. Smith
- Divisions of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Ann R. Stark
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Stephen W. Patrick
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics,,Center for Child Health Policy, and
| | - E. Wesley Ely
- Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Center for Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;,Tennessee Valley Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
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21
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of unplanned extubations in a pediatric cardiac ICU in order to prove sustainability of our previously implemented quality improvement initiative. Additionally, we sought to identify risk factors associated with unplanned extubations as well as review the overall outcome of this patient population. DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Pediatric cardiac ICU at Children's Hospital of Colorado on the Anschutz Medical Center of the University of Colorado. PATIENTS Intubated and mechanically ventilated patients in the cardiac ICU from July 2011 to December 2017. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 2,612 hospitalizations for 2,067 patients were supported with mechanical ventilation. Forty-five patients had 49 episodes of unplanned extubations (four patients > 1 unplanned extubation). The average unplanned extubation rate per 100 ventilator days was 0.4. Patients who had an unplanned extubation were younger (0.09 vs 5.45 mo; p < 0.001), weighed less (unplanned extubation median weight of 3.0 kg [interquartile range, 2.5-4.5 kg] vs control median weight of 6.0 kg [interquartile range, 3.5-13.9 kg]) (p < 0.001), and had a longer length of mechanical ventilation (8 vs 2 d; p < 0.001). Patients who had an unplanned extubation were more likely to require cardiopulmonary resuscitation during their hospital stay (54% vs 18%; p < 0.001) and had a higher likelihood of in-hospital mortality (15% vs 7%; p = 0.001). There was a significant difference in surgical acuity as denoted by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery score and patients with an unplanned extubation had a higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery category (p = 0.019). Contributing factors associated with unplanned extubation were poor endotracheal tube tape integrity, inadequate tube securement, and/or inadequate sedation. A low rate of unplanned extubation was maintained even in the setting of increasing patient complexity and an increase in patient volume. CONCLUSIONS A low rate of unplanned extubation is sustainable even in the setting of increased patient volume and acuity. Additionally, early identification of patients at higher risk of unplanned extubation may also contribute to decreasing the incidence of unplanned extubation.
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22
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Lewis KA, Chaudhuri D, Guyatt G, Burns KEA, Bosma K, Ge L, Karachi T, Piraino T, Fernando SM, Ranganath N, Brochard L, Rochwerg B. Comparison of ventilatory modes to facilitate liberation from mechanical ventilation: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030407. [PMID: 31492786 PMCID: PMC6731837 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Timely liberation from invasive mechanical ventilation is important to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated complications. Once a patient is deemed ready to tolerate a mode of partial ventilator assist, clinicians can use one of multiple ventilatory modes. Despite multiple trials, controversy regarding the optimal ventilator mode to facilitate liberation remains. Herein, we report the protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing modes of ventilation to facilitate the liberation of a patient from invasive mechanical ventilation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, the Cochrane Library from inception to April 2019 for randomised trials that report on critically ill adults who have undergone invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 24 hours and have received any mode of assisted invasive mechanical ventilation compared with an alternative mode of assisted ventilation. Outcomes of interest will include: mortality, weaning success, weaning duration, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of stay in the acute care setting and adverse events. Two reviewers will independently screen in two stages, first titles and abstracts, and then full texts, to identify eligible studies. Independently and in duplicate, two investigators will extract all data, and assess risk of bias in all eligible studies using the Modified Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Reviewers will resolve disagreement by discussion and consultation with a third reviewer as necessary. Using a frequentist framework, we will perform random-effect network meta-analysis, including all ventilator modes in the same model. We will calculate direct and indirect estimates of treatment effect using a node-splitting procedure and report effect estimates using OR and 95% CI. We will assess certainty in effect estimates using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Research ethics board approval is not necessary. The results will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019137786.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gordon Guyatt
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Karen Bosma
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Long Ge
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tim Karachi
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Shannon M Fernando
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Bram Rochwerg
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Lin PH, Chen CF, Chiu HW, Tai HP, Lee DL, Lai RS. Outcomes of unplanned extubation in ordinary ward are similar to those in intensive care unit: A STROBE-compliant case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14841. [PMID: 30882675 PMCID: PMC6426589 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Unplanned extubation (UE) may cause considerable adverse effects in patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV). Previous literature showed inconsistent prognosis in patients with UE. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical implications and outcomes of UE.The intubated adult patients with MV support in our hospital were enrolled, and they were divided into the UE and non-UE groups. Demographic data, admission unit, MV duration, overall weaning rate, and mortality rates were compared. The outcomes of UE in ordinary ward and intensive care unit (ICU) were also assessed.Totally 9245 intubated adult patients were included. UE occurred in 303 (3.5%) patients, and the UE events were 0.27 times/100 MV days. Old age, nonoperation related MV cause, and admission out of the ICU were significant factors associated with UE events. UE patients showed a trend of better overall weaning rate (71.9% vs 66.7%, P = .054) than non-UE. However, the in-hospital mortality rate (25.7% vs 24.8%, P = .713) were similar between the UE and non-UE patients. The reintubation rate of UE patients was 44.1% (142/322). Successful UEs were associated with patients in weaning process (52.8% vs 38.7%, P = .012), and patients received non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) support after UE (19.4% vs 3.5%, P < .001). Patients with successful UE had significantly shorter MV days, higher overall weaning rate, and lower mortality than those with unsuccessful UE. Outcomes of UE in ordinary ward and in ICU had similar MV duration, reintubation rate, overall weaning rate, and in-hospital mortality rate.The overall weaning rate and in-hospital mortality rates of the UE and non-UE patients were similar. UE occurred in ordinary ward had similar outcomes to those in ICU. Patients receiving MV should be assessed daily for weaning indications to reduce delayed extubation, and therefore, may decrease UE occurrence. Once the UE happened, NIPPV support may reduce the reintubation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiu-Fan Chen
- Division of Chest Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taitung Branch, Taitung
| | - Hsin-Wei Chiu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - Hsueh-Ping Tai
- Sub-acute Respiratory care ward, Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - David Lin Lee
- Division of Respiratory Therapy
- Division of Chest Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruay-Sheng Lai
- Division of Respiratory Therapy
- Division of Chest Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Reducing Unplanned Extubations Across a Children's Hospital Using Quality Improvement Methods. Pediatr Qual Saf 2018; 3:e114. [PMID: 31334446 PMCID: PMC6581473 DOI: 10.1097/pq9.0000000000000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Introduction: Children who require an endotracheal (ET) tube for care during critical illness are at risk of unplanned extubations (UE), or the unintended dislodgement or removal of an ET tube that can lead to significant patient harm. A proposed national benchmark is 1 UE per 100 ventilator days. We aimed to reduce the rate of UEs in our intensive care units (ICUs) from 1.20 per 100 ventilator days to below the national benchmark within 2 years. Methods: We identified several key drivers including ET securement standardization, safety culture, and strategies for high-risk situations. We employed quality improvement methodologies including apparent cause analysis and plan-do-study-act cycles to improve our processes and outcomes. Results: Over 2 years, we reduced the rate of UEs hospital-wide by 75% from 1.2 to 0.3 per 100 ventilator days. We eliminated UEs in the pediatric ICU during the study period, while the UE rate in the neonatal ICU also decreased from 1.2 to 0.3 per 100 ventilator days. Conclusion: We demonstrated that by using quality improvement methodology, we successfully reduced our rate of UE by 75% to a level well below the proposed national benchmark.
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Peña-López Y, Ramirez-Estrada S, Eshwara VK, Rello J. Limiting ventilator-associated complications in ICU intubated subjects: strategies to prevent ventilator-associated events and improve outcomes. Expert Rev Respir Med 2018; 12:1037-1050. [PMID: 30460868 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2018.1549492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Intubation is required to maintain the airways in comatose patients and enhance oxygenation in hypoxemic or ventilation in hypercapnic subjects. Recently, the Centers of Disease Control (CDC) created new surveillance definitions designed to identify complications associated with poor outcomes. Areas covered: The new framework proposed by CDC, Ventilator-Associated Events (VAE), has a range of definitions encompassing Ventilator-Associated Conditions (VAC), Infection-related Ventilator-Associated Complications (IVAC), or Possible Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia - suggesting replacing the traditional definitions of Ventilator-Associated Tracheobronchitis (VAT) and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP). They focused more on oxygenation variations than on Chest-X rays or inflammatory biomarkers. This article will review the spectrum of infectious (VAP & VAT) complications, as well as the main non-infectious complications, namely pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and atelectasis. Strategies to limit these complications and improve outcomes will be presented. Expert commentary: Improving outcomes should be the objective of implementing bundles of prevention, based on risk factors amenable of intervention. Promotion of measures that reduce the exposition or duration of intubation should be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Peña-López
- a Pediatric Critical Care Department , Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus , Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara
- c Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - Jordi Rello
- d Clinical Research/epidemiology In Pneumonia & Sepsis , Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research & Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (CIBERES) , Barcelona , Spain
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26
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Hsieh MH, Hsieh MJ, Chen CM, Hsieh CC, Chao CM, Lai CC. Comparison of machine learning models for the prediction of mortality of patients with unplanned extubation in intensive care units. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17116. [PMID: 30459331 PMCID: PMC6244193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Unplanned extubation (UE) can be associated with fatal outcome; however, an accurate model for predicting the mortality of UE patients in intensive care units (ICU) is lacking. Therefore, we aim to compare the performances of various machine learning models and conventional parameters to predict the mortality of UE patients in the ICU. A total of 341 patients with UE in ICUs of Chi-Mei Medical Center between December 2008 and July 2017 were enrolled and their demographic features, clinical manifestations, and outcomes were collected for analysis. Four machine learning models including artificial neural networks, logistic regression models, random forest models, and support vector machines were constructed and their predictive performances were compared with each other and conventional parameters. Of the 341 UE patients included in the study, the ICU mortality rate is 17.6%. The random forest model is determined to be the most suitable model for this dataset with F1 0.860, precision 0.882, and recall 0.850 in the test set, and an area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.910 (SE: 0.022, 95% CI: 0.867–0.954). The area under ROC curves of the random forest model was significantly greater than that of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II (0.779, 95% CI: 0.716–0.841), Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS) (0.645, 95% CI: 0.564–0.726), and Glasgow Coma scales (0.577, 95%: CI 0.497–0.657). The results revealed that the random forest model was the best model to predict the mortality of UE patients in ICUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hsuen Hsieh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Meng Ju Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
| | - Chin-Ming Chen
- Department of Recreation and Health Care Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Chang Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Chao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan.
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The Assessment of the Risk of Unplanned Extubation in an Adult Intensive Care Unit. Dimens Crit Care Nurs 2018; 36:14-21. [PMID: 27902657 DOI: 10.1097/dcc.0000000000000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to plan and implement nursing intervention to reduce the incidence rate of unplanned extubation problem in the intensive care unit (ICU), it is necessary to determine the risk factors of unplanned extubation and the patients under risk. AIMS This study was undertaken with the aim of evaluating the risk of unplanned extubation of endotracheal tube in adult ICU. DESIGN This was a case-control study. METHODS The population constituted patients hospitalized in the adult ICU during 1-year period in a university hospital. The sample from this population was composed of patients whose extubation was unplanned (30 patients) and the randomly selected patients (60 patients) who were intubated at the same time in the ICU for each patient whose extubation was unplanned. In data collection, the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale, Glasgow Coma Scale, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II were utilized. FINDINGS According to the findings, the variables such as sex, age, mechanical ventilation period, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Glasgow Coma Scale scores did not have any effect on the unplanned extubation, but variables such as internal medicine diseases and Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale did have an effect. It was also revealed that there was no extubation plan in most of the unplanned extubation group, the nurse was anticipating the unplanned extubation, the patient was intubated again, and a complication occurred. CONCLUSION The patients who are provided inadequate sedation and analgesia and who have problems in their respiratory system are under risk of unplanned extubation. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE In order to prevent unplanned extubation, an adequate amount of sedation and private nursing care should be provided to patients in the ICU.
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Lema-Zuluaga GL, Fernandez-Laverde M, Correa-Varela AM, Zuleta-Tobón JJ. As-needed endotracheal suctioning protocol vs a routine endotracheal suctioning in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A randomized controlled trial. COLOMBIA MEDICA (CALI, COLOMBIA) 2018; 49:148-153. [PMID: 30104806 PMCID: PMC6084919 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v49i2.2273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare two endotracheal suctioning protocols according to morbidity, days of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) and mortality. Methods: A Pragmatic randomized controlled trial performed at University Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellin-Colombia. Forty-five children underwent an as-needed endotracheal suctioning protocol and forty five underwent a routine endotracheal suctioning protocol. Composite primary end point was the presence of hypoxemia, arrhythmias, accidental extubation and heart arrest. A logistic function trough generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to calculate the Relative Risk for the main outcome. Results: Characteristics of patients were similar between groups. The composite primary end point was found in 22 (47%) of intervention group and 25 (55%) children of control group (RR= 0.84; 95% CI: 0.56-1.25), as well in 35 (5.8%) of 606 endotracheal suctioning performed to intervention group and 48 (7.4%) of 649 performed to control group (OR= 0.80; 95% CI: 0.5-1.3). Conclusions: There were no differences between an as-needed and a routine endotracheal suctioning protocol. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01069185
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Lucía Lema-Zuluaga
- Epidemiology Academic Group (GRAEPIC), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.,Research Unit, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | - John J Zuleta-Tobón
- Epidemiology Academic Group (GRAEPIC), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.,Research Unit, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
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Ai ZP, Gao XL, Zhao XL. Factors associated with unplanned extubation in the Intensive Care Unit for adult patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2018; 47:62-68. [PMID: 29653888 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore factors associated with unplanned extubation in Intensive Care Unit for adult patients. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed of studies identified through Pubmed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and Web of Science published from initiation to September 2017. Only articles in English were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included articles. RESULTS Ten eligible studies were identified, encompassing a total of 2092 patients (457 in the unplanned extubation group; 1635 in the control group). The subsequent meta-analysis identified significant risk factors for unplanned extubation are male [odds ratio (OR) 1.54, 95% CI 1.12-2.12; P = 0.008], confusion [OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.05-0.17; P < 0.00001], physical restraint [OR 3.10, 95% CI 2.21-4.34; P < 0.00001], higher GCS scores [mean difference (MD) 1.06, 95% CI 0.59-1.52; P < 0.00001] and lower APACHE II scores [MD -2.26, 95% CI -3.35- -1.16; P < 0.0001]. Renal disease is a protective factor for unplanned extubation [OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.15-0.70; P = 0.004]. CONCLUSION Patients were male, confused, having physical restraint, with higher GCS and lower APACHE II scores are significant risk factors for unplanned extubation in Intensive Care Unit adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ping Ai
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiao-Lan Gao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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30
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Accuracy of Invasive and Noninvasive Parameters for Diagnosing Ventilatory Overassistance During Pressure Support Ventilation*. Crit Care Med 2018; 46:411-417. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Combined Thoracic Ultrasound Assessment during a Successful Weaning Trial Predicts Postextubation Distress. Anesthesiology 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Recent studies suggest that isolated sonographic assessment of the respiratory, cardiac, or neuromuscular functions in mechanically ventilated patients may assist in identifying patients at risk of postextubation distress. The aim of the present study was to prospectively investigate the value of an integrated thoracic ultrasound evaluation, encompassing bedside respiratory, cardiac, and diaphragm sonographic data in predicting postextubation distress.
Methods
Longitudinal ultrasound data from 136 patients who were extubated after passing a trial of pressure support ventilation were measured immediately after the start and at the end of this trial. In case of postextubation distress (31 of 136 patients), an additional combined ultrasound assessment was performed while the patient was still in acute respiratory failure. We applied machine-learning methods to improve the accuracy of the related predictive assessments.
Results
Overall, integrated thoracic ultrasound models accurately predict postextubation distress when applied to thoracic ultrasound data immediately recorded before the start and at the end of the trial of pressure support ventilation (learning sample area under the curve: start, 0.921; end, 0.951; test sample area under the curve: start, 0.972; end, 0.920). Among integrated thoracic ultrasound data, the recognition of lung interstitial edema and the increased telediastolic left ventricular pressure were the most relevant predictive factors. In addition, the use of thoracic ultrasound appeared to be highly accurate in identifying the causes of postextubation distress.
Conclusions
The decision to attempt extubation could be significantly assisted by an integrative, dynamic, and fully bedside ultrasonographic assessment of cardiac, lung, and diaphragm functions.
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Quintard H, l’Her E, Pottecher J, Adnet F, Constantin JM, De Jong A, Diemunsch P, Fesseau R, Freynet A, Girault C, Guitton C, Hamonic Y, Maury E, Mekontso-Dessap A, Michel F, Nolent P, Perbet S, Prat G, Roquilly A, Tazarourte K, Terzi N, Thille A, Alves M, Gayat E, Donetti L. Intubation and extubation of the ICU patient. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2017; 36:327-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Chao CM, Sung MI, Cheng KC, Lai CC, Chan KS, Cheng AC, Hsing SC, Chen CM. Prognostic factors and outcomes of unplanned extubation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8636. [PMID: 28819204 PMCID: PMC5561237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the prognostic factors and outcomes of unplanned extubation (UE) in patients in a medical center’s 6 intensive care units (ICUs) and calculated their mortality risk. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all adult patients in Chi Mei Medical Center who underwent UE between 2009 and 2015. During the study period, there were 305 episodes of UE in 295 ICU patients (men: 199 [67.5%]; mean age: 65.7 years; age range: 18–94 years). The mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was 16.4, mean therapeutic intervention scoring system (TISS) score was 26.5, and mean Glasgow coma scale score was 10.4. One hundred thirty-six patients (46.1%) were re-intubated within 48 h. Forty-five died (mortality rate: 15.3%). Multivariate analyses showed 5 risk factors—respiratory rate, APACHE II score, uremia, liver cirrhosis, and weaning status—were independently associated with mortality. In conclusion, five risk factors including a high respiratory rate before UE, high APACHE II score, uremia, liver cirrhosis, and not in the process of being weaned—were associated with high mortality in patients who underwent UE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Chao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
| | - Mei-I Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
| | - Khee-Siang Chan
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Chin Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Hsing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ming Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Recreation and Health-Care Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Chao CM, Lai CC, Chan KS, Cheng KC, Ho CH, Chen CM, Chou W. Multidisciplinary interventions and continuous quality improvement to reduce unplanned extubation in adult intensive care units: A 15-year experience. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6877. [PMID: 28682859 PMCID: PMC5502132 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We conduct a retrospective study of patients with unplanned extubation (UE) in adult intensive care units (ICU) at a medical center. In 2001, a multidisciplinary team of intensivists, senior residents, nurses, and respiratory therapists was established at Chi Mei Medical Center. The improvement interventions, implemented between 2001 and 2015, were organized around 8 key areas: standardizing procedures, improving communication skills, revising sedation and weaning protocols, changing strategies for restraints, establishing a task force for identifying and managing high-risk patients, using new quality-improvement models as breakthrough series and team resource management, using the strategy of accountability without assigning blame, and changing a new method to secure endotracheal tube. We measured the outcome as the annual event and the rate of UE. During this 15-year period, there were 1404 episodes of UE, with 44,015 episodes of mechanical ventilation (MV) (319,158 ventilator-days). The overall rate of UE was 3.19/100 ventilated patients (4.40/1000 ventilator-days). In 2001, there were 188 episodes of UE and the rate of UE was 6.82/100 ventilated patients or 9.0/1000 ventilator-days. After this continue quality improvement project had been implemented, the annual number of episodes of UE declined to 27, and the rate fell to 0.95/100 ventilated patients or 1.36/1000 ventilator-days in 2015. Overall, the trend analysis showed the change was significant with P < .0001. In conclusion, UE in adult ICU can be continuously and effectively reduced using multidisciplinary and sequential quality improvement interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Chao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying
| | | | - Kuo-Chen Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center
- Department of Safety, Health and Environment, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science
| | - Chin-Ming Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine
- Department of Recreation and Health-Care Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Willy Chou
- Department of Recreation and Health-Care Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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Girault C, Gacouin A. [Weaning from mechanical ventilation. Role of conventional methods and non-invasive ventilation for weaning]. Rev Mal Respir 2017; 34:450-464. [PMID: 28502363 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Girault
- Service de réanimation médicale, institut de recherche et d'innovation biomédicale (IRIB), hôpital Charles-Nicolle, hôpitaux de Rouen, groupe de recherche sur le Handicap ventilatoire (GRHV), UPRES EA 3830, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université de Rouen, CHU de Rouen, 76031 Rouen cedex, France
| | - A Gacouin
- Inserm-CIC, service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale, hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU de Rennes, 35043 Rennes, France.
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Cohn JE, Touati A, Lentner M, Weitzel M, Fisher C, Sataloff RT. Self-extubation Laryngeal Injuries at an Academic Tertiary Care Center: A Retrospective Pilot Study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2017; 126:555-560. [PMID: 28503976 DOI: 10.1177/0003489417709795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to identify laryngeal symptoms and injuries in self-extubated patients. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify symptoms and clinical findings associated with self-extubation. A novel scoring system was developed and used to quantify these findings. Symptom score included all symptoms that patients reported after self-extubation. Clinical score consisted of laryngeal findings visualized on nasopharyngeal laryngoscopy. Finally, a total self-extubation score was calculated as the sum of the symptom and clinical scores. Additionally, duration of intubation and endotracheal tube size were correlated with these scores. RESULTS Sixty (n = 60) patients who self-extubated in our institution's intensive care unit were identified. Average calculated symptom, clinical, and total self-extubation scores were 0.92, 1.43, and 2.35, respectively. The most common symptom observed was hoarseness (62%), while the most common clinical finding was posterior laryngeal edema (58%). A significant positive correlation was found between duration of intubation and both symptom score and total self-extubation score (r = 0.314, P = .008 and r = 0.223, P = .05, respectively). Symptom score predicted clinical score with a significant positive correlation present (r = 0.278, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the majority of self-extubated patients have laryngeal symptoms and clinical findings. A comprehensive, multidisciplinary evaluation is warranted for self-extubations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Cohn
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Touati
- 3 Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark Lentner
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark Weitzel
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Casey Fisher
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert T Sataloff
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hsiung Lee ES, Jiann Lim DT, Taculod JM, Sahagun JT, Otero JP, Teo K, Loh WNH, Hui Tan AY. Factors Associated with Reintubation in an Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Observational Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2017; 21:131-137. [PMID: 28400683 PMCID: PMC5363101 DOI: 10.4103/ijccm.ijccm_452_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: The objective of the study was to determine the incidence of failed extubations in our Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and identify associated clinical factors. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study of mechanically ventilated patients who underwent extubation attempts in our (predominantly surgical) ICU was undertaken from July 2012 to August 2013. The primary endpoint was the need for nonelective reintubation within 72 h of extubation. Clinical data of the reintubated patients were compared with those who were successfully extubated to identify factors associated with reintubation. Results: Five hundred and eight extubation attempts were documented, 38 (7.5%) of which were unsuccessful. On multivariate analysis, the following clinical factors were found to be associated with an increased risk of failed extubation: unplanned extubations (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 5.8), the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) postextubation (adjusted OR 3.2), and sepsis (adjusted OR 2.9). Patient demographic factors, other premorbid and comorbid medical conditions, and differences of laboratory parameters did not appear to significantly influence reintubation rates in our study. Conclusions: Our study has demonstrated a relatively low reintubation rate, likely due to inclusion of elective admissions/intubations in our patient population. Unplanned extubations, the use of NIV postextubation, and sepsis were associated with increased reintubation risk, reinforcing the need for increased vigilance in this subgroup of patients after extubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Shih Hsiung Lee
- Department of Anesthesia, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore
| | - Danny Tse Jiann Lim
- Department of Anesthesia, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore
| | - Juvel Mabao Taculod
- Department of Anesthesia, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore
| | | | - Joerie Pasive Otero
- Department of Anesthesia, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore
| | - Kaimin Teo
- Department of Anesthesia, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore
| | - Will Ne-Hooi Loh
- Department of Anesthesia, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore
| | - Addy Yong Hui Tan
- Department of Anesthesia, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we discuss the causes for a failed weaning trial and specific diagnostic tests that could be conducted to identify the cause for weaning failure. We briefly highlight treatment strategies that may enhance the chance of weaning success. RECENT FINDINGS Impaired respiratory mechanics, respiratory muscle dysfunction, cardiac dysfunction, cognitive dysfunction, and metabolic disorders are recognized causes for weaning failure. In addition, iatrogenic factors may be at play. Most studies have focused on respiratory muscle dysfunction and cardiac dysfunction. Recent studies demonstrate that both ultrasound and electromyography are valuable tools to evaluate respiratory muscle function in ventilated patients. Sophisticated ultrasound techniques and biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide, are valuable tools to identify cardiac dysfunction as a cause for weaning failure. Once a cause for weaning failure has been identified specific treatment should be instituted. Concerning treatment, both strength training and endurance training should be considered for patients with respiratory muscle weakness. Inotropes and vasodilators should be considered in case of heart failure. SUMMARY Understanding the complex pathophysiology of weaning failure in combination with a systematic diagnostic approach allows identification of the primary cause of weaning failure. This will help the clinician to choose a specific treatment strategy and therefore may fasten liberation from mechanical ventilation.
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da Silva PSL, Reis ME, Fonseca TSM, Fonseca MCM. Predicting Reintubation After Unplanned Extubations in Children: Art or Science? J Intensive Care Med 2016; 33:467-474. [PMID: 29806510 DOI: 10.1177/0885066616675130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reintubation following unplanned extubation (UE) is often required and associated with increased morbidity; however, knowledge of risk factors leading to reintubation and subsequent outcomes in children is still lacking. We sought to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes related to reintubation after UEs. METHODS All mechanically ventilated children were prospectively tracked for UEs over a 7-year period in a pediatric intensive care unit. For each UE event, data associated with reintubation within 24 hours and outcomes were collected. RESULTS Of 757 intubated patients, 87 UE occurred out of 11 335 intubation days (0.76 UE/100 intubation days), with 57 (65%) requiring reintubation. Most of the UEs that did not require reintubation were already weaning ventilator settings prior to UE (73%). Univariate analysis showed that younger children (<1 year) required reintubation more frequently after an UE. Patients experiencing UE during weaning experienced significantly fewer reintubations, whereas 90% of patients with full mechanical ventilation support required reintubation. Logistic regression revealed that requirement of full ventilator support (odds ratio: 37.5) and a COMFORT score <26 (odds ratio: 5.5) were associated with UE failure. There were no differences between reintubated and nonreintubated patients regarding the length of hospital stay, ventilator-associated pneumonia rate, need for tracheostomy, and mortality. Cardiovascular and respiratory complications were seen in 33% of the reintubations. CONCLUSION The rate of reintubation is high in children experiencing UE. Requirement of full ventilator support and a COMFORT score <26 are associated with reintubation. Prospective research is required to better understand the reintubation decisions and needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Sérgio Lucas da Silva
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Eunice Reis
- 2 Division of Neonatology, Hospital e Maternidade Santa Joana, São Paulo, Brazil
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Buckley JC, Brown AP, Shin JS, Rogers KM, Hoftman NN. A Comparison of the Haider Tube-Guard® Endotracheal Tube Holder Versus Adhesive Tape to Determine if This Novel Device Can Reduce Endotracheal Tube Movement and Prevent Unplanned Extubation. Anesth Analg 2016; 122:1439-43. [PMID: 26983051 PMCID: PMC4830749 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Endotracheal tube security is a critical safety issue. We compared the mobility of an in situ endotracheal tube secured with adhesive tape to the one secured with a new commercially available purpose-designed endotracheal tube-holder device (Haider Tube-Guard®). We also observed for the incidence of oropharyngeal or facial trauma associated with the 2 tube fixation methods. METHODS: Thirty adult patients undergoing general anesthesia with neuromuscular blockade were prospectively enrolled. Immediately after intubation, a single study author positioned the endotracheal tube tip in the distal trachea using a bronchoscope. Anesthesiologists caring for patients secured the tube in their normal fashion (always with adhesive tape). A force transducer was used to apply linear force, increasing to 15 N or until the principal investigator deemed that the force be aborted for safety reasons. The displacement of the endotracheal tube was measured with the bronchoscope. Any tape was then removed and the endotracheal tube secured with the Haider Tube-Guard device. The linear force was reapplied and the displacement of the endotracheal tube measured. The Haider Tube-Guard device was left in place for the duration of the case. The patient’s face and oropharynx were examined for any evidence of trauma during surgery and in the recovery room. On discharge from the postanesthesia care unit, the patient answered a brief survey assessing for any subjective evidence of minor facial or oropharyngeal trauma. RESULTS: Under standardized tension, the endotracheal tube withdrew a mean distance of 3.4 cm when secured with adhesive tape versus 0.3 cm when secured with the Haider Tube-Guard (P <0.001). Ninety-seven percent of patients (29/30) experienced clinically significant endotracheal tube movement (>1 cm) when adhesive tape was used to secure the tube versus 3% (1/30) when the Haider Tube-Guard was used (P <0.001). Thirty percent of patients (9/30) were potentially deemed a high extubation risk (endotracheal tube movement >4 cm) when the endotracheal tube was secured with tape versus 0% (0/30) when secured with the Haider Tube-Guard (P = 0.004). Six patients with taped endotracheal tubes required the traction to be aborted before 15 N of force was achieved to prevent potential extubation as the tape either separated from the face or stretched to allow excessive endotracheal tube movement. None of the patients appeared to sustain any injury from the Haider Tube-Guard device. CONCLUSIONS: The Haider Tube-Guard significantly reduced the mobility of the endotracheal tube when compared with adhesive tape and was well tolerated in our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C Buckley
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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Nielson C, Wingett D. Intensive care and invasive ventilation in the elderly patient, implications of chronic lung disease and comorbidities. Chron Respir Dis 2016; 1:43-54. [PMID: 16281668 DOI: 10.1191/1479972304cd012rs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Elderly patients have an increasing prevalence of illness that requires consideration of critical care and invasive ventilatory support. Although critical care of even the very elderly can provide value, with increasing age the potential risks of treatment and diminishing returns with respect to quality and quantity of life result in a need for careful evaluation. Variable combinations of impaired organ function, active disease and residual pathology from past disease and injury all affect critical care, with the consequence that the elderly are a very heterogeneous population. Recognizing that critical care is a limited resource, it is important to identify patients who may be at increased risk or least likely to benefit from treatment. Patients with functional impairments, nutritional deficiencies and multiple comorbidities may be at highest risk of poor outcomes. Those with very severe disease, extreme age and requirements for prolonged ventilatory support have high in-hospital mortality. Functional impairments, comorbidities and severity of illness are usually more important considerations than chronologic age. The objective of this review is to identify how common problems of the elderly affect critical care and decisions concerning use of invasive ventilatory support.
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Dasgupta S, Singh SS, Chaudhuri A, Bhattacharya D, Choudhury SD. Airway accidents in critical care unit: A 3-year retrospective study in a Public Teaching Hospital of Eastern India. Indian J Crit Care Med 2016; 20:91-6. [PMID: 27076709 PMCID: PMC4810939 DOI: 10.4103/0972-5229.175946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although tracheal tubes are essential devices to control and protect airway in a critical care unit (CCU), they are not free from complications. Aims: To document the incidence and nature of airway accidents in the CCU of a government teaching hospital in Eastern India. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all airway accidents in a 5-bedded (medical and surgical) CCU. The number, types, timing, and severity of airway accidents were analyzed. Results: The total accident rate was 19 in 233 intubated and/or tracheostomized patients over 1657 tube days (TDs) during 3 years. Fourteen occurred in 232 endotracheally intubated patients over 1075 endotracheal tube (ETT) days, and five occurred in 44 tracheostomized patients over 580 tracheostomy TDs. Fifteen accidents were due to blocked tubes. Rest four were unplanned extubations (UEs), all being accidental extubations. All blockages occurred during night shifts and all UEs during day shifts. Five accidents were mild, the rest moderate. No major accident led to cardiorespiratory arrest or death. All blockages occurred after 7th day of intubation. The outcome of accidents were more favorable in tracheostomy group compared to ETT group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of airway accidents was 8.2 accidents per 100 patients. Blockages were the most common accidents followed by UEs. Ten out of the 15 blockages and all 4 UEs were in endotracheally intubated patients. Tracheostomized patients had 5 blockages and no UEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugata Dasgupta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, RG Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shipti Shradha Singh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, RG Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arunima Chaudhuri
- Department of Physiology, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipasri Bhattacharya
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, RG Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean G Smith
- Sean G. Smith is a nurse-paramedic and chief executive officer of Critical-Care Professionals International, Durham, North Carolina.Tom Pietrantonio is a respiratory therapist at Venice Regional Bayfront Health, Venice, Florida, and a flight espiratory therapist at AirTrek Air Ambulance, Punta Gorda, Florida.
| | - Tom Pietrantonio
- Sean G. Smith is a nurse-paramedic and chief executive officer of Critical-Care Professionals International, Durham, North Carolina.Tom Pietrantonio is a respiratory therapist at Venice Regional Bayfront Health, Venice, Florida, and a flight espiratory therapist at AirTrek Air Ambulance, Punta Gorda, Florida
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Vaschetto R, Frigerio P, Sommariva M, Boggero A, Rondi V, Grossi F, Cavuto S, Nava S, Corte FD, Navalesi P. Evaluation of a systematic approach to weaning of tracheotomized neurological patients: an early interrupted randomized controlled trial. Ann Intensive Care 2015; 5:54. [PMID: 26698596 PMCID: PMC4689720 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-015-0098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While a systematic approach to weaning reduces the rate of extubation failure in intubated brain-injured patients, no data are available on the weaning outcome of these patients after tracheotomy. We aimed to assess whether a systematic approach to disconnect tracheotomized neurological and neurosurgical patients off the ventilator (intervention) is superior to the sole physician’s judgment (control). Based on previous work in intubated patients, we hypothesized a reduction of the rate of failure within 48 h from 15 to 5 %. Secondary endpoints were duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay and mortality. Methods We designed a single center randomized controlled study. Since no data are available on tracheotomized patients, we based our a priori power analysis on results derived from intubated patients and calculated an overall sample size of 280 patients. Results After inclusion of 168 consecutive patients, the trial was interrupted because the attending physicians judged the observed rate of reconnection to be much greater than expected. The overall rate of failure was 29 %, confirming the physicians’ judgment. Twenty-one patients (24 %) in the intervention group and 27 (33 %) controls were reconnected to the ventilator within 48 h (p = 0.222). The main reasons for failure were respiratory distress (80 and 88 % in the treatment and control group, respectively), hemodynamic impairment (15 and 4 % in the treatment and control group, respectively), neurological deterioration (4 % in the control group only). The duration of mechanical ventilation was of 412 ± 202 h and 402 ± 189 h, in the control and intervention group, respectively. ICU length of stay was on average of 23 days for both groups. ICU mortality was 6 % in the control and 2 % in the intervention group without significant differences. Conclusion We found no difference between the two groups under evaluation, with a rate of failure much higher than expected. Consequent to the early interruption, our study results to be underpowered. Based on the results of the present study, a further trial should overall enroll 790 patients. Trial registration: ACTRN12612000372886
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Vaschetto
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Pamela Frigerio
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Niguarda Ca' Granda, Piazza Dell'Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162, Milano, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Sommariva
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Niguarda Ca' Granda, Piazza Dell'Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162, Milano, Italy.
| | - Arianna Boggero
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Valentina Rondi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Alessandria-Novara-Vercelli, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Francesca Grossi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Silvio Cavuto
- Department of Infrastructure Research and Statistics, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Viale Umberto I 50, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Nava
- Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 33, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesco Della Corte
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100, Novara, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Alessandria-Novara-Vercelli, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Paolo Navalesi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Alessandria-Novara-Vercelli, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy. .,Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, C.so M. Abbiate 21, 13100, Vercelli, Italy. .,CRRF Mons. L. Novarese, Moncrivello, Localita' Trompone, 13040, Vercelli, Italy.
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Chuang ML, Lee CY, Chen YF, Huang SF, Lin IF. Revisiting Unplanned Endotracheal Extubation and Disease Severity in Intensive Care Units. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139864. [PMID: 26484674 PMCID: PMC4617893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most reports regarding unplanned extubation (UE) are case-control studies with matching age and disease severity. To avoid diminishing differences in matched factors, this study with only matching duration of mechanical ventilation aimed to re-examine the risk factors and the factors governing outcomes of UE in intensive care units (ICUs). This case-control study was conducted on 1,775 subjects intubated for mechanical ventilation. Thirty-seven (2.1%) subjects with UE were identified, and 156 non-UE subjects were randomly selected as the control group. Demographic data, acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, and outcomes of UE were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of UE. Milder disease, younger age, and higher Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores with more frequently being physically restrained (all p<0.05) were related to UE. Logistic regression revealed that APACHE II score (odds ratio (OR) 0.91, p<0.01), respiratory infection (OR 0.24, p<0.01), physical restraint (OR 5.36, p<0.001), and certain specific diseases (OR 3.79–5.62, p<0.05) were related to UE. The UE patients had a lower ICU mortality rate (p<0.01) and a trend of lower in-hospital mortality rate (p = 0.08). Cox regression analysis revealed that in-hospital mortality was associated with APACHE II score, age, shock, and oxygen used, all of which were co-linear, but not UE. The results showed that milder disease with higher GCS scores thereby requiring a higher use of physical restraints were related to UE. Disease severity but not UE was associated with in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lung Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MLC); (CYL)
| | - Chai-Yuan Lee
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MLC); (CYL)
| | - Yi-Fang Chen
- Division of Respiratory Care, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Feng Lin
- Institute and Department of Public Health, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lee TW, Hong JW, Yoo JW, Ju S, Lee SH, Lee SJ, Cho YJ, Jeong YY, Lee JD, Kim HC. Unplanned Extubation in Patients with Mechanical Ventilation: Experience in the Medical Intensive Care Unit of a Single Tertiary Hospital. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2015; 78:336-40. [PMID: 26508920 PMCID: PMC4620326 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2015.78.4.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Potentially harmful unplanned extubation (UE) may occur in patients on mechanical ventilation (MV) in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of UE and its impact on clinical outcomes in patients with MV in a medical ICU (MICU). Methods We retrospectively evaluated MICU data prospectively collected between December 2011 and May 2014. Results A total of 468 patients were admitted to the MICU, of whom 450 were on MV. Of the patients on MV, 30 (6.7%) experienced UE; 13 (43.3%) required reintubation after UE, whereas 17 (56.7%) did not require reintubation. Patients who required reintubation had a significantly longer MV duration and ICU stay than did those not requiring reintubation (19.4±15.1 days vs. 5.9±5.9 days days and 18.1±14.2 days vs. 7.1±6.5 days, respectively; p<0.05). In addition, mortality rate was significantly higher among patients requiring reintubation than among those not requiring reintubation (54.5% vs. 5.9%; p=0.007). These two groups of patients exhibited no significant differences, within 2 hours after UE, in the fraction of inspired oxygen, blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and pH. Conclusion Although reintubation may not always be required in patients with UE, it is associated with a poor outcome after UE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jung-Wan Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sunmi Ju
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yu Ji Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yi Yeong Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jong Deog Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ho Cheol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with unplanned extubation in PICUs. DESIGN A prospective, case-controlled multicenter study. SETTING Eleven Pediatric Intensive Care Units collaborating through the National Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions PICU focus group. PATIENTS Patients with unplanned extubation events and control patients without unplanned extubation. INTERVENTIONS Unplanned extubation events were prospectively tracked for 1 year at 11 centers. When an unplanned extubation occurred, up to four controls were randomly identified of other intubated patients in the unit. For each event and control, data associated with unplanned extubation events, reintubation, and outcomes were collected. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS One hundred eighty-nine unplanned extubation events occurred out of 25,500 endotracheal tube days in the study (0.74 unplanned extubations/100 endotracheal days; 95% CI, 0.64-0.85), with 654 associated controls. Unplanned extubation rates ranged by site from 0.3 to 2.1 unplanned extubations/100 endotracheal days. Children less than 6 years had an increased rate of unplanned extubation (0.83 for < 6 yr vs 0.45 for ≥ 6 yr; p = 0.001). After multivariate analysis, inadequate patient sedation (odds ratio, 9.1; 95% CI, 4.5-18.5), loose or slimy endotracheal tube (odds ratio, 10.4; 95% CI, 5.0-22.2), a planned extubation in the next 12 hours (odds ratio, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3-4.1), and a nurse pulled from another unit (odds ratio, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.4-9.9) were associated with unplanned extubation. Sixty percent of unplanned extubations required reintubation. CONCLUSIONS The rate of unplanned extubation is higher in patients aged less than 6 years. Patient factors, such as decreased level of sedation, loose or slimy endotracheal tube, and staffing factors such as floating nurse from another unit, contribute to unplanned extubation in children.
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Lee AL, Chung CR, Yang JH, Jeon K, Park CM, Suh GY. Factors Affecting Invasive Management after Unplanned Extubation in an Intensive Care Unit. Korean J Crit Care Med 2015. [DOI: 10.4266/kjccm.2015.30.3.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Case-Mix, Care Processes, and Outcomes in Medically-Ill Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation in a Low-Resource Setting from Southern India: A Prospective Clinical Case Series. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135336. [PMID: 26262995 PMCID: PMC4532502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanical ventilation is a resource intensive organ support treatment, and historical studies from low-resource settings had reported a high mortality. We aimed to study the outcomes in patients receiving mechanical ventilation in a contemporary low-resource setting. Methods We prospectively studied the characteristics and outcomes (disease-related, mechanical ventilation-related, and process of care-related) in 237 adults mechanically ventilated for a medical illness at a teaching hospital in southern India during February 2011 to August 2012. Vital status of patients discharged from hospital was ascertained on Day 90 or later. Results Mean age of the patients was 40 ± 17 years; 140 (51%) were men. Poisoning and envenomation accounted for 98 (41%) of 237 admissions. In total, 87 (37%) patients died in-hospital; 16 (7%) died after discharge; 115 (49%) were alive at 90-day assessment; and 19 (8%) were lost to follow-up. Weaning was attempted in 171 (72%) patients; most patients (78 of 99 [79%]) failing the first attempt could be weaned off. Prolonged mechanical ventilation was required in 20 (8%) patients. Adherence to head-end elevation and deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis were 164 (69%) and 147 (62%) respectively. Risk of nosocomial infections particularly ventilator-associated pneumonia was high (57.2 per 1,000 ventilator-days). Higher APACHE II score quartiles (adjusted HR [95% CI] quartile 2, 2.65 [1.19–5.89]; quartile 3, 2.98 [1.24–7.15]; quartile 4, 5.78 [2.45–13.60]), and new-onset organ failure (2.98 [1.94–4.56]) were independently associated with the risk of death. Patients with poisoning had higher risk of reintubation (43% vs. 20%; P = 0.001) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (75% vs. 53%; P = 0.001). But, their mortality was significantly lower compared to the rest (24% vs. 44%; P = 0.002). Conclusions The case-mix considerably differs from other settings. Mortality in this low-resource setting is similar to high-resource settings. But, further improvements in care processes and prevention of nosocomial infections are required.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the attributable hospital cost, both operational and departmental, and length of stay associated with unplanned extubations in children admitted to PICU and cardiac ICU. DESIGN Retrospective, matched case-control study. SETTING Forty-four-bed PICU and 26-bed cardiac ICU in a 303-bed tertiary care pediatric hospital. PATIENTS Cases with an unplanned extubation were retrospectively identified from July 2011 to March 2013. Controls were PICU and cardiac ICU patients admitted over the same time period and were matched at a ratio of 2:1 for age and diagnosis. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Forty-eight unplanned extubations were analyzed. There were no differences in patient demographics between the two groups, except the control group had a higher severity of illness as illustrated by a larger Paediatric Index of Mortality II Risk of Mortality. Median total hospital costs were higher in those patients with unplanned extubations as compared with controls ($101,310 vs $64,618; p < 0.001). Patients with an unplanned extubation had longer median ICU length of stay (10 d vs 4.5 d; p < 0.001) and hospital length of stay (16.5 d vs 10 d, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Pediatric patients with unplanned extubations have an associated increase in hospital costs ($36,692/case) and length of stay (6.5 d/case) as compared with age and diagnosis-matched controls. Further efforts are warranted to establish data-driven benchmarks and establishment of unplanned extubations as a critical metric for ICU quality.
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