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Wickramasinghe LC, Tsantikos E, Kindt A, Raftery AL, Gottschalk TA, Borger JG, Malhotra A, Anderson GP, van Wijngaarden P, Hilgendorff A, Hibbs ML. Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor is a Determinant of Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Coincident Retinopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:2001-2016. [PMID: 37673326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), also called chronic lung disease of immaturity, afflicts approximately one third of all extremely premature infants, causing lifelong lung damage. There is no effective treatment other than supportive care. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which impairs vision irreversibly, is common in BPD, suggesting a related pathogenesis. However, specific mechanisms of BPD and ROP are not known. Herein, a neonatal mouse hyperoxic model of coincident BPD and retinopathy was used to screen for candidate mediators, which revealed that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), also known as colony-stimulating factor 3, was up-regulated significantly in mouse lung lavage fluid and plasma at postnatal day 14 in response to hyperoxia. Preterm infants with more severe BPD had increased plasma G-CSF. G-CSF-deficient neonatal pups showed significantly reduced alveolar simplification, normalized alveolar and airway resistance, and normalized weight gain compared with wild-type pups after hyperoxic lung injury. This was associated with a marked reduction in the intensity, and activation state, of neutrophilic and monocytic inflammation and its attendant oxidative stress response, and protection of lung endothelial cells. G-CSF deficiency also provided partial protection against ROP. The findings in this study implicate G-CSF as a pathogenic mediator of BPD and ROP, and suggest the therapeutic utility of targeting G-CSF biology to treat these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshanie C Wickramasinghe
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Evelyn Tsantikos
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alida Kindt
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - April L Raftery
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy A Gottschalk
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica G Borger
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Early Neurodevelopment Clinic, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary P Anderson
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter van Wijngaarden
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne Hilgendorff
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany; Center for Comprehensive Developmental Care, Ludwig-Maximilian Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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2
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Pereira-Fantini PM, Kenna KR, Fatmous M, Sett A, Douglas E, Dahm S, Sourial M, Fang H, Greening DW, Tingay DG. Impact of tidal volume strategy at birth on initiating lung injury in preterm lambs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L594-L603. [PMID: 37727901 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00159.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tidal ventilation is essential in supporting the transition to air-breathing at birth, but excessive tidal volume (VT) is an important factor in preterm lung injury. Few studies have assessed the impact of specific VT levels on injury development. Here, we used a lamb model of preterm birth to investigate the role of different levels of VT during positive pressure ventilation (PPV) in promoting aeration and initiating early lung injury pathways. VT was delivered as 1) 7 mL/kg throughout (VTstatic), 2) begun at 3 mL/kg and increased to a final VT of 7 mL/kg over 3 min (VTinc), or 3) commenced at 7 mL/kg, decreased to 3 mL/kg, and then returned to 7 mL/kg (VTalt). VT, inflating pressure, lung compliance, and aeration were similar in all groups from 4 min, as was postmortem histology and lung lavage protein concentration. However, transient decrease in VT in the VTalt group caused increased ventilation heterogeneity. Following TMT-based quantitative mass spectrometry proteomics, 1,610 proteins were identified in the lung. Threefold more proteins were significantly altered with VTalt compared with VTstatic or VTinc strategies. Gene set enrichment analysis identified VTalt specific enrichment of immune and angiogenesis pathways and VTstatic enrichment of metabolic processes. Our finding of comparable lung physiology and volutrauma across VT groups challenges the paradigm that there is a need to rapidly aerate the preterm lung at birth. Increased lung injury and ventilation heterogeneity were identified when initial VT was suddenly decreased during respiratory support at birth, further supporting the benefit of a gentle VT approach.NEW & NOTEWORTHY There is little evidence to guide the best tidal volume (VT) strategy at birth. In this study, comparable aeration, lung mechanics, and lung morphology were observed using static, incremental, and alternating VT strategies. However, transient reduction in VT was associated with ventilation heterogeneity and inflammation. Our results suggest that rapidly aerating the preterm lung may not be as clinically critical as previously thought, providing clinicians with reassurance that gently supporting the preterm lung maybe permissible at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prue M Pereira-Fantini
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly R Kenna
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monique Fatmous
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arun Sett
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Newborn Services, Joan Kirner Women's and Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ellen Douglas
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sophia Dahm
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Magdy Sourial
- Translational Research Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Haoyun Fang
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David G Tingay
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Yao H, Wallace J, Peterson AL, Scaffa A, Rizal S, Hegarty K, Maeda H, Chang JL, Oulhen N, Kreiling JA, Huntington KE, De Paepe ME, Barbosa G, Dennery PA. Timing and cell specificity of senescence drives postnatal lung development and injury. Nat Commun 2023; 14:273. [PMID: 36650158 PMCID: PMC9845377 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence causes age-related diseases and stress-related injury. Paradoxically, it is also essential for organismal development. Whether senescence contributes to lung development or injury in early life remains unclear. Here, we show that lung senescence occurred at birth and decreased throughout the saccular stage in mice. Reducing senescent cells at this stage disrupted lung development. In mice (<12 h old) exposed to hyperoxia during the saccular stage followed by air recovery until adulthood, lung senescence increased particularly in type II cells and secondary crest myofibroblasts. This peaked during the alveolar stage and was mediated by the p53/p21 pathway. Decreasing senescent cells during the alveolar stage attenuated hyperoxia-induced alveolar and vascular simplification. Conclusively, early programmed senescence orchestrates postnatal lung development whereas later hyperoxia-induced senescence causes lung injury through different mechanisms. This defines the ontogeny of lung senescence and provides an optimal therapeutic window for mitigating neonatal hyperoxic lung injury by inhibiting senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Joselynn Wallace
- Center for Computational Biology of Human Disease and Center for Computation and Visualization, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Abigail L Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Alejandro Scaffa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Salu Rizal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Katy Hegarty
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Hajime Maeda
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jason L Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Nathalie Oulhen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jill A Kreiling
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Kelsey E Huntington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Monique E De Paepe
- Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - Guilherme Barbosa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Phyllis A Dennery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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4
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Heydarian M, Schulz C, Stoeger T, Hilgendorff A. Association of immune cell recruitment and BPD development. Mol Cell Pediatr 2022; 9:16. [PMID: 35917002 PMCID: PMC9346035 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-022-00148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the neonatal lung, exposure to both prenatal and early postnatal risk factors converge into the development of injury and ultimately chronic disease, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The focus of many studies has been the characteristic inflammatory responses provoked by these exposures. Here, we review the relationship between immaturity and prenatal conditions, as well as postnatal exposure to mechanical ventilation and oxygen toxicity, with the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulatory networks. In these conditions, cytokine release, protease activity, and sustained presence of innate immune cells in the lung result in pathologic processes contributing to lung injury. We highlight the recruitment and function of myeloid innate immune cells, in particular, neutrophils and monocyte/macrophages in the BPD lung in human patients and animal models. We also discuss dissimilarities between the infant and adult immune system as a basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motaharehsadat Heydarian
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Hilgendorff
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany. .,Center for Comprehensive Developmental Care (CDeCLMU) at the interdisciplinary Social Pediatric Center, (iSPZ), University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
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5
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Holzfurtner L, Shahzad T, Dong Y, Rekers L, Selting A, Staude B, Lauer T, Schmidt A, Rivetti S, Zimmer KP, Behnke J, Bellusci S, Ehrhardt H. When inflammation meets lung development-an update on the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Mol Cell Pediatr 2022; 9:7. [PMID: 35445327 PMCID: PMC9021337 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-022-00137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Even more than 50 years after its initial description, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains one of the most important and lifelong sequelae following premature birth. Tremendous efforts have been undertaken since then to reduce this ever-increasing disease burden but a therapeutic breakthrough preventing BPD is still not in sight. The inflammatory response provoked in the immature lung is a key driver of distorted lung development and impacts the formation of alveolar, mesenchymal, and vascular structures during a particularly vulnerable time-period. During the last 5 years, new scientific insights have led to an improved pathomechanistic understanding of BPD origins and disease drivers. Within the framework of current scientific progress, concepts involving disruption of the balance of key inflammatory and lung growth promoting pathways by various stimuli, take center stage. Still today, the number of efficient therapeutics available to prevent BPD is limited to a few, well-established pharmacological interventions including postnatal corticosteroids, early caffeine administration, and vitamin A. Recent advances in the clinical care of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) have led to improvements in survival without a consistent reduction in the incidence of BPD. Our update provides latest insights from both preclinical models and clinical cohort studies and describes novel approaches to prevent BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Holzfurtner
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tayyab Shahzad
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lisa Rekers
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ariane Selting
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Birte Staude
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tina Lauer
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Annesuse Schmidt
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefano Rivetti
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Zimmer
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Judith Behnke
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Harald Ehrhardt
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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6
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Auten RL. Strain matters: Murine models of BPD. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:937-938. [PMID: 30916893 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Auten
- Neonatology, Women's Hospital, Cone Health System, Greensboro, North Carolina.,Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Hooper SB, Te Pas AB, Polglase GR, Wyckoff M. Animal models in neonatal resuscitation research: What can they teach us? Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 23:300-305. [PMID: 30001819 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Animal models have made and continue to make important contributions to neonatal medicine. For example, studies in fetal sheep have taught us much about the physiology of the fetal-to-neonatal transition. However, whereas animal models allow multiple factors to be investigated in a logical and systematic manner, no animal model is perfect for humans and so we need to understand the fundamental differences in physiology between the species in question and humans. Although most physiological systems are well conserved between species, some small differences exist and so wherever possible the knowledge generated from preclinical studies in animals should be tested in clinical trials. However, with the rise of evidence-based medicine the distinction between scientific knowledge generation and evidence gathering has been confused and the two have been lumped together. This misunderstands the contribution that scientific knowledge can provide. Science should be used to guide the gathering of evidence by informing the design of clinical trials, thereby increasing their likelihood of success. While scientific knowledge is not evidence, in the absence of evidence it is likely to be the best option for guiding clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Hooper
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Arjan B Te Pas
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Myra Wyckoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine, University of Texas, South Western Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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8
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Tang X. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) Increases Hyperoxia-Induced Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Newborn Mice by Regulation of Inflammatory Mediators. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6717-6728. [PMID: 30244258 PMCID: PMC6266634 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has been reported to affect chronic inflammation of the lungs, but its impact on hyperoxia-injured lungs in newborns remains obscure. This study aimed to investigate the role of IL-33 in the lungs of neonatal mice with hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Material/Methods Twenty-four C57BL/6 baby mice were randomly separated into three groups: the on-air group (N=16); the O2 group (N=8); and the O2 + anti-IL-33 group (N=8). Forced mechanical ventilation with oxygen-rich air (MV-O2) was used in 16 mouse pups. The mouse pups were incubated in containers with either air or 85% O2 for 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after birth. At the end of the treatment period, the mouse lungs were studied by histology, Western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to examine the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1β, chemokine (CC motif) ligand 1 (CXCL-1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Results Following forced MV-O2, increased levels of IL-33 in whole mouse lungs were associated with impaired alveolar growth and with changes consistent with BPD, including reduced numbers of enlarged alveoli, increased apoptosis, and increased expression of IL-1β, CXCL-1, and MCP-1. IL-33 inhibition improved alveolar development in hyperoxia-impaired lungs and suppressed IL-1β and MCP-1 expression and was associated with increased transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, reduced pulmonary NF-κB activity and decreased expression of the TGF-β inhibitor SMAD-7 in forced MV-O2 exposed mouse pups. Conclusions IL-33 increased hyperoxia-induced BPD in newborn mice by regulation of the expression of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqin Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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9
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Recombinant human elafin promotes alveologenesis in newborn mice exposed to chronic hyperoxia. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 92:173-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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10
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Chen X, Orriols M, Walther FJ, Laghmani EH, Hoogeboom AM, Hogen-Esch ACB, Hiemstra PS, Folkerts G, Goumans MJTH, Ten Dijke P, Morrell NW, Wagenaar GTM. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 Protects against Neonatal Hyperoxia-Induced Impairment of Alveolarization and Pulmonary Inflammation. Front Physiol 2017; 8:486. [PMID: 28751863 PMCID: PMC5507999 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Effective treatment of premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is lacking. We hypothesize that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), a ligand of the TGF-β family that binds to the activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1)-BMP receptor type 2 (BMPR2) receptor complex, may be a novel therapeutic option for BPD. Therefore, we investigated the cardiopulmonary effects of BMP9 in neonatal Wistar rats with hyperoxia-induced BPD. Methods: Directly after birth Wistar rat pups were exposed to 100% oxygen for 10 days. From day 2 rat pups received BMP9 (2.5 μg/kg, twice a day) or 0.9% NaCl by subcutaneous injection. Beneficial effects of BMP9 on aberrant alveolar development, lung inflammation and fibrosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) were investigated by morphometric analysis and cytokine production. In addition, differential mRNA expression of BMP9 and its receptor complex: ALK1, BMPR2, and Endoglin, and of the ALK1 downstream target transmembrane protein 100 (TMEM100) were studied during the development of experimental BPD. Expression of the BMP9 receptor complex and TMEM100 was studied in human endothelial and epithelial cell cultures and the effect of BMP9 on inflammatory cytokine production and TMEM100 expression was studied in endothelial cell cultures. Results:ALK1, ALK2, BMPRII, TMEM100, and Endoglin were differentially expressed in experimental BPD, suggesting a role for BMP9-dependent signaling in the development of (experimental) BPD. TMEM100 was expressed in the wall of blood vessels, showing an elastin-like expression pattern in arterioles. Expression of TMEM100 mRNA and protein was decreased after exposure to hyperoxia. BMP9 treatment of rat pups with hyperoxia-induced experimental BPD reduced alveolar enlargement, lung septal thickness and fibrosis, and prevented inflammation, but did not attenuate vascular remodeling and RVH. The anti-inflammatory effect of BMP9 was confirmed in vitro. Highest expression of ALK1, BMPR2, and TMEM100 was observed in human endothelial cell cultures. Stimulation of human endothelial cell cultures with BMP9 reduced their pro-inflammatory cytokine response and induced TMEM100 expression in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Conclusion: BMP9 protects against neonatal hyperoxia-induced BPD by improving aberrant alveolar development, inflammation and fibrosis, demonstrating its therapeutic potential for premature infants with severe BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Chen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Mar Orriols
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Frans J Walther
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorrance, CA, United States
| | - El Houari Laghmani
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M Hoogeboom
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne C B Hogen-Esch
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marie-José T H Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's and Papworth HospitalsCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry T M Wagenaar
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
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11
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Zhang L, Zhao S, Yuan L, Wu H, Jiang H, Luo G. Hyperoxia-mediated LC3B activation contributes to the impaired transdifferentiation of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) to type I cells (AECIs). Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:834-43. [PMID: 27187184 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Life-saving mechanical ventilation can also cause lung injury through the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)-like symptoms in preterm infants. It is reported that the autophagic protein microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain (LC)-3B can confer protection against hyperoxia-induced DNA damage in lung alveolar epithelium. However, its role in the transdifferentiation of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) to type I cells (AECIs) is unclear and requires further investigation. In this study, newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 90% oxygen for up to 14 days to mimic BPD in human infants, with neonatal pups exposed to room air (21% oxygen) as controls. Primary rat AECIIs were cultured under hyperoxic conditions for up to 24 hours to further investigate the underlying mechanisms. This study found that hyperoxia promoted a significant and time-dependent increase of AECII marker surfactant protein (SP)-C in the lung. The increase of AECI marker T1α was repressed by hyperoxia during lung development. These results indicated an impaired AECII transdifferentiation. Pulmonary ROS concentration and expression of autophagic protein LC-3B were increased gradually in response to hyperoxia exposure. Furthermore, AECIIs produced more ROS when cultured under hyperoxic conditions in vitro. Both the LC3B expression and the conversion from LC3BI to LC3BII were enhanced in hyperoxic AECs. Interestingly, inhibition of LC3B either by ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) or adenovirus-mediated LC3B shRNA could partly restore AECII transdifferentiation under hyperoxia condition. In summary, the current study reveals a novel role of activated LC3B induced by hyperoxia in AECII transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenyang Fourth People's Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijie Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing Campus), Daqing, China
| | - Hongmin Wu
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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12
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Porzionato A, Guidolin D, Macchi V, Sarasin G, Grisafi D, Tortorella C, Dedja A, Zaramella P, De Caro R. Fractal analysis of alveolarization in hyperoxia-induced rat models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L680-8. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00231.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
No papers are available about potentiality of fractal analysis in quantitative assessment of alveolarization in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Thus, we here performed a comparative analysis between fractal [fractal dimension ( D) and lacunarity] and stereological [mean linear intercept ( Lm), total volume of alveolar air spaces, total number of alveoli, mean alveolar volume, total volume and surface area of alveolar septa, and mean alveolar septal thickness] parameters in experimental hyperoxia-induced models of BPD. At birth, rats were distributed between the following groups: 1) rats raised in ambient air for 2 wk; 2) rats exposed to 60% oxygen for 2 wk; 3) rats raised in normoxia for 6 wk; and 4) rats exposed to 60% hyperoxia for 2 wk and to room air for further 4 wk. Normoxic 6-wk rats showed increased D and decreased lacunarity with respect to normoxic 2-wk rats, together with changes in all stereological parameters except for mean alveolar volume. Hyperoxia-exposed 2-wk rats showed significant changes only in total number of alveoli, mean alveolar volume, and lacunarity with respect to equal-in-age normoxic rats. In the comparison between 6-wk rats, the hyperoxia-exposed group showed decreased D and increased lacunarity, together with changes in all stereological parameters except for septal thickness. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves showed a comparable discriminatory power of D, lacunarity, and total number of alveoli; Lmand mean alveolar volume were less discriminative. D and lacunarity did not show significant changes when different segmentation thresholds were applied, suggesting that the fractal approach may be fit to automatic image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Porzionato
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; and
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; and
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; and
| | - Gloria Sarasin
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; and
| | - Davide Grisafi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cinzia Tortorella
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; and
| | - Arben Dedja
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zaramella
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; and
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13
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Chen X, Walther FJ, van Boxtel R, Laghmani EH, Sengers RMA, Folkerts G, DeRuiter MC, Cuppen E, Wagenaar GTM. Deficiency or inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 protects against hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:358-75. [PMID: 26495902 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Blocking of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor (LPAR) 1 may be a novel therapeutic option for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) by preventing the LPAR1-mediated adverse effects of its ligand (LPA), consisting of lung inflammation, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and fibrosis. METHODS In Wistar rats with experimental BPD, induced by continuous exposure to 100% oxygen for 10 days, we determined the beneficial effects of LPAR1 deficiency in neonatal rats with a missense mutation in cytoplasmic helix 8 of LPAR1 and of LPAR1 and -3 blocking with Ki16425. Parameters investigated included survival, lung and heart histopathology, fibrin and collagen deposition, vascular leakage and differential mRNA expression in the lungs of key genes involved in LPA signalling and BPD pathogenesis. RESULTS LPAR1-mutant rats were protected against experimental BPD and mortality with reduced alveolar septal thickness, lung inflammation (reduced influx of macrophages and neutrophils, and CINC1 expression) and collagen III deposition. However, LPAR1-mutant rats were not protected against alveolar enlargement, increased medial wall thickness of small arterioles, fibrin deposition and vascular alveolar leakage. Treatment of experimental BPD with Ki16425 confirmed the data observed in LPAR1-mutant rats, but did not reduce the pulmonary influx of neutrophils, CINC1 expression and mortality in rats with experimental BPD. In addition, Ki16425 treatment protected against PAH and right ventricular hypertrophy. CONCLUSION LPAR1 deficiency attenuates pulmonary injury by reducing pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, thereby reducing mortality, but does not affect alveolar and vascular development and, unlike Ki16425 treatment, does not prevent PAH in neonatal rats with experimental BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Chen
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - F. J. Walther
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center; Torrance CA USA
| | - R. van Boxtel
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research; Cancer Genomics Center; Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - E. H. Laghmani
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - R. M. A. Sengers
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - G. Folkerts
- Department of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - M. C. DeRuiter
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - E. Cuppen
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research; Cancer Genomics Center; Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - G. T. M. Wagenaar
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
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14
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Yu B, Li X, Wan Q, Han W, Deng C, Guo C. High-Mobility Group Box-1 Protein Disrupts Alveolar Elastogenesis of Hyperoxia-Injured Newborn Lungs. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:159-68. [PMID: 26982166 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) levels in tracheal aspirates are associated with the pathological features of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the role of HMGB1 in the terminal stage of abnormal alveologenesis has not yet been understood. In this study, we addressed the role of HMGB1 in the elastogenesis disruption in the lungs of newborn mice with BPD. We found that elevations of whole lung HMGB1 level were associated with impaired alveolar development and aberrant elastin production in 85% O2-exposed lungs. HMGB1 neutralizing antibody attenuated the structural disintegration developed in hyperoxia-damaged lungs. Furthermore, HMGB1 inhibition rescued the neutrophil influx in hyperoxia-injured lung and partially abolished the mRNA level of the proinflammatory mediators, interleukin (IL)-1β and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. These data suggested that pulmonary HMGB1 plays an important role in the disruption of elastogenesis in the terminal stage of lung development through reduced pulmonary inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benli Yu
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qiufeng Wan
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Han
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,3 Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chun Deng
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chunbao Guo
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China .,4 Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, P.R. China
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15
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Jobe AH. Animal Models, Learning Lessons to Prevent and Treat Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:49. [PMID: 26301222 PMCID: PMC4528292 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a unique injury syndrome caused by prolonged injury and repair imposed on an immature and developing lung. The decreased septation and decreased microvascular development phenotype of BPD can be reproduced in newborn rodents with increased chronic oxygen exposure and in premature primates and sheep with oxygen and/or mechanical ventilation. The inflammation caused by oxidants, inflammatory agonists, and/or stretch injury from mechanical ventilation seems to promote the anatomic abnormalities. Multiple interventions targeted to specific inflammatory cells or pathways or targeted to decreasing ventilation-mediated injury can substantially prevent the anatomic changes associated with BPD in term rodents and in preterm sheep or primate models. Most of the anti-inflammatory therapies with benefit in animal models have not been tested clinically. None of the interventions that have been tested clinically are as effective as anticipated from the animal models. These inconsistencies in responses likely are explained by the antenatal differences in lung exposures of the developing animals relative to very preterm humans. The animals generally have normal lungs while the lungs of preterm infants are exposed variably to intrauterine inflammation, growth abnormalities, antenatal corticosteroids, and poorly understood effects from the causes of preterm delivery. The animal models have been essential for the definition of the mediators that can cause a BPD phenotype. These models will be necessary to develop and test future-targeted interventions to prevent and treat BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan H Jobe
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH , USA
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16
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Masood A, Yi M, Belcastro R, Li J, Lopez L, Kantores C, Jankov RP, Tanswell AK. Neutrophil elastase-induced elastin degradation mediates macrophage influx and lung injury in 60% O2-exposed neonatal rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L53-62. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00298.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil (PMNL) influx precedes lung macrophage (LM) influx into the lung following exposure of newborn pups to 60% O2. We hypothesized that PMNL were responsible for the signals leading to LM influx. This was confirmed when inhibition of PMNL influx with a CXC chemokine receptor-2 antagonist, SB-265610, also prevented the 60% O2-dependent LM influx, LM-derived nitrotyrosine formation, and pruning of small arterioles. Exposure to 60% O2was associated with increased lung contents of neutrophil elastase and α-elastin, a marker of denatured elastin, and a decrease in elastin fiber density. This led us to speculate that neutrophil elastase-induced elastin fragments were the chemokines that led to a LM influx into the 60% O2-exposed lung. Inhibition of neutrophil elastase with sivelestat or elafin attenuated the LM influx. Sivelestat also attenuated the 60% O2-induced decrease in elastin fiber density. Daily injections of pups with an antibody to α-elastin prevented the 60% O2-dependent LM influx, impaired alveologenesis, and impaired small vessel formation. This suggests that neutrophil elastase inhibitors may protect against neonatal lung injury not only by preventing structural elastin degradation, but also by blocking elastin fragment-induced LM influx, thus preventing tissue injury from LM-derived peroxynitrite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Masood
- Lung Biology Programme, Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Man Yi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rosetta Belcastro
- Lung Biology Programme, Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Li
- Lung Biology Programme, Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lianet Lopez
- Lung Biology Programme, Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Crystal Kantores
- Lung Biology Programme, Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert P. Jankov
- Lung Biology Programme, Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
- Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A. Keith Tanswell
- Lung Biology Programme, Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
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17
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Chen X, Walther FJ, Sengers RMA, Laghmani EH, Salam A, Folkerts G, Pera T, Wagenaar GTM. Metformin attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats by reducing the inflammatory response. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L262-70. [PMID: 26047641 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00389.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Because therapeutic options are lacking for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), there is an urgent medical need to discover novel targets/drugs to treat this neonatal chronic lung disease. Metformin, a drug commonly used to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes patients, may be a novel therapeutic option for BPD by reducing pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and improving vascularization. We investigated the therapeutic potential of daily treatment with 25 and 100 mg/kg metformin, injected subcutaneously in neonatal Wistar rats with severe experimental BPD, induced by continuous exposure to 100% oxygen for 10 days. Parameters investigated included survival, lung and heart histopathology, pulmonary fibrin and collagen deposition, vascular leakage, right ventricular hypertrophy, and differential mRNA expression in the lungs of key genes involved in BPD pathogenesis, including inflammation, coagulation, and alveolar development. After daily metformin treatment rat pups with experimental BPD had reduced mortality, alveolar septum thickness, lung inflammation, and fibrosis, demonstrated by a reduced influx of macrophages and neutrophils and hyperoxia-induced collagen III and fibrin deposition (25 mg/kg), as well as improved vascularization (100 mg/kg) compared with control treatment. However, metformin did not ameliorate alveolar enlargement, small arteriole wall thickening, vascular alveolar leakage, and right ventricular hypertrophy. In conclusion metformin prolongs survival and attenuates pulmonary injury by reducing pulmonary inflammation, coagulation, and fibrosis but does not affect alveolar development or prevent pulmonary arterial hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy in neonatal rats with severe hyperoxia-induced experimental BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frans J Walther
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Rozemarijn M A Sengers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - El Houari Laghmani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Asma Salam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Tonio Pera
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerry T M Wagenaar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;
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18
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Gallindo RM, Gonçalves FLL, Figueira RL, Pereira LAVD, Simões ALB, Schmidt AF, Sbragia L. Ventilation causes pulmonary vascular dilation and modulates the NOS and VEGF pathway on newborn rats with CDH. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:842-8. [PMID: 25783315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a defect that presents high mortality because of pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension. Mechanical ventilation changes signaling pathways, such as nitric oxide and VEGF in the pulmonary arterioles. We investigated the production of NOS2 and NOS3 and expression of VEGF and its receptors after ventilation in rat fetuses with CDH. METHODS CDH was induced by Nitrofen. The fetuses were divided into 6 groups: 1) control (C); 2) control ventilated (CV); 3) exposed to nitrofen (N-); 4) exposed to nitrofen ventilated (N-V), 5) CDH and 6) CDH ventilated (CDHV). Fetuses were harvested and ventilated. We assessed body weight (BW), total lung weight (TLW), TLW/BW ratio, the median pulmonary arteriolar wall thickness (MWT). We analyzed the expression of NOS2, NOS3, VEGF and its receptors by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS BW, TLW, and TLW/BW ratio were greater on C than on N- and CDH (p<0.05). The MWT was higher in CDH than in CDHV (p<0.001). CDHV showed increased expression of NOS3 (p<0.05) and VEGFR1 (p<0.05), but decreased expression of NOS2 (p<0.05) and VEGFR2 (p<0.001) compared to CDH. CONCLUSION Ventilation caused pulmonary vasodilation and changed the expression of NOS and VEGF receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Melo Gallindo
- Laboratory of Experimental Fetal Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Frances Lilian Lanhellas Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Experimental Fetal Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Lopes Figueira
- Laboratory of Experimental Fetal Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Leda Bertoncini Simões
- Laboratory of Experimental Fetal Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lourenço Sbragia
- Laboratory of Experimental Fetal Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Belcastro R, Lopez L, Li J, Masood A, Tanswell AK. Chronic lung injury in the neonatal rat: up-regulation of TGFβ1 and nitration of IGF-R1 by peroxynitrite as likely contributors to impaired alveologenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 80:1-11. [PMID: 25514442 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal alveolarization is regulated by a number of growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) acting through the insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-R1). Exposure of the neonatal rat lung to 60% O2 for 14 days results in impairments of lung cell proliferation, secondary crest formation, and alveologenesis. This lung injury is mediated by peroxynitrite and is prevented by treatment with a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst. We hypothesized that one of the mechanisms by which peroxynitrite induces lung injury in 60% O2 is through nitration and inactivation of critical growth factors or their receptors. Increased nitration of both IGF-I and IGF-R1 was evident in 60% O2-exposed lungs, which was reversible by concurrent treatment with a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst. Increased nitration of the IGF-R1 was associated with its reduced activation, as assessed by IGF-R1 phosphotyrosine content. IGF-I displacement binding plots were conducted in vitro using rat fetal lung distal epithelial cells which respond to IGF-I by an increase in DNA synthesis. When IGF-I was nitrated to a degree similar to that observed in vivo there was minimal, if any, effect on IGF-I displacement binding. In contrast, nitrating cell IGF-R1 to a similar degree to that observed in vivo completely prevented specific binding of IGF-I to the IGF-R1, and attenuated an IGF-I-mediated increase in DNA synthesis. Additionally, we hypothesized that peroxynitrite also impairs alveologenesis by being an upstream regulator of the growth inhibitor, TGFβ1. That 60% O2-induced impairment of alveologenesis was mediated in part by TGFβ1 was confirmed by demonstrating an improvement in secondary crest formation when 60% O2-exposed pups received concurrent treatment with the TGFß1 activin receptor-like kinase, SB 431542. That the increased TGFβ1 content in lungs of pups exposed to 60% O2 was regulated by peroxynitrite was confirmed by its attenuation by concurrent treatment with a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst. We conclude that peroxynitrite contributes to the impaired alveologenesis observed following the exposure of neonatal rats to 60% O2 both by preventing binding of IGF-I to the IGF-R1, secondary to nitration of the IGF-R1, and by causing an up-regulation of the growth inhibitor, TGFβ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosetta Belcastro
- Lung Biology Programme, Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8
| | - Lianet Lopez
- Lung Biology Programme, Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8
| | - Jun Li
- Lung Biology Programme, Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8
| | - Azhar Masood
- Lung Biology Programme, Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8
| | - A Keith Tanswell
- Lung Biology Programme, Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8.
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20
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Zhang H, Sweezey NB, Kaplan F. LGL1 modulates proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of human fetal lung fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 308:L391-402. [PMID: 25480331 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00119.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid growth and formation of new gas exchange units (alveogenesis) are hallmarks of the perinatal lung. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), common in very premature infants, is characterized by premature arrest of alveogenesis. Mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts) regulate both lung branching and alveogenesis through mesenchymal-epithelial interactions. Temporal or spatial deficiency of late-gestation lung 1/cysteine-rich secretory protein LD2 (LGL1/CRISPLD2), expressed in and secreted by lung fibroblasts, can impair both lung branching and alveogenesis (LGL1 denotes late gestation lung 1 protein; LGL1 denotes the human gene; Lgl1 denotes the mouse/rat gene). Absence of Lgl1 is embryonic lethal. Lgl1 levels are dramatically reduced in oxygen toxicity rat models of BPD, and heterozygous Lgl1(+/-) mice exhibit features resembling human BPD. To explore the role of LGL1 in mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in developing lung, we developed a doxycycline (DOX)-inducible RNA-mediated LGL1 knockdown cellular model in human fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC5(LGL1KD)). We assessed the impact of LGL1 on cell proliferation, cell migration, apoptosis, and wound healing. DOX-induced MRC5(LGL1KD) suppressed cell growth and increased apoptosis of annexin V(+) staining cells and caspase 3/7 activity. LGL1-conditioned medium increased migration of fetal rat primary lung epithelial cells and human airway epithelial cells. Impaired healing by MRC5(LGL1KD) cells of a wound model was attenuated by addition of LGL1-conditioned medium. Suppression of LGL1 was associated with dysregulation of extracellular matrix genes (downregulated MMP1, ColXVα1, and ELASTIN) and proapoptosis genes (upregulated BAD, BAK, CASP2, and TNFRSF1B) and inhibition of 44/42MAPK phosphorylation. Our findings define a role for LGL1 in fibroblast expansion and migration, epithelial cell migration, and mesenchymal-epithelial signaling, key processes in fetal lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Neil B Sweezey
- Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feige Kaplan
- Departments of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;
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Aberrant elastin remodeling in the lungs of O2-exposed newborn mice; primarily results from perturbed interaction between integrins and elastin. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:589-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Berkelhamer SK, Farrow KN. Developmental regulation of antioxidant enzymes and their impact on neonatal lung disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1837-48. [PMID: 24295375 PMCID: PMC4203145 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Deficient antioxidant defenses and compromised ability to respond to oxidative stress burden the immature lung. Routine neonatal therapies can cause increased oxidative stress with subsequent injury to the premature lung. Novel therapeutic approaches to protect the premature lung are greatly needed. RECENT ADVANCES Live cell imaging with targeted redox probes allows for the measurement of subcellular oxidative stress and for comparisons of oxidative stress across development. Comprehension of subcellular and cell-type-specific responses to oxidative stress may influence the targeting of future antioxidant therapies. CRITICAL ISSUES Challenges remain in identifying the optimal cellular targets, degree of enzyme activity, and appropriate antioxidant therapy. Further, the efficacy of delivering exogenous antioxidants to specific cell types or subcellular compartments remains under investigation. Treatment with a nonselective antioxidant could unintentionally compromise cellular function or impact cellular defense mechanisms and homeostasis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Genetic and/or biomarker screening may identify infants at the greatest risk for oxidative lung injury and guide the use of more selective antioxidant therapies. Novel approaches to the delivery of antioxidant enzymes may allow cell type- or cellular organelle-specific therapy. Improved comprehension of the antioxidant enzyme regulation across cell type, cell compartment, gender, and developmental stage is critical to the design and optimization of therapy.
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Brahmajothi MV, Tinch BT, Wempe MF, Endou H, Auten RL. Hyperoxia inhibits nitric oxide treatment effects in alveolar epithelial cells via effects on L-type amino acid transporter-1. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1823-36. [PMID: 25089378 PMCID: PMC4202911 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were to determine hyperoxia effects on S-nitrosothiol (SNO) accumulation and L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) expression/function in alveolar epithelium and to determine whether hyperoxia impairs exogenous nitric oxide (NO) treatment effects in alveolar epithelium through effects on LAT1 expression and/or function. RESULTS SNO accumulation in vitro and in vivo after NO treatment was dependent on the LAT1 system transport. Hyperoxia (60% or 90%) impaired NO effects on SNO accumulation and soluble guanylyl cyclase activation in proportion to the magnitude of hyperoxia and the duration of exposure, up to 12 h, in type I-like (R3/1) and type II-like (L2) rat and human (A549) alveolar epithelial cells. LAT function, determined by sodium-independent (3)H-leucine uptake, was impaired in a parallel manner. Hyperoxia impaired LAT1 expression in alveolar epithelial cells, determined by immunoblots and immunofluorescence, and in newborn rats exposed to 60% O2 for 4 days, determined by immunohistochemistry. INNOVATION Despite significant preclinical evidence, inhaled NO has shown disappointing limitations in clinical applications. Our studies suggest an important explanation: oxidative stress, a common feature of diseases in which therapeutic NO would be considered, impairs LAT1 expression and function, blocking a major route for inhaled NO (iNO) action, that is, the uptake of S-nitrosocysteine via LAT1. CONCLUSIONS SNO uptake after NO treatment is dependent on LAT1. Hyperoxia impairs SNO uptake and NO effects during NO exposure and impairs LAT system function and LAT1 expression. Effects on SNO formation and transport must be considered for rational optimization of NO-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugu V Brahmajothi
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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O'Reilly M, Thébaud B. Animal models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The term rat models. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L948-58. [PMID: 25305248 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00160.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the chronic lung disease of prematurity that affects very preterm infants. Although advances in perinatal care have enabled the survival of infants born as early as 23-24 wk of gestation, the challenge of promoting lung growth while protecting the ever more immature lung from injury is now bigger. Consequently, BPD remains one of the most common complications of extreme prematurity and still lacks specific treatments. Progress in our understanding of BPD and the potential of developing therapeutic strategies have arisen from large (baboons, sheep, and pigs) and small (rabbits, rats, and mice) animal models. This review focuses specifically on the use of the rat to model BPD and summarizes how the model is used in various research studies and the advantages and limitations of this particular model, and it highlights recent therapeutic advances in BPD by using this rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Masood A, Yi M, Lau M, Belcastro R, Li J, Kantores C, Pace-Asciak CR, Jankov RP, Tanswell AK. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition partially protects against 60% O2 -mediated lung injury in neonatal rats. Pediatr Pulmonol 2014; 49:991-1002. [PMID: 24273102 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.22921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Use of the anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia has been curtailed, and no alternative anti-inflammatory agents are approved for this use. Our objective was to use a neonatal rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia to determine if an highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, 5,5-dimethyl-3-(3-fluorophenyl)4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2(5H)-furanone (DFU; 10 µg/g body weight), could prevent inflammatory cell influx and protect against lung injury. METHODS Neonatal rats exposed to air or 60% O2 for 14 days from birth either received daily i.p. injections of (i) vehicle or DFU or (ii) vehicle or an EP(1) receptor antagonist, SC-19220. RESULTS DFU attenuated the lung macrophage and neutrophil influx, prevented interstitial thickening and prevented the loss of peripheral blood vessels induced by 60% O2 , but did not protect against the variance in alveolar diameter induced by 60% O2 . Exposure to 60% O2 caused both an increase in lung prostaglandin E2 content and a reduction in lung mesenchymal cell mass which was reversed by DFU. Prostaglandin E2 binding to the EP(1) receptor inhibited DNA synthesis in cultures of lung fibroblasts in a dose dependent fashion. Treatment with SC-19220 attenuated the reduction in lung mesenchymal mass observed following exposure of rat pups to 60% O2 . CONCLUSIONS An highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor is an effective anti-inflammatory substitute for dexamethasone for preventing phagocyte influx into the neonatal lung during 60% O2 -mediated lung injury, and can modify the severity of that injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Masood
- Lung Biology Programme, Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Wagenaar GTM, Sengers RMA, Laghmani EH, Chen X, Lindeboom MPHA, Roks AJM, Folkerts G, Walther FJ. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor ligand PD123319 attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung and heart injury at a low dose in newborn rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L261-72. [PMID: 24951776 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00345.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervening in angiotensin (Ang)-II type 2 receptor (AT2) signaling may have therapeutic potential for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) by attenuating lung inflammation and preventing arterial hypertension (PAH)-induced right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). We first investigated the role of AT2 inhibition with PD123319 (0.5 and 2 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) on the beneficial effect of AT2 agonist LP2-3 (5 μg/kg twice a day) on RVH in newborn rats with hyperoxia-induced BPD. Next we determined the cardiopulmonary effects of PD123319 (0.1 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) in two models: early treatment during continuous exposure to hyperoxia for 10 days and late treatment starting on day 6 in rat pups exposed postnatally to hyperoxia for 9 days, followed by a 9-day recovery period in room air. Parameters investigated included lung and heart histopathology, fibrin deposition, vascular leakage, and differential mRNA expression. Ten days of coadministration of LP2-3 and PD123319 abolished the beneficial effects of LP2-3 on RVH in experimental BPD. In the early treatment model PD123319 attenuated cardiopulmonary injury by reducing alveolar septal thickness, pulmonary influx of inflammatory cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, medial wall thickness of small arterioles, and extravascular collagen III deposition, and by preventing RVH. In the late treatment model PD123319 diminished PAH and RVH, demonstrating that PAH is reversible in the neonatal period. At high concentrations PD123319 blocks the beneficial effects of the AT2-agonist LP2-3 on RVH. At low concentrations PD123319 attenuates cardiopulmonary injury by reducing pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and preventing PAH-induced RVH but does not affect alveolar and vascular development in newborn rats with experimental BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry T M Wagenaar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Rozemarijn M A Sengers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - El Houari Laghmani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xueyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa P H A Lindeboom
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J M Roks
- Division of Vascular Disease and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Frans J Walther
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
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Hilgendorff A, Reiss I, Ehrhardt H, Eickelberg O, Alvira CM. Chronic lung disease in the preterm infant. Lessons learned from animal models. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:233-45. [PMID: 24024524 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0014tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal chronic lung disease, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), is the most common complication of premature birth, affecting up to 30% of very low birth weight infants. Improved medical care has allowed for the survival of the most premature infants and has significantly changed the pathology of BPD from a disease marked by severe lung injury to the "new" form characterized by alveolar hypoplasia and impaired vascular development. However, increased patient survival has led to a paucity of pathologic specimens available from infants with BPD. This, combined with the lack of a system to model alveolarization in vitro, has resulted in a great need for animal models that mimic key features of the disease. To this end, a number of animal models have been created by exposing the immature lung to injuries induced by hyperoxia, mechanical stretch, and inflammation and most recently by the genetic modification of mice. These animal studies have 1) allowed insight into the mechanisms that determine alveolar growth, 2) delineated factors central to the pathogenesis of neonatal chronic lung disease, and 3) informed the development of new therapies. In this review, we summarize the key findings and limitations of the most common animal models of BPD and discuss how knowledge obtained from these studies has informed clinical care. Future studies should aim to provide a more complete understanding of the pathways that preserve and repair alveolar growth during injury, which might be translated into novel strategies to treat lung diseases in infants and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hilgendorff
- 1 Department of Perinatology Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
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Lee AH, Dhaliwal R, Kantores C, Ivanovska J, Gosal K, McNamara PJ, Letarte M, Jankov RP. Rho-kinase inhibitor prevents bleomycin-induced injury in neonatal rats independent of effects on lung inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:61-73. [PMID: 23947621 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0131oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bleomycin-induced lung injury is characterized in the neonatal rat by inflammation dominated by neutrophils and macrophages, inhibited distal airway and vascular development, and pulmonary hypertension, similar to human infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Rho-kinase (ROCK) is known to mediate lung injury in adult animals via stimulatory effects on inflammation. We therefore hypothesized that inhibition of ROCK may ameliorate bleomycin-induced lung injury in the neonatal rat. Pups received daily intraperitoneal bleomycin or saline from Postnatal Days 1 through 14 with or without Y-27632, a ROCK inhibitor. Treatment with Y-27632 prevented bleomycin-induced pulmonary hypertension, as evidenced by normalized pulmonary vascular resistance, decreased right-ventricular hypertrophy, and attenuated remodeling of pulmonary resistance arteries. Bleomycin-induced changes in distal lung architecture, including septal thinning, inhibited alveolarization, and decreased numbers of peripheral arteries and capillaries, were partially or completely normalized by Y-27632. Treatment with Y-27632 or a CXCR2 antagonist, SB265610, also abrogated tissue neutrophil influx, while having no effect on macrophages. However, treatment with SB265610 did not prevent bleomycin-induced lung injury. Lung content of angiostatic thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) was increased significantly in the lungs of bleomycin-exposed animals, and was completely attenuated by treatment with Y-27632. Thrombin-stimulated TSP1 production by primary cultured rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells was also attenuated by Y-27632. Taken together, our findings suggest a preventive effect of Y-27632 on bleomycin-mediated injury by a mechanism unrelated to inflammatory cells. Our data suggest that improvements in lung morphology may have been related to indirect stimulatory effects on angiogenesis via down-regulation of TSP1.
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Rieger-Fackeldey E, Park MS, Schanbacher BL, Joshi MS, Chicoine LG, Nelin LD, Bauer JA, Welty SE, Smith CV. Lung development alterations in newborn mice after recovery from exposure to sublethal hyperoxia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1010-1016. [PMID: 24518568 PMCID: PMC7538813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of newborn mice to hyperoxia arrests lung development, with resultant pathological characteristics similar to bronchopulmonary dysplasia in infants born prematurely. We tested the hypothesis that aberrations in lung development caused by 14 days of sublethal hyperoxia would be reversed during 14 days of recovery to room air (RA) when the concentration of oxygen exposure was weaned gradually. Newborn FVB mice were exposed to 85% oxygen or RA for 14 days. Weaning from hyperoxia was by either transfer directly into RA or a decrease in the concentration of oxygen by 10% per days. At 28 days, pups were euthanized, and the lungs were inflation fixed and assessed. At postnatal day 28, lungs of mice weaned abruptly from hyperoxia had fewer (6 ± 0.6 versus 10 ± 0.7; P < 0.001) alveoli per high-powered field and larger alveoli (4050 ± 207 versus 2305 ± 182 μm(2)) than animals weaned gradually; both hyperoxia-exposed groups were different from lungs obtained from air-breathing controls (20 ± 0.5 alveoli per high-powered field; P < 0.001). The results are consistent with the absence of catch-up alveolarization in this model and indicate that the long-term consequences of early exposures to hyperoxia merit closer examination. The effects of abrupt weaning to RA observed further suggest that weaning should be considered in experimental models of newborn exposure to hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Rieger-Fackeldey
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio,Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Min S. Park
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio,Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Brandon L. Schanbacher
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mandar S. Joshi
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Louis G. Chicoine
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Leif D. Nelin
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John A. Bauer
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Stephen E. Welty
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio,Address correspondence to Stephen E. Welty, M.D., 6621 Fannin St, WT6-104, Houston, TX 77030.
| | - Charles V. Smith
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio,Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
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Yee M, Buczynski BW, O’Reilly MA. Neonatal hyperoxia stimulates the expansion of alveolar epithelial type II cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:757-66. [PMID: 24188066 PMCID: PMC4068921 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0207oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental oxygen used to treat infants born prematurely disrupts angiogenesis and is a risk factor for persistent pulmonary disease later in life. Although it is unclear how neonatal oxygen affects development of the respiratory epithelium, alveolar simplification and depletion of type II cells has been observed in adult mice exposed to hyperoxia between postnatal Days 0 and 4. Because hyperoxia inhibits cell proliferation, we hypothesized that it depleted the adult lung of type II cells by inhibiting their proliferation at birth. Newborn mice were exposed to room air (RA) or hyperoxia, and the oxygen-exposed mice were recovered in RA. Hyperoxia stimulated mRNA expressed by type II (Sftpc, Abca3) and type I (T1α, Aquaporin 5) cells and inhibited Pecam expressed by endothelial cells. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling and fate mapping with enhanced green fluorescence protein controlled statically by the Sftpc promoter or conditionally by the Scgb1a1 promoter revealed increased Sftpc and Abca3 mRNA seen on Day 4 reflected an increase in expansion of type II cells shortly after birth. When mice were returned to RA, this expanded population of type II cells was slowly depleted until few were detected by 8 weeks. These findings reveal that hyperoxia stimulates alveolar epithelial cell expansion when it disrupts angiogenesis. The loss of type II cells during recovery in RA may contribute to persistent pulmonary diseases such as those reported in children born preterm who were exposed to supplemental oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yee
- Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Bradley W. Buczynski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester New York
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Anyanwu AC, Bentley JK, Popova AP, Malas O, Alghanem H, Goldsmith AM, Hershenson MB, Pinsky DJ. Suppression of inflammatory cell trafficking and alveolar simplification by the heme oxygenase-1 product carbon monoxide. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L749-63. [PMID: 24532288 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00236.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a lung disease of prematurely born infants, is characterized in part by arrested development of pulmonary alveolae. We hypothesized that heme oxygenase (HO-1) and its byproduct carbon monoxide (CO), which are thought to be cytoprotective against redox stress, mitigate lung injury and alveolar simplification in hyperoxia-exposed neonatal mice, a model of BPD. Three-day-old C57BL/6J mice were exposed to air or hyperoxia (FiO2, 75%) in the presence or absence of inhaled CO (250 ppm for 1 h twice daily) for 21 days. Hyperoxic exposure increased mean linear intercept, a measure of alveolar simplification, whereas CO treatment attenuated hypoalveolarization, yielding a normal-appearing lung. Conversely, HO-1-null mice showed exaggerated hyperoxia-induced hypoalveolarization. CO also inhibited hyperoxia-induced pulmonary accumulation of F4/80+, CD11c+, and CD11b+ monocytes and Gr-1+ neutrophils. Furthermore, CO attenuated lung mRNA and protein expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including the monocyte chemoattractant CCL2 in vivo, and decreased hyperoxia-induced type I alveolar epithelial cell CCL2 production in vitro. Hyperoxia-exposed CCL2-null mice, like CO-treated mice, showed attenuated alveolar simplification and lung infiltration of CD11b+ monocytes, consistent with the notion that CO blocks lung epithelial cell cytokine production. We conclude that, in hyperoxia-exposed neonatal mice, inhalation of CO suppresses inflammation and alveolar simplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuli C Anyanwu
- Univ. of Michigan, 7220 C, Medical Science Research Bldg. III, 1150 West Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0644 (e-mail address:
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Madurga A, Mižíková I, Ruiz-Camp J, Vadász I, Herold S, Mayer K, Fehrenbach H, Seeger W, Morty RE. Systemic hydrogen sulfide administration partially restores normal alveolarization in an experimental animal model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L684-97. [PMID: 24508731 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00361.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrested alveolarization is the pathological hallmark of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a complication of premature birth. Here, the impact of systemic application of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on postnatal alveolarization was assessed in a mouse BPD model. Exposure of newborn mice to 85% O2 for 10 days reduced the total lung alveoli number by 56% and increased alveolar septal wall thickness by 29%, as assessed by state-of-the-art stereological analysis. Systemic application of H2S via the slow-release H2S donor GYY4137 for 10 days resulted in pronounced improvement in lung alveolarization in pups breathing 85% O2, compared with vehicle-treated littermates. Although without impact on lung oxidative status, systemic H2S blunted leukocyte infiltration into alveolar air spaces provoked by hyperoxia, and restored normal lung interleukin 10 levels that were otherwise depressed by 85% O2. Treatment of primary mouse alveolar type II (ATII) cells with the rapid-release H2S donor NaHS had no impact on cell viability; however, NaHS promoted ATII cell migration. Although exposure of ATII cells to 85% O2 caused dramatic changes in mRNA expression, exposure to either GYY4137 or NaHS had no impact on ATII cell mRNA expression, as assessed by microarray, suggesting that the effects observed were independent of changes in gene expression. The impact of NaHS on ATII cell migration was attenuated by glibenclamide, implicating ion channels, and was accompanied by activation of Akt, hinting at two possible mechanisms of H2S action. These data support further investigation of H2S as a candidate interventional strategy to limit the arrested alveolarization associated with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Madurga
- Dept. of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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Madurga A, Mizíková I, Ruiz-Camp J, Morty RE. Recent advances in late lung development and the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L893-905. [PMID: 24213917 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00267.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to early lung development, a process exemplified by the branching of the developing airways, the later development of the immature lung remains very poorly understood. A key event in late lung development is secondary septation, in which secondary septa arise from primary septa, creating a greater number of alveoli of a smaller size, which dramatically expands the surface area over which gas exchange can take place. Secondary septation, together with architectural changes to the vascular structure of the lung that minimize the distance between the inspired air and the blood, are the objectives of late lung development. The process of late lung development is disturbed in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease of prematurely born infants in which the structural development of the alveoli is blunted as a consequence of inflammation, volutrauma, and oxygen toxicity. This review aims to highlight notable recent developments in our understanding of late lung development and the pathogenesis of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Madurga
- Dept. of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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Joza S, Wang J, Tseu I, Ackerley C, Post M. Fetal, but Not Postnatal, Deletion of Semaphorin-Neuropilin-1 Signaling Affects Murine Alveolar Development. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:627-36. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0407oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Berkelhamer SK, Kim GA, Radder JE, Wedgwood S, Czech L, Steinhorn RH, Schumacker PT. Developmental differences in hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress and cellular responses in the murine lung. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:51-60. [PMID: 23499839 PMCID: PMC3723750 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of newborn mice to high inspired oxygen elicits a distinct phenotype of compromised alveolar and vascular development, although lethality during long-term exposure is lower in newborns compared to adults. As the effects of hyperoxia are mediated by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, we hypothesized that newborn mice may exhibit enhanced expression of antioxidant defenses or attenuated ROS generation compared with adults. We measured subcellular oxidant responses to acute hyperoxia in lung slices and alveolar epithelial cells at varying time points during postnatal murine lung development. Oxidant stress was assessed using RoGFP, a ratiometric protein thiol redox sensor, targeted to the cytosol or the mitochondrial matrix. In contrast to newborn resistance to oxygen-induced mortality, cells of lung slices from younger mice demonstrated exaggerated mitochondrial matrix oxidant stress compared to adults, whereas oxidant stress responses in the cytosol were absent. Cell death in lung slices from newborn mice exposed to 48h of hyperoxia was also greater than for adults. Consistent with these findings, expression of antioxidant enzymes in newborn lungs was lower than in adults, and induction of antioxidant levels and activity during 24h of in vivo exposure was absent. However, expression of the reactive oxygen species-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase 1 was increased with hyperoxic exposure in the young but not the adult lung. Collectively, these results suggest that the greater lethality in adult animals may be more likely attributed to processes such as inflammation than to differences in antioxidant defenses. Therapies for neonatal and adult oxidative lung injury should therefore consider and address developmental differences in oxidative stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K. Berkelhamer
- Department of Pediatrics, 310 E. Superior St, Morton Building, Northwestern University, Chicago IL. 60611 USA
| | - Gina A. Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, 310 E. Superior St, Morton Building, Northwestern University, Chicago IL. 60611 USA
| | - Josiah E. Radder
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 240 E. Huron Ave, McGaw Mezzanine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. 60611 USA
| | - Stephen Wedgwood
- Department of Pediatrics, 310 E. Superior St, Morton Building, Northwestern University, Chicago IL. 60611 USA
| | - Lyubov Czech
- Department of Pediatrics, 310 E. Superior St, Morton Building, Northwestern University, Chicago IL. 60611 USA
| | - Robin H. Steinhorn
- Department of Pediatrics, 310 E. Superior St, Morton Building, Northwestern University, Chicago IL. 60611 USA
| | - Paul T. Schumacker
- Department of Pediatrics, 310 E. Superior St, Morton Building, Northwestern University, Chicago IL. 60611 USA
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Choi CW, Kim BI, Mason SN, Potts-Kant EN, Brahmajothi MV, Auten RL. Intra-amniotic LPS amplifies hyperoxia-induced airway hyperreactivity in neonatal rats. Pediatr Res 2013; 74:11-8. [PMID: 23563192 PMCID: PMC3707085 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2013.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) amplifies alveolar hypoplasia induced by postnatal hyperoxia. We determined whether the priming effect of intra-amniotic LPS amplifies hyperoxia-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR). METHODS LPS or normal saline was injected into the amniotic cavities of pregnant rats at the 20th day of gestation. After birth, rat pups were exposed to 60% O₂ or air for 14 d. On postnatal day 14, rat pups underwent forced oscillometry, which included a challenge with nebulized methacholine, and the lungs were harvested for morphological studies. RESULTS Hyperoxia significantly increased airway reactivity and decreased compliance. Intra-amniotic LPS further increased hyperoxia-induced AHR but did not further impair respiratory system compliance. Hyperoxia-induced changes in lung parenchymal and small airway morphology were not further altered by intra-amniotic LPS. However, combined exposure to intra-amniotic LPS and hyperoxia increased the proportion of degranulating mast cells in the hilar airways. CONCLUSION Intra-amniotic LPS amplified postnatal hyperoxia-induced AHR. This was associated with increased airway mast cell degranulation, which has previously been linked with hyperoxia-induced AHR. There were no morphologic changes of parenchyma or airways that would account for the LPS augmentation of hyperoxia-induced AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Won Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
| | - Beyong Il Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea,Department of Pediatrics and Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Stanley N. Mason
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Erin N. Potts-Kant
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Richard L. Auten
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Wagenaar GTM, Laghmani EH, Fidder M, Sengers RMA, de Visser YP, de Vries L, Rink R, Roks AJM, Folkerts G, Walther FJ. Agonists of MAS oncogene and angiotensin II type 2 receptors attenuate cardiopulmonary disease in rats with neonatal hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L341-51. [PMID: 23812633 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00360.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of MAS oncogene receptor (MAS) or angiotensin (Ang) receptor type 2 (AT2) may be novel therapeutic options for neonatal chronic lung disease (CLD) by counterbalancing the adverse effects of the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, consisting of arterial hypertension (PAH)-induced right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and pulmonary inflammation. We determined the cardiopulmonary effects in neonatal rats with CLD of daily treatment during continuous exposure to 100% oxygen for 10 days with specific ligands for MAS [cyclic Ang-(1-7); 10-50 μg·kg(-1)·day(-1)] and AT2 [dKcAng-(1-7); 5-20 μg·kg(-1)·day(-1)]. Parameters investigated included lung and heart histopathology, fibrin deposition, vascular leakage, and differential mRNA expression in the lungs of key genes involved in the renin-angiotensin system, inflammation, coagulation, and alveolar development. We investigated the role of nitric oxide synthase inhibition with N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (25 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) during AT2 agonist treatment. Prophylactic treatment with agonists for MAS or AT2 for 10 days diminished cardiopulmonary injury by reducing alveolar septum thickness and medial wall thickness of small arterioles and preventing RVH. Both agonists attenuated the pulmonary influx of inflammatory cells, including macrophages (via AT2) and neutrophils (via MAS) but did not reduce alveolar enlargement and vascular alveolar leakage. The AT2 agonist attenuated hyperoxia-induced fibrin deposition. In conclusion, stimulation of MAS or AT2 attenuates cardiopulmonary injury by reducing pulmonary inflammation and preventing PAH-induced RVH but does not affect alveolar and vascular development in neonatal rats with experimental CLD. The beneficial effects of AT2 activation on experimental CLD were mediated via a NOS-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry T M Wagenaar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Vadivel A, Alphonse RS, Collins JJP, van Haaften T, O’Reilly M, Eaton F, Thébaud B. The axonal guidance cue semaphorin 3C contributes to alveolar growth and repair. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67225. [PMID: 23840631 PMCID: PMC3688622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases characterized by alveolar damage such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants and emphysema lack efficient treatments. Understanding the mechanisms contributing to normal and impaired alveolar growth and repair may identify new therapeutic targets for these lung diseases. Axonal guidance cues are molecules that guide the outgrowth of axons. Amongst these axonal guidance cues, members of the Semaphorin family, in particular Semaphorin 3C (Sema3C), contribute to early lung branching morphogenesis. The role of Sema3C during alveolar growth and repair is unknown. We hypothesized that Sema3C promotes alveolar development and repair. In vivo Sema3C knock down using intranasal siRNA during the postnatal stage of alveolar development in rats caused significant air space enlargement reminiscent of BPD. Sema3C knock down was associated with increased TLR3 expression and lung inflammatory cells influx. In a model of O2-induced arrested alveolar growth in newborn rats mimicking BPD, air space enlargement was associated with decreased lung Sema3C mRNA expression. In vitro, Sema3C treatment preserved alveolar epithelial cell viability in hyperoxia and accelerated alveolar epithelial cell wound healing. Sema3C preserved lung microvascular endothelial cell vascular network formation in vitro under hyperoxic conditions. In vivo, Sema3C treatment of hyperoxic rats decreased lung neutrophil influx and preserved alveolar and lung vascular growth. Sema3C also preserved lung plexinA2 and Sema3C expression, alveolar epithelial cell proliferation and decreased lung apoptosis. In conclusion, the axonal guidance cue Sema3C promotes normal alveolar growth and may be worthwhile further investigating as a potential therapeutic target for lung repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul Vadivel
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program and Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rajesh S. Alphonse
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Human Development, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular Research Center and Pulmonary Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jennifer J. P. Collins
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program and Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tim van Haaften
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Human Development, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular Research Center and Pulmonary Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Megan O’Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Human Development, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular Research Center and Pulmonary Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Farah Eaton
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Human Development, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular Research Center and Pulmonary Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program and Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Jamal M, Masood A, Belcastro R, Lopez L, Li J, Belik J, Jankov RP, Keith Tanswell A. Lipid hydroperoxide formation regulates postnatal rat lung cell apoptosis and alveologenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2013. [PMID: 23195685 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An acute increase in oxygen tension after birth imposes an oxidative stress upon the lung. We hypothesized that the resultant increase in reactive oxygen species, specifically lipid hydroperoxides, would trigger postnatal alveologenesis and physiological lung cell apoptosis in the neonatal rat. Neonatal rats were either untreated or treated daily with subcutaneous vehicle or diphenyl phenyl diamine, a scavenger of lipid hydroperoxides and inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, from day 1 to 6 of life. Alveolar formation and physiological lung cell apoptosis were assessed by morphometry, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analyses on day 7 samples. Substitution experiments were conducted using the prototypic lipid hydroperoxide t-butylhydroperoxide. At a minimum effective dose of 15μg/g body wt, treatment with diphenyl phenyl diamine resulted in a significant increase in tissue fraction and mean linear intercept and significant reductions in small peripheral blood vessels, secondary crest formation, lung and secondary crest cell DNA synthesis, and estimated alveolar number. Decreased numbers of apoptotic type II pneumocytes and mesenchymal cells, and decreased contents of proapoptotic cleaved caspase-3 and -7 and cytoplasmic cytochrome c, and an increase in antiapoptotic Bcl-xL were found in lungs treated with diphenyl phenyl diamine. A prevention of selected changes induced by diphenyl phenyl diamine was observed with concurrent treatment with intraperitoneal t-butylhydroperoxide, at a minimally effective dose of 187μg/g body wt. We conclude that oxidative stress after birth induces lipid hydroperoxide formation, which, in turn, triggers postnatal alveologenesis and physiological lung cell apoptosis in the neonatal rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobin Jamal
- Lung Biology Programme, Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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Dang H, Yang L, Wang S, Fang F, Xu F. Calcitonin gene-related peptide ameliorates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2013; 227:129-38. [PMID: 22706400 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.227.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Therapies with prolonged exposure to high-concentration oxygen are common in the treatment of critical pulmonary and cardiac conditions in newborns. However, prolonged exposure to hyperoxia could result in lung damages and developmental disorders manifested as acute lung injury and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, respectively. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been shown to have a broad regulatory effect on the respiratory system. In this study, we explored the protective effects of CGRP on the hyperoxia-induced lung damage. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normoxia, hyperoxia, and hyperoxia with CGRP. Hyperoxia groups were exposed to 95% oxygen for 14 days and treated once every other day with saline or CGRP. Hyperoxia exposure reduced the survival rate to 73%, when compared with the 93% survival rate observed in the normoxia group. The survival rate was improved to 84% with CGRP treatment. Treatment with CGRP under hyperoxia significantly alleviated the hyperoxia-induced lung histomorphological changes and the increases in leukocyte counts and total protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid that reflect the pulmonary microvasular damages. CGRP treatment also restored the decreased activity of superoxide dismutase, while it decreased the increased level of malondialdehyde in the lung tissues. Importantly, CGRP treatment significantly decreased the magnitude of the hyperoxia-mediated increase in the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA and transforming growth factor-β 1 protein. In conclusion, the hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury is associated with both oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and CGRP may ameliorate the hyperoxia-induced lung injury by down-regulating these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Dang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, P.R. China
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41
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Popova AP. Mechanisms of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Cell Commun Signal 2013; 7:119-27. [PMID: 23334556 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-013-0190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease affecting premature infants with long term effect on lung function into adulthood. Multiple factors are involved in the development of BPD. This review will summarize the different mechanisms leading to this disease and highlight recent bench and clinical research targeted at understanding the role of the mesenchyme (both its cellular and extracellular components) in the pathogenesis of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia P Popova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Room 3570, MSRBII, Box 5688, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109-5688,
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Wagenaar GTM, Laghmani EH, de Visser YP, Sengers RMA, Steendijk P, Baelde HJ, Walther FJ. Ambrisentan reduces pulmonary arterial hypertension but does not stimulate alveolar and vascular development in neonatal rats with hyperoxic lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 304:L264-75. [PMID: 23292811 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00073.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambrisentan, an endothelin receptor type A antagonist, may be a novel therapeutic agent in neonatal chronic lung disease (CLD) by blocking the adverse effects of the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1, especially pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-induced right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). We determined the cardiopulmonary effects of ambrisentan treatment (1-20 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) in neonatal rats with CLD in 2 models: early treatment during continuous exposure to hyperoxia for 10 days and late treatment starting on day 6 in rat pups exposed postnatally to hyperoxia for 9 days, followed by a 9-day recovery period in room air. Parameters investigated included survival, lung and heart histopathology, right ventricular function, fibrin deposition, and differential mRNA expression in the lungs. In the early treatment model, we investigated the role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition with N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 25 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) during ambrisentan treatment. In the early treatment model, ambrisentan improved survival with reduced lung fibrin and collagen III deposition, arterial medial wall thickness, and RVH. These changes were not affected by L-NAME administration. Ambrisentan did not reduce the influx of macrophages and neutrophils or prevent reduced irregular elastin expression. In the late treatment model, ambrisentan diminished PAH, RVH, and right ventricular peak pressure, demonstrating that RVH is reversible in the neonatal period. Alveolarization and vascularization were not affected by ambrisentan. In conclusion, ambrisentan prolongs survival and reduces lung injury, PAH, and RVH via a NOS-independent mechanism but does not affect inflammation and alveolar and vascular development in neonatal rats with CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry T M Wagenaar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Tayman C, Cekmez F, Kafa IM, Canpolat FE, Cetinkaya M, Tonbul A, Uysal S, Tunc T, Sarici SU. Protective Effects of Nigella sativa Oil in Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hogmalm A, Bäckström E, Bry M, Lappalainen U, Lukkarinen HP, Bry K. Role of CXC chemokine receptor-2 in a murine model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:746-58. [PMID: 22865624 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0394oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of neutrophils and CXC chemokines to the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia is not well defined. The transgenic expression of IL-1β in the pulmonary epithelium causes lung inflammation and disrupts alveolar development in infant mice. To study the hypothesis that CXC chemokine receptor-2 (CXCR2) is a mediator of inflammatory lung injury, we compared lung development in IL-1β-expressing mice with wild-type (IL-1β/CXCR2(+/+)) or null (IL-1β/CXCR2(-/-)) CXCR2 loci. CXCR2 deficiency abolished the transmigration of neutrophils into the alveolar lumen in IL-1β-expressing mice, but did not alter the number of neutrophils in the parenchyma. The deletion of CXCR2 increased the alveolar chord length and reduced the survival of mice when IL-1β was expressed from the pseudoglandular to the alveolar stages. The capillary configuration was highly abnormal in both IL-1β/CXCR2(+/+) and IL-1β/CXCR2(-/-) lungs, but in very different ways. The cellular area of the parenchyma and the total capillary area of IL-1β/CXCR2(+/+) and IL-1β/CXCR2(-/-) mice were smaller than those of control/CXCR2(+/+) and control/CXCR2(-/-) mice, but the ratio of capillary area to cellular area was similar in all four genotypes. When IL-1β was expressed during the saccular stage, IL-1β/CXCR2(-/-) mice had smaller alveolar chord lengths and better survival than did IL-1β/CXCR2(+/+) mice. Independent of the timing of IL-1β expression, IL-1β increased alveolar septal thickness in mice with wild-type CXCR2 loci, but not in CXCR2 null mice. Depending on the developmental stage at the time of the inflammatory insult, inhibition of the CXCR2 pathway may exert opposite effects on alveolar septation in the neonatal lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hogmalm
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bhattacharya S, Go D, Krenitsky DL, Huyck HL, Solleti SK, Lunger VA, Metlay L, Srisuma S, Wert SE, Mariani TJ, Pryhuber GS. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling reveals connective tissue mast cell accumulation in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186:349-58. [PMID: 22723293 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201203-0406oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major complication of premature birth. Risk factors for BPD are complex and include prenatal infection and O(2) toxicity. BPD pathology is equally complex and characterized by inflammation and dysmorphic airspaces and vasculature. Due to the limited availability of clinical samples, an understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this disease and its causal mechanisms and associated biomarkers is limited. OBJECTIVES Apply genome-wide expression profiling to define pathways affected in BPD lungs. METHODS Lung tissue was obtained at autopsy from 11 BPD cases and 17 age-matched control subjects without BPD. RNA isolated from these tissue samples was interrogated using microarrays. Standard gene selection and pathway analysis methods were applied to the data set. Abnormal expression patterns were validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We identified 159 genes differentially expressed in BPD tissues. Pathway analysis indicated previously appreciated (e.g., DNA damage regulation of cell cycle) as well as novel (e.g., B-cell development) biological functions were affected. Three of the five most highly induced genes were mast cell (MC)-specific markers. We confirmed an increased accumulation of connective tissue MC(TC) (chymase expressing) mast cells in BPD tissues. Increased expression of MC(TC) markers was also demonstrated in an animal model of BPD-like pathology. CONCLUSIONS We present a unique genome-wide expression data set from human BPD lung tissue. Our data provide information on gene expression patterns associated with BPD and facilitated the discovery that MC(TC) accumulation is a prominent feature of this disease. These observations have significant clinical and mechanistic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyaroop Bhattacharya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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Audi SH, Roerig DL, Haworth ST, Clough AV. Role of glutathione in lung retention of 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime in two unique rat models of hyperoxic lung injury. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:658-65. [PMID: 22628374 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00441.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat exposure to 60% oxygen (O(2)) for 7 days (hyper-60) or to >95% O(2) for 2 days followed by 24 h in room air (hyper-95R) confers susceptibility or tolerance, respectively, of the otherwise lethal effects of subsequent exposure to 100% O(2). The objective of this study was to determine if lung retention of the radiopharmaceutical agent technetium-labeled-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) is differentially altered in hyper-60 and hyper-95R rats. Tissue retention of HMPAO is dependent on intracellular content of the antioxidant GSH and mitochondrial function. HMPAO was injected intravenously in anesthetized rats, and planar images were acquired. We investigated the role of GSH in the lung retention of HMPAO by pretreating rats with the GSH-depleting agent diethyl maleate (DEM) prior to imaging. We also measured GSH content and activities of mitochondrial complexes I and IV in lung homogenate. The lung retention of HMPAO increased by ≈ 50% and ≈ 250% in hyper-60 and hyper-95R rats, respectively, compared with retention in rats exposed to room air (normoxic). DEM decreased retention in normoxic (≈ 26%) and hyper-95R (≈ 56%) rats compared with retention in the absence of DEM. GSH content increased by 19% and 40% in hyper-60 and hyper-95R lung homogenate compared with normoxic lung homogenate. Complex I activity decreased by ≈ 50% in hyper-60 and hyper-95R lung homogenate compared with activity in normoxic lung homogenate. However, complex IV activity was increased by 32% in hyper-95R lung homogenate only. Furthermore, we identified correlations between the GSH content in lung homogenate and the DEM-sensitive fraction of HMPAO retention and between the complex IV/complex I activity ratio and the DEM-insensitive fraction of HMPAO retention. These results suggest that an increase in the GSH-dependent component of the lung retention of HMPAO may be a marker of tolerance to sustained exposure to hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said H Audi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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Tayman C, Cekmez F, Kafa IM, Canpolat FE, Cetinkaya M, Tonbul A, Uysal S, Tunc T, Sarici SU. Protective Effects of Nigella sativa Oil in Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury. Arch Bronconeumol 2012; 49:15-21. [PMID: 22592006 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxygen-induced lung injury is believed to lead to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants. We have evaluated the beneficial effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on rats with hyperoxia-induced lung injury. METHODS Thirty newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups as hyperoxia (95% O(2)), hyperoxia+NSO and control (21% O(2)). Pups in the hyperoxia+NSO group were administered intraperitoneal NSO at a dose of 4ml/kg daily during the study period. Histopathologic, immunochemical, and biochemical evaluations (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px], malonaldehyde [MDA] and myeloperoxidase [MPO]) were performed. RESULTS In the histopathologic and immunochemical evaluation, severity of lung damage was significantly lower in the hyperoxia+NOS group (P<.05). Tissue GSH-Px and SOD levels were significantly preserved, and MDA, MPO levels were significantly lower in the hyperoxia+NSO group (P<.05). CONCLUSION NSO significantly reduced the severity of lung damage due to hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuneyt Tayman
- Department of Neonatology, GATA Military School of Medicine, Ankara, Turquía.
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You K, Xu X, Fu J, Xu S, Yue X, Yu Z, Xue X. Hyperoxia disrupts pulmonary epithelial barrier in newborn rats via the deterioration of occludin and ZO-1. Respir Res 2012; 13:36. [PMID: 22559818 PMCID: PMC3424121 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged exposure to hyperoxia in neonates can cause hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI), which is characterized by increased pulmonary permeability and diffuse infiltration of various inflammatory cells. Disruption of the epithelial barrier may lead to altered pulmonary permeability and maintenance of barrier properties requires intact epithelial tight junctions (TJs). However, in neonatal animals, relatively little is known about how the TJ proteins are expressed in the pulmonary epithelium, including whether expression of TJ proteins is regulated in response to hyperoxia exposure. This study determines whether changes in tight junctions play an important role in disruption of the pulmonary epithelial barrier during hyperoxic acute lung injury. Methods Newborn rats, randomly divided into two groups, were exposed to hyperoxia (95% oxygen) or normoxia for 1–7 days, and the severity of lung injury was assessed; location and expression of key tight junction protein occludin and ZO-1 were examined by immunofluorescence staining and immunobloting; messenger RNA in lung tissue was studied by RT-PCR; transmission electron microscopy study was performed for the detection of tight junction morphology. Results We found that different durations of hyperoxia exposure caused different degrees of lung injury in newborn rats. Treatment with hyperoxia for prolonged duration contributed to more serious lung injury, which was characterized by increased wet-to-dry ratio, extravascular lung water content, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF):serum FD4 ratio. Transmission electron microscopy study demonstrated that hyperoxia destroyed the structure of tight junctions and prolonged hyperoxia exposure, enhancing the structure destruction. The results were compatible with pathohistologic findings. We found that hyperoxia markedly disrupted the membrane localization and downregulated the cytoplasm expression of the key tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 in the alveolar epithelium by immunofluorescence. The changes of messenger RNA and protein expression of occludin and ZO-1 in lung tissue detected by RT-PCR and immunoblotting were consistent with the degree of lung injury. Conclusions These data suggest that the disruption of the pulmonary epithelial barrier induced by hyperoxia is, at least in part, due to massive deterioration in the expression and localization of key TJ proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai You
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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L-citrulline Prevents Alveolar and Vascular Derangement in a Rat Model of Moderate Hyperoxia-induced Lung Injury. Lung 2012; 190:419-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-012-9382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Auten RL, Gilmour MI, Krantz QT, Potts EN, Mason SN, Foster WM. Maternal diesel inhalation increases airway hyperreactivity in ozone-exposed offspring. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 46:454-60. [PMID: 22052876 PMCID: PMC3359947 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0256oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollutant exposure is linked with childhood asthma incidence and exacerbations, and maternal exposure to airborne pollutants during pregnancy increases airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in offspring. To determine if exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) during pregnancy worsened postnatal ozone-induced AHR, timed pregnant C57BL/6 mice were exposed to DE (0.5 or 2.0 mg/m(3)) 4 hours daily from Gestation Day 9-17, or received twice-weekly oropharyngeal aspirations of the collected DE particles (DEPs). Placentas and fetal lungs were harvested on Gestation Day 18 for cytokine analysis. In other litters, pups born to dams exposed to air or DE, or to dams treated with aspirated diesel particles, were exposed to filtered air or 1 ppm ozone beginning the day after birth, for 3 hours per day, 3 days per week for 4 weeks. Additional pups were monitored after a 4-week recovery period. Diesel inhalation or aspiration during pregnancy increased levels of placental and fetal lung cytokines. There were no significant effects on airway leukocytes, but prenatal diesel augmented ozone-induced elevations of bronchoalveolar lavage cytokines at 4 weeks. Mice born to the high-concentration diesel-exposed dams had worse ozone-induced AHR, which persisted in the 4-week recovery animals. Prenatal diesel exposure combined with postnatal ozone exposure also worsened secondary alveolar crest development. We conclude that maternal inhalation of DE in pregnancy provokes a fetal inflammatory response that, combined with postnatal ozone exposure, impairs alveolar development, and causes a more severe and long-lasting AHR to ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Auten
- Departments of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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