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Shen S, Wang P, Wu P, Huang P, Chi T, Xu W, Xi Y. CasRx-based Wnt activation promotes alveolar regeneration while ameliorating pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model of lung injury. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00593-8. [PMID: 39245939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is an attractive target for regenerative medicine. A powerful driver of stem cell activity and hence tissue regeneration, Wnt signaling can promote fibroblast proliferation and activation, leading to fibrosis, while prolonged Wnt signaling is potentially carcinogenic. Thus, to harness its therapeutic potential, the activation of Wnt signaling must be transient, reversible, and tissue specific. In the lung, Wnt signaling is essential for alveolar stem cell activity and alveolar regeneration, which is impaired in lung fibrosis. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in lung epithelium may have anti-fibrotic effects. Here, we used intratracheal adeno-associated virus 6 injection to selectively deliver CasRx into the lung epithelium, where it reversibly activates Wnt signaling by simultaneously degrading mRNAs encoding Axin1 and Axin2, negative regulators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Interestingly, CasRx-mediated Wnt activation specifically in lung epithelium not only promotes alveolar type II cell proliferation and alveolar regeneration but also inhibits lung fibrosis resulted from bleomycin-induced injury, relevant in both preventive and therapeutic settings. Our study offers an attractive strategy for treating pulmonary fibrosis, with general implications for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxi Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Pei Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Pengyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Engineering Research Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Technology and Device (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Tian Chi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Wenqing Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ying Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Deng L, Ouyang B, Tang W, Wang N, Yang F, Shi H, Zhang Z, Yu H, Chen M, Wei Y, Dong J. Icariside II modulates pulmonary fibrosis via PI3K/Akt/β-catenin pathway inhibition of M2 macrophage program. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155687. [PMID: 38759312 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a debilitating interstitial lung disorder characterized by its limited therapeutic interventions. Macrophages, particularly the alternatively activated macrophages (M2 subtype), have been acknowledged for their substantial involvement in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Hence, targeting macrophages emerges as a plausible therapeutic avenue for IPF. Icariside II (ISE II) is a natural flavonoid glycoside molecule known for its excellent anti-tumor and anti-fibrotic activities. Nevertheless, the impact of ISE II on pulmonary fibrosis and the intricate mechanisms through which it operates have yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE To scrutinize the impact of ISE II on the regulation of M2 macrophage polarization and its inhibitory effect on pulmonary fibrosis, as well as to delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms of its actions. METHODS The effect of ISE II on proliferation and apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells was assessed through the use of EdU-488 labeling and the Annexin V/PI assay. Flow cytometry, western blot, and qPCR were employed to detect markers associated with the M2 polarization phenotype. The anti-fibrotic effects of ISE II in NIH-3T3 cells were investigated in a co-culture with M2 macrophages. Si-Ctnnb1 and pcDNA3.1(+)-Ctnnb1 plasmid were used to investigate the mechanism of targeted intervention. The murine model of pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intratracheal administration of bleomycin (BLM). Pulmonary function, histopathological manifestations, lung M2 macrophage infiltration, and markers associated with pulmonary fibrosis were evaluated. Furthermore, in vivo transcriptomics analysis was employed to elucidate differentially regulated genes in lung tissues. Immunofluorescence, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were conducted for corresponding validation. RESULTS Our investigation demonstrated that ISE II effectively inhibited the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells and mitigated the pro-fibrotic characteristics of M2 macrophages, exemplified by the downregulation of CD206, Arg-1, and YM-1, Fizz1, through the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This impact led to the amelioration of myofibroblast activation and the suppression of nuclear translocation of β-catenin of NIH-3T3 cells in a co-culture. Consequently, it resulted in decreased collagen deposition, reduced infiltration of profibrotic macrophages, and a concurrent restoration of pulmonary function in mice IPF models. Furthermore, our RNA sequencing results showed that ISE II could suppress the expression of genes related to M2 polarization, primarily by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt and β-catenin signaling pathway. In essence, our findings suggest that ISE II holds potential as an anti-fibrotic agent by orchestrating macrophage polarization. This may have significant implications in clinical practice. CONCLUSION This study has provided evidence that ISE II exerts a significant anti-fibrotic effect by inhibiting macrophage M2 polarization through the suppression of the PI3K/Akt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings underscore the potential of ISE II as a promising candidate for the development of anti-fibrotic pharmaceuticals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Deng
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boshu Ouyang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyong Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanlin Shi
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Inokuchi S, Shimamoto K. Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a potential target for Parkinson's disease: a cohort study of romosozumab using routinely collected health data in Japan. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1411285. [PMID: 39104397 PMCID: PMC11298754 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1411285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Romosozumab is a monoclonal antibody approved for osteoporosis which targets sclerostin, an endogenous inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Given the essential roles of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in various tissues, we hypothesized romosozumab treatment may influence other conditions. Methods This cohort study included patients prescribed romosozumab or parathyroid receptor (PTHR) agonists after 1 January 2019, using a Japanese electronic medical record database. The outcomes of interest included autoimmune disease, interstitial pneumonia, cardiovascular outcome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease (PD), serious infections, and malignancies. A stabilized inverse probability-weighted Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios. Age- and gender-based subgroup analyses were conducted. Exploratory outcomes based on three-digit International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision-based were also examined. Results In total, 2,673 patients treated with romosozumab and 5,980 treated with PTHR agonists were identified, respectively. While most outcomes of interest showed no association with romosozumab, the risk of PD decreased with romosozumab (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.37 [0.14-0.94]) compared with PTHR agonist. Regarding the cardiovascular outcome, no notable association was identified overall; however, gender-based subgroup analysis suggested that male sex may be a potential risk factor with romosozumab treatment. Only 16 of 903 exploratory outcomes were potentially influenced by romosozumab. Conclusion Romosozumab lowered the risk of PD development compared with PTHR agonist. The study also highlights the utility of routinely collected health data for drug repositioning. While further validation is warranted, the findings suggest that the Wnt-β-catenin pathway holds promise as a therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Inokuchi
- Research and Analytics Department, Real World Data Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
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Post Y, Lu C, Fletcher RB, Yeh WC, Nguyen H, Lee SJ, Li Y. Design principles and therapeutic applications of novel synthetic WNT signaling agonists. iScience 2024; 27:109938. [PMID: 38832011 PMCID: PMC11145361 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Wingless-related integration site or Wingless and Int-1 or Wingless-Int (WNT) signaling is crucial for embryonic development, and adult tissue homeostasis and regeneration, through its essential roles in cell fate, patterning, and stem cell regulation. The biophysical characteristics of WNT ligands have hindered efforts to interrogate ligand activity in vivo and prevented their development as therapeutics. Recent breakthroughs have enabled the generation of synthetic WNT signaling molecules that possess characteristics of natural ligands and potently activate the pathway, while also providing distinct advantages for therapeutic development and manufacturing. This review provides a detailed discussion of the protein engineering of these molecular platforms for WNT signaling agonism. We discuss the importance of WNT signaling in several organs and share insights from the initial application of these new classes of molecules in vitro and in vivo. These molecules offer a unique opportunity to enhance our understanding of how WNT signaling agonism promotes tissue repair, enabling targeted development of tailored therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorick Post
- Surrozen, Inc., 171 Oyster Point Blvd, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Chenggang Lu
- Surrozen, Inc., 171 Oyster Point Blvd, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Russell B. Fletcher
- Surrozen, Inc., 171 Oyster Point Blvd, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wen-Chen Yeh
- Surrozen, Inc., 171 Oyster Point Blvd, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Huy Nguyen
- Surrozen, Inc., 171 Oyster Point Blvd, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sung-Jin Lee
- Surrozen, Inc., 171 Oyster Point Blvd, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Surrozen, Inc., 171 Oyster Point Blvd, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Yu M, Qin K, Fan J, Zhao G, Zhao P, Zeng W, Chen C, Wang A, Wang Y, Zhong J, Zhu Y, Wagstaff W, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Ho S, Lee MJ, Strelzow J, Reid RR, He TC. The evolving roles of Wnt signaling in stem cell proliferation and differentiation, the development of human diseases, and therapeutic opportunities. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101026. [PMID: 38292186 PMCID: PMC10825312 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Wnt signaling pathway plays a central role in development and adult tissue homeostasis across species. Wnt proteins are secreted, lipid-modified signaling molecules that activate the canonical (β-catenin dependent) and non-canonical (β-catenin independent) Wnt signaling pathways. Cellular behaviors such as proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and proper body-axis specification are carried out by the canonical pathway, which is the best characterized of the known Wnt signaling paths. Wnt signaling has emerged as an important factor in stem cell biology and is known to affect the self-renewal of stem cells in various tissues. This includes but is not limited to embryonic, hematopoietic, mesenchymal, gut, neural, and epidermal stem cells. Wnt signaling has also been implicated in tumor cells that exhibit stem cell-like properties. Wnt signaling is crucial for bone formation and presents a potential target for the development of therapeutics for bone disorders. Not surprisingly, aberrant Wnt signaling is also associated with a wide variety of diseases, including cancer. Mutations of Wnt pathway members in cancer can lead to unchecked cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. Altogether, advances in the understanding of dysregulated Wnt signaling in disease have paved the way for the development of novel therapeutics that target components of the Wnt pathway. Beginning with a brief overview of the mechanisms of canonical and non-canonical Wnt, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge of Wnt signaling in stem cells, aberrations to the Wnt pathway associated with diseases, and novel therapeutics targeting the Wnt pathway in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yu
- School of Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kevin Qin
- School of Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiaming Fan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guozhi Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Piao Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Neurology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523475, China
| | - Connie Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Annie Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Jiamin Zhong
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - William Wagstaff
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sherwin Ho
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J. Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jason Strelzow
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Suture Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Suture Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Xu H, Pan G, Wang J. Repairing Mechanisms for Distal Airway Injuries and Related Targeted Therapeutics for Chronic Lung Diseases. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231196489. [PMID: 37698245 PMCID: PMC10498699 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231196489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), involve progressive and irreversible destruction and pathogenic remodeling of airways and have become the leading health care burden worldwide. Pulmonary tissue has extensive capacities to launch injury-responsive repairing programs (IRRPs) to replace the damaged or dead cells upon acute lung injuries. However, the IRRPs are frequently compromised in chronic lung diseases. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of somatic stem cell subpopulations within distal airway epithelium and the underlying mechanisms mediating their self-renewal and trans-differentiation under both physiological and pathological circumstances. We also compared the differences between humans and mice on distal airway structure and stem cell composition. At last, we reviewed the current status and future directions for the development of targeted therapeutics on defective distal airway regeneration and repairment in chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Pan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Impaired energy metabolism and altered functional activity of alveolar type II epithelial cells following exposure of rats to nitrogen mustard. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 456:116257. [PMID: 36174670 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen mustard (NM) is a cytotoxic vesicant known to cause acute lung injury which progresses to fibrosis. Alveolar Type II cells are primarily responsible for surfactant production; they also play a key role in lung repair following injury. Herein, we assessed the effects of NM on Type II cell activity. Male Wistar rats were administered NM (0.125 mg/kg) or PBS control intratracheally. Type II cells, lung tissue and BAL were collected 3 d later. NM exposure resulted in double strand DNA breaks in Type II cells, as assessed by expression of γH2AX; this was associated with decreased expression of the DNA repair protein, PARP1. Expression of HO-1 was upregulated and nitrotyrosine residues were noted in Type II cells after NM exposure indicating oxidative stress. NM also caused alterations in Type II cell energy metabolism; thus, both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation were reduced; there was also a shift from a reliance on oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis for ATP production. This was associated with increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins activated caspase-3 and -9, and decreases in survival proteins, β-catenin, Nur77, HMGB1 and SOCS2. Intracellular signaling molecules important in Type II cell activity including PI3K, Akt2, phospho-p38 MAPK and phospho-ERK were reduced after NM exposure. This was correlated with dysregulation of surfactant protein production and impaired pulmonary functioning. These data demonstrate that Type II cells are targets of NM-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress. Impaired functioning of these cells may contribute to pulmonary toxicity caused by mustards.
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Martin TR, Zemans RL, Ware LB, Schmidt EP, Riches DWH, Bastarache L, Calfee CS, Desai TJ, Herold S, Hough CL, Looney MR, Matthay MA, Meyer N, Parikh SM, Stevens T, Thompson BT. New Insights into Clinical and Mechanistic Heterogeneity of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Summary of the Aspen Lung Conference 2021. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:284-308. [PMID: 35679511 PMCID: PMC9447141 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0089ws] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and molecular heterogeneity are common features of human disease. Understanding the basis for heterogeneity has led to major advances in therapy for many cancers and pulmonary diseases such as cystic fibrosis and asthma. Although heterogeneity of risk factors, disease severity, and outcomes in survivors are common features of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), many challenges exist in understanding the clinical and molecular basis for disease heterogeneity and using heterogeneity to tailor therapy for individual patients. This report summarizes the proceedings of the 2021 Aspen Lung Conference, which was organized to review key issues related to understanding clinical and molecular heterogeneity in ARDS. The goals were to review new information about ARDS phenotypes, to explore multicellular and multisystem mechanisms responsible for heterogeneity, and to review how best to account for clinical and molecular heterogeneity in clinical trial design and assessment of outcomes. The report concludes with recommendations for future research to understand the clinical and basic mechanisms underlying heterogeneity in ARDS to advance the development of new treatments for this life-threatening critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Martin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rachel L. Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lorraine B. Ware
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eric P. Schmidt
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David W. H. Riches
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Lisa Bastarache
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Carolyn S. Calfee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Anesthesia
| | - Tushar J. Desai
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Stem Cell Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine VI and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
| | - Catherine L. Hough
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Michael A. Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Nuala Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samir M. Parikh
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; and
| | - B. Taylor Thompson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Dehmel S, Weiss KJ, El-Merhie N, Callegari J, Konrad B, Mutze K, Eickelberg O, Königshoff M, Krauss-Etschmann S. microRNA Expression Profile of Purified Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1420. [PMID: 36011331 PMCID: PMC9407429 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type II (ATII) cells are essential for the maintenance of the alveolar homeostasis. However, knowledge of the expression of the miRNAs and miRNA-regulated networks which control homeostasis and coordinate diverse functions of murine ATII cells is limited. Therefore, we asked how miRNAs expressed in ATII cells might contribute to the regulation of signaling pathways. We purified "untouched by antibodies" ATII cells using a flow cytometric sorting method with a highly autofluorescent population of lung cells. TaqMan® miRNA low-density arrays were performed on sorted cells and intersected with miRNA profiles of ATII cells isolated according to a previously published protocol. Of 293 miRNAs expressed in both ATII preparations, 111 showed equal abundances. The target mRNAs of bona fide ATII miRNAs were used for pathway enrichment analysis. This analysis identified nine signaling pathways with known functions in fibrosis and/or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In particular, a subset of 19 miRNAs was found to target 21 components of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Three of these miRNAs (miR-16-5p, -17-5p and -30c-5p) were down-modulated by TGF-β1 stimulation in human A549 cells, and concomitant up-regulation of associated mRNA targets (BMPR2, JUN, RUNX2) was observed. These results suggest an important role for miRNAs in maintaining the homeostasis of the TGF-β signaling pathway in ATII cells under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dehmel
- Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital Munich, Asklepios Clinic Gauting and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department Strategy, Programs, Resources, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina J. Weiss
- Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital Munich, Asklepios Clinic Gauting and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Natalia El-Merhie
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Airway Research Center North (ARCN), 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Jens Callegari
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Lung Repair and Regeneration, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bergisch Gladbach, Ferrenbergstraße, 51465 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Birte Konrad
- Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital Munich, Asklepios Clinic Gauting and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Mutze
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Lung Repair and Regeneration, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Lung Repair and Regeneration, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Airway Research Center North (ARCN), 23845 Borstel, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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10
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Qiao X, Hou G, He YL, Song DF, An Y, Altawil A, Zhou XM, Wang QY, Kang J, Yin Y. The Novel Regulatory Role of the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA Axis in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:927549. [PMID: 35769905 PMCID: PMC9234692 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.927549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory airway diseases, characterized by airway inflammation and airway remodelling, are increasing as a cause of morbidity and mortality for all age groups and races across the world. The underlying molecular mechanisms involved in chronic inflammatory airway diseases have not been fully explored. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently attracted much attention for their roles in the regulation of a variety of biological processes. A number of studies have confirmed that both lncRNAs and miRNAs can regulate the initiation and progression of chronic airway diseases by targeting mRNAs and regulating different cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recently, accumulative evidence has shown that the novel regulatory mechanism underlying the interaction among lncRNAs, miRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) plays a critical role in the pathophysiological processes of chronic inflammatory airway diseases. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the regulatory roles of the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA network in different cell types and their potential roles as biomarkers, indicators of comorbidities or therapeutic targets for chronic inflammatory airway diseases, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Hou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Lin He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong-Fang Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi An
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Abdullah Altawil
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhou
- Respiratory Department, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Ming Zhou, ; Yan Yin,
| | - Qiu-Yue Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Ming Zhou, ; Yan Yin,
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11
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Liao CC, Chiu CJ, Yang YH, Chiang BL. Neonatal lung-derived SSEA-1 + cells exhibited distinct stem/progenitor characteristics and organoid developmental potential. iScience 2022; 25:104262. [PMID: 35521516 PMCID: PMC9062680 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells, because of their self-renewal and multiple cell type differentiation abilities, have good potential in regenerative medicine. We previously reported a lung epithelial cell population that expressed the stem cell marker SSEA-1 was abundant in neonatal but scarce in adult mice. In the current study, neonatal and adult mouse-derived pulmonary SSEA-1+ cells were isolated for further characterization. The results showed that neonatal-derived pulmonary SSEA-1+ cells highly expressed lung development-associated genes and had enhanced organoid generation ability compared with the adult cells. Neonatal pulmonary SSEA-1+ cells generated airway-like and alveolar-like organoids, suggesting multilineage cell differentiation ability. Organoid generation of neonatal but not adult pulmonary SSEA-1+ cells was enhanced by fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF 7). Furthermore, neonatal pulmonary SSEA-1+ cells colonized and developed in decellularized and injured lungs. These results suggest the potential of lung-derived neonatal-stage SSEA-1+ cells with enhanced stem/progenitor activity and shed light on future lung engineering applications. Pulmonary SSEA-1+ cells are abundant in neonatal and scarce in adult stages The stem/progenitor activity of pulmonary SSEA-1+ cells is enhanced in neonatal stage Neonatal pulmonary SSEA-1+ cells developed into airway- and alveolar-like organoids FGF7 regulates alveolar epithelium development of neonatal pulmonary SSEA-1+ cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chia Liao
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Juno Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Fernandez RJ, Gardner ZJG, Slovik KJ, Liberti DC, Estep KN, Yang W, Chen Q, Santini GT, Perez JV, Root S, Bhatia R, Tobias JW, Babu A, Morley MP, Frank DB, Morrisey EE, Lengner CJ, Johnson FB. GSK3 inhibition rescues growth and telomere dysfunction in dyskeratosis congenita iPSC-derived type II alveolar epithelial cells. eLife 2022; 11:64430. [PMID: 35559731 PMCID: PMC9200405 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by deficiencies in telomere maintenance leading to very short telomeres and the premature onset of certain age-related diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis (PF). PF is thought to derive from epithelial failure, particularly that of type II alveolar epithelial (AT2) cells, which are highly dependent on Wnt signaling during development and adult regeneration. We use human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived AT2 (iAT2) cells to model how short telomeres affect AT2 cells. Cultured DC mutant iAT2 cells accumulate shortened, uncapped telomeres and manifest defects in the growth of alveolospheres, hallmarks of senescence, and apparent defects in Wnt signaling. The GSK3 inhibitor, CHIR99021, which mimics the output of canonical Wnt signaling, enhances telomerase activity and rescues the defects. These findings support further investigation of Wnt agonists as potential therapies for DC-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Jesus Fernandez
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Zachary J G Gardner
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Katherine J Slovik
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Derek C Liberti
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Katrina N Estep
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Wenli Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Qijun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Garrett T Santini
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Javier V Perez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Sarah Root
- College of Arts and Sciences and Vagelos Scholars Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Ranvir Bhatia
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - John W Tobias
- Penn Genomic Analysis Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Apoorva Babu
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Michael P Morley
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - David B Frank
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Christopher J Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - F Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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13
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Raslan AA, Oh YJ, Jin YR, Yoon JK. R-Spondin2, a Positive Canonical WNT Signaling Regulator, Controls the Expansion and Differentiation of Distal Lung Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063089. [PMID: 35328508 PMCID: PMC8954098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The lungs have a remarkable ability to regenerate damaged tissues caused by acute injury. Many lung diseases, especially chronic lung diseases, are associated with a reduced or disrupted regeneration potential of the lungs. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of the regenerative capacity of the lungs offers the potential to identify novel therapeutic targets for these diseases. R-spondin2, a co-activator of WNT/β-catenin signaling, plays an important role in embryonic murine lung development. However, the role of Rspo2 in adult lung homeostasis and regeneration remains unknown. The aim of this study is to determine Rspo2 function in distal lung stem/progenitor cells and adult lung regeneration. In this study, we found that robust Rspo2 expression was detected in different epithelial cells, including airway club cells and alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells in the adult lungs. However, Rspo2 expression significantly decreased during the first week after naphthalene-induced airway injury and was restored by day 14 post-injury. In ex vivo 3D organoid culture, recombinant RSPO2 promoted the colony formation and differentiation of both club and AT2 cells through the activation of canonical WNT signaling. In contrast, Rspo2 ablation in club and AT2 cells significantly disrupted their expansion capacity in the ex vivo 3D organoid culture. Furthermore, mice lacking Rspo2 showed significant defects in airway regeneration after naphthalene-induced injury. Our results strongly suggest that RSPO2 plays a key role in the adult lung epithelial stem/progenitor cells during homeostasis and regeneration, and therefore, it may be a potential therapeutic target for chronic lung diseases with reduced regenerative capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Raslan
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Youn Jeong Oh
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Yong Ri Jin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;
| | - Jeong Kyo Yoon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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14
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Mitsuboshi S, Homma J, Sekine H, Takagi R, Shimizu T, Kanzaki M. A novel alveolar epithelial cell sheet fabricated under feeder-free conditions for potential use in pulmonary regenerative therapy. Regen Ther 2022; 19:113-121. [PMID: 35582208 PMCID: PMC9073894 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methods Results Conclusions Alveolar epithelial cells were cultured and expanded under feeder-free conditions. Alveolar epithelial cell sheets were generated using temperature-responsive dishes. Alveolar epithelial cell sheets engrafted after transplantation onto rat lung. The sheets retained alveolar epithelial cell characteristics after transplantation. These cell sheets potentially could be used for pulmonary regenerative therapy.
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15
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Targeting Interleukin-10 Restores Graft Microvascular Supply and Airway Epithelium in Rejecting Allografts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031269. [PMID: 35163192 PMCID: PMC8836023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a vital regulatory cytokine, which plays a constructive role in maintaining immune tolerance during an alloimmune inflammation. Our previous study highlighted that IL-10 mediated immunosuppression established the immune tolerance phase and thereby modulated both microvascular and epithelial integrity, which affected inflammation-associated graft malfunctioning and sub-epithelial fibrosis in rejecting allografts. Here, we further investigated the reparative effects of IL-10 on microvasculature and epithelium in a mouse model of airway transplantation. To investigate the IL-10 mediated microvascular and epithelial repair, we depleted and reconstituted IL-10, and monitored graft microvasculature, airway epithelium, and associated repair proteins. Our data demonstrated that both untreated control allografts and IL-10 (−) allografts showed a significant early (d6) increase in microvascular leakiness, drop-in tissue oxygenation, blood perfusion, and denuded airway epithelium, which is associated with loss of adhesion protein Fascin-1 and β-catenin on vascular endothelial cells at d10 post-transplantation. However, IL-10 (+) promotes early microvascular and airway epithelial repair, and a proportional increase in endothelial Fascin-1, and β-catenin at d10 post-transplantation. Moreover, airway epithelial cells also express a significantly higher expression of FOXJ1 and β-catenin in syngrafts and IL-10 (+) allografts as compared to IL-10 (−) and untreated controls at d10 post-transplantation. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that IL-10 mediated microvascular and epithelial changes are associated with the expression of FOXJ1, β-catenin, and Fascin-1 proteins on the airway epithelial and vascular endothelial cells, respectively. These findings establish a potential reparative modulation of IL-10 associated microvascular and epithelial repair, which could provide a vital therapeutic strategy to facilitate graft repair in clinical settings.
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16
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Fang Y, Shao H, Wu Q, Wong NC, Tsong N, Sime PJ, Que J. Epithelial Wntless regulates postnatal alveologenesis. Development 2022; 149:273807. [PMID: 34931663 PMCID: PMC8881739 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alveologenesis requires the coordinated modulation of the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments to generate mature alveolar saccules for efficient gas exchange. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during alveologenesis are poorly understood. Here, we report that Wnts produced by epithelial cells are crucial for neonatal alveologenesis. Deletion of the Wnt chaperone protein Wntless homolog (Wls) disrupts alveolar formation, resulting in enlarged saccules in Sftpc-Cre/Nkx2.1-Cre; Wlsloxp/loxp mutants. Although commitment of the alveolar epithelium is unaffected, α-SMA+ mesenchymal cells persist in the alveoli, accompanied by increased collagen deposition, and mutants exhibit exacerbated fibrosis following bleomycin challenge. Notably, α-SMA+ cells include a significant number of endothelial cells resembling endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), which is also present in Ager-CreER; Wlsloxp/loxp mutants following early postnatal Wls deletion. These findings provide initial evidence that epithelial-derived Wnts are crucial for the differentiation of the surrounding mesenchyme during early postnatal alveologenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshan Fang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Neng Chun Wong
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Natalie Tsong
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Patricia J. Sime
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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17
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Soni DK, Biswas R. Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Lung Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:767348. [PMID: 34819948 PMCID: PMC8606426 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.767348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), notably microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have recently gained increasing consideration because of their versatile role as key regulators of gene expression. They adopt diverse mechanisms to regulate transcription and translation, and thereby, the function of the protein, which is associated with several major biological processes. For example, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolic pathways demand fine-tuning for the precise development of a specific tissue or organ. The deregulation of ncRNA expression is concomitant with multiple diseases, including lung diseases. This review highlights recent advances in the post-transcriptional regulation of miRNAs and lncRNAs in lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Further, we also discuss the emerging role of ncRNAs as biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for lung diseases. However, more investigations are required to explore miRNAs and lncRNAs interaction, and their function in the regulation of mRNA expression. Understanding these mechanisms might lead to early diagnosis and the development of novel therapeutics for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Soni
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Roopa Biswas
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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18
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Liu T, Gonzalez De Los Santos F, Hirsch M, Wu Z, Phan SH. Noncanonical Wnt Signaling Promotes Myofibroblast Differentiation in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:489-499. [PMID: 34107237 PMCID: PMC8641847 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0499oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway initiates a signaling cascade that is critical in cell differentiation and the normal development of multiple organ systems. The reactivation of this pathway has been documented in experimental and human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, wherein Wnt/β-catenin activation has been implicated in epithelial-cell repair. Furthermore, the canonical ligand Wnt3a is known to induce myofibroblast differentiation; however, the role of noncanonical Wnt ligands remains unclear. This study showed significantly higher levels of Wnt11 expression in cells from both patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and bleomycin-treated mice, as well as in TGFβ-treated mouse lung fibroblasts. Moreover, Wnt11 induced myofibroblast differentiation as manifested by increased α-SMA (ACTA2) expression, which was similar to that induced by canonical Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling. Further investigation revealed that Wnt11 induction of α-SMA was associated with the activation of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase)/c-Jun signaling and was inhibited by a JNK inhibitor. The potential importance of this signaling pathway was supported by in vivo evidence showing significantly increased levels of Wnt11 and activated JNK in the lungs of mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Interestingly, fibroblasts did not express canonical Wnt3a, but treatment of these cells with exogenous Wnt3a induced endogenous Wnt11 and Wnt5a, resulting in repression of the Wnt3a/β-catenin target gene Axin2. These findings suggested that the noncanonical Wnt induction of myofibroblast differentiation mediated by the JNK/c-Jun pathway might play a significant role in pulmonary fibrosis, in addition to or in synergy with canonical Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling. Moreover, Wnt3a activation of noncanonical Wnt signaling might trigger a switch from canonical to noncanonical Wnt signaling to induce myofibroblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mitchell Hirsch
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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19
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Liu J, Peng D, You J, Zhou O, Qiu H, Hao C, Chen H, Fu Z, Zou L. Type 2 Alveolar Epithelial Cells Differentiated from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Mouse Pulmonary Fibrosis Through β-Catenin-Regulated Cell Apoptosis. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:660-670. [PMID: 33899513 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive, and lethal disease with little response to available therapies. One of the major mechanisms of PF is the repeated injury and inadequate regeneration of the alveolar epithelium. In this study, we induced human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) to differentiate into type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s), and we provided evidence that intratracheal transplantation of hUC-MSC-derived AEC2s (MSC-AEC2s) could improve mortality and alleviate fibrosis in bleomycin-induced PF mice. Transplantation of MSC-AEC2s could increase the AEC2 cell count in these mice, and the results of the cell tracing experiment exhibited that the increased AEC2s originated from the self-renewal of mouse alveolar epithelium. The AEC2 survival was controlled by the apoptosis of AEC2s via the expression of β-catenin in PF mice. In in vitro experiments, MSC-AEC2s could alleviate the apoptosis of MLE-12 cells induced by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), which could be eliminated by using PRI-724, a β-catenin inhibitor, suggesting β-catenin signaling involved in the protection against apoptosis provided by MSC-AEC2s. Our study demonstrated that MSC-AEC2s could protect PF mice through regulating apoptosis mediated by β-catenin, which provided a viable strategy for the treatment of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danyi Peng
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyi You
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ou Zhou
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huijun Qiu
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Hao
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pediatric, the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Aros CJ, Pantoja CJ, Gomperts BN. Wnt signaling in lung development, regeneration, and disease progression. Commun Biol 2021; 4:601. [PMID: 34017045 PMCID: PMC8138018 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract is a vital, intricate system for several important biological processes including mucociliary clearance, airway conductance, and gas exchange. The Wnt signaling pathway plays several crucial and indispensable roles across lung biology in multiple contexts. This review highlights the progress made in characterizing the role of Wnt signaling across several disciplines in lung biology, including development, homeostasis, regeneration following injury, in vitro directed differentiation efforts, and disease progression. We further note uncharted directions in the field that may illuminate important biology. The discoveries made collectively advance our understanding of Wnt signaling in lung biology and have the potential to inform therapeutic advancements for lung diseases. Cody Aros, Carla Pantoja, and Brigitte Gomperts review the key role of Wnt signaling in all aspects of lung development, repair, and disease progression. They provide an overview of recent research findings and highlight where research is needed to further elucidate mechanisms of action, with the aim of improving disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Aros
- UCLA Department of Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carla J Pantoja
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brigitte N Gomperts
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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21
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Cao J, Zhong L, Feng Y, Qian K, Xiao Y, Wang G, Tu W, Yue L, Zhang Q, Yang H, Jiao Y, Zhu W, Cao J. Activated Beta-Catenin Signaling Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Skin Injury by Suppressing Marvel D3 Expression. Radiat Res 2021; 195:173-190. [PMID: 33045079 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00050.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced skin injury remains a serious concern for cancer radiotherapy, radiation accidents and occupational exposure, and the damage mainly occurs due to apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. There is currently no effective treatment for this disorder. The β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in the repair and regeneration of injured tissues. However, the role of the β-catenin signaling pathway in radiation-induced skin injury has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrated that the β-catenin signaling pathway was activated in response to radiation and that its activation by Wnt3a, a ligand-protein involved in the β-catenin signaling pathway, inhibited apoptosis and the production of ROS in irradiated human keratinocyte HaCaT cells and skin fibroblast WS1 cells. Additionally, Wnt3a promoted cell migration after irradiation. In a mouse model of full-thickness skin wounds combined with total-body irradiation, Wnt3a was shown to facilitate skin wound healing. The results from RNA-Seq revealed that 24 genes were upregulated and 154 were downregulated in Wnt3a-treated irradiated skin cells, and these dysregulated genes were mainly enriched in the tight junction pathway. Among them, Marvel D3 showed the most obvious difference. We further found that the activated β-catenin signaling pathway stimulated the phosphorylation of JNK by silencing Marvel D3. Treatment of irradiated cells with SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, augmented ROS production and impeded cell migration. Furthermore, treatment with Wnt3a or transfection with Marvel D3-specific siRNAs could reverse the above effects. Taken together, these findings illustrate that activated β-catenin signaling stimulates the activation of JNK by negatively regulating Marvel D3 to ameliorate radiation-induced skin injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Li Zhong
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yang Feng
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Kun Qian
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yuji Xiao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Gaoren Wang
- Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong 226000 China
| | - Wenling Tu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051 China
| | - Ling Yue
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Hongying Yang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
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22
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Hu Y, Ciminieri C, Hu Q, Lehmann M, Königshoff M, Gosens R. WNT Signalling in Lung Physiology and Pathology. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:305-336. [PMID: 34463851 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The main physiological function of the lung is gas exchange, mediated at the interface between the alveoli and the pulmonary microcapillary network and facilitated by conducting airway structures that regulate the transport of these gases from and to the alveoli. Exposure to microbial and environmental factors such as allergens, viruses, air pollution, and smoke contributes to the development of chronic lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lung cancer. Respiratory diseases as a cluster are the commonest cause of chronic disease and of hospitalization in children and are among the three most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the adult population worldwide. Many of these chronic respiratory diseases are associated with inflammation and structural remodelling of the airways and/or alveolar tissues. They can often only be treated symptomatically with no disease-modifying therapies that normalize the pathological tissue destruction driven by inflammation and remodelling. In search for novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases, several lines of evidence revealed the WNT pathway as an emerging target for regenerative strategies in the lung. WNT proteins, their receptors, and signalling effectors have central regulatory roles under (patho)physiological conditions underpinning lung function and (chronic) lung diseases and we summarize these roles and discuss how pharmacological targeting of the WNT pathway may be utilized for the treatment of chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chiara Ciminieri
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qianjiang Hu
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany. .,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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23
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Fang Y, Tian J, Fan Y, Cao P. Latest progress on the molecular mechanisms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9811-9820. [PMID: 33230784 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a serious life-threatening lung disease, and the median survival period of PF patients after diagnosis is only 2.5-3.5 years. At present, there are no effective drugs or therapeutics to reverse or even inhibit IPF. The main pathological characteristics of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) include damage to alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix accumulation, which gradually lead to damage to the lung structure and decreased lung function. It is important to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of PF comprehensively and clearly. In this paper, critical signaling pathways related to PF were reviewed to present updates on the molecular mechanisms of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jingya Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.,College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Pengxiu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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24
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Radbel J, Laskin DL, Laskin JD, Kipen HM. Disease-modifying treatment of chemical threat agent-induced acute lung injury. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1480:14-29. [PMID: 32726497 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a highly morbid lung pathology induced by exposure to chemical warfare agents, including vesicants, phosgene, chlorine, and ricin. In this review, we describe the pathology associated with the development of ARDS in humans and experimental models of acute lung injury following animal exposure to these high-priority threat agents. Potential future approaches to disease-modifying treatment used in preclinical animal studies, including antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, biologics, and mesenchymal stem cells, are also described. As respiratory pathologies, including ARDS, are the major cause of morbidity and mortality following exposure to chemical threat agents, understanding mechanisms of disease pathogenesis is key to the development of efficacious therapeutics beyond the primary intervention principle, which remains mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Radbel
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Howard M Kipen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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25
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Raslan AA, Yoon JK. WNT Signaling in Lung Repair and Regeneration. Mol Cells 2020; 43:774-783. [PMID: 32807748 PMCID: PMC7528681 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung has a vital function in gas exchange between the blood and the external atmosphere. It also has a critical role in the immune defense against external pathogens and environmental factors. While the lung is classified as a relatively quiescent organ with little homeostatic turnover, it shows robust regenerative capacity in response to injury, mediated by the resident stem/progenitor cells. During regeneration, regionally distinct epithelial cell populations with specific functions are generated from several different types of stem/progenitor cells localized within four histologically distinguished regions: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. WNT signaling is one of the key signaling pathways involved in regulating many types of stem/progenitor cells in various organs. In addition to its developmental role in the embryonic and fetal lung, WNT signaling is critical for lung homeostasis and regeneration. In this minireview, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the understanding of the role of WNT signaling in lung regeneration with an emphasis on stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Raslan
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 35, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyo Yoon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 35, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
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26
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Summers ME, Richmond BW, Menon S, Sheridan RM, Kropski JA, Majka SA, Taketo MM, Bastarache JA, West JD, De Langhe S, Geraghty P, Klemm DJ, Chu HW, Friedman RS, Tao YK, Foronjy RF, Majka SM. Resident mesenchymal vascular progenitors modulate adaptive angiogenesis and pulmonary remodeling via regulation of canonical Wnt signaling. FASEB J 2020; 34:10267-10285. [PMID: 32533805 PMCID: PMC7496763 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000629r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive angiogenesis is necessary for tissue repair, however, it may also be associated with the exacerbation of injury and development of chronic disease. In these studies, we demonstrate that lung mesenchymal vascular progenitor cells (MVPC) modulate adaptive angiogenesis via lineage trace, depletion of MVPC, and modulation of β-catenin expression. Single cell sequencing confirmed MVPC as multipotential vascular progenitors, thus, genetic depletion resulted in alveolar simplification with reduced adaptive angiogenesis. Following vascular endothelial injury, Wnt activation in MVPC was sufficient to elicit an emphysema-like phenotype characterized by increased MLI, fibrosis, and MVPC driven adaptive angiogenesis. Lastly, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling skewed the profile of human and murine MVPC toward an adaptive phenotype. These data suggest that lung MVPC drive angiogenesis in response to injury and regulate the microvascular niche as well as subsequent distal lung tissue architecture via Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Summers
- Department of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep MedicineNational Jewish HealthDenverCOUSA
| | - Bradley W. Richmond
- Department of MedicineDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or CardiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Swapna Menon
- Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute KochiAnalyzeDat Consulting ServicesErnakulamIndia
| | - Ryan M. Sheridan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsRNA Bioscience InitiativeUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Department of MedicineDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or CardiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Sarah A. Majka
- Department of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep MedicineNational Jewish HealthDenverCOUSA
| | - M. Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental TherapeuticsGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Julie A. Bastarache
- Department of MedicineDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or CardiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - James D. West
- Department of MedicineDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or CardiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | | | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSUNY Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNYUSA
| | - Dwight J. Klemm
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary & Critical Care MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell BiologyUniversity of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep MedicineNational Jewish HealthDenverCOUSA
| | | | - Yuankai K. Tao
- Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute KochiAnalyzeDat Consulting ServicesErnakulamIndia
| | - Robert F. Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSUNY Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNYUSA
| | - Susan M. Majka
- Department of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep MedicineNational Jewish HealthDenverCOUSA
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell BiologyUniversity of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
- Department of Biomedical ResearchNational Jewish HealthDenverCOUSA
- Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
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27
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Yousefi F, Shabaninejad Z, Vakili S, Derakhshan M, Movahedpour A, Dabiri H, Ghasemi Y, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Nikoozadeh A, Savardashtaki A, Mirzaei H, Hamblin MR. TGF-β and WNT signaling pathways in cardiac fibrosis: non-coding RNAs come into focus. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:87. [PMID: 32517807 PMCID: PMC7281690 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis describes the inappropriate proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), leading to accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the cardiac muscle, which is found in many pathophysiological heart conditions. A range of molecular components and cellular pathways, have been implicated in its pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on the TGF-β and WNT signaling pathways, and their mutual interaction, which have emerged as important factors involved in cardiac pathophysiology. The molecular and cellular processes involved in the initiation and progression of cardiac fibrosis are summarized. We focus on TGF-β and WNT signaling in cardiac fibrosis, ECM production, and myofibroblast transformation. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are one of the main players in the regulation of multiple pathways and cellular processes. MicroRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular long non-coding RNAs can all interact with the TGF-β/WNT signaling axis to affect cardiac fibrosis. A better understanding of these processes may lead to new approaches for diagnosis and treatment of many cardiac conditions. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yousefi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Vakili
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Derakhshan
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Dabiri
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cell and Development Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azin Nikoozadeh
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine,Mashhad Univesity of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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28
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Wu Y, Guan S, Ge Y, Yang Y, Cao Y, Zhou J. Cigarette smoke promotes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through the miR-130a/Wnt1 axis. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104770. [PMID: 31935487 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a crucial factor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Wnt/β-catenin signaling deregulation may further contribute to COPD progression. The deregulation and dysfunction of miRNAs in COPD have been reported. Investigating the deregulated miRNAs and their potential role in COPD progression may provide novel strategies for COPD treatment. In the present study, we analyzed significantly differentially-expressed miRNAs in COPD according to GSE44531 and miR-130a was selected. We revealed the upregulation of miR-130a in COPD, both in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated BEAS-2B cells and CS-exposed mice. MiR-130a negatively regulated three critical factors in Wnt/β-catenin signaling, Wnt1, β-Catenin, and LEF1. MiR-130a inhibition rescued CSE-blocked activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro. MiR-130a targets WNT1 3'UTR to inhibit its expression. Moreover, in CSE-stimulated BEAS-2B cells, miR-130a overexpression aggravated, while miR-130a inhibition partially attenuated CSE-caused suppression on cell migration and proliferation. MiR-130a aggravates CSE-induced cellular injury in BEAS-2B cells by targeting Wnt signaling. In summary, miR-130a has a pathogenetic role in CS-induced COPD and regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling via targeting Wnt1. Our findings indicate that miR-130a is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CS-induced COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Wu
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliation Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Shuhong Guan
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliation Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Yunqi Ge
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliation Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliation Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliation Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliation Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China.
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29
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Fu C, Lu Y, Williams MA, Brantly ML, Ventetuolo CE, Morel LM, Mehrad B, Scott EW, Bryant AJ. Emergency myelopoiesis contributes to immune cell exhaustion and pulmonary vascular remodelling. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:187-202. [PMID: 31793661 PMCID: PMC8240454 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to chronic lung disease (World Health Organization Group 3 PH) is deadly, with lung transplant being the only available long-term treatment option. Myeloid-derived cells are known to affect progression of both pulmonary fibrosis and PH, although the mechanism of action is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of myeloid cell proliferation induced by emergency myelopoiesis on development of PH and therapy directed against programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), expressed by myeloid cells in prevention of pulmonary vascular remodelling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH LysM.Cre-DTR ("mDTR") mice were injected with bleomycin (0.018 U·g-1 , i.p.) while receiving either vehicle or diphtheria toxin (DT; 100 ng, i.p.) to induce severe PH. Approximately 4 weeks after initiation of bleomycin protocol, right ventricular pressure measurements were performed and tissue samples collected for histologic assessment. In a separate experiment, DT-treated mice were given anti-PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1; 500 μg, i.p.) preventive treatment before bleomycin administration. KEY RESULTS Mice undergoing induction of emergency myelopoiesis displayed more severe PH, right ventricular remodelling and pulmonary vascular muscularization compared to controls, without a change in lung fibrosis. This worsening of PH was associated with increased pulmonary myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC), particularly polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSC). Treatment with αPD-L1 normalized pulmonary pressures. PD-L1 expression was likewise found to be elevated on circulating PMN-MDSC from patients with interstitial lung disease and PH. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PD-L1 is a viable therapeutic target in PH, acting through a signalling axis involving MDSC. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Fu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yuanqing Lu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mason A Williams
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mark L Brantly
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Corey E Ventetuolo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Laurence M Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Borna Mehrad
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Edward W Scott
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrew J Bryant
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Dong MN, Xiao Y, Li YF, Wang DM, Qu YP, Fang TW, Li H, Liu MW. Amelioration of paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by regulating miR-140-5p expression with the fibrogenic inhibitor Xuebijing. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2020; 34:2058738420923911. [PMID: 32462952 PMCID: PMC7262989 DOI: 10.1177/2058738420923911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous Xuebijing (XBJ) therapy suppresses paraquat (PQ)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. However, the mechanism underlying this suppression remains unknown. This work aimed to analyze the miR-140-5p-induced effects of XBJ injection on PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. The mice were arbitrarily assigned to four groups. The model group was administered with PQ only. The PQ treatment group was administered with PQ and XBJ. The control group was administered with saline only. The control treatment group was administered with XBJ only. The miR-140-5p and miR-140-5p knockout animal models were overexpressed. The gene expression levels of miR-140-5p, transglutaminase-2 (TG2), β-catenin, Wnt-1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the lungs were assayed with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. The levels of TGF-β1, CTGF, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hydroxyproline (Hyp) levels and pulmonary fibrosis were also scored. After 14 days of PQ induction of pulmonary fibrosis, AdCMV-miR-140-5p, and XBJ upregulated miR-140-5p expression; blocked the expressions of TG2, Wnt-1, and β-catenin; and decreased p-Smad2, p-Smad3, CTGF, MMP-9, and TGF-β1 expressions. In addition, Hyp and pulmonary fibrosis scores in XBJ-treated mice decreased. Histological results confirmed that PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis in XBJ-treated lungs was attenuated. TG2 expression and the Wnt-1/β-catenin signaling pathway were suppressed by the elevated levels of miR-140-5p expression. This inhibition was pivotal in the protective effect of XBJ against PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, XBJ efficiently alleviated PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-na Dong
- Department of Emergency, First Hospital
Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- Intensive Care Unit, The Third
Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yun-fei Li
- Department of Elderly Cardiovascular
Diseases, First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming,
China
| | - Dong-mei Wang
- Yunnan Green Field Biological
Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Ya-ping Qu
- Department of Postgraduate, Kunming
Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tian-wen Fang
- Department of Postgraduate, Kunming
Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Li
- Yunnan Green Field Biological
Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Ming-wei Liu
- Department of Emergency, First Hospital
Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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31
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Chu X, Chen C, Chen C, Zhang JS, Bellusci S, Li X. Evidence for lung repair and regeneration in humans: key stem cells and therapeutic functions of fibroblast growth factors. Front Med 2019; 14:262-272. [PMID: 31741137 PMCID: PMC7095240 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration carries the idea of regrowing partially or completely a missing organ. Repair, on the other hand, allows restoring the function of an existing but failing organ. The recognition that human lungs can both repair and regenerate is quite novel, the concept has not been widely used to treat patients. We present evidence that the human adult lung does repair and regenerate and introduce different ways to harness this power. Various types of lung stem cells are capable of proliferating and differentiating upon injury driving the repair/regeneration process. Injury models, primarily in mice, combined with lineage tracing studies, have allowed the identification of these important cells. Some of these cells, such as basal cells, broncho-alveolar stem cells, and alveolar type 2 cells, rely on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling for their survival, proliferation and/or differentiation. While preclinical studies have shown the therapeutic benefits of FGFs, a recent clinical trial for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) using intravenous injection of FGF7 did not report the expected beneficial effects. We discuss the potential reasons for these negative results and propose the rationale for new approaches for future clinical trials, such as delivery of FGFs to the damaged lungs through efficient inhalation systems, which may be more promising than systemic exposure to FGFs. While this change in the administration route presents a challenge, the therapeutic promises displayed by FGFs are worth the effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chaolei Chen
- Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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32
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Fernandez RJ, Johnson FB. A regulatory loop connecting WNT signaling and telomere capping: possible therapeutic implications for dyskeratosis congenita. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1418:56-68. [PMID: 29722029 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of telomere dysfunction are most apparent in rare inherited syndromes caused by genetic deficiencies in factors that normally maintain telomeres. The principal disease is known as dyskeratosis congenita (DC), but other syndromes with similar underlying genetic defects share some clinical aspects with this disease. Currently, there are no curative therapies for these diseases of telomere dysfunction. Here, we review recent findings demonstrating that dysfunctional (i.e., uncapped) telomeres can downregulate the WNT pathway, and that restoration of WNT signaling helps to recap telomeres by increasing expression of shelterins, proteins that naturally bind and protect telomeres. We discuss how these findings are different from previous observations connecting WNT and telomere biology, and discuss potential links between WNT and clinical manifestations of the DC spectrum of diseases. Finally, we argue for exploring the use of WNT agonists, specifically lithium, as a possible therapeutic approach for patients with DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Jesus Fernandez
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Biomedical Graduate Studies, Medical Scientist Training Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - F Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Okazaki H, Sato S, Koyama K, Morizumi S, Abe S, Azuma M, Chen Y, Goto H, Aono Y, Ogawa H, Kagawa K, Nishimura H, Kawano H, Toyoda Y, Uehara H, Kouji H, Nishioka Y. The novel inhibitor PRI-724 for Wnt/β-catenin/CBP signaling ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Exp Lung Res 2019; 45:188-199. [PMID: 31298961 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2019.1638466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim of the Study: Wnt/β-catenin signaling was reported to be activated in pulmonary fibrosis, and was focused on as a target for antifibrotic therapy. However, the mechanism how the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study is to explore the target cells of Wnt/β-catenin inhibition in pulmonary fibrosis and to examine the antifibrotic effect of the novel inhibitor PRI-724 specifically disrupting the interaction of β-catenin and CBP. Materials and Methods: The effect of C-82, an active metabolite of PRI-724, on the expression of TGF-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) was examined on fibroblasts and macrophages. We also examined the effects of PRI-724 in mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Results: The activation and increased accumulation of β-catenin in the canonical pathway were detected in lung fibroblasts as well as macrophages stimulated by Wnt3a using Western blotting. Treatment with C-82 reduced CBP protein and increased p300 protein binding to β-catenin in the nucleus of lung fibroblasts. In addition, C-82 inhibited the expression of SMA in lung fibroblasts treated with TGF-β, indicating the inhibition of myofibroblast differentiation. In the fibrotic lungs induced by bleomycin, β-catenin was stained strongly in macrophages, but the staining of β-catenin in alveolar epithelial cells and fibroblasts was weak. The administration of PRI-724 ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in mice when administered with a late, but not an early, treatment schedule. Analysis of bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) showed a decreased number of alveolar macrophages. In addition, the level of TGF-β1 in BALF was decreased in mice treated with PRI-724. C-82 also inhibited the production of TGF-β1 by alveolar macrophages. Conclusions: These results suggest that the β-catenin/CBP inhibitor PRI-724 is a potent antifibrotic agent that acts by modulating the activity of macrophages in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Okazaki
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Seidai Sato
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Kazuya Koyama
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Shun Morizumi
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Shuichi Abe
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Momoyo Azuma
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Yajuan Chen
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Hisatsugu Goto
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Yoshinori Aono
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University , Tokushima , Japan.,b National Hospital Organization Higashi Tokushima Medical Center , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ogawa
- c Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Kozo Kagawa
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Haruka Nishimura
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawano
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Yuko Toyoda
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Hisanori Uehara
- c Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kouji
- d PRISM BioLab Co., Ltd. , Midori-ku , Yokohama , Japan.,e Faculty of Medicine, Oita University , Yufu-city , Oita , Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University , Tokushima , Japan
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Amano H, Mastui Y, Ito Y, Shibata Y, Betto T, Eshima K, Ogawa F, Satoh Y, Shibuya M, Majima M. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 tyrosine kinase signaling in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109067. [PMID: 31176171 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease with a poor prognosis. Fibroblast proliferation amplifies extracellular matrix deposition and increases angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most potent angiogenic factors. VEGF interacts with VEGF receptors (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2). A previous study showed that VEGFR1 tyrosine kinase (TK) signaling induced blood flow recovery mediated by bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells. We hypothesized that VEGFR1-TK signaling might be related to pulmonary fibrosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six-week-old male C57Bl/6 wild-type (WT) mice and VEGFR1 TK knockout mice (TKKO mice) were treated with a single intratracheal injection of bleomycin (BLM; 0.1 μg in 50 μl saline) or vehicle (saline; 50 μl). Lung fibrosis was evaluated by histology, real-time PCR and ELISA for pro-fibrotic factors, and assessment of lung mechanics. RESULTS The fibrotic area in the lung and the lung elastance were significantly reduced in TKKO mice (P < 0.01). The expression of the fibrosis-related factors type I collagen, S100A4, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β was also significantly reduced in TKKO mice on day 21 after BLM injection. TKKO mice also had significantly lower levels of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 in the lungs and plasma on days 14 and 21 after BLM treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7) and CXCR4, the receptors for SDF-1, was also suppressed in TKKO mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that treatment with a CXCR4 antibody decreased the accumulation of VEGFR1+ cells in the lung in WT mice but not in TKKO mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest that VEGFR1 TK signaling promotes BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis by activating the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in infiltrating VEGFR1+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Amano
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Mastui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusaku Shibata
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Betto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Eshima
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ogawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Satoh
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masabumi Shibuya
- Gakubunkan Institute of Physiology and Medicine, Jobu University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
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35
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Shukla S, Khan I, Bajpai VK, Lee H, Kim T, Upadhyay A, Huh YS, Han YK, Tripathi KM. Sustainable Graphene Aerogel as an Ecofriendly Cell Growth Promoter and Highly Efficient Adsorbent for Histamine from Red Wine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:18165-18177. [PMID: 31025849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of a sustainable and lightweight graphene aerogel (GA), synthesized from crude biomass, as a cell growth promoter and an adsorbent for the efficient removal of histamine (HIS), a food toxicant, from the real food matrix has been explored. Due to the self-supported three-dimensional nanoporous honeycomb-like structure of the graphene framework and the high surface area, the synthesized GA achieved an 80.69 ± 0.89% removal of HIS from red wine (spiked with HIS) after just 60 min under both acidic (3.0) and neutral (7.4) pH conditions. Furthermore, simple cleaning with 50% ethanol and deionized water, without any change in weight, allowed them to be reused more than 10 times with a still significant HIS removal ability (more than 71.6 ± 2.57%). In vitro cell culture experiments demonstrated that the synthesized GA had nontoxic effects on the cell viability (up to 80.35%) even at higher concentrations (10 mg mL-1), as determined via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays using human lung bronchial epithelial cells. Interestingly, GA promotes the wound-healing ability on the scratched epithelial cell surfaces via enhancing the cell migrations as also validated by the western blot analysis via expression levels of epithelial β-catenin and E-cadherin proteins. The distinct structural advantage along with the nontoxicity of the green synthesized GA will not only facilitate the economic feasibility of the synthesized GA for its practical real-life applications in liquid toxin and pollutant removal from the food and environment but also broaden its applicability as a promising biomaterial of choice for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Shukla
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering , Dongguk University-Seoul , 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil , Seoul 04620 , Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC) , Inha University , 100 Inha-ro , Incheon 22212 , Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering , Dongguk University-Seoul , 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil , Seoul 04620 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hoomin Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC) , Inha University , 100 Inha-ro , Incheon 22212 , Republic of Korea
| | - TaeYoung Kim
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Gachon University , 1342 Seongnam-daero , Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si , Gyeonggi-do 461-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ashutosh Upadhyay
- Department of Food Science and Technology , National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) , Sonipat , Haryana 131028 , India
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC) , Inha University , 100 Inha-ro , Incheon 22212 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering , Dongguk University-Seoul , 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil , Seoul 04620 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kumud Malika Tripathi
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Gachon University , 1342 Seongnam-daero , Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si , Gyeonggi-do 461-701 , Republic of Korea
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Jin J, Shi X, Li Y, Zhang Q, Guo Y, Li C, Tan P, Fang Q, Ma Y, Ma RZ. Reticulocalbin 3 Deficiency in Alveolar Epithelium Exacerbated Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:320-333. [PMID: 29676583 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0347oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reticulocalbin 3 (Rcn3) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen protein localized to the secretory pathway. We have reported that Rcn3 plays a critical role in alveolar epithelial type II cell maturation during perinatal lung development, but its biological role in the adult lung is largely unknown. In this study, we found marked induction of Rcn3 expression in alveolar epithelium during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, which is most obvious in alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECIIs). To further examine Rcn3 in pulmonary injury remodeling, we generated transgenic mice to selectively delete Rcn3 in AECIIs in adulthood. Although Rcn3 deletion did not cause obvious abnormalities in the lung architecture and mechanics, the exposure of Rcn3-deleted mice to bleomycin led to exacerbated pulmonary fibrosis and reduced lung mechanics. These Rcn3-deleted mice also displayed enhanced alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis and ER stress after bleomycin treatment, which was confirmed by in vitro studies both in primary AECIIs and mouse lung epithelial cells. Consistently, Rcn3 deficiency also enhanced ER stress and apoptosis induced by ER stress inducers, tunicamycin and thapsigargin. In addition, Rcn3 deficiency caused blunted wound closure capability of AECs, but not altered proliferation and bleomycin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Collectively, these findings indicate that bleomycin-induced upregulation of Rcn3 in AECIIs appears to contribute to AECII survival and wound healing. These observations, for the first time, suggest a novel role of Rcn3 in regulating pulmonary injury remodeling, and shed additional light on the mechanism of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Jin
- 1 The Clinical Research Center, and.,4 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shi
- 4 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,5 The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- 4 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- 3 Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Yu Guo
- 4 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,5 The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaokun Li
- 4 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,5 The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Tan
- 4 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuhong Fang
- 3 Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Yingmin Ma
- 3 Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Runlin Z Ma
- 4 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,5 The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lierova A, Jelicova M, Nemcova M, Proksova M, Pejchal J, Zarybnicka L, Sinkorova Z. Cytokines and radiation-induced pulmonary injuries. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2018; 59:709-753. [PMID: 30169853 PMCID: PMC6251431 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rry067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the most common treatment strategies for thorax malignancies. One of the considerable limitations of this therapy is its toxicity to normal tissue. The lung is the major dose-limiting organ for radiotherapy. That is because ionizing radiation produces reactive oxygen species that induce lesions, and not only is tumor tissue damaged, but overwhelming inflammatory lung damage can occur in the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium. This damage may result in radiation-induced pneumonitis and/or fibrosis. While describing the lung response to irradiation generally, the main focus of this review is on cytokines and their roles and functions within the individual stages. We discuss the relationship between radiation and cytokines and their direct and indirect effects on the formation and development of radiation injuries. Although this topic has been intensively studied and discussed for years, we still do not completely understand the roles of cytokines. Experimental data on cytokine involvement are fragmented across a large number of experimental studies; hence, the need for this review of the current knowledge. Cytokines are considered not only as molecular factors involved in the signaling network in pathological processes, but also for their diagnostic potential. A concentrated effort has been made to identify the significant immune system proteins showing positive correlation between serum levels and tissue damages. Elucidating the correlations between the extent and nature of radiation-induced pulmonary injuries and the levels of one or more key cytokines that initiate and control those damages may improve the efficacy of radiotherapy in cancer treatment and ultimately the well-being of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lierova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Jelicova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Nemcova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Proksova
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Zarybnicka
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Sinkorova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. Tel.: +420 973 253 219.
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Burman A, Kropski JA, Calvi CL, Serezani AP, Pascoalino BD, Han W, Sherrill T, Gleaves L, Lawson WE, Young LR, Blackwell TS, Tanjore H. Localized hypoxia links ER stress to lung fibrosis through induction of C/EBP homologous protein. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99543. [PMID: 30135303 PMCID: PMC6141182 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ER stress in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) is common in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but the contribution of ER stress to lung fibrosis is poorly understood. We found that mice deficient in C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), an ER stress-regulated transcription factor, were protected from lung fibrosis and AEC apoptosis in 3 separate models where substantial ER stress was identified. In mice treated with repetitive intratracheal bleomycin, we identified localized hypoxia in type II AECs as a potential mechanism explaining ER stress. To test the role of hypoxia in lung fibrosis, we treated mice with bleomycin, followed by exposure to 14% O2, which exacerbated ER stress and lung fibrosis. Under these experimental conditions, CHOP-/- mice, but not mice with epithelial HIF (HIF1/HIF2) deletion, were protected from AEC apoptosis and fibrosis. In vitro studies revealed that CHOP regulates hypoxia-induced apoptosis in AECs via the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and the PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) pathways. In human IPF lungs, CHOP and hypoxia markers were both upregulated in type II AECs, supporting a conclusion that localized hypoxia results in ER stress-induced CHOP expression, thereby augmenting type II AEC apoptosis and potentiating lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Burman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carla L. Calvi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ana P. Serezani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bruno D. Pascoalino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Taylor Sherrill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Linda Gleaves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William E. Lawson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lisa R. Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Harikrishna Tanjore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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39
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Nadkarni RR, Abed S, Draper JS. Stem Cells in Pulmonary Disease and Regeneration. Chest 2018; 153:994-1003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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40
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Sucre JMS, Deutsch GH, Jetter CS, Ambalavanan N, Benjamin JT, Gleaves LA, Millis BA, Young LR, Blackwell TS, Kropski JA, Guttentag SH. A Shared Pattern of β-Catenin Activation in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:853-862. [PMID: 29355514 PMCID: PMC5866104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is necessary for normal lung development, and abnormal Wnt signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of both bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), fibrotic lung diseases that occur during infancy and aging, respectively. Using a library of human normal and diseased human lung samples, we identified a distinct signature of nuclear accumulation of β-catenin phosphorylated at tyrosine 489 and epithelial cell cytosolic localization of β-catenin phosphorylated at tyrosine 654 in early normal lung development and fibrotic lung diseases BPD and IPF. Furthermore, this signature was recapitulated in murine models of BPD and IPF. Image analysis of immunofluorescence colocalization demonstrated a consistent pattern of elevated nuclear phosphorylated β-catenin in the lung epithelium and surrounding mesenchyme in BPD and IPF, closely resembling the pattern observed in 18-week fetal lung. Nuclear β-catenin phosphorylated at tyrosine 489 associated with an increased expression of Wnt target gene AXIN2, suggesting that the observed β-catenin signature is of functional significance during normal development and injury repair. The association of specific modifications of β-catenin during normal lung development and again in response to lung injury supports the widely held concept that repair of lung injury involves the recapitulation of developmental programs. Furthermore, these observations suggest that β-catenin phosphorylation has potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of both BPD and IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M S Sucre
- Mildred Stahlman Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Gail H Deutsch
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christopher S Jetter
- Mildred Stahlman Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - John T Benjamin
- Mildred Stahlman Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Linda A Gleaves
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bryan A Millis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Cell Imaging Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lisa R Young
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan A Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Susan H Guttentag
- Mildred Stahlman Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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41
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Burgy O, Königshoff M. The WNT signaling pathways in wound healing and fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:67-80. [PMID: 29572156 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathways are major regulators of organ development. Ample research over the past few decades revealed that these pathways are critically involved in adult tissue homeostasis and stem cell function as well as the development of chronic diseases, such as cancer and fibrosis. In this review, we will describe the different WNT signal pathways, summarize the current evidence of WNT signal involvement in wound healing and fibrosis, and highlight potential novel therapeutic options for fibrotic disorders targeting WNT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Burgy
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
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42
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Pi L, Fu C, Lu Y, Zhou J, Jorgensen M, Shenoy V, Lipson KE, Scott EW, Bryant AJ. Vascular Endothelial Cell-Specific Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) Is Necessary for Development of Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29535639 PMCID: PMC5835098 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia frequently complicates the care of patients with interstitial lung disease, contributing to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH), and premature death. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a matricellular protein of the Cyr61/CTGF/Nov (CCN) family, is known to exacerbate vascular remodeling within the lung. We have previously demonstrated that vascular endothelial-cell specific down-regulation of CTGF is associated with protection against the development of PH associated with hypoxia, though the mechanism for this effect is unknown. In this study, we generated a transgenic mouse line in which the Ctgf gene was floxed and deleted in vascular endothelial cells that expressed Cre recombinase under the control of VE-Cadherin promoter (eCTGF KO mice). Lack of vascular endothelial-derived CTGF protected against the development of PH secondary to chronic hypoxia, as well as in another model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary hypertension. Importantly, attenuation of PH was associated with a decrease in infiltrating inflammatory cells expressing CD11b or integrin αM (ITGAM), a known adhesion receptor for CTGF, in the lungs of hypoxia-exposed eCTGF KO mice. Moreover, these pathological changes were associated with activation of—Rho GTPase family member—cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42) signaling, known to be associated with alteration in endothelial barrier function. These data indicate that endothelial-specific deletion of CTGF results in protection against development of chronic-hypoxia induced PH. This protection is conferred by both a decrease in inflammatory cell recruitment to the lung, and a reduction in lung Cdc42 activity. Based on our studies, CTGF inhibitor treatment should be investigated in patients with PH associated with chronic hypoxia secondary to chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Pi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Chunhua Fu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yuanquing Lu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Junmei Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Marda Jorgensen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Vinayak Shenoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Health Sciences University, Clovis, CA, United States
| | | | - Edward W Scott
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Andrew J Bryant
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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43
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Bryant AJ, Shenoy V, Fu C, Marek G, Lorentsen KJ, Herzog EL, Brantly ML, Avram D, Scott EW. Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells Are Necessary for Development of Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:170-180. [PMID: 28862882 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0214oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) complicates the care of patients with chronic lung disease, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), resulting in a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. Disease pathogenesis is orchestrated by unidentified myeloid-derived cells. We used murine models of PH and pulmonary fibrosis to study the role of circulating myeloid cells in disease pathogenesis and prevention. We administered clodronate liposomes to bleomycin-treated wild-type mice to induce pulmonary fibrosis and PH with a resulting increase in circulating bone marrow-derived cells. We discovered that a population of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor (CXCR) 2+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), granulocytic subset (G-MDSC), is associated with severe PH in mice. Pulmonary pressures worsened despite improvement in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. PH was attenuated by CXCR2 inhibition, with antagonist SB 225002, through decreasing G-MDSC recruitment to the lung. Molecular and cellular analysis of clinical patient samples confirmed a role for elevated MDSCs in IPF and IPF with PH. These data show that MDSCs play a key role in PH pathogenesis and that G-MDSC trafficking to the lung, through chemokine receptor CXCR2, increases development of PH in multiple murine models. Furthermore, we demonstrate pathology similar to the preclinical models in IPF with lung and blood samples from patients with PH, suggesting a potential role for CXCR2 inhibitor use in this patient population. These findings are significant, as there are currently no approved disease-specific therapies for patients with PH complicating IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Bryant
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Vinayak Shenoy
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Health Sciences University, Clovis, California
| | - Chunhua Fu
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - George Marek
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kyle J Lorentsen
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Erica L Herzog
- 3 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Mark L Brantly
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Dorina Avram
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Edward W Scott
- 4 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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44
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Redente EF. Macrophages and Fibrosis Resolution. Harnessing Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling as the Way and the Means. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 56:150-151. [PMID: 28145774 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0394ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Redente
- 1 Department of Pediatrics National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado.,2 Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado and.,3 Department of Research Veterans Affairs Denver, Colorado
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45
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Abstract
Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), represent a significant and increasing health burden. Current therapies are largely symptomatic, and novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Aging has emerged as a contributing factor for the development of both IPF and COPD because their prevalence increases with age, and several pathological features of these diseases resemble classical hallmarks of aging. Aging is thought to be driven in part by aberrant activity of developmental signaling pathways that thus might drive pathological changes, a process termed antagonistic pleiotropy or developmental drift. The developmental WNT pathway is fundamental for lung development, and altered WNT activity has been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of CLD, in particular to COPD and IPF. Although to date only limited data on WNT signaling during lung aging exist, WNT signal regulation during aging and its effects on age-related pathologies in other organs have recently been investigated. In this review, we discuss evidence of dysregulated WNT signaling in CLD in the context of WNT signal alteration in organ aging and its potential impact on age-related cellular mechanisms, such as senescence or stem cell exhaustion.
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46
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Developmental mechanisms and adult stem cells for therapeutic lung regeneration. Dev Biol 2018; 433:166-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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47
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Jansing NL, McClendon J, Henson PM, Tuder RM, Hyde DM, Zemans RL. Unbiased Quantitation of Alveolar Type II to Alveolar Type I Cell Transdifferentiation during Repair after Lung Injury in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:519-526. [PMID: 28586241 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0037ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The alveolar epithelium consists of squamous alveolar type (AT) I and cuboidal ATII cells. ATI cells cover 95-98% of the alveolar surface, thereby playing a critical role in barrier integrity, and are extremely thin, thus permitting efficient gas exchange. During lung injury, ATI cells die, resulting in increased epithelial permeability. ATII cells re-epithelialize the alveolar surface via proliferation and transdifferentiation into ATI cells. Transdifferentiation is characterized by down-regulation of ATII cell markers, up-regulation of ATI cell markers, and cell spreading, resulting in a change in morphology from cuboidal to squamous, thus restoring normal alveolar architecture and function. The mechanisms underlying ATII to ATI cell transdifferentiation have not been well studied in vivo. A prerequisite for mechanistic investigation is a rigorous, unbiased method to quantitate this process. Here, we used SPCCreERT2;mTmG mice, in which ATII cells and their progeny express green fluorescent protein (GFP), and applied stereologic techniques to measure transdifferentiation during repair after injury induced by LPS. Transdifferentiation was quantitated as the percent of alveolar surface area covered by ATII-derived (GFP+) cells expressing ATI, but not ATII, cell markers. Using this methodology, the time course and magnitude of transdifferentiation during repair was determined. We found that ATI cell loss and epithelial permeability occurred by Day 4, and ATII to ATI cell transdifferentiation began by Day 7 and continued until Day 16. Notably, transdifferentiation and barrier restoration are temporally correlated. This methodology can be applied to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying transdifferentiation, ultimately revealing novel therapeutic targets to accelerate repair after lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Jansing
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Jazalle McClendon
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Peter M Henson
- 2 Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,3 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, and.,4 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- 5 Program in Translational Lung Research, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO; and
| | - Dallas M Hyde
- 6 California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,3 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, and
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48
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What do polymorphisms tell us about the mechanisms of COPD? Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2847-2863. [PMID: 29203722 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is characterized by irreversible lung airflow obstruction. Cigarette smoke is the major risk factor for COPD development. However, only a minority number of smokers develop COPD, and there are substantial variations in lung function among smokers, suggesting that genetic determinants in COPD susceptibility. During the past decade, genome-wide association studies and exome sequencing have been instrumental to identify the genetic determinants of complex traits, including COPD. Focused studies have revealed mechanisms by which genetic variants contribute to COPD and have led to novel insights in COPD pathogenesis. Through functional investigations of causal variants in COPD, from the proteinase-antiproteinase theory to emerging roles of developmental pathways (such as Hedgehog and Wnt pathways) in COPD, we have greatly expanded our understanding on this complex pulmonary disease. In this review, we critically review functional investigations on roles of genetic polymorphisms in COPD, and discuss future challenges and opportunities in discovering novel mechanisms of functional variants.
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49
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McClendon J, Jansing NL, Redente EF, Gandjeva A, Ito Y, Colgan SP, Ahmad A, Riches DWH, Chapman HA, Mason RJ, Tuder RM, Zemans RL. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α Signaling Promotes Repair of the Alveolar Epithelium after Acute Lung Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1772-1786. [PMID: 28618253 PMCID: PMC5530913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During the acute respiratory distress syndrome, epithelial cells, primarily alveolar type (AT) I cells, die and slough off, resulting in enhanced permeability. ATII cells proliferate and spread onto the denuded basement membrane to reseal the barrier. Repair of the alveolar epithelium is critical for clinical recovery; however, mechanisms underlying ATII cell proliferation and spreading are not well understood. We hypothesized that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α promotes proliferation and spreading of ATII cells during repair after lung injury. Mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide or hydrochloric acid. HIF activation in ATII cells after injury was demonstrated by increased luciferase activity in oxygen degradation domain-Luc (HIF reporter) mice and expression of the HIF1α target gene GLUT1. ATII cell proliferation during repair was attenuated in ATII cell-specific HIF1α knockout (SftpcCreERT2+/-;HIF1αf/f) mice. The HIF target vascular endothelial growth factor promoted ATII cell proliferation in vitro and after lung injury in vivo. In the scratch wound assay of cell spreading, HIF stabilization accelerated, whereas HIF1α shRNA delayed wound closure. SDF1 and its receptor, CXCR4, were found to be HIF1α-regulated genes in ATII cells and were up-regulated during lung injury. Stromal cell-derived factor 1/CXCR4 inhibition impaired cell spreading and delayed the resolution of permeability after lung injury. We conclude that HIF1α is activated in ATII cells after lung injury and promotes proliferation and spreading during repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazalle McClendon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Nicole L Jansing
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Research, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Aneta Gandjeva
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Yoko Ito
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Integrated Department of Immunology, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David W H Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Harold A Chapman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert J Mason
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Program in Translational Lung Research, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado.
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50
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Baarsma HA, Königshoff M. 'WNT-er is coming': WNT signalling in chronic lung diseases. Thorax 2017; 72:746-759. [PMID: 28416592 PMCID: PMC5537530 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases represent a major public health problem with only limited therapeutic options. An important unmet need is to identify compounds and drugs that target key molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. Over the last decade, there has been extensive interest in investigating Wingless/integrase-1 (WNT) signalling pathways; and WNT signal alterations have been linked to pulmonary disease pathogenesis and progression. Here, we comprehensively review the cumulative evidence for WNT pathway alterations in chronic lung pathologies, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, asthma and COPD. While many studies have focused on the canonical WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway, recent reports highlight that non-canonical WNT signalling may also significantly contribute to chronic lung pathologies; these studies will be particularly featured in this review. We further discuss recent advances uncovering the role of WNT signalling early in life, the potential of pharmaceutically modulating WNT signalling pathways and highlight (pre)clinical studies describing promising new therapies for chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Baarsma
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - M Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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