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Korbecki J, Bosiacki M, Pilarczyk M, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Jarmużek P, Szućko-Kociuba I, Kulik-Sajewicz J, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Phospholipid Acyltransferases: Characterization and Involvement of the Enzymes in Metabolic and Cancer Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2115. [PMID: 38893234 PMCID: PMC11171337 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the enzymatic processes governing the initial stages of glycerophospholipid (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine) and triacylglycerol synthesis. The key enzymes under scrutiny include GPAT and AGPAT. Additionally, as most AGPATs exhibit LPLAT activity, enzymes participating in the Lands cycle with similar functions are also covered. The review begins by discussing the properties of these enzymes, emphasizing their specificity in enzymatic reactions, notably the incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into phospholipids. The paper sheds light on the intricate involvement of these enzymes in various diseases, including obesity, insulin resistance, and cancer. To underscore the relevance of these enzymes in cancer processes, a bioinformatics analysis was conducted. The expression levels of the described enzymes were correlated with the overall survival of patients across 33 different types of cancer using the GEPIA portal. This review further explores the potential therapeutic implications of inhibiting these enzymes in the treatment of metabolic diseases and cancer. By elucidating the intricate enzymatic pathways involved in lipid synthesis and their impact on various pathological conditions, this paper contributes to a comprehensive understanding of these processes and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Maciej Pilarczyk
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Neurosurgery Center University Hospital in Zielona Góra, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland; (M.P.); (P.J.)
| | - Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Jarmużek
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Neurosurgery Center University Hospital in Zielona Góra, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland; (M.P.); (P.J.)
| | | | - Justyna Kulik-Sajewicz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.C.)
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Valentine WJ, Shimizu T, Shindou H. Lysophospholipid acyltransferases orchestrate the compositional diversity of phospholipids. Biochimie 2023; 215:24-33. [PMID: 37611890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), in concert with glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) and phospholipase A1/2s, orchestrate the compositional diversity of the fatty chains in membrane phospholipids. Fourteen LPLAT enzymes which come from two distinct families, AGPAT and MBOAT, have been identified, and in this mini-review we provide an overview of their roles in de novo and remodeling pathways of membrane phospholipid biosynthesis. Recently new nomenclature for LPLATs has been introduced (LPLATx, where x is a number 1-14), and we also give an overview of key biological functions that have been discovered for LPLAT1-14, revealed primarily through studies of LPLAT-gene-deficient mice as well as by linkages to various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Valentine
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipid Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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3
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Zhang S, Zhang L, Wang L, Wang H, Wu J, Cai H, Mo C, Yang J. Machine learning identified MDK score has prognostic value for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis based on integrated bulk and single cell expression data. Front Genet 2023; 14:1246983. [PMID: 38075691 PMCID: PMC10704369 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1246983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease that poses a significant challenge to medical professionals due to its increasing incidence and prevalence coupled with the limited understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we employed a novel approach by integrating five expression datasets from bulk tissue with single-cell datasets; they underwent pseudotime trajectory analysis, switch gene selection, and cell communication analysis. Utilizing the prognostic information derived from the GSE47460 dataset, we identified 22 differentially expressed switch genes that were correlated with clinical indicators as important genes. Among these genes, we found that the midkine (MDK) gene has the potential to serve as a marker of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis because its cellular communicating genes are differentially expressed in the epithelial cells. We then utilized midkine and its cellular communication-related genes to calculate the midkine score. Machine learning models were further constructed through midkine and related genes to predict Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis disease through the bulk gene expression datasets. The midkine score demonstrated a correlation with clinical indexes, and the machine learning model achieved an AUC of 0.94 and 0.86 in the Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis classification task based on lung tissue samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples, respectively. Our findings offer valuable insights into the pathogenesis of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, providing new therapeutic directions and target genes for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichen Zhang
- Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongqiu Wang
- Systems Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoyang Cai
- Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunheng Mo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhan JH, Wei J, Liu L, Xu YT, Ji H, Wang CN, Liu YJ, Zhu XY. Investigation of a UPR-Related Gene Signature Identifies the Pro-Fibrotic Effects of Thrombospondin-1 by Activating CD47/ROS/Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway in Lung Fibroblasts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2024. [PMID: 38136144 PMCID: PMC10740656 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have been linked to pulmonary fibrosis. However, the relationship between UPR status and pulmonary function and prognosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients remains largely unknown. Through a series of bioinformatics analyses, we established a correlation between UPR status and pulmonary function in IPF patients. Furthermore, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) was identified as a potential biomarker for prognostic evaluation in IPF patients. By utilizing both bulk RNA profiling and single-cell RNA sequencing data, we demonstrated the upregulation of TSP-1 in lung fibroblasts during pulmonary fibrosis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results indicated a positive association between TSP-1 expression and gene sets related to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway in lung fibroblasts. TSP-1 overexpression alone induced mild ER stress and pulmonary fibrosis, and it even exacerbated bleomycin-induced ER stress and pulmonary fibrosis. Mechanistically, TSP-1 promoted ER stress and fibroblast activation through CD47-dependent ROS production. Treatment with either TSP-1 inhibitor or CD47 inhibitor significantly attenuated BLM-induced ER stress and pulmonary fibrosis. Collectively, these findings suggest that the elevation of TSP-1 during pulmonary fibrosis is not merely a biomarker but likely plays a pathogenic role in the fibrotic changes in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Zhan
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.-H.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.-T.X.); (H.J.)
| | - Juan Wei
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.-H.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.-T.X.); (H.J.)
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Yi-Tong Xu
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.-H.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.-T.X.); (H.J.)
| | - Hui Ji
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.-H.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.-T.X.); (H.J.)
| | - Chang-Nan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Yu-Jian Liu
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.-H.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.-T.X.); (H.J.)
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;
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Wan R, Wang L, Duan Y, Zhu M, Li W, Zhao M, Yuan H, Xu K, Li Z, Zhang X, Yu G. ADRB2 inhibition combined with antioxidant treatment alleviates lung fibrosis by attenuating TGFβ/SMAD signaling in lung fibroblasts. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:407. [PMID: 37923730 PMCID: PMC10624856 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and fatal interstitial lung disease with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options, which is characterized by aberrant myofibroblast activation and pathological remodeling of the extracellular matrix, while the mechanism remains elusive. In the present investigation, we observed a reduction in ADRB2 expression within both IPF and bleomycin-induced fibrotic lung samples, as well as in fibroblasts treated with TGF-β1. ADRB2 inhibition blunted bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Blockage of the ADRB2 suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion and attenuated TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation. Conversely, the enhancement of ADRB2 expression or functionality proved capable of inducing fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Subsequent mechanistic investigation revealed that inhibition of ADRB2 suppressed the activation of SMAD2/3 in lung fibroblasts and increased phos-SMAD2/3 proteasome degradation, and vice versa. Finally, ADRB2 inhibition combined with antioxidants showed increased efficacy in the therapy of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. In short, these data indicate that ADRB2 is involved in lung fibroblast differentiation, and targeting ADRB2 could emerge as a promising and innovative therapeutic approach for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Grants
- This work was supported by Ministry of Science and Technology, PR China, 2019YFE0119500, State Innovation Base for Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), and Henan Project of Science and Technology, 212102310894, 222102310711, 232102310067, and 232102521025, Xinxiang Major Project 21ZD002.
- This work was supported by Henan Project of Science and Technology, 212102310894, 222102310711, 232102310067, and 232102521025, Xinxiang Major Project 21ZD002.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Wan
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan center for outstanding overseas scientists of pulmonary fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan center for outstanding overseas scientists of pulmonary fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Yudi Duan
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan center for outstanding overseas scientists of pulmonary fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan center for outstanding overseas scientists of pulmonary fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan center for outstanding overseas scientists of pulmonary fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Mengxia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan center for outstanding overseas scientists of pulmonary fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Hongmei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan center for outstanding overseas scientists of pulmonary fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Kai Xu
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan center for outstanding overseas scientists of pulmonary fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Zhongzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan center for outstanding overseas scientists of pulmonary fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Zhengzhou 101 Middle School, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Guoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan center for outstanding overseas scientists of pulmonary fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
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6
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Zhang K, Chan V, Botelho RJ, Antonescu CN. A tail of their own: regulation of cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol fatty acyl profile by the acyltransferase LCLAT1. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1765-1776. [PMID: 37737061 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol along with the latter's phosphorylated derivative phosphoinositides, control a wide range of cellular functions from signal transduction, membrane traffic, mitochondrial function, cytoskeletal dynamics, and cell metabolism. An emerging dimension to these lipids is the specificity of their fatty acyl chains that is remarkably distinct from that of other glycerophospholipids. Cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol undergo acyl remodeling involving the sequential actions of phospholipase A to hydrolyze acyl chains and key acyltransferases that re-acylate with specific acyl groups. LCLAT1 (also known as LYCAT, AGPAT8, LPLAT6, or ALCAT1) is an acyltransferase that contributes to specific acyl profiles for phosphatidylinositol, phosphoinositides, and cardiolipin. As such, perturbations of LCLAT1 lead to alterations in cardiolipin-dependent phenomena such as mitochondrial respiration and dynamics and phosphoinositide-dependent processes such as endocytic membrane traffic and receptor signaling. Here we examine the biochemical and cellular actions of LCLAT1, as well as the contribution of this acyltransferase to the development and specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Victoria Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
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Washimkar KR, Tomar MS, Kulkarni C, Verma S, Shrivastava A, Chattopadhyay N, Mugale MN. Longitudinal assessment of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by evaluating TGF-β1/Smad2, Nrf2 signaling and metabolomic analysis in mice. Life Sci 2023; 331:122064. [PMID: 37657527 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by an increase in collagen synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix. Several factors, including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), mothers against decapentaplegic homolog family proteins (Smad), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) trigger extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, fibroblast to myofibroblasts conversion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) leading to PF. However, the role of cellular defense mechanisms such as the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling during the onset and progression of PF is not understood completely. AIM The present study aims to analyze the involvement of TGF-β1/Smad signaling, and Nrf2 in the EMT and metabolic alterations that promote fibrosis in a time-dependent manner using bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF model in C57BL/6 mice. KEY FINDINGS Histopathological studies revealed loss of lung architecture and increased collagen deposition in BLM-exposed mice. BLM upregulated TGF-β1/Smad signaling and α-SMA at all time-points. The gradual increase in the accumulation of α-SMA and collagen implied the progression of PF. BLM exposure raises Nrf2 throughout each specified time-point, which suggests that Nrf2 activation might be responsible for TGF-β1-induced EMT and the development of PF. Further, metabolomic studies linked the development of PF to alterations in metabolic pathways. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) was consistently enriched across all the time-points. Additionally, alterations in 22 commonly enriched pathways, associated with fatty acid (FA) and amino acid metabolism were observed in 30- and 60-days. SIGNIFICANCE This study elucidates the association of TGF-β1/Smad and Nrf2 signaling in the EMT and metabolic alterations associated with the etiology and progression of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveri R Washimkar
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manendra Singh Tomar
- Centre for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Chirag Kulkarni
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shobhit Verma
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashutosh Shrivastava
- Centre for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Piccolo SR, Denny P, Luxton-Reilly A, Payne SH, Ridge PG. Evaluating a large language model's ability to solve programming exercises from an introductory bioinformatics course. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011511. [PMID: 37769024 PMCID: PMC10564134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Computer programming is a fundamental tool for life scientists, allowing them to carry out essential research tasks. However, despite various educational efforts, learning to write code can be a challenging endeavor for students and researchers in life-sciences disciplines. Recent advances in artificial intelligence have made it possible to translate human-language prompts to functional code, raising questions about whether these technologies can aid (or replace) life scientists' efforts to write code. Using 184 programming exercises from an introductory-bioinformatics course, we evaluated the extent to which one such tool-OpenAI's ChatGPT-could successfully complete programming tasks. ChatGPT solved 139 (75.5%) of the exercises on its first attempt. For the remaining exercises, we provided natural-language feedback to the model, prompting it to try different approaches. Within 7 or fewer attempts, ChatGPT solved 179 (97.3%) of the exercises. These findings have implications for life-sciences education and research. Instructors may need to adapt their pedagogical approaches and assessment techniques to account for these new capabilities that are available to the general public. For some programming tasks, researchers may be able to work in collaboration with machine-learning models to produce functional code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Piccolo
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Paul Denny
- School of Computer Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Samuel H. Payne
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Perry G. Ridge
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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Wei J, Zhan J, Ji H, Xu Y, Xu Q, Zhu X, Liu Y. Fibroblast Upregulation of Vitamin D Receptor Represents a Self-Protective Response to Limit Fibroblast Proliferation and Activation during Pulmonary Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1634. [PMID: 37627629 PMCID: PMC10451996 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) is implicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, whether VDR dysregulation contributes to the development of pulmonary fibrosis remains largely unknown. Analysis of bulk and single-cell RNA profiling datasets revealed VDR upregulation in lung fibroblasts from patients with pulmonary fibrosis or fibrotic mice, which was validated in lung fibroblasts from bleomycin-exposed mice and bleomycin-treated fibroblasts. Stable VDR knockdown promoted, whereas the VDR agonist paricalcitol suppressed lung fibroblast proliferation and activation. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that the JAK/STAT pathway and unfolded protein response (UPR), a process related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, were enriched in lung fibroblasts of fibrotic lungs. Stable VDR knockdown stimulated, but paricalcitol suppressed ER stress and JAK1/STAT3 activation in lung fibroblasts. The STAT3 inhibitor blocked bleomycin- or stable VDR knockdown-induced ER stress. Paricalcitol inhibited the bleomycin-induced enrichment of STAT3 to the ATF6 promoter, thereby suppressing ATF6 expression in fibroblasts. Paricalcitol or intrapulmonary VDR overexpression inactivated JAK1/STAT3 and suppressed ER stress in bleomycin-treated mice, thus resulting in the inhibition of fibroblast proliferation and activation. Collectively, this study suggests that fibroblast VDR upregulation may be a self-protective response to limit fibroblast proliferation and activation during pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing the JAK1/STAT3/ER stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wei
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.W.); (J.Z.); (H.J.); (Y.X.); (Q.X.)
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Junhui Zhan
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.W.); (J.Z.); (H.J.); (Y.X.); (Q.X.)
| | - Hui Ji
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.W.); (J.Z.); (H.J.); (Y.X.); (Q.X.)
| | - Yitong Xu
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.W.); (J.Z.); (H.J.); (Y.X.); (Q.X.)
| | - Qingfeng Xu
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.W.); (J.Z.); (H.J.); (Y.X.); (Q.X.)
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yujian Liu
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.W.); (J.Z.); (H.J.); (Y.X.); (Q.X.)
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10
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Shapanis A, Jones MG, Schofield J, Skipp P. Topological data analysis identifies molecular phenotypes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax 2023; 78:682-689. [PMID: 36808085 PMCID: PMC10314053 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a debilitating, progressive disease with a median survival time of 3-5 years. Diagnosis remains challenging and disease progression varies greatly, suggesting the possibility of distinct subphenotypes. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed publicly available peripheral blood mononuclear cell expression datasets for 219 IPF, 411 asthma, 362 tuberculosis, 151 healthy, 92 HIV and 83 other disease samples, totalling 1318 patients. We integrated the datasets and split them into train (n=871) and test (n=477) cohorts to investigate the utility of a machine learning model (support vector machine) for predicting IPF. A panel of 44 genes predicted IPF in a background of healthy, tuberculosis, HIV and asthma with an area under the curve of 0.9464, corresponding to a sensitivity of 0.865 and a specificity of 0.89. We then applied topological data analysis to investigate the possibility of subphenotypes within IPF. We identified five molecular subphenotypes of IPF, one of which corresponded to a phenotype enriched for death/transplant. The subphenotypes were molecularly characterised using bioinformatic and pathway analysis tools identifying distinct subphenotype features including one which suggests an extrapulmonary or systemic fibrotic disease. CONCLUSIONS Integration of multiple datasets, from the same tissue, enabled the development of a model to accurately predict IPF using a panel of 44 genes. Furthermore, topological data analysis identified distinct subphenotypes of patients with IPF which were defined by differences in molecular pathobiology and clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Shapanis
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Mark G Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Paul Skipp
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
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11
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Yang C, Wang G, Zhan W, Wang Y, Feng J. The identification of metabolism-related subtypes and potential treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1173961. [PMID: 37274115 PMCID: PMC10232787 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1173961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is caused by aberrant repair because of alveolar epithelial injury and can only be effectively treated with several compounds. Several metabolism-related biomolecular processes were found to be involved in IPF. We aimed to identify IPF subtypes based on metabolism-related pathways and explore potential drugs for each subtype. Methods: Gene profiles and clinical information were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE70867 and GSE93606). The enrichment scores for 41 metabolism-related pathways, immune cells, and immune pathways were calculated using the Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) package. The ConsensusClusterPlus package was used to cluster samples. Novel modules and hub genes were identified using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves were plotted, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were performed to evaluate the model in the training and validation cohorts. A connectivity map was used as a drug probe. Results: Two subtypes with significant differences in prognosis were identified based on the metabolism-related pathways. Subtype C1 had a poor prognosis, low metabolic levels, and a unique immune signature. CDS2, LCLAT1, GPD1L, AGPAT1, ALDH3A1, LAP3, ADH5, AHCYL2, and MDH1 were used to distinguish between the two subtypes. Finally, subtype-specific drugs, which can potentially treat IPF, were identified. Conclusion: The aberrant activation of metabolism-related pathways contributes to differential prognoses in patients with IPF. Collectively, our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into subtyping IPF based on the metabolism-related pathway and potential treatments, which would help clinicians provide subtype-specific individualized therapeutic management to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Yang
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guixin Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyu Zhan
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yubao Wang
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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12
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Elajaili H, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Harris P, Sparagna GC, Jonscher R, Ohlstrom D, Sucharov CC, Bowler RP, Suliman H, Fritz KS, Roede JR, Nozik ES. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) R213G variant reduces mitochondrial ROS and preserves mitochondrial function in bleomycin-induced lung injury: EC-SOD R213G variant and intracellular redox regulation. ADVANCES IN REDOX RESEARCH 2022; 5:100035. [PMID: 38273965 PMCID: PMC10810244 DOI: 10.1016/j.arres.2022.100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is highly expressed in the lung and vasculature. A common human single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the matrix binding region of EC-SOD leads to a single amino acid substitution, R213G, and alters EC-SOD tissue binding affinity. The change in tissue binding affinity redistributes EC-SOD from tissue to extracellular fluids. Mice (R213G mice) expressing a knock-in of this EC-SOD SNP exhibit elevated plasma and reduced lung EC-SOD content and activity and are protected against bleomycin-induced lung injury and inflammation. It is unknown how the redistribution of EC-SOD alters site-specific redox-regulated molecules relevant for protection. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the change in the local EC-SOD content would influence not only the extracellular redox microenvironment where EC-SOD is localized but also protect the intracellular redox status of the lung. Mice were treated with bleomycin and harvested 7 days post-treatment. Superoxide levels, measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), were lower in plasma and Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells in R213G mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice, while lung cellular superoxide levels in R213G mice were not elevated post-bleomycin compared to WT mice despite low lung EC-SOD levels. Lung glutathione redox potential (EhGSSG), determined by HPLC and fluorescence, was more oxidized in WT compared to R213G mice. In R213G mice, lung mitochondrial oxidative stress was reduced shown by mitochondrial superoxide level measured by EPR in lung and the resistance to bleomycin-induced cardiolipin oxidation. Bleomycin treatment suppressed mitochondrial respiration in WT mice. Mitochondrial function was impaired at baseline in R213G mice but did not exhibit further suppression in respiration post-bleomycin. Collectively, the results indicate that R213G variant preserves intracellular redox state and protects mitochondrial function in the setting of bleomycin-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Elajaili
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter Harris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Genevieve C. Sparagna
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Raleigh Jonscher
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Denis Ohlstrom
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carmen C. Sucharov
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Hagir Suliman
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kristofer S. Fritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James R. Roede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eva S. Nozik
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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13
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Kiselev IS, Kulakova OG, Danilova LV, Baturina OA, Kabilov MR, Popova EV, Boyko AN, Favorova OO. Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Cd4+ T Lymphocytes of Patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Indicates Involvement of This Epigenetic Process in the Disease Immunopathogenesis. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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He J, Li X. Identification and Validation of Aging-Related Genes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Genet 2022; 13:780010. [PMID: 35211155 PMCID: PMC8863089 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.780010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this study, we aimed to identify and verify potential aging-associated genes involved in IPF using bioinformatic analysis. The mRNA expression profile dataset GSE150910 available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and R software were used to identify the differentially expressed aging-related genes involved in IPF. Hub gene expression was validated by other GEO datasets. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed on differentially expressed aging-related genes. Subsequently, aging-related genes were further screened using three techniques (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, support vector machine, and random forest), and the receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted based on screening results. Finally, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to verify the RNA expression of the six differentially expressed aging-related genes using the blood samples of patients with IPF and healthy individuals. Sixteen differentially expressed aging-related genes were detected, of which the expression of 12 were upregulated and four were downregulated. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated the presence of several enriched terms related to senescence and apoptotic mitochondrial changes. Further screening by LASSO regression, support vector machine, and random forest identified six genes (IGF1, RET, IGFBP2, CDKN2A, JUN, and TFAP2A) that could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for IPF. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis indicated that among the above-mentioned six aging-related genes, only the expression levels of IGF1, RET, and IGFBP2 in patients with IPF and healthy individuals were consistent with the results of bioinformatic analysis. In conclusion, bioinformatics analysis identified 16 potential aging-related genes associated with IPF, and clinical sample validation suggested that among these, IGF1, RET, and IGFBP2 might play a role in the incidence and prognosis of IPF. Our findings may help understand the pathogenesis of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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15
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Qualitative and Quantitative Effects of Fatty Acids Involved in Heart Diseases. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030210. [PMID: 35323653 PMCID: PMC8950543 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) have structural and functional diversity. FAs in the heart are closely associated with cardiac function, and their qualitative or quantitative abnormalities lead to the onset and progression of cardiac disease. FAs are important as an energy substrate for the heart, but when in excess, they exhibit cardio-lipotoxicity that causes cardiac dysfunction or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. FAs also play a role as part of phospholipids that compose cell membranes, and the changes in mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin and the FA composition of plasma membrane phospholipids affect cardiomyocyte survival. In addition, FA metabolites exert a wide variety of bioactivities in the heart as lipid mediators. Recent advances in measurement using mass spectrometry have identified trace amounts of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)-derived bioactive metabolites associated with heart disease. n-3 PUFAs have a variety of cardioprotective effects and have been shown in clinical trials to be effective in cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure. This review outlines the contributions of FAs to cardiac function and pathogenesis of heart diseases from the perspective of three major roles and proposes therapeutic applications and new medical perspectives of FAs represented by n-3 PUFAs.
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16
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Valentine WJ, Yanagida K, Kawana H, Kono N, Noda NN, Aoki J, Shindou H. Update and nomenclature proposal for mammalian lysophospholipid acyltransferases which create membrane phospholipid diversity. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101470. [PMID: 34890643 PMCID: PMC8753187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of glycerophospholipid species in cellular membranes is immense and affects various biological functions. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) and lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), in concert with phospholipase A1/2s enzymes, contribute to this diversity via selective esterification of fatty acyl chains at the sn-1 or sn-2 positions of membrane phospholipids. These enzymes are conserved across all kingdoms, and in mammals four GPATs of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) family and at least 14 LPLATs, either of the AGPAT or the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) families, have been identified. Here we provide an overview of the biochemical and biological activities of these mammalian enzymes, including their predicted structures, involvements in human diseases, and essential physiological roles as revealed by gene-deficient mice. Recently, the nomenclature used to refer to these enzymes has generated some confusion due to the use of multiple names to refer to the same enzyme and instances of the same name being used to refer to completely different enzymes. Thus, this review proposes a more uniform LPLAT enzyme nomenclature, as well as providing an update of recent advances made in the study of LPLATs, continuing from our JBC mini review in 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Valentine
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yanagida
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawana
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuo N Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipid Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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17
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Role of Lysocardiolipin Acyltransferase in Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Epithelial Cell Mitochondrial ROS, Mitochondrial Dynamics, and Apoptosis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 80:203-216. [PMID: 34724158 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is the primary cause of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD). Cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced oxidative damage of the lungs results in mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of epithelium. Mitochondrial cardiolipin (CL) present in the inner mitochondrial membrane plays an important role in mitochondrial function, wherein its fatty acid composition is regulated by lysocardiolipin acyltransferase (LYCAT). In this study, we investigated the role of LYCAT expression and activity in mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial dynamics, and lung epithelial cell apoptosis. LYCAT expression was increased in human lung specimens from smokers, and cigarette smoke-exposed-mouse lung tissues. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) increased LYCAT mRNA levels and protein expression, modulated cardiolipin fatty acid composition, and enhanced mitochondrial fission in the bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B in vitro. Inhibition of LYCAT activity with a peptide mimetic, attenuated CSE-mediated mitochondrial (mt) reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial fragmentation, and apoptosis, while MitoTEMPO attenuated CSE-induced MitoROS, mitochondrial fission and apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that increased LYCAT expression promotes MitoROS, mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis of lung epithelial cells. Given the key role of LYCAT in mitochondrial cardiolipin remodeling and function, strategies aimed at inhibiting LYCAT activity and ROS may offer an innovative approach to minimize lung inflammation caused by cigarette smoke.
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18
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Abstract
An overview of Prof. Viswanathan Natarajan's journey in academia as a mentor, teacher, and lipid scientist for nearly 50 years is presented. As a graduate student, Dr. Natarajan interrogated biosynthesis and catabolism of phospholipids in the developing brain; however, in the last five decades, he has been investigating the role of sphingolipids and sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes in pulmonary endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts under normal conditions and during various lung pathologies such as sepsis, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and lung cancer. His recent work on sphingosine-1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid metabolism in pre-clinical animal models has identified small molecule inhibitors in the signaling pathways that could have therapeutic potential in ameliorating pulmonary fibrosis, hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Future research in bioactive lipids in combination with OMICS should unravel the importance of various lipid mediators as modulators of cell function under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Natarajan
- Departments of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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19
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Zhao LJ, Zhao HY, Wei XL, Guo FF, Wei JY, Wang HJ, Yang J, Yang ZG, Si N, Bian BL. The lipid homeostasis regulation study of arenobufagin in zebrafish HepG2 xenograft model and HepG2 cells using integrated lipidomics-proteomics approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:112943. [PMID: 32422359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Arenobufagin (ArBu) is an important anti-tumor ingredient of Chan'su which has long been used as traditional Chinese medicine in clinic for tumor therapy in China. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of our study is to investigate the lipid homeostasis regulation effects of ArBu on zebrafish model of liver cancer and hepatoma cells, and to provide a reference for further clarifying its active mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The zebrafish xenograft model was established by injecting HepG2 cells stained with CM-Dil red fluorescent dye. Both the xenograft model and HepG2 cells were used to evaluate the anti-hepatoma activity of ArBu. High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was the main method to study lipidomics, proteomics and the semiquantification of endogenous metabolites. Bioinformatics was used as an assistant tool to further explore the antitumor mechanism of ArBu. RESULTS The lipidomics analysis revealed that ArBu caused differential lipids changes in a dose-dependent manner, including PCs, PEs, TGs, SMs, DGs, Cer and PA. PCs, PEs, SMs and TGs were markedly altered in both two models. The influence of glycerophospholipid metabolism was the major and commonly affected pathway. Notably, DGs and Cer were significantly changed only in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the proteomics research in HepG2 cells fished the target proteins related to lipid homeostasis abnormalities and tumor suppression. ArBu reduced the expression of 65 differential proteins associated with the lipid metabolism, apoptosis and autophagy, such as LCLAT1, STAT3, TSPO and RPS27. Meanwhile, 7 amino acids of 29 determined metabolites were significantly changed, including tyrosine, glutamate, glutamine, leucine, threonine, arginine and isoleucine. CONCLUSION ArBu has a significant anti-hepatoma effect in vitro and a therapeutic effect on zebrafish xenograft model. It regulated the lipid homeostasis. Activated SM synthase and arginine deiminase, inhibited sphingomyelinase, amino acid supply and JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway, and the affected glycerophospholipid metabolism might explain these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Hai-Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Xiao-Lu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Fei-Fei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Jun-Ying Wei
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Hong-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Yang
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
| | - Nan Si
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Bao-Lin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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20
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Huang LS, Kotha SR, Avasarala S, VanScoyk M, Winn RA, Pennathur A, Yashaswini PS, Bandela M, Salgia R, Tyurina YY, Kagan VE, Zhu X, Reddy SP, Sudhadevi T, Punathil-Kannan PK, Harijith A, Ramchandran R, Bikkavilli RK, Natarajan V. Lysocardiolipin acyltransferase regulates NSCLC cell proliferation and migration by modulating mitochondrial dynamics. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13393-13406. [PMID: 32732285 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysocardiolipin acyltransferase (LYCAT), a cardiolipin (CL)-remodeling enzyme, is crucial for maintaining normal mitochondrial function and vascular development. Despite the well-characterized role for LYCAT in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, its involvement in lung cancer, if any, remains incompletely understood. In this study, in silico analysis of TCGA lung cancer data sets revealed a significant increase in LYCAT expression, which was later corroborated in human lung cancer tissues and immortalized lung cancer cell lines via indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, respectively. Stable knockdown of LYCAT in NSCLC cell lines not only reduced CL and increased monolyso-CL levels but also reduced in vivo tumor growth, as determined by xenograft studies in athymic nude mice. Furthermore, blocking LYCAT activity using a LYCAT mimetic peptide attenuated cell migration, suggesting a novel role for LYCAT activity in promoting NSCLC. Mechanistically, the pro-proliferative effects of LYCAT were mediated by an increase in mitochondrial fusion and a G1/S cell cycle transition, both of which are linked to increased cell proliferation. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel role for LYCAT in promoting NSCLC and suggest that targeting LYCAT expression or activity in NSCLC may provide new avenues for the therapeutic treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shuang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sainath R Kotha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Michelle VanScoyk
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert A Winn
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Arjun Pennathur
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Mounica Bandela
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, I. M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sekhar P Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tara Sudhadevi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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21
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Abstract
For infectious-disease outbreaks, clinical solutions typically focus on efficient pathogen destruction. However, the COVID-19 pandemic provides a reminder that infectious diseases are complex, multisystem conditions, and a holistic understanding will be necessary to maximize survival. For COVID-19 and all other infectious diseases, metabolic processes are intimately connected to the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and the resulting pathology and pathophysiology, as well as the host defence response to the infection. Here, I examine the relationship between metabolism and COVID-19. I discuss why preexisting metabolic abnormalities, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension, may be important risk factors for severe and critical cases of infection, highlighting parallels between the pathophysiology of these metabolic abnormalities and the disease course of COVID-19. I also discuss how metabolism at the cellular, tissue and organ levels might be harnessed to promote defence against the infection, with a focus on disease-tolerance mechanisms, and speculate on the long-term metabolic consequences for survivors of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle S Ayres
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Laboratory, Gene Expression Laboratory, NOMIS Center for Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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22
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Lipid Mediators Regulate Pulmonary Fibrosis: Potential Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124257. [PMID: 32549377 PMCID: PMC7352853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease of unknown etiology characterized by distorted distal lung architecture, inflammation, and fibrosis. The molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of IPF are incompletely defined. Several lung cell types including alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts, monocyte-derived macrophages, and endothelial cells have been implicated in the development and progression of fibrosis. Regardless of the cell types involved, changes in gene expression, disrupted glycolysis, and mitochondrial oxidation, dysregulated protein folding, and altered phospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism result in activation of myofibroblast, deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, remodeling of lung architecture and fibrosis. Lipid mediators derived from phospholipids, sphingolipids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and have been described to exhibit pro- and anti-fibrotic effects in IPF and in preclinical animal models of lung fibrosis. This review describes the current understanding of the role and signaling pathways of prostanoids, lysophospholipids, and sphingolipids and their metabolizing enzymes in the development of lung fibrosis. Further, several of the lipid mediators and enzymes involved in their metabolism are therapeutic targets for drug development to treat IPF.
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Miyamoto S, Zhang G, Hall D, Oates PJ, Maity S, Madesh M, Han X, Sharma K. Restoring mitochondrial superoxide levels with elamipretide (MTP-131) protects db/db mice against progression of diabetic kidney disease. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7249-7260. [PMID: 32277051 PMCID: PMC7247302 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic hyperglycemia because of diabetes mellitus can lead to development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We recently reported that reduced superoxide production is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidneys of mouse models of type 1 DKD. We also demonstrated that humans with DKD have significantly reduced levels of mitochondrion-derived metabolites in their urine. Here we examined renal superoxide production in a type 2 diabetes animal model, the db/db mouse, and the role of a mitochondrial protectant, MTP-131 (also called elamipretide, SS-31, or Bendavia) in restoring renal superoxide production and ameliorating DKD. We found that 18-week-old db/db mice have reduced renal and cardiac superoxide levels, as measured by dihydroethidium oxidation, and increased levels of albuminuria, mesangial matrix accumulation, and urinary H2O2 Administration of MTP-131 significantly inhibited increases in albuminuria, urinary H2O2, and mesangial matrix accumulation in db/db mice and fully preserved levels of renal superoxide production in these mice. MTP-131 also reduced total renal lysocardiolipin and major lysocardiolipin subspecies and preserved lysocardiolipin acyltransferase 1 expression in db/db mice. These results indicate that, in type 2 diabetes, DKD is associated with reduced renal and cardiac superoxide levels and that MTP-131 protects against DKD and preserves physiological superoxide levels, possibly by regulating cardiolipin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Miyamoto
- Center for Renal Translational Medicine, Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Guanshi Zhang
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - David Hall
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Peter J Oates
- Oates Biomedical Consulting, LLC, Old Lyme, Connecticut 06371
| | - Soumya Maity
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Xianlin Han
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229.
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Summer R, Mora AL. Lipid Metabolism: A New Player in the Conundrum of Lung Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:669-670. [PMID: 31499006 PMCID: PMC6890398 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0098ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Summer
- Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory InstituteThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, Pennsylvaniaand
| | - Ana L Mora
- Aging InstituteDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Tsubouchi K, Araya J, Yoshida M, Sakamoto T, Koumura T, Minagawa S, Hara H, Hosaka Y, Ichikawa A, Saito N, Kadota T, Kurita Y, Kobayashi K, Ito S, Fujita Y, Utsumi H, Hashimoto M, Wakui H, Numata T, Kaneko Y, Mori S, Asano H, Matsudaira H, Ohtsuka T, Nakayama K, Nakanishi Y, Imai H, Kuwano K. Involvement of GPx4-Regulated Lipid Peroxidation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Pathogenesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2076-2087. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sun S, Wu C, Yang C, Chen J, Wang X, Nan Y, Huang Z, Ma L. Prognostic roles of mitochondrial transcription termination factors in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3453-3462. [PMID: 31516563 PMCID: PMC6732965 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial transcription termination factors (MTERFs) regulate mitochondrial gene transcription and metabolism in numerous types of cells. Previous studies have indicated that MTERFs serve pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of various cancer types. However, the expression and prognostic roles of MTERFs in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain elusive. The present study investigated the gene alteration frequency and expression level using Gene Expression Omnibus datasets and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and evaluated the prognostic roles of MTERFs in patients with NSCLC using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. In human lung cancer tissues, it was observed that the mRNA levels of MTERF1, 2, 3 and 4 were positively associated with the copy number of these genes. The mRNA expression levels of MTERF1 and 3 were significantly increased in NSCLC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues; however, the mRNA expression of MTERF2 was significantly decreased in NSCLC tissues. High mRNA expression levels of MTERF1, 2, 3 and 4 were strongly associated with an improved overall survival rate (OS) in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Additionally, high mRNA expression levels of MTERF1, 2, 3 and 4 were also strongly associated with an improved OS of patients with NSCLC in the earlier stages of disease (stage I) or patients with negative surgical margins. These results indicate the critical prognostic values of MTERF expression levels in NSCLC. The findings of the present study may be beneficial for understanding the molecular biology mechanism of NSCLC and for generating effective therapeutic approaches for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Sun
- Department of Radiology, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Chunjiao Wu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Changliang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yingji Nan
- Department of Radiology, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Huang
- Department of Radiology, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Ma
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
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Loss of stretch-activated channels, PIEZOs, accelerates non-small cell lung cancer progression and cell migration. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181679. [PMID: 30745454 PMCID: PMC6430724 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PIEZO channels are stretch-activated channels involved in wound sealing and cell proliferation in many cell types. A recent study focussing on lung cancer (LC), using next-generation sequencing analysis, has indicated that PIEZO functions were implicated in LC development. However, the expression and role of PIEZO channels in non-small cell LC (NSCLC) progression require elucidation. In the current study, we investigated the gene expression and alteration frequency in human NSCLC tissue, accessed the prognostic roles of PIEZO channels in NSCLC patients, and further studied the effect of PIEZOs in NSCLC cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo. The mRNA expression of PIEZO1 and 2 was clearly decreased in NSCLC tumor tissue compared with that in matched adjacent non-tumor tissue. In human NSCLC tissues, PIEZO1 gene expression exhibits a highly deep deletion rate, and PIEZO2 mainly exhibits mutation in gene expression. High mRNA expression of PIEZO channels was found to correlate with better overall survival (OS) for NSCLC patients, especially for patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), but not for patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). The prognostic role of PIEZO channels was more sensitive in female patients than male patients, and more sensitive in patients at earlier stages than patients at latter stages. Knockdown of PIEZO1 or PIEZO2 in NSCLC cells significantly promoted cell migration in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. These results indicate the critical prognostic values of the PIEZO channels in NSCLC. This information will be beneficial to understand the pathological mechanism of NSCLC and to generate effective therapeutic approaches for NSCLC patients.
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An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report: Obesity and Metabolism. An Emerging Frontier in Lung Health and Disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 14:1050-1059. [PMID: 28570148 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201703-263ws] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is in the midst of an unprecedented epidemic of obesity. This epidemic has changed the presentation and etiology of common diseases. For example, steatohepatitis, directly attributable to obesity, is now the most common cause of cirrhosis in the United States. Type 2 diabetes is increasingly being diagnosed in children. Pulmonary researchers and clinicians are just beginning to appreciate the impact of obesity and altered metabolism on common pulmonary diseases. Obesity has recently been identified as a major risk factor for the development of asthma and for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Obesity is associated with profound changes in pulmonary physiology, the development of pulmonary hypertension, sleep-disordered breathing, and altered susceptibility to pulmonary infection. In short, obesity is leading to dramatic changes in lung health and disease. Simultaneously, the rapidly developing field of metabolism, including mitochondrial function, is shifting the paradigms by which the pathophysiology of many pulmonary diseases is understood. Altered metabolism can lead to profound changes in both innate and adaptive immunity, as well as the function of structural cells. To address this emerging field, a 3-day meeting on obesity, metabolism, and lung disease was convened in October 2015 to discuss recent findings, foster research initiatives, and ultimately guide clinical care. The major findings arising from this meeting are reported in this document.
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Migalovich Sheikhet H, Villacorta Hidalgo J, Fisch P, Balbir-Gurman A, Braun-Moscovici Y, Bank I. Dysregulated CD25 and Cytokine Expression by γδ T Cells of Systemic Sclerosis Patients Stimulated With Cardiolipin and Zoledronate. Front Immunol 2018; 9:753. [PMID: 29706966 PMCID: PMC5909681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives γδ T cells, a non-conventional innate lymphocyte subset containing cells that can be activated by lipids and phosphoantigens, are abnormally regulated in systemic sclerosis (SSc). To further evaluate the significance of this dysregulation, we compared how exposure to an autoantigenic lipid, cardiolipin (CL), during co-stimulation with an amino-bisphosphonate (zoledronate, zol), affects the activation and cytokine production of SSc and healthy control (HC) γδ T cells. Methods Expression of CD25 on Vγ9+, Vδ1+, and total CD3+ T cells in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), their binding of CD1d tetramers, and the effect of monoclonal antibody (mAb) blockade of CD1d were monitored by flow cytometry after 4 days of in vitro culture. Intracellular production of IFNγ and IL-4 was assessed after overnight culture. Results Percentages of CD25+ among CD3+ and Vδ1+ T cells were elevated significantly in short-term cultured SSc PBMC compared to HC. In SSc but not HC, CL and zol, respectively, suppressed %CD25+ Vγ9+ and Vδ1+ T cells but, when combined, CL + zol significantly activated both subsets in HC and partially reversed inhibition by the individual reagents in SSc. Importantly, Vδ1+ T cells in both SSc and HC were highly reactive with lipid presenting CD1d tetramers, and a CD1d-blocking mAb decreased CL-induced enhancement of %SSc CD25+ Vδ1+ T cells in the presence of zol. %IFNγ+ cells among Vγ9+ T cells of SSc was lower than HC cultured in medium, CL, zol, or CL + zol, whereas %IFNγ+ Vδ1+ T cells was lower only in the presence of CL or CL + zol. %IL-4+ T cells were similar in SSc and HC in all conditions, with the exception of being increased in SSc Vγ9+ T cells in the presence of CL. Conclusion Abnormal functional responses of γδ T cell subsets to stimulation by CL and phosphoantigens in SSc may contribute to fibrosis and immunosuppression, characteristics of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Fisch
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Balbir-Gurman
- B. Shine Rheumatology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus and The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yolanda Braun-Moscovici
- B. Shine Rheumatology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus and The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ilan Bank
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Rheumatology Unit, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Vukmirovic M, Kaminski N. Impact of Transcriptomics on Our Understanding of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:87. [PMID: 29670881 PMCID: PMC5894436 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal fibrotic lung disease characterized by aberrant remodeling of the lung parenchyma with extensive changes to the phenotypes of all lung resident cells. The introduction of transcriptomics, genome scale profiling of thousands of RNA transcripts, caused a significant inversion in IPF research. Instead of generating hypotheses based on animal models of disease, or biological plausibility, with limited validation in humans, investigators were able to generate hypotheses based on unbiased molecular analysis of human samples and then use animal models of disease to test their hypotheses. In this review, we describe the insights made from transcriptomic analysis of human IPF samples. We describe how transcriptomic studies led to identification of novel genes and pathways involved in the human IPF lung such as: matrix metalloproteinases, WNT pathway, epithelial genes, role of microRNAs among others, as well as conceptual insights such as the involvement of developmental pathways and deep shifts in epithelial and fibroblast phenotypes. The impact of lung and transcriptomic studies on disease classification, endotype discovery, and reproducible biomarkers is also described in detail. Despite these impressive achievements, the impact of transcriptomic studies has been limited because they analyzed bulk tissue and did not address the cellular and spatial heterogeneity of the IPF lung. We discuss new emerging technologies and applications, such as single-cell RNAseq and microenvironment analysis that may address cellular and spatial heterogeneity. We end by making the point that most current tissue collections and resources are not amenable to analysis using the novel technologies. To take advantage of the new opportunities, we need new efforts of sample collections, this time focused on access to all the microenvironments and cells in the IPF lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Vukmirovic
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Precision Pulmonary Medicine Center (P2MED), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Precision Pulmonary Medicine Center (P2MED), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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31
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Gao Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Liu B, Liu H, Li R, Lv C, Song X. Regulation of TERRA on telomeric and mitochondrial functions in IPF pathogenesis. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:163. [PMID: 29197377 PMCID: PMC5712138 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is a known risk factor of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the effects of advanced aging remain largely unknown. Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) represents a type of long noncoding RNA. In this study, the regulatory roles of TERRA on human telomeres and mitochondria and IPF epithelial injury model were identified. METHODS Blood samples were collected from patients with IPF (n = 24) and matched control individuals (n = 24). The significance of clinical research on the TERRA expression correlated with pulmonary fibrosis was assessed. The expression levels of TERRA in vivo and in vitro were determined through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Telomerase activity was observed using a fluorescent quantitative TRAP assay kit. The functions of telomeres, mitochondria, and associated genes were analyzed through RNA interference on TERRA. RESULTS TERRA expression levels significantly increased in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of IPF patients. The expression levels also exhibited a direct and significantly inverse correlation with the percentage of predicted force vital capacity, which is a physiological indicator of fibrogenesis during IPF progression. This finding was confirmed in the epithelial injury model of IPF in vitro. RNA interference on TERRA expression can ameliorate the functions of telomeres; mitochondria; associated genes; components associated with telomeres, such as telomerase reverse transcriptase, telomerase, and cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1; and mitochondria-associated cyclin E genes, including the MMP and Bcl-2 family. The RNA interference on TERRA expression can also improve the functions of oxidative-stress-associated genes, such as reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, and apoptosis-related genes, such as cytochrome c, caspase-9, and caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the regulation of TERRA expression on telomeres and mitochondria during IPF pathogenesis was identified for the first time. The results may provide valuable insights for the discovery of a novel biomarker or therapeutic approach for IPF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Gao
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346, Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai City, 264003 China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346, Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai City, 264003 China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346, Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai City, 264003 China
| | - Songzi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271016 China
| | - Youlei Wang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346, Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai City, 264003 China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256602 China
| | - Huizhu Liu
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346, Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai City, 264003 China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256602 China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346, Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai City, 264003 China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256602 China
| | - Xiaodong Song
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346, Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai City, 264003 China
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Huang LS, Jiang P, Feghali-Bostwick C, Reddy SP, Garcia JGN, Natarajan V. Lysocardiolipin acyltransferase regulates TGF-β mediated lung fibroblast differentiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:162-173. [PMID: 28751023 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lysocardiolipin acyltransferase (LYCAT), a cardiolipin remodeling enzyme, plays a key role in mitochondrial function and vascular development. We previously reported that reduced LYCAT mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlated with poor pulmonary function outcomes and decreased survival in IPF patients. Further LYCAT overexpression reduced lung fibrosis, and LYCAT knockdown accentuated experimental pulmonary fibrosis. NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression and oxidative stress are known to contribute to lung fibroblast differentiation and progression of fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the role of LYCAT in TGF-β mediated differentiation of human lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and whether this occurred through mitochondrial superoxide and NOX4 mediated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation. Our data indicated that LYCAT expression was up-regulated in primary lung fibroblasts isolated from IPF patients and bleomycin-challenged mice, compared to controls. In vitro, siRNA-mediated SMAD3 depletion inhibited TGF-β stimulated LYCAT expression in human lung fibroblasts. ChIP immunoprecipitation assay revealed TGF-β stimulated SMAD2/3 binding to the endogenous LYCAT promoter, and mutation of the SMAD2/3 binding sites (-179/-183 and -540/-544) reduced TGF-β-stimulated LYCAT promoter activity. Overexpression of LYCAT attenuated TGF-β-induced mitochondrial and intracellular oxidative stress, NOX4 expression and differentiation of human lung fibroblasts. Further, pretreatment with Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondrial superoxide scavenger, blocked TGF-β-induced mitochondrial superoxide, NOX4 expression and differentiation of human lung fibroblasts. Treatment of human lung fibroblast with NOX1/NOX4 inhibitor, GKT137831, also attenuated TGF-β induced fibroblast differentiation and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Collectively, these results suggest that LYCAT is a negative regulator of TGF-β-induced lung fibroblast differentiation by modulation of mitochondrial superoxide and NOX4 dependent H2O2 generation, and this may serve as a potential therapeutic target for human lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shuang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Peiyue Jiang
- Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Sekhar P Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Huang Z, Yang C, Sun S, Nan Y, Lang Z, Wang X, Zhao J, Liu Y. Heat Shock Protein 27, a Novel Regulator of Transforming Growth Factor β Induced Resistance to Cisplatin in A549 Cell. Pharmacology 2017; 100:283-291. [PMID: 28848138 DOI: 10.1159/000479320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the major causes of cancer morbidity and mortality around the world, and the resistance to cisplatin is a critical issue to chemotherapy in lung cancer patients. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signal pathway abnormality is widely observed in drug resistance during lung cancer chemotherapy. Here, we investigated the effects of heat-shock protein 27 (HSP27) in the TGF-β-induced cisplatin resistance in lung cancer cell. In this study, our results indicated that the mRNA and protein expression of HSP27 were significantly increased in human lung cancer tissues. TGF-β induced the mRNA and protein expression of HSP27 in human lung cancer cell (A549). Treatment of TGF-β-induced cisplatin resistance in A549 cell through blocking the cisplatin-induced apoptosis and cell death, which characterized as the increasing of cell viability and decreasing of PARP and caspase3 cleavage in the cisplatin-treated cell. Knockdown of SMAD3 attenuated the TGF-β-induced HSP27 expression and restored the TGF-β-induced cisplatin resistance in A549 cell. Additionally, the knockdown of HSP27 blocked TGF-β-induced cisplatin resistance via decreasing cell viability and increasing cell apoptosis in A549 cell. These data therefore suggested that HSP27 is critical to lung cancer progression and TGF-β-induced cisplatin resistance in human lung cancer cell, and may provide an effective clinical strategy in lung cancer patients with resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Huang
- Department of Radiology, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
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Wang G, Jiao H, Zheng JN, Sun X. HSP27 regulates TGF-β mediated lung fibroblast differentiation through the Smad3 and ERK pathways. Int J Mol Med 2016; 39:183-190. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
Despite major research efforts leading to the recent approval of pirfenidone and nintedanib, the dismal prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unchanged. The elaboration of international diagnostic criteria and disease stratification models based on clinical, physiological, radiological, and histopathological features has improved the accuracy of IPF diagnosis and prediction of mortality risk. Nevertheless, given the marked heterogeneity in clinical phenotype and the considerable overlap of IPF with other fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), about 10% of cases of pulmonary fibrosis remain unclassifiable. Moreover, currently available tools fail to detect early IPF, predict the highly variable course of the disease, and assess response to antifibrotic drugs. Recent advances in understanding the multiple interrelated pathogenic pathways underlying IPF have identified various molecular phenotypes resulting from complex interactions among genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, metabolic, and environmental factors. These different disease endotypes appear to confer variable susceptibility to the condition, differing risks of rapid progression, and, possibly, altered responses to therapy. The development and validation of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are necessary to enable a more precise and earlier diagnosis of IPF and to improve prediction of future disease behaviour. The availability of approved antifibrotic therapies together with potential new drugs currently under evaluation also highlights the need for biomarkers able to predict and assess treatment responsiveness, thereby allowing individualised treatment based on risk of progression and drug response. This approach of disease stratification and personalised medicine is already used in the routine management of many cancers and provides a potential road map for guiding clinical care in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Daccord
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Respiratory Medicine Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Toby M Maher
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Fibrosis Research Group, Imperial College, London, UK
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36
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Maher TM. Aerobic Glycolysis and the Warburg Effect. An Unexplored Realm in the Search for Fibrosis Therapies? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 192:1407-9. [PMID: 26669469 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201508-1699ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toby M Maher
- 1 National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit Royal Brompton Hospital London, United Kingdom.,2 National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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Froidure A, Joannes A, Mailleux AA, Crestani B. New targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: from inflammation and immunity to remodeling and repair. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2016. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2016.1171140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Mitochondria are a distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells. Best known for their critical function in energy production via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondria are essential for nutrient and oxygen sensing and for the regulation of critical cellular processes, including cell death and inflammation. Such diverse functional roles for organelles that were once thought to be simple may be attributed to their distinct heteroplasmic genome, exclusive maternal lineage of inheritance, and ability to generate signals to communicate with other cellular organelles. Mitochondria are now thought of as one of the cell's most sophisticated and dynamic responsive sensing systems. Specific signatures of mitochondrial dysfunction that are associated with disease pathogenesis and/or progression are becoming increasingly important. In particular, the centrality of mitochondria in the pathological processes and clinical phenotypes associated with a range of lung diseases is emerging. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the mitochondrial processes of lung cells will help to better define phenotypes and clinical manifestations associated with respiratory disease and to identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Zou C, Synan MJ, Li J, Xiong S, Manni ML, Liu Y, Chen BB, Zhao Y, Shiva S, Tyurina YY, Jiang J, Lee JS, Das S, Ray A, Ray P, Kagan VE, Mallampalli RK. LPS impairs oxygen utilization in epithelia by triggering degradation of the mitochondrial enzyme Alcat1. J Cell Sci 2015; 129:51-64. [PMID: 26604221 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.176701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (also known as PDL6) is an indispensable lipid required for mitochondrial respiration that is generated through de novo synthesis and remodeling. Here, the cardiolipin remodeling enzyme, acyl-CoA:lysocardiolipin-acyltransferase-1 (Alcat1; SwissProt ID, Q6UWP7) is destabilized in epithelia by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) impairing mitochondrial function. Exposure to LPS selectively decreased levels of carbon 20 (C20)-containing cardiolipin molecular species, whereas the content of C18 or C16 species was not significantly altered, consistent with decreased levels of Alcat1. Alcat1 is a labile protein that is lysosomally degraded by the ubiquitin E3 ligase Skp-Cullin-F-box containing the Fbxo28 subunit (SCF-Fbxo28) that targets Alcat1 for monoubiquitylation at residue K183. Interestingly, K183 is also an acetylation-acceptor site, and acetylation conferred stability to the enzyme. Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) interacted with Alcat1, and expression of a plasmid encoding HDAC2 or treatment of cells with LPS deacetylated and destabilized Alcat1, whereas treatment of cells with a pan-HDAC inhibitor increased Alcat1 levels. Alcat1 degradation was partially abrogated in LPS-treated cells that had been silenced for HDAC2 or treated with MLN4924, an inhibitor of Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases. Thus, LPS increases HDAC2-mediated Alcat1 deacetylation and facilitates SCF-Fbxo28-mediated disposal of Alcat1, thus impairing mitochondrial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbin Zou
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Matthew J Synan
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sheng Xiong
- Institute of Biomedicine & National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Michelle L Manni
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bill B Chen
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jianfei Jiang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Janet S Lee
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sudipta Das
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Prabir Ray
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Medical Specialty Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
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40
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Belloli EA, Martinez FJ, Flaherty KR. Update in Interstitial Lung Disease 2014. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:538-43. [PMID: 26561676 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201504-0768up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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41
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Mathew B, Takekoshi D, Sammani S, Epshtein Y, Sharma R, Smith BD, Mitra S, Desai AA, Weichselbaum RR, Garcia JGN, Jacobson JR. Role of GADD45a in murine models of radiation- and bleomycin-induced lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1420-9. [PMID: 26498248 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00146.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported protective effects of GADD45a (growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 45 alpha) in murine ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) via effects on Akt-mediated endothelial cell signaling. In the present study we investigated the role of GADD45a in separate murine models of radiation- and bleomycin-induced lung injury. Initial studies of wild-type mice subjected to single-dose thoracic radiation (10 Gy) confirmed a significant increase in lung GADD45a expression within 24 h and persistent at 6 wk. Mice deficient in GADD45a (GADD45a(-/-)) demonstrated increased susceptibility to radiation-induced lung injury (RILI, 10 Gy) evidenced by increased bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid total cell counts, protein and albumin levels, and levels of inflammatory cytokines compared with RILI-challenged wild-type animals at 2 and 4 wk. Furthermore, GADD45a(-/-) mice had decreased total and phosphorylated lung Akt levels both at baseline and 6 wk after RILI challenge relative to wild-type mice while increased RILI susceptibility was observed in both Akt(+/-) mice and mice treated with an Akt inhibitor beginning 1 wk prior to irradiation. Additionally, overexpression of a constitutively active Akt1 transgene reversed RILI-susceptibility in GADD45a(-/-) mice. In separate studies, lung fibrotic changes 2 wk after treatment with bleomycin (0.25 U/kg IT) was significantly increased in GADD45a(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice assessed by lung collagen content and histology. These data implicate GADD45a as an important modulator of lung inflammatory responses across different injury models and highlight GADD45a-mediated signaling as a novel target in inflammatory lung injury clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biji Mathew
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daisuke Takekoshi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Saad Sammani
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yulia Epshtein
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rajesh Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brett D Smith
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Sumegha Mitra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Joe G N Garcia
- Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jeffrey R Jacobson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
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Sun X, Chen E, Dong R, Chen W, Hu Y. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 regulates differentiation of human and mouse lung fibroblasts mediated by TGF-β. Life Sci 2015; 122:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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43
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ZONG CHUANYUE, ZHANG XIANLONG, XIE YING, CHENG JIAWEN. Transforming growth factor-β inhibits IQ motif containing guanosine triphosphatase activating protein 1 expression in lung fibroblasts via the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2012; 12:442-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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