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Suarez-Pajes E, Díaz-García C, Rodríguez-Pérez H, Lorenzo-Salazar JM, Marcelino-Rodríguez I, Corrales A, Zheng X, Callero A, Perez-Rodriguez E, Garcia-Robaina JC, González-Montelongo R, Flores C, Guillen-Guio B. Targeted analysis of genomic regions enriched in African ancestry reveals novel classical HLA alleles associated with asthma in Southwestern Europeans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23686. [PMID: 34880287 PMCID: PMC8654850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite asthma has a considerable genetic component, an important proportion of genetic risks remain unknown, especially for non-European populations. Canary Islanders have the largest African genetic ancestry observed among Southwestern Europeans and the highest asthma prevalence in Spain. Here we examined broad chromosomal regions previously associated with an excess of African genetic ancestry in Canary Islanders, with the aim of identifying novel risk variants associated with asthma susceptibility. In a two-stage cases-control study, we revealed a variant within HLA-DQB1 significantly associated with asthma risk (rs1049213, meta-analysis p = 1.30 × 10–7, OR [95% CI] = 1.74 [1.41–2.13]) previously associated with asthma and broad allergic phenotype. Subsequent fine-mapping analyses of classical HLA alleles revealed a novel allele significantly associated with asthma protection (HLA-DQA1*01:02, meta-analysis p = 3.98 × 10–4, OR [95% CI] = 0.64 [0.50–0.82]) that had been linked to infectious and autoimmune diseases, and peanut allergy. HLA haplotype analyses revealed a novel haplotype DQA1*01:02-DQB1*06:04 conferring asthma protection (meta-analysis p = 4.71 × 10–4, OR [95% CI] = 0.47 [0.29– 0.73]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Suarez-Pajes
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Claudio Díaz-García
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Héctor Rodríguez-Pérez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose M Lorenzo-Salazar
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico Y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Itahisa Marcelino-Rodríguez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Almudena Corrales
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xiuwen Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ariel Callero
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Eva Perez-Rodriguez
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose C Garcia-Robaina
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Flores
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. .,Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico Y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. .,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Guillen-Guio
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. .,Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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2
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Hernandez-Pacheco N, Guillen-Guio B, Acosta-Herrera M, Pino-Yanes M, Corrales A, Ambrós A, Nogales L, Muriel A, González-Higueras E, Diaz-Dominguez FJ, Zavala E, Belda J, Ma SF, Villar J, Flores C. A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor gene variant is associated with susceptibility to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med Exp 2018; 6:16. [PMID: 29987654 PMCID: PMC6037659 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-018-0181-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the main causes of mortality in adults admitted to intensive care units. Previous studies have demonstrated the existence of genetic variants involved in the susceptibility and outcomes of this syndrome. We aimed to identify novel genes implicated in sepsis-induced ARDS susceptibility. METHODS We first performed a prioritization of candidate genes by integrating our own genomic data from a transcriptomic study in an animal model of ARDS and from the only published genome-wide association study of ARDS study in humans. Then, we selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from prioritized genes to conduct a case-control discovery association study in patients with sepsis-induced ARDS (n = 225) and population-based controls (n = 899). Finally, we validated our findings in an independent sample of 661 sepsis-induced ARDS cases and 234 at-risk controls. RESULTS Three candidate genes were prioritized: dynein cytoplasmic-2 heavy chain-1, fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1), and integrin alpha-1. Of those, a SNP from FLT1 gene (rs9513106) was associated with ARDS in the discovery study, with an odds ratio (OR) for the C allele of 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58-0.98 (p = 0.037). This result was replicated in an independent study (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.62-0.98, p = 0.039), showing consistent direction of effects in a meta-analysis (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.65-0.92, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS We identified FLT1 as a novel ARDS susceptibility gene and demonstrated that integration of genomic data can be a valid procedure to identify novel susceptibility genes. These results contribute to previous firm associations and functional evidences implicating FLT1 gene in other complex traits that are mechanistically linked, through the key role of endothelium, to the pathophysiology of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Hernandez-Pacheco
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Beatriz Guillen-Guio
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Marialbert Acosta-Herrera
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, P.T.S, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Pino-Yanes
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
| | - Almudena Corrales
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Ambrós
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Leonor Nogales
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Arturo Muriel
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Zavala
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Belda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Shwu-Fan Ma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jesús Villar
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Flores
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Nedovic D, Panic N, Pastorino R, Ricciardi W, Boccia S. Evaluation of the Endorsement of the STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association Studies (STREGA) Statement on the Reporting Quality of Published Genetic Association Studies. J Epidemiol 2016; 26:399-404. [PMID: 27349199 PMCID: PMC4967660 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20150173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA) statement was based on the STrengthening the REporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement, and it was published in 2009 in order to improve the reporting of genetic association (GA) studies. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of STREGA endorsement on the quality of reporting of GA studies published in journals in the field of genetics and heredity (GH). Quality of reporting was evaluated by assessing the adherence of papers to the STREGA checklist. After identifying the GH journals that endorsed STREGA in their instructions for authors, we randomly appraised papers published in 2013 from journals endorsing STREGA that published GA studies (Group A); in GH journals that never endorsed STREGA (Group B); in GH journals endorsing STREGA, but in the year preceding its endorsement (Group C); and in the same time period as Group C from GH journals that never endorsed STREGA (Group D). The STREGA statement was referenced in 29 (18.1%) of 160 GH journals, of which 18 (62.1%) journals published GA studies. Among the 18 journals endorsing STREGA, we found a significant increase in the overall adherence to the STREGA checklist over time (A vs C; P < 0.0001). Adherence to the STREGA checklist was significantly higher in journals endorsing STREGA compared to those that did not endorse the statement (A vs B; P = 0.04). No significant improvement was detected in the adherence to STREGA items in journals not endorsing STREGA over time (B vs D; P > 0.05). The endorsement of STREGA resulted in an increase in quality of reporting of GA studies over time, while no similar improvement was reported for journals that never endorsed STREGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Nedovic
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
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Acosta-Herrera M, Pino-Yanes M, Blanco J, Ballesteros JC, Ambrós A, Corrales A, Gandía F, Subirá C, Domínguez D, Baluja A, Añón JM, Adalia R, Pérez-Méndez L, Flores C, Villar J. Common variants of NFE2L2 gene predisposes to acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with severe sepsis. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2015; 19:256. [PMID: 26077880 PMCID: PMC4484894 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to investigate whether common variants across the nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2) gene contribute to the development of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with severe sepsis. NFE2L2 is involved in the response to oxidative stress, and it has been shown to be associated with the development of ARDS in trauma patients. Methods We performed a case–control study of 321 patients fulfilling international criteria for severe sepsis and ARDS who were admitted to a Spanish network of post-surgical and critical care units, as well as 871 population-based controls. Six tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NFE2L2 were genotyped, and, after further imputation of additional 34 SNPs, association testing with ARDS susceptibility was conducted using logistic regression analysis. Results After multiple testing adjustments, our analysis revealed 10 non-coding SNPs in tight linkage disequilibrium (0.75 ≤ r2 ≤ 1) that were associated with ARDS susceptibility as a single association signal. One of those SNPs (rs672961) was previously associated with trauma-induced ARDS and modified the promoter activity of the NFE2L2 gene, showing an odds ratio of 1.93 per T allele (95 % confidence interval, 1.17–3.18; p = 0.0089). Conclusions Our findings support the involvement of NFE2L2 gene variants in ARDS susceptibility and reinforce further exploration of the role of oxidant stress response as a risk factor for ARDS in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialbert Acosta-Herrera
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Carretera del Rosario 145, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. .,Multidisciplinary Organ Dysfunction Evaluation Research Network, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Barranco de la Ballena s/n - 4th floor, south wing, 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Maria Pino-Yanes
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Carretera del Rosario 145, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Jesús Blanco
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain.
| | | | - Alfonso Ambrós
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Almudena Corrales
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Carretera del Rosario 145, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Francisco Gandía
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínico de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Carlés Subirá
- Intensive Care Unit, Fundació ALTHAIA, Manresa, Spain.
| | - David Domínguez
- Department Anesthesia, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Aurora Baluja
- Department Anesthesiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | | | - Ramón Adalia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lina Pérez-Méndez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Carretera del Rosario 145, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Carlos Flores
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Carretera del Rosario 145, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. .,Applied Genomics Group, Laboratory of Genetics, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Jesus Villar
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Multidisciplinary Organ Dysfunction Evaluation Research Network, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Barranco de la Ballena s/n - 4th floor, south wing, 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. .,Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Sun X, Ma SF, Wade MS, Acosta-Herrera M, Villar J, Pino-Yanes M, Zhou T, Liu B, Belvitch P, Moitra J, Han YJ, Machado R, Noth I, Natarajan V, Dudek SM, Jacobson JR, Flores C, Garcia JGN. Functional promoter variants in sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 associate with susceptibility to sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L467-77. [PMID: 23911438 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00010.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and the S1P receptor S1PR3 are intimately involved in lung inflammatory responses and vascular barrier regulation. Furthermore, plasma S1PR3 protein levels were shown to serve as a biomarker of severity in critically ill ARDS patients. This study explores the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the S1PR3 gene to sepsis-associated ARDS. S1PR3 SNPs were identified by sequencing the entire gene and tagging SNPs selected for case-control association analysis in African- and ED samples from Chicago, with independent replication in a European case-control study of Spanish individuals. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays, luciferase activity assays, and protein immunoassays were utilized to assess the functionality of associated SNPs. A total of 80 variants, including 29 novel SNPs, were identified. Because of limited sample size, conclusive findings could not be drawn in African-descent ARDS subjects; however, significant associations were found for two promoter SNPs (rs7022797 -1899T/G; rs11137480 -1785G/C), across two ED samples supporting the association of alleles -1899G and -1785C with decreased risk for sepsis-associated ARDS. In addition, these alleles significantly reduced transcription factor binding to the S1PR3 promoter; reduced S1PR3 promoter activity, a response particularly striking after TNF-α challenge; and were associated with lower plasma S1PR3 protein levels in ARDS patients. These highly functional studies support S1PR3 as a novel ARDS candidate gene and a potential target for individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Sun
- Institute for Personalize Respiratory Medicine, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago, 3099 COMRB (MC719 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL 60612.
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Little J, Higgins JPT, Ioannidis JPA, Moher D, Gagnon F, von Elm E, Khoury MJ, Cohen B, Davey-Smith G, Grimshaw J, Scheet P, Gwinn M, Williamson RE, Zou GY, Hutchings K, Johnson CY, Tait V, Wiens M, Golding J, van Duijn C, McLaughlin J, Paterson A, Wells G, Fortier I, Freedman M, Zecevic M, King R, Infante-Rivard C, Stewart A, Birkett N. STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association Studies (STREGA)--an extension of the STROBE statement. Genet Epidemiol 2010; 33:581-98. [PMID: 19278015 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.20410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Making sense of rapidly evolving evidence on genetic associations is crucial to making genuine advances in human genomics and the eventual integration of this information in the practice of medicine and public health. Assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of this evidence, and hence the ability to synthesize it, has been limited by inadequate reporting of results. The STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA) initiative builds on the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement and provides additions to 12 of the 22 items on the STROBE checklist. The additions concern population stratification, genotyping errors, modelling haplotype variation, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, replication, selection of participants, rationale for choice of genes and variants, treatment effects in studying quantitative traits, statistical methods, relatedness, reporting of descriptive and outcome data, and the volume of data issues that are important to consider in genetic association studies. The STREGA recommendations do not prescribe or dictate how a genetic association study should be designed but seek to enhance the transparency of its reporting, regardless of choices made during design, conduct, or analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Little
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Improved reporting of statistical design and analysis: guidelines, education, and editorial policies. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 620:563-98. [PMID: 20652522 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-580-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A majority of original articles published in biomedical journals include some form of statistical analysis. Unfortunately, many of the articles contain errors in statistical design and/or analysis. These errors are worrisome, as the misuse of statistics jeopardizes the process of scientific discovery and the accumulation of scientific knowledge. To help avoid these errors and improve statistical reporting, four approaches are suggested: (1) development of guidelines for statistical reporting that could be adopted by all journals, (2) improvement in statistics curricula in biomedical research programs with an emphasis on hands-on teaching by biostatisticians, (3) expansion and enhancement of biomedical science curricula in statistics programs, and (4) increased participation of biostatisticians in the peer review process along with the adoption of more rigorous journal editorial policies regarding statistics. In this chapter, we provide an overview of these issues with emphasis to the field of molecular biology and highlight the need for continuing efforts on all fronts.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether common variants across the LBP gene contribute to the development of severe sepsis. Sepsis is the leading cause of multiple system organ dysfunction and death in critically ill patients. The lipopolysaccharide-binding protein is an acute-phase protein that plays a dominant role in the genesis of sepsis by initiating signal transduction pathways leading to the activation of the inflammatory host response. DESIGN Prospectively enrolled case-control study of adults with severe sepsis. SETTING A network of intensive care units. PATIENTS We enrolled 175 patients meeting international definition criteria for severe sepsis and 357 population-based controls for comparison. INTERVENTIONS Genotyping of the LBP gene was performed and disease association was tested. Serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein levels were measured in patients and related to genetic variants. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A haplotype window analysis revealed that a common 4-SNP risk haplotype from the 5'-flanking region of the LBP gene, comprising positions -1978 to -763 from the transcription start site, was strongly associated with susceptibility to severe sepsis. Risk haplotype homozygous carriers had an increased risk for severe sepsis (odds ratio = 2.21; 95% confidence interval = 1.39-3.51; unadjusted p < .001; adjusted p < .025). Mean serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein levels from inclusion to 7th day were significantly higher in homozygous carriers patients (130.1 [102.9-164.5] and 98.9 [79.7-122.8] microg/mL, respectively) than in noncarriers (101.6 [87.9-117.5] and 58.7 [51.4-67.2] microg/mL, respectively) (p = .046). CONCLUSIONS This study strongly supports the involvement of LBP gene variants in severe sepsis susceptibility and reinforces the merit of further exploration of the role of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in sepsis.
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10
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Little J, Higgins JP, Ioannidis JP, Moher D, Gagnon F, von Elm E, Khoury MJ, Cohen B, Davey-Smith G, Grimshaw J, Scheet P, Gwinn M, Williamson RE, Zou GY, Hutchings K, Johnson CY, Tait V, Wiens M, Golding J, van Duijn C, McLaughlin J, Paterson A, Wells G, Fortier I, Freedman M, Zecevic M, King R, Infante-Rivard C, Stewart AF, Birkett N. Strengthening the reporting of genetic association studies (STREGA)—an extension of the strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement. J Clin Epidemiol 2009; 62:597-608.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Little J, Higgins JPT, Ioannidis JPA, Moher D, Gagnon F, von Elm E, Khoury MJ, Cohen B, Davey-Smith G, Grimshaw J, Scheet P, Gwinn M, Williamson RE, Zou GY, Hutchings K, Johnson CY, Tait V, Wiens M, Golding J, van Duijn C, McLaughlin J, Paterson A, Wells G, Fortier I, Freedman M, Zecevic M, King R, Infante-Rivard C, Stewart A, Birkett N. STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA)--an extension of the STROBE statement. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39:247-66. [PMID: 19297801 PMCID: PMC2730482 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Making sense of rapidly evolving evidence on genetic associations is crucial to making genuine advances in human genomics and the eventual integration of this information in the practice of medicine and public health. Assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of this evidence, and hence the ability to synthesize it, has been limited by inadequate reporting of results. The STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA) initiative builds on the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement and provides additions to 12 of the 22 items on the STROBE checklist. The additions concern population stratification, genotyping errors, modelling haplotype variation, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, replication, selection of participants, rationale for choice of genes and variants, treatment effects in studying quantitative traits, statistical methods, relatedness, reporting of descriptive and outcome data and the volume of data issues that are important to consider in genetic association studies. The STREGA recommendations do not prescribe or dictate how a genetic association study should be designed, but seek to enhance the transparency of its reporting, regardless of choices made during design, conduct or analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Little
- Canada Research Chair in Human Genome Epidemiology, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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12
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Little J, Higgins JPT, Ioannidis JPA, Moher D, Gagnon F, von Elm E, Khoury MJ, Cohen B, Davey-Smith G, Grimshaw J, Scheet P, Gwinn M, Williamson RE, Zou GY, Hutchings K, Johnson CY, Tait V, Wiens M, Golding J, van Duijn C, McLaughlin J, Paterson A, Wells G, Fortier I, Freedman M, Zecevic M, King R, Infante-Rivard C, Stewart A, Birkett N. STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association Studies (STREGA): an extension of the STROBE statement. PLoS Med 2009; 6:e22. [PMID: 19192942 PMCID: PMC2634792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Making sense of rapidly evolving evidence on genetic associations is crucial to making genuine advances in human genomics and the eventual integration of this information in the practice of medicine and public health. Assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of this evidence, and hence the ability to synthesize it, has been limited by inadequate reporting of results. The STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA) initiative builds on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement and provides additions to 12 of the 22 items on the STROBE checklist. The additions concern population stratification, genotyping errors, modelling haplotype variation, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, replication, selection of participants, rationale for choice of genes and variants, treatment effects in studying quantitative traits, statistical methods, relatedness, reporting of descriptive and outcome data, and the volume of data issues that are important to consider in genetic association studies. The STREGA recommendations do not prescribe or dictate how a genetic association study should be designed but seek to enhance the transparency of its reporting, regardless of choices made during design, conduct, or analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Little
- Canada Research Chair in Human Genome Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Little J, Higgins JPT, Ioannidis JPA, Moher D, Gagnon F, von Elm E, Khoury MJ, Cohen B, Davey-Smith G, Grimshaw J, Scheet P, Gwinn M, Williamson RE, Zou GY, Hutchings K, Johnson CY, Tait V, Wiens M, Golding J, van Duijn C, McLaughlin J, Paterson A, Wells G, Fortier I, Freedman M, Zecevic M, King R, Infante-Rivard C, Stewart A, Birkett N. Strengthening the reporting of genetic association studies (STREGA): an extension of the STROBE statement. Eur J Epidemiol 2009; 24:37-55. [PMID: 19189221 PMCID: PMC2764094 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-008-9302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Making sense of rapidly evolving evidence on genetic associations is crucial to making genuine advances in human genomics and the eventual integration of this information in the practice of medicine and public health. Assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of this evidence, and hence the ability to synthesize it, has been limited by inadequate reporting of results. The STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA) initiative builds on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement and provides additions to 12 of the 22 items on the STROBE checklist. The additions concern population stratification, genotyping errors, modeling haplotype variation, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, replication, selection of participants, rationale for choice of genes and variants, treatment effects in studying quantitative traits, statistical methods, relatedness, reporting of descriptive and outcome data, and the volume of data issues that are important to consider in genetic association studies. The STREGA recommendations do not prescribe or dictate how a genetic association study should be designed but seek to enhance the transparency of its reporting, regardless of choices made during design, conduct, or analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Little
- Canada Research Chair in Human Genome Epidemiology, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Little J, Higgins JPT, Ioannidis JPA, Moher D, Gagnon F, von Elm E, Khoury MJ, Cohen B, Davey-Smith G, Grimshaw J, Scheet P, Gwinn M, Williamson RE, Zou GY, Hutchings K, Johnson CY, Tait V, Wiens M, Golding J, van Duijn C, McLaughlin J, Paterson A, Wells G, Fortier I, Freedman M, Zecevic M, King R, Infante-Rivard C, Stewart A, Birkett N. Strengthening the reporting of genetic association studies (STREGA): an extension of the STROBE Statement. Hum Genet 2009; 125:131-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-008-0592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Variation in the myosin light chain kinase gene is associated with development of acute lung injury after major trauma. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:2794-800. [PMID: 18828194 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318186b843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) gene have been implicated in the risk of sepsis-related acute lung injury and asthma. MYLK encodes protein isoforms involved in multiple components of the inflammatory response, including apoptosis, vascular permeability, and leukocyte diapedesis. We tested the association of MYLK gene variation in the development of acute lung injury in major trauma patients. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 273 subjects with major trauma (injury severity score > or = 16). All x-rays and clinical data were reviewed by three clinicians for acute lung injury classification. A total of 17 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms in MYLK were genotyped. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were individually assessed at the genotype level, and multiple logistic regression models were used to adjust for baseline variables. Haplotype analyses of sliding windows including 2-5 single nucleotide polymorphisms were conducted. RESULTS Ninety-one of the 273 subjects (33%) met criteria for acute lung injury within 5 days of traumatic insult. Three informative MYLK coding single nucleotide polymorphisms were individually associated with acute lung injury, with two informative risk-conferring genotypes His21Pro (CC genotype, odds ratio = 1.87, 95% confidence interval 1.06-3.33; p = 0.022) and Pro147Ser (TT, odds ratio = 2.13, 95% confidence interval 1.14-4.10; p = 0.011) more frequent than the noninformative Thr335Thr CC genotype (odds ratio = 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.20-0.85; p = 0.010). Each of these genotypic associations was more pronounced in African Americans with trauma. Multivariate analyses demonstrated the association of each MYLK single nucleotide polymorphism with acute lung injury to be independent of age, injury severity score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III, and the mechanism of trauma. Finally, haplotype analyses revealed strong acute lung injury associations with 2-4 single nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes, all involving His21Pro (p < 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Three MYLK coding single nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with sepsis-induced acute lung injury and severe asthma in African Americans were associated with acute lung injury development after trauma in African Americans, although effect directions differed. These results confirm our prior studies implicating MYLK as a susceptibility gene in a distinct acute lung injury subset other than sepsis.
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Pinto Mendes J. The role of infection in asthma. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2008; 14:647-675. [PMID: 32288974 PMCID: PMC7129468 DOI: 10.1016/s2173-5115(08)70297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the impact of infections on the onset and clinical course of bronchial asthma. A just emphasis is given to the role viral infections, particularly rhinovirus infections, play in exacerbations, and that played by respiratory syncytial virus, suspected of triggering the asthmatic syndrome. The mechanisms of the immune response to virus attacks are explained, highlighting the asthmatic and allergic patient's weakened response, particularly in the perinatal period. Further stressed is a potentiating effect of viral aggression on the allergic response. The hygiene hypothesis and its lack of scientific consistency is detailed, at least as far as the role it seeks to confer on an unproven antagonism of the Th1 and Th2 lymphocyte responses. The current importance of research not into bacteria, but into bacterial products, including endotoxins, on the modulation of asthma and allergy is noted. Studies which, along these lines, show an environmental impact on genetic secretion in the phenotype are underlined. Also discussed in passing are several mechanisms which go towards explaining neutrophilic asthma - for many a contradiction, given eosinophilia's stranglehold on asthmatic inflammation.
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Mendes JP. Infecção na modulaçâo da asma11Trabalho apresentado no XXIII Congresso de Pneumologia da SPP – Guarda, Novembro 2007 / Paper presented at the XXIII Congresso de Pneumologia da SPP / PSP Pulmonology Congress, Guarda, November 2007. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2008. [PMID: 18781266 PMCID: PMC7134980 DOI: 10.1016/s0873-2159(15)30275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Faz-se uma revisão da influência das infecções no aparecimento e na clínica da asma brônquica. Dá-se o relevo que merece à intervenção virusal, sobretudo ao rinovírus, pela sua influência nas exacerbações, e ao vírus sincicial respiratório, sobre o qual recai a suspeita de poder ser causa determinante no aparecimento da síndroma asmática. Tentam-se esclarecer os mecanismos da resposta imune à agressão virusal em função das debilidades da resposta do asmático e do atópico, sobretudo no período perinatal, salientando-se, ainda, um efeito de potenciação da agressão virusal sobre a resposta atópica. Aborda-se a hipótese higiénica e a sua falta de consistência científica, pelo menos no papel que pretende atribuir a um não demonstrado antagonismo das respostas linfocitárias Th1 e Th2, apontando-se a importância actual da investigação, não das bactérias mas dos produtos bacterianos, como as endotoxinas, na modulação da asma e da atopia, dando-se relevo aos estudos que, a partir deste modelo, demonstram uma influência do ambiente na secreção génica e, consequentemente, no fenótipo. Invocam-se, nas entrelinhas, vários mecanismos que podem explicar a asma neutrofílica que, para muitos, é um paradoxo perante o consagrado domínio do eosinófilo na inflamação asmática. Rev Port Pneumol 2008; XIV (5): 647-675
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Flores C, Ma SF, Maresso K, Wade MS, Villar J, Garcia JGN. IL6 gene-wide haplotype is associated with susceptibility to acute lung injury. Transl Res 2008; 152:11-7. [PMID: 18593632 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical studies support the key role of interleukin 6 (IL-6), a potent proinflammatory cytokine, in the development of acute lung injury (ALI). Plasma IL-6 levels are influenced mainly by genetic determinants, and a -174G/C polymorphism of the gene has been recently associated with susceptibility to ALI. Here we aimed to validate the association of the IL6 gene with ALI in a case-control sample from Spain. DNA was isolated from 67 consecutive patients who fulfilled international criteria for severe sepsis and for ALI and 96 population-based controls drawn from the general population. Genotypes of the -174G/C polymorphism along with other 14 tagging variants of the IL6 gene were evaluated. Twenty polymorphisms unlinked to IL6 gene were additionally compared between cases and controls to rule out population stratification. None of the individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms was significantly associated with susceptibility to ALI. However, we found that a common haplotype from -1363 to +4835 from the transcription start site, and spanning the gene, conferred risk for susceptibility to ALI (odds ratio, 2.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.39-5.37; P = 0.003). Adjustment for relevant covariates did not modify this result. These data support the association of the IL6 gene with ALI susceptibility and illustrate the value of haplotype analysis as a robust approach for evaluating IL6 gene effects in association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Flores
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill 60637, USA
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism is not associated with susceptibility and outcome in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med 2007; 34:488-95. [PMID: 18060663 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-007-0937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The insertion/deletion (I/D) of a 289 base pair Alu repeat sequence polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE) has been shown to predict susceptibility and outcome in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We hypothesized that the I/D polymorphism also confers susceptibility to sepsis and is a predisposing factor for morbidity and mortality of patients with severe sepsis. DESIGN AND SETTING Case-control study including 212 consecutive patients fulfilling criteria for severe sepsis admitted to a Spanish network of postsurgical and critical care units, and 364 population-based controls. Susceptibility to severe sepsis was evaluated as primary outcome; mortality in severe sepsis, susceptibility to sepsis-induced ARDS, and mortality in sepsis-induced ARDS were examined as secondary outcomes. An additive model of inheritance in which patients were classified into three genotype groups (II, ID, and DD) was used for association testing. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Genotype and allele frequencies of I/D were distributed similarly in all septic, ARDS, and non-ARDS patients and in population-based controls. ACE I/D polymorphism was not associated with severe sepsis susceptibility or mortality. The ACE I/D polymorphism was associated neither with sepsis-induced ARDS susceptibility (p=0.895) or mortality (p=0.950). These results remained nonsignificant when adjusted for other covariates using multiple logistic regression analysis or Kaplan-Meier estimates of 28-day survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data do not support an association of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism with susceptibility or mortality in severe sepsis or with sepsis-induced ARDS in Spanish patients.
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20
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Koppelman GH. Gene-environment interaction in allergic disease: More questions, more answers? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:1266-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ioannidis JPA, Boffetta P, Little J, O'Brien TR, Uitterlinden AG, Vineis P, Balding DJ, Chokkalingam A, Dolan SM, Flanders WD, Higgins JPT, McCarthy MI, McDermott DH, Page GP, Rebbeck TR, Seminara D, Khoury MJ. Assessment of cumulative evidence on genetic associations: interim guidelines. Int J Epidemiol 2007; 37:120-32. [PMID: 17898028 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dym159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Established guidelines for causal inference in epidemiological studies may be inappropriate for genetic associations. A consensus process was used to develop guidance criteria for assessing cumulative epidemiologic evidence in genetic associations. A proposed semi-quantitative index assigns three levels for the amount of evidence, extent of replication, and protection from bias, and also generates a composite assessment of 'strong', 'moderate' or 'weak' epidemiological credibility. In addition, we discuss how additional input and guidance can be derived from biological data. Future empirical research and consensus development are needed to develop an integrated model for combining epidemiological and biological evidence in the rapidly evolving field of investigation of genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P A Ioannidis
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
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Rebbeck TR, Khoury MJ, Potter JD. Genetic Association Studies of Cancer: Where Do We Go from Here? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16:864-5. [PMID: 17507606 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Bernstein DI, Wang N, Campo P, Chakraborty R, Smith A, Cartier A, Boulet LP, Malo JL, Yucesoy B, Luster M, Tarlo SM, Hershey GKK. Diisocyanate asthma and gene-environment interactions with IL4RA, CD-14, and IL-13 genes. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2007; 97:800-6. [PMID: 17201240 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diisocyanate asthma (DA) affects 2% to 10% of exposed workers, yet the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this disorder remain ill defined. OBJECTIVE To determine if specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin 4 receptor alpha (IL4RA), IL-13, and CD14 promoter genes are associated with DA. METHODS Sixty-two workers with DA confirmed by specific inhalation challenge (SIC) and 75 diisocyanate-exposed, SIC-negative workers were analyzed for SNPs associated with IL4RA, IL-13, and CD14 promoter genes. RESULTS No associations were found with individual SNPs and DA. When stratified according to specific diisocyanate exposure, a significant association was found between IL4RA (I50V) II and DA among individuals exposed to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) (odds ratio [OR], 3.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-8.14; P = .01) only. Similarly, the IL4RA (I50V) II and IL-13 (R110Q) RR combination was significantly associated with DA in HDI-exposed workers (OR, 4.13; 95% CI, 1.35-12.68; P = .01), as was the IL4RA (I50V) II and CD14 (C159T) CT genotype combination (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.82-14.88; P = .002) and the triple genotype combination IL4RA (I50V) II, IL-13 (R110Q) RR, and CD14 (C159T) CT (OR, 6.4; 95% CI, 1.57-26.12; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Gene-environmental interactions may contribute to the pathogenesis of DA, and gene-gene interactions may modulate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Wallace AM, He JQ, Burkett KM, Ruan J, Connett JE, Anthonisen NR, Paré PD, Sandford AJ. Contribution of alpha- and beta-defensins to lung function decline and infection in smokers: an association study. Respir Res 2006; 7:76. [PMID: 16700921 PMCID: PMC1523340 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2005] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alpha-defensins, which are major constituents of neutrophil azurophilic granules, and beta-defensins, which are expressed in airway epithelial cells, could contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by amplifying cigarette smoke-induced and infection-induced inflammatory reactions leading to lung injury. In Japanese and Chinese populations, two different beta-defensin-1 polymorphisms have been associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease phenotypes. We conducted population-based association studies to test whether alpha-defensin and beta-defensin polymorphisms influenced smokers' susceptibility to lung function decline and susceptibility to lower respiratory infection in two groups of white participants in the Lung Health Study (275 = fast decline in lung function and 304 = no decline in lung function). Methods Subjects were genotyped for the alpha-defensin-1/alpha-defensin-3 copy number polymorphism and four beta-defensin-1 polymorphisms (G-20A, C-44G, G-52A and Val38Ile). Results There were no associations between individual polymorphisms or imputed haplotypes and rate of decline in lung function or susceptibility to infection. Conclusion These findings suggest that, in a white population, the defensin polymorphisms tested may not be of importance in determining who develops abnormally rapid lung function decline or is susceptible to developing lower respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Wallace
- James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jian-Qing He
- James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kelly M Burkett
- James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jian Ruan
- James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John E Connett
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | - Peter D Paré
- James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew J Sandford
- James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Ioannidis JPA, Gwinn M, Little J, Higgins JPT, Bernstein JL, Boffetta P, Bondy M, Bray MS, Brenchley PE, Buffler PA, Casas JP, Chokkalingam A, Danesh J, Smith GD, Dolan S, Duncan R, Gruis NA, Hartge P, Hashibe M, Hunter DJ, Jarvelin MR, Malmer B, Maraganore DM, Newton-Bishop JA, O'Brien TR, Petersen G, Riboli E, Salanti G, Seminara D, Smeeth L, Taioli E, Timpson N, Uitterlinden AG, Vineis P, Wareham N, Winn DM, Zimmern R, Khoury MJ. A road map for efficient and reliable human genome epidemiology. Nat Genet 2006; 38:3-5. [PMID: 16468121 DOI: 10.1038/ng0106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Networks of investigators have begun sharing best practices, tools and methods for analysis of associations between genetic variation and common diseases. A Network of Investigator Networks has been set up to drive the process, sponsored by the Human Genome Epidemiology Network. A workshop is planned to develop consensus guidelines for reporting results of genetic association studies. Published literature databases will be integrated, and unpublished data, including 'negative' studies, will be captured by online journals and through investigator networks. Systematic reviews will be expanded to include more meta-analyses of individual-level data and prospective meta-analyses. Field synopses will offer regularly updated overviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P A Ioannidis
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
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Thakkinstian A, McElduff P, D'Este C, Duffy D, Attia J. A method for meta-analysis of molecular association studies. Stat Med 2005; 24:1291-306. [PMID: 15568190 DOI: 10.1002/sim.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although population-based molecular association studies are becoming increasingly popular, methodology for the meta-analysis of these studies has been neglected, particularly with regard to two issues: testing Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), and pooling results in a manner that reflects a biological model of gene effect. We propose a process for pooling results from population-based molecular association studies which consists of the following steps: (1) checking HWE using chi-square goodness of fit; we suggest performing sensitivity analysis with and without studies that are in HWE. (2) Heterogeneity is then checked, and if present, possible causes are explored. (3) If no heterogeneity is present, regression analysis is used to pool data and to determine the gene effect. (4) If there is a significant gene effect, pairwise group differences are analysed and these data are allowed to 'dictate' the best genetic model. (5) Data may then be pooled using this model. This method is easily performed using standard software, and has the advantage of not assuming an a priori genetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammarin Thakkinstian
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Wallace AM, Sandford AJ. Therapeutic response to asthma medications: genotype predictors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 3:161-71. [PMID: 15219175 DOI: 10.2165/00151829-200403030-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a major social and economic burden. Studies have shown that genetic polymorphisms can influence drug efficacy and/or toxicity. The understanding of the pharmacogenetics of asthma will allow therapeutic regimens to be tailored on an individual basis. It is hoped that linkage and association studies will define new therapeutic targets for asthma but until then, studies have focused on improving response to beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist and leukotriene modifier therapy. Genetic polymorphism may account for interindividual differences in toxicity and efficacy of asthma medications. To date, single nucleotide polymorphism and limited haplotype analysis have provided inconclusive evidence as to how genotype predictors can be used to optimize current asthma therapies based on each patient's genetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Wallace
- University of British Columbia, James Hogg iCapture Centre, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Yang IA, Holgate ST, Holloway JW. Toll-like receptor polymorphisms and allergic disease: interpreting the evidence from genetic studies. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34:163-6. [PMID: 14987291 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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29
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Thakkinstian A, D'Este C, Eisman J, Nguyen T, Attia J. Meta-analysis of molecular association studies: vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and BMD as a case study. J Bone Miner Res 2004; 19:419-28. [PMID: 15040830 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.0301265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2003] [Revised: 08/17/2003] [Accepted: 10/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED With the rise of molecular and genetic epidemiology, molecular association studies are increasingly common; however, meta-analysis of these studies has been a neglected area. This study performed a meta-analysis of the association of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and BMD. We also highlight methodological issues that need to be resolved. INTRODUCTION With the rise of molecular and genetic epidemiology, molecular association studies are increasingly common; however, meta-analysis of these studies has been a neglected area. This study performed a meta-analysis of the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and BMD/osteoporosis and highlights methodological issues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies published from 1994 to 2001 were identified through Medline using PubMed software. The reference lists of the articles retrieved were also reviewed. Where eligible papers had insufficient information, we contacted authors by mail (up to three mailings) for additional information. Any observational study, which tested the association between VDR BsmI genotypes and either BMD or osteoporosis at the femoral neck or spine in adult women, was included in the review. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers (AT and JA) using a standardized data extraction form. RESULTS The B allele was significantly associated with BMD at the spine; it seemed to follow a recessive model, with the BB genotype having lower BMD than Bb/bb genotypes at baseline, which led to greater bone mineral loss over time. Highlighted methodological lessons included the need to check Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the importance of exploring heterogeneity, pooling data in a manner that is sensitive to genetic models, and avoiding multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION With the proliferation of molecular association studies, there will be an increased need to quantify the magnitude of the risk associated with genetic polymorphisms. This will likely entail meta-analytic methods, and this meta-analysis highlights some of the methodological issues that will need to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammarin Thakkinstian
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Hoffjan S, Nicolae D, Ober C. Association studies for asthma and atopic diseases: a comprehensive review of the literature. Respir Res 2003; 4:14. [PMID: 14748924 PMCID: PMC314398 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-4-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2003] [Accepted: 12/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of genetic association studies on asthma-related phenotypes have been conducted in different populations. To date, variants in 64 genes have been reported to be associated with asthma or related traits in at least one study. Of these, 33 associations were replicated in a second study, 9 associations were not replicated either in a second study or a second sample in the same study, and 22 associations were reported in just a single published study. These results suggest the potential for a great amount of heterogeneity underlying asthma. However, many of these studies are methodologically limited and their interpretation hampered by small sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hoffjan
- Departments of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dan Nicolae
- Departments of Statistics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Carole Ober
- Departments of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Silverman ES, Palmer LJ, Subramaniam V, Hallock A, Mathew S, Vallone J, Faffe DS, Shikanai T, Raby BA, Weiss ST, Shore SA. Transforming growth factor-beta1 promoter polymorphism C-509T is associated with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 169:214-9. [PMID: 14597484 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200307-973oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is increased in the lungs of individuals with asthma and may modulate airway inflammation and remodeling. Some genetic studies have found that a C-to-T single-nucleotide polymorphism (C-509T) in the TGF-beta1 gene promoter may be associated with altered gene expression and asthma phenotype. To build on these data, we performed a case-control association study at this locus involving 527 subjects with asthma and 170 control subjects without asthma. All individuals were white. Genotyping at 49 unlinked polymorphisms indicated that a subset of case subjects and all control subjects were well matched and without evidence of population stratification. Logistic regression was used to model the effects of age, sex, and genotype on case-control status. The diagnosis of asthma was positively associated with the T allele and TT genotype under a codominant model (odds ratio, 2.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.45 to 6.25; p = 0.003). Total serum IgE, eosinophil count, and FEV1% predicted levels were not associated with this polymorphism. Furthermore, we show that the C-509T polymorphism alters TGF-beta1 promoter-reporter activity and promoter interactions with the transcription factor Yin Yang 1. We conclude that the T allele of C-509T is associated with the diagnosis of asthma and may enhance TGF-beta1 gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Silverman
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The genetic risk for pneumonia, sepsis, and other serious infections is generally unrecognized or underestimated. Although the strongest evidence for a genetic risk comes from an adoptee study, most evidence for a genetic role in infection involves association studies, which compare the incidence of specific mutations in a population with infection to a control population. Recent association studies in pneumonia and sepsis will be reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS Most positive association studies examine genes for important inflammatory molecules such as tumor necrosis factor, the interleukin-1 family, interleukin-10, and angiotensin converting enzyme, as well as molecules important in antigen recognition, such as the mannose-binding lectin, CD-14, and toll-like receptors. SUMMARY A genetic component to risk of sepsis and resultant complications clearly exists. Confirmation of the findings in this review and associations with other genetic polymorphisms await large-scale population studies and further validation of the physiologic significance of the variant alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Wunderink
- Research Department, Methodist LeBonheur Healthcare, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wylie Burke
- Department of Medical History and Ethics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
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Bernstein JA. Genetic association studies: what are they teaching clinicians? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111:465-6. [PMID: 12642822 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2003.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Baron RM, Palmer LJ, Tantisira K, Gabriel S, Sonna LA, Le L, Hallock A, Libermann TA, Drazen JM, Weiss ST, Silverman ES. DNA sequence variants in epithelium-specific ETS-2 and ETS-3 are not associated with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166:927-32. [PMID: 12359648 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200201-048oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelium-specific ETS-2 and ETS-3 are transcription factors that have been proposed as asthma candidate genes. To investigate the association of sequence variants in these genes with asthma, we conducted a case-control association analysis in a sample of 311 white subjects with asthma and 177 white subjects without asthma. Common polymorphisms in these genes were detected by sequencing DNA from 32 cell lines obtained from Coriel (Camden, NJ). Seven noncoding or synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms were detected: three in epithelium-specific ETS-2 and four in epithelium-specific ETS-3. Subjects were genotyped at all loci by mass spectroscopy. To ensure the suitability of our control subjects, we also genotyped subjects at 49 unlinked polymorphisms evenly distributed throughout the autosomes and found no evidence of population stratification. Logistic regression adjusted for age and sex suggested a weak association of one epithelium-specific ETS-2 polymorphism with asthma diagnosis (odds ratio = 1.89, 95% confidence interval = 1.13-3.18, p = 0.02). Total serum immunoglobulin E and FEV1 predicted levels were not associated with any of the polymorphisms. Extended haplotyping indicated linkage disequilibrium in these genes; however, no association or epistatic interaction was found. This study suggests that epithelium-specific ETS-2 and ETS-3 genes are unlikely to contain polymorphic loci that have a major impact on asthma susceptibility in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Baron
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Hizawa N, Yamaguchi E, Konno S, Tanino Y, Jinushi E, Nishimura M. A functional polymorphism in the RANTES gene promoter is associated with the development of late-onset asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166:686-90. [PMID: 12204866 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200202-090oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The CC chemokine regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) attracts eosinophils, basophils, and T cells during inflammation and immune response, indicating a possible role for this chemokine in asthma. Both the -403A and -28G alleles of the RANTES promoter region exhibit significantly enhanced promoter activity in reporter constructs in vitro. We therefore investigated the genetic influence of these alleles on the development of asthma using case-control analysis in a Japanese population (298 patients with asthma and 311 control subjects). Given the evidence for heterogeneity of asthma according to age at onset, we divided patients with asthma into three subgroups: 117 late-onset patients with asthma (onset at more than 40 years of age), 83 middle-onset patients with asthma (onset at 20 to 40 years of age), and 98 early-onset patients with asthma (onset at less than 20 years of age). The -28G allele was significantly associated with late-onset asthma (odds ratio = 2.033; 95% confidence interval, 1.379-2.998; corrected p < 0.0025) but was not associated with the other two asthma subgroups. The -403A allele was not associated with any of the asthma subgroups. Further evidence of the importance of the -28G allele was a significant increase in the production of RANTES in vitro in individuals who carried this allele. Our findings suggest that, among Japanese, the -28G allele of the RANTES promoter region confers susceptibility to late-onset asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hizawa
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Little J, Bradley L, Bray MS, Clyne M, Dorman J, Ellsworth DL, Hanson J, Khoury M, Lau J, O'Brien TR, Rothman N, Stroup D, Taioli E, Thomas D, Vainio H, Wacholder S, Weinberg C. Reporting, appraising, and integrating data on genotype prevalence and gene-disease associations. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156:300-10. [PMID: 12181099 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent completion of the first draft of the human genome sequence and advances in technologies for genomic analysis are generating tremendous opportunities for epidemiologic studies to evaluate the role of genetic variants in human disease. Many methodological issues apply to the investigation of variation in the frequency of allelic variants of human genes, of the possibility that these influence disease risk, and of assessment of the magnitude of the associated risk. Based on a Human Genome Epidemiology workshop, a checklist for reporting and appraising studies of genotype prevalence and studies of gene-disease associations was developed. This focuses on selection of study subjects, analytic validity of genotyping, population stratification, and statistical issues. Use of the checklist should facilitate the integration of evidence from these studies. The relation between the checklist and grading schemes that have been proposed for the evaluation of observational studies is discussed. Although the limitations of grading schemes are recognized, a robust approach is proposed. Other issues in the synthesis of evidence that are particularly relevant to studies of genotype prevalence and gene-disease association are discussed, notably identification of studies, publication bias, criteria for causal inference, and the appropriateness of quantitative synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Little
- Epidemiology Group, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Tobin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Route 11N, Hines, Illinois 60141, USA.
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Abstract
Viral infections can influence both the development and the severity of asthma. In early life, viral infections can either increase or, remarkably, decrease the risk of subsequent asthma. In children and adults with existing asthma, viral respiratory infections frequently cause acute airway obstruction and wheezing. This article discusses the influence of viral infections on mechanisms of virus-induced airway inflammation in relationship to the development, persistence and severity of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin Hospital, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA.
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