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Moneke I, Semmelmann A, Ogutur ED, Senbaklavaci O, Jungraithmayr W. Increased Donor Organ Size and Age is Associated with Reduced Survival in Female Lung Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2024:S0041-1345(24)00360-9. [PMID: 39048476 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organ selection in lung transplantation (LTx) is still controversial. We here analyze the impact of mismatches in size, age, and gender on early and long-term outcome after LTx. METHODS Retrospective analysis of donor and recipient characteristics of patients who underwent double LTx between March 2003 and December 2021. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and GraphPad software. RESULTS Two hundred three patients were included (94 women and 109 men). In the whole cohort, oversizing donor organs 10% to 20% compared to the recipients' predicted total lung capacity led to a decreased incidence of severe Primary Graft Dysfunction grades 2 and 3 (2/3; 15% vs 41%, P = .03), and further oversizing > 20% was associated with reduced long-term survival (hazard ratio, 2.33, P = .011). Analyzing donor and recipient age, we found that increased donor age correlated with reduced long-term survival (P = .013). In this cohort, female recipients received older organs (median 57 vs 46 years, P = .0003) and had a higher incidence of > 20% oversizing (13% vs 4%, P = .019) of donor lungs, which resulted in a significantly reduced long-term survival (P = .02) compared with male recipients. Median Lung Allocation Scores were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION Mismatch of donor age and size can be important for organ function and survival in LTx recipients. Particularly female recipients seem to have a higher risk for unfavorable long-term outcome when transplanting organs of increased size and age. Multicenter studies are warranted to further address this question. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER (DKRS): 00033312.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Moneke
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Axel Semmelmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ecem Deniz Ogutur
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oemer Senbaklavaci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Jungraithmayr
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Bayomy OF, Bradford MC, Milinic T, Kapnadak SG, Morrell ED, Lease ED, Goss CH, Ramos KJ. Lung Allocation Score Exceptions in Persons with Cystic Fibrosis Undergoing Lung Transplant. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2024; 21:271-278. [PMID: 37878995 PMCID: PMC10848912 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202306-509oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Lung transplantation can extend the lives of individuals with advanced cystic fibrosis (CF). Until March 2023, the Lung Allocation Score (LAS) was used in the United States to determine transplant priority. Certain clinical events or attributes ("risk events") that are not included in the LAS (e.g., massive hemoptysis) are relatively common and prognostically important in CF and may prompt an exception request to increase priority for donor lungs. The new Lung Composite Allocation Score (CAS) also allows for exceptions based on the same principles. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of LAS exceptions in persons with CF (PwCFs) listed for lung transplantation and assess whether LAS exceptions are associated with improved waitlist outcomes for PwCFs compared with similarly "at-risk" individuals without LAS exceptions. Methods: A merged dataset combining data from the CF Foundation Patient Registry and the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (2005-2019) was used to identify PwCFs listed for lung transplantation. We compared waitlist outcomes between PwCFs with a LAS exception versus those without an exception despite having a risk event. Risk events were defined as an episode of massive hemoptysis, pneumothorax, at least three moderate/severe pulmonary exacerbations, and/or a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second by ⩾30% predicted (absolute) in the prior 12 months. Analyses were performed using competing risk regression with time to transplantation as the primary outcome and death without a transplant as a competing risk. Results: Of 3,538 listings from 3,309 candidates, 2% of listings (n = 81) had at least one exception. Candidates with an exception and those with a risk event but no exception received lung transplants more slowly than people without an exception or risk event (subdistribution hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: LAS exception cohort, 0.66 [0.52-0.85]; risk event cohort without exceptions, 0.79 [0.72-0.86]). There was no difference between those with LAS exceptions and those at risk without LAS exceptions: subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.84 (0.66-1.08). Conclusions: LAS exceptions are rare in PwCFs listed for lung transplantation. LAS exceptions resulted in a similar time to transplantation for PwCFs compared with similarly at-risk individuals. As we enter the CAS era, these LAS-based results are pertinent to improve risk stratification among PwCFs being considered for lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar F. Bayomy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Miranda C. Bradford
- Core for Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Analytics in Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tijana Milinic
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Eric D. Morrell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Erika D. Lease
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Christopher H. Goss
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Kathleen J. Ramos
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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3
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Fleitas Sosa DC, Gayen S, Zheng M, Gangemi AJ, Zhao H, Kim V, Sehgal S, Criner GJ, Gupta R, Mamary AJ. Sarcoidosis lung transplantation waitlist mortality, a national registry database study. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00738-2022. [PMID: 37465560 PMCID: PMC10350678 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00738-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Lung Allocation Score (LAS) prioritises lung transplantation candidates, balancing waitlist mortality and post-transplant survival. The score groups sarcoidosis candidates based on mean pulmonary artery pressure: those with ≤30 mmHg (sarcoidosis A) are grouped with COPD and those with >30 mmHg (sarcoidosis D) with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We hypothesise that sarcoidosis candidates have a higher waitlist mortality than other candidates within their LAS grouping. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of consecutive lung transplantation candidates from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database from May 2005 to May 2019. We included candidates aged ≥18 years diagnosed with sarcoidosis, COPD or IPF. Univariate, multivariate and survival estimate analyses were performed. Results We identified 385 sarcoidosis A, 642 sarcoidosis D, 7081 COPD and 10 639 IPF lung transplantation candidates. 17.3% of sarcoidosis D, 14.8% of IPF, 14.3% of sarcoidosis A and 9.8% of COPD candidates died awaiting transplant. Sarcoidosis A was an independent risk factor for waitlist mortality. Sarcoidosis A had a lower waitlist survival probability compared to COPD. Sarcoidosis D had the highest waitlist mortality. IPF candidates had lower waitlist survival probability than sarcoidosis D in the first 60 days after listing. Conclusion Based on our results, the grouping of candidates with sarcoidosis in allocation systems should be revised to mitigate waitlist mortality disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derlis C. Fleitas Sosa
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to the preparation of this manuscript
| | - Shameek Gayen
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to the preparation of this manuscript
| | - Matthew Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Saint Luke, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Andrew J. Gangemi
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victor Kim
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sameep Sehgal
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gerard J. Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A. James Mamary
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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4
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Calhoun K, Smith J, Gray AL. Social and biologic determinants in lung transplant allocation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2023; 28:163-167. [PMID: 37073809 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lung transplant is a life-saving intervention for many with end-stage lung disease. As usable donor lungs are a limited resource and the risk of death on the waitlist is not uniform among candidates, organ allocation must consider many variables in order to be equitable. RECENT FINDINGS The lung allocation score (LAS) system, implemented in 2005, accounted for disease severity, risk of death without transplant, and 1-year survival estimates; however, recipient size, allosensitization, and blood type, biologic features that influence donor pool for a given recipient, do not impact allocation priority. Additionally, social determinants such as geography, socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity can impact the likelihood of receiving a transplant. This has resulted in certain groups being transplanted at lower rates and at higher risk of dying on the waitlist. In order to address these disparities, lung organ allocation in the United States transitioned to a continuous distribution system using the composite allocation score (CAS) on 9 March 2023. SUMMARY In this article, we will review some of the data demonstrating the impact that biologic and social determinants have had on lung allocation in order to provide background as to why these have been incorporated into the CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Calhoun
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
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5
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Greissman S, Anderson M, Dimango A, Grewal H, Magda G, Robbins H, Shah L, Costa J, Stanifer B, D'-Ovidio F, Juarez ML, Lemaitre P, Sonett J, Arcasoy S, Benvenuto L. Lung transplant waitlist outcomes among ABO blood groups vary based on disease severity. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:480-487. [PMID: 36464610 PMCID: PMC10123800 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood group O candidates have lower lung transplantation rates despite having the most common blood group. We postulated that waitlist outcomes among these candidates and those with other blood types vary with disease severity and lung allocation score (LAS). METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of 32,772 waitlist candidates using the United Network of Organ Sharing registry from May 2005 to 2020. After identifying an interaction between blood group and LAS, we evaluated the association between blood group and waitlist outcomes within LAS quartiles using unadjusted and adjusted competing risk models. RESULTS In the lowest LAS quartile, blood group O had a 20% reduced transplantation rate (SHR: 0.80, 95%CI: 0.75-0.85) and higher waitlist death/removal (1.33, 95%CI: 1.15-1.55) compared with group A. Blood group AB had a 52% higher transplantation rate (SHR: 1.52, 95%CI: 1.34-1.73) in the lowest LAS quartile compared with group A. In the highest LAS quartile, there was no difference in transplantation rates between groups O and A. In contrast, group B had a 19% reduced transplantation rate (SHR, 0.81 95%CI: 0.73-0.89) and AB had a 28% reduced transplantation rate (SHR: 0.72, 95%CI: 0.61-0.86) in the highest LAS quartile. Additionally, groups B and AB had increased risk of waitlist death/removal in the highest LAS quartile compared with A (SHR: 1.27, 95%CI: 1.08-1.48; SHR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.00-1.72). CONCLUSIONS Waitlist outcomes among ABO blood groups vary depending on illness severity, which is represented by LAS. Blood group O has lower transplantation rates at low LAS while groups B and AB have lower transplantation rates at high LAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Greissman
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Michaela Anderson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Angela Dimango
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Harpreet Grewal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Gabriela Magda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hilary Robbins
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Lori Shah
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Joseph Costa
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Bryan Stanifer
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Frank D'-Ovidio
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Miguel Leiva Juarez
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Philippe Lemaitre
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Joshua Sonett
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Selim Arcasoy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Luke Benvenuto
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
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6
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Sawinski D, Lai JC, Pinney S, Gray AL, Jackson AM, Stewart D, Levine DJ, Locke JE, Pomposelli JJ, Hartwig MG, Hall SA, Dadhania DM, Cogswell R, Perez RV, Schold JD, Turgeon NA, Kobashigawa J, Kukreja J, Magee JC, Friedewald J, Gill JS, Loor G, Heimbach JK, Verna EC, Walsh MN, Terrault N, Testa G, Diamond JM, Reese PP, Brown K, Orloff S, Farr MA, Olthoff KM, Siegler M, Ascher N, Feng S, Kaplan B, Pomfret E. Addressing sex-based disparities in solid organ transplantation in the United States - a conference report. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:316-325. [PMID: 36906294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation provides the best treatment for end-stage organ failure, but significant sex-based disparities in transplant access exist. On June 25, 2021, a virtual multidisciplinary conference was convened to address sex-based disparities in transplantation. Common themes contributing to sex-based disparities were noted across kidney, liver, heart, and lung transplantation, specifically the existence of barriers to referral and wait listing for women, the pitfalls of using serum creatinine, the issue of donor/recipient size mismatch, approaches to frailty and a higher prevalence of allosensitization among women. In addition, actionable solutions to improve access to transplantation were identified, including alterations to the current allocation system, surgical interventions on donor organs, and the incorporation of objective frailty metrics into the evaluation process. Key knowledge gaps and high-priority areas for future investigation were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Sawinski
- Weill Cornell Medicine - New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Jennifer C Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sean Pinney
- University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alice L Gray
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Annette M Jackson
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Department of Surgery, Durham, Carolina, USA
| | - Darren Stewart
- United Network for Organ Sharing, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Jayme E Locke
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James J Pomposelli
- Department of Surgery University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research and Education (CCTCARE), Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - Darshana M Dadhania
- Weill Cornell Medicine - New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca Cogswell
- University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard V Perez
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jesse D Schold
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Jon Kobashigawa
- Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jasleen Kukreja
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John C Magee
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John Friedewald
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - John S Gill
- Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gabriel Loor
- Baylor College of Medicine Lung Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth C Verna
- Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary Norine Walsh
- Ascension St Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Norah Terrault
- Keck Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Guiliano Testa
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua M Diamond
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter P Reese
- Division of Renal, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Susan Orloff
- Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Maryjane A Farr
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kim M Olthoff
- Department of Surgery, Penn Transplant Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark Siegler
- University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nancy Ascher
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sandy Feng
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bruce Kaplan
- Department of Surgery University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research and Education (CCTCARE), Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth Pomfret
- Department of Surgery University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research and Education (CCTCARE), Aurora, Colorado, USA
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7
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Gayen S, Sosa DF, Zheng M, Gangemi A, Sehgal S, Zhao H, Marchetti N, Criner GJ, Gupta R, Mamary AJ. Lung Transplantation Waitlist Mortality Among Sarcoidosis Patients by Lung Allocation Score Grouping. Transplant Proc 2023; 55:440-445. [PMID: 36797164 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Lung Allocation Score (LAS) system was designed to equalize and minimize waitlist mortality among candidiates for lung transplantation. The LAS stratifies sarcoidosis patients by mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) into group A (mPAP ≤30 mm Hg) and group D (mPAP >30 mm Hg). In this study, we aimed to analyze the effect of diagnostic grouping and patient characteristics on waitlist mortality among sarcoidosis patients. METHODS This was a retrospective review of sarcoidosis lung transplantation candidates since LAS implementation in May 2005 through May 2019 in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database. We compared baseline characteristics, LAS variables, and waitlist outcomes between sarcoidosis groups A and D. We performed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariable regression to determine associations with waitlist mortality. RESULTS We identified 1027 sarcoidosis candidates since LAS implementation. Of these, 385 had mPAP ≤30 mm Hg and 642 had mPAP >30 mm Hg. Waitlist mortality was 18% in sarcoidosis group D and 14% in sarcoidosis group A. Kaplan-Meier curve showed lower waitlist survival probability for sarcoidosis group D than group A (log-rank P = .0049). Functional status, oxygen requirement, and sarcoidosis group D were associated with increased waitlist mortality. Cardiac output ≥4 L/min was associated with decreased waitlist mortality. CONCLUSION Sarcoidosis group D had lower waitlist survival than group A. Decreased survival appears driven by mPAP; sarcoidosis group D, functional status, oxygen requirement, and cardiac output had significant associations with waitlist mortality. These findings suggest that the current LAS grouping does not adequately reflect the risk for waitlist mortality among sarcoidosis group D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shameek Gayen
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Derlis Fleitas Sosa
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Gangemi
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sameep Sehgal
- Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathaniel Marchetti
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - A James Mamary
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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8
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Gupta R, Zheng M, Gangemi AJ, Zhao H, Cordova FC, Criner GJ, Mamary AJ, Sehgal S. Predictors of lung transplant waitlist mortality for sarcoidosis. Respir Med 2022; 205:107008. [PMID: 36371932 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.107008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Unlike in other chronic lung diseases, criteria for lung transplant referral in sarcoidosis is not well-established. Waitlist mortality may offer clues in identifying clinical factors that warrant early referral. We aim to identify predictors for transplant waitlist mortality to improve referral criteria for patients with sarcoidosis. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1034 sarcoidosis patients listed for lung transplantation from May 2005 to May 2019 in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) database. All patients were listed after the establishment of the Lung Allocation Score (LAS). We compared patients who died on the transplant waitlist to those who survived to transplantation. Potential predictors of waitlist mortality were assessed utilizing univariate and multivariate analysis performed via logistic regression modeling. RESULTS Of 1034 candidates listed after LAS implementation, 704 were transplanted and 110 died on the waitlist. Significant predictors of waitlist mortality on multivariate analysis include female gender (OR 2.445; 95% CI 1.513-3.951; p = 0.0003) and severe pulmonary hypertension (OR 1.619; 95% CI 1.067-2.457; p = 0.0236). Taller minimum donor height (OR 0.606; 95% CI 0.379-0.969; p = 0.0365) and blood type B (OR 0.524; 95% CI 0.281-0.975 p = 0.0415) were associated with decreased likelihood of death on the waitlist. CONCLUSION Among patients with sarcoidosis on the lung transplant waitlist, taller minimum donor height and blood type B were found to be protective factors against death on the waitlist. Female gender and severe pulmonary hypertension have a higher likelihood of death and earlier referral for transplantation in patients with these characteristics should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gupta
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Pulmonary and Critical Care, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA.
| | - Andrew J Gangemi
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Francis C Cordova
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Albert J Mamary
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sameep Sehgal
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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9
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Chacon-Alberty L, Ye S, Daoud D, Frankel WC, Virk H, Mase J, Hochman-Mendez C, Li M, Sampaio LC, Taylor DA, Loor G. Analysis of sex-based differences in clinical and molecular responses to ischemia reperfusion after lung transplantation. Respir Res 2021; 22:318. [PMID: 34937545 PMCID: PMC8693497 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sex and hormones influence immune responses to ischemia reperfusion (IR) and could, therefore, cause sex-related differences in lung transplantation (LTx) outcomes. We compared men’s and women’s clinical and molecular responses to post-LTx IR.
Methods In 203 LTx patients, we used the 2016 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation guidelines to score primary graft dysfunction (PGD). In a subgroup of 40 patients with blood samples collected before LTx (T0) and 6, 24, 48 (T48), and 72 h (T72) after lung reperfusion, molecular response to IR was examined through serial analysis of circulating cytokine expression. Results After adjustment, women had less grade 3 PGD than men at T48, but not at T72. PGD grade decreased from T0 to T72 more often in women than men. The evolution of PGD (the difference in mean PGD between T72 and T0) was greater in men. However, the evolution of IL-2, IL-7, IL-17a, and basic fibroblast growth factor levels was more often sustained throughout the 72 h in women. In the full cohort, we noted no sex differences in secondary clinical outcomes, but women had significantly lower peak lactate levels than men across the 72 h. Conclusions Men and women differ in the evolution of PGD and cytokine secretion after LTx: Women have a more sustained proinflammatory response than men despite a greater reduction in PGD over time. This interaction between cytokine and PGD responses warrants investigation. Additionally, there may be important sex-related differences that could be used to tailor treatment during or after transplantation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-021-01900-y.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shengbin Ye
- Department of Biostatistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daoud Daoud
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Cardiopulmonary Transplantation and Center for Cardiac Support, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Ave, Suite 355-K, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William C Frankel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hassan Virk
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics (CARMiG), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Mase
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Meng Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luiz C Sampaio
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Doris A Taylor
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,RegenMedix Consulting, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel Loor
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Cardiopulmonary Transplantation and Center for Cardiac Support, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Ave, Suite 355-K, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiothoracic transplantation is the definitive therapy for end-stage heart and lung disease. In service to this population, disparities in access and care must be simultaneously understood and addressed. RECENT FINDINGS There are sex, race, geographic, age, and underlying disease disparities in both heart and lung transplantation. Women have reduced waitlist survival but improved posttransplant survival when compared with men for both heart and lung transplantation. Black patients have worse outcome compared with other races postheart transplant. Geographic disparities impact the likelihood of receiving heart or lung transplant and the growing number of patients with advanced age seeking transplant complicates discussions on survival benefit. Finally, underlying disease has affected outcomes for both heart and lung transplant and now are incorporated into the allocation system. SUMMARY Though heart and lung transplantation have several existing disparities, it remains to be seen how advancements in medical technology, changes in donor organ allocation policies, and growing experience in patient selection will impact these concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Tsuang
- Respiratory Institute
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Eileen Hsich
- Heart and Vascular Institute
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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11
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Eberlein M, Chambers DC. Donor to recipient matching for lung transplant candidates with interstitial lung disease - A sizeable problem. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 40:1431-1432. [PMID: 34417110 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eberlein
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Daniel C Chambers
- Qld Lung Transplant Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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12
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Kapnadak SG, Raghu G. Lung transplantation for interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/161/210017. [PMID: 34348979 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0017-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung transplantation (LTx) can be a life-extending treatment option for patients with advanced and/or progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD), especially idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, sarcoidosis and connective tissue disease-associated ILD. IPF is now the most common indication for LTx worldwide. Several unique features in patients with ILD can impact optimal timing of referral or listing for LTx, pre- or post-transplant risks, candidacy and post-transplant management. As the epidemiology of LTx and community practices have evolved, recent literature describes outcomes and approaches in higher-risk candidates. In this review, we discuss the unique and important clinical findings, course, monitoring and management of patients with IPF and other progressive fibrotic ILDs during pre-LTx evaluation and up to the day of transplantation; the need for co-management with clinical experts in ILD and LTx is emphasised. Some post-LTx complications are unique in these patient cohorts, which require prompt detection and appropriate management by experts in multiple disciplines familiar with telomere biology disorders and infectious, haematological, oncological and cardiac complications to enhance the likelihood of improved outcomes and survival of LTx recipients with IPF and other ILDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha G Kapnadak
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ganesh Raghu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA .,Dept of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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13
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Stokes JW, Gannon WD, Bacchetta M. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to Lung Transplant. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42:380-391. [PMID: 34030201 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a cardiopulmonary technology capable of supporting cardiac and respiratory function in the presence of end-stage lung disease. Initial experiences using ECMO as a bridge to lung transplant (ECMO-BTLT) were characterized by high rates of ECMO-associated complications and poor posttransplant outcomes. More recently, ECMO-BTLT has garnered success in preserving patients' physiologic condition and candidacy prior to lung transplant due to technological advances and improved management. Despite recent growth, clinical practice surrounding use of ECMO-BTLT remains variable, with little data to inform optimal patient selection and management. Although many questions remain, the use of ECMO-BTLT has shown promising outcomes suggesting that ECMO-BTLT can be an effective strategy to ensure that complex and rapidly decompensating patients with end-stage lung disease can be safely transplanted with good outcomes. Further studies are needed to refine and inform practice patterns, management, and lung allocation in this high-risk and fragile patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Stokes
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Whitney D Gannon
- Departments of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Matthew Bacchetta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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14
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Association between Allosensitization and Waiting List Outcomes among Adult Lung Transplant Candidates in the United States. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2020; 16:846-852. [PMID: 30763122 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201810-713oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Allosensitization may be a barrier to lung transplant. Currently, consideration is not given to allosensitization when assigning priority on the lung transplant waiting list. Objectives: We aimed to examine the association between allosensitization and waiting list outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study of adults listed for lung transplant at our center between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2016. We screened candidates for human leukocyte antigen antibodies before listing and examined the association between allosensitization and waiting list outcomes, including likelihood of transplant and death on the waiting list, using a competing risk model. Calculated panel-reactive antibody (CPRA) was used as a continuous measure of allosensitization. Results: Among 746 candidates who were listed for lung transplant during the study period, 263 (35%) were allosensitized, and 483 (65%) were not. In unadjusted analysis, allosensitized candidates had a decreased likelihood of transplant compared with nonallosensitized candidates (subhazard ratio [sHR], 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60-0.83; P < 0.001) and were more likely to die on the waiting list (sHR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.08-2.58; P < 0.001). In multivariable modeling, increasing CPRA was associated with an increased risk of death and a decreased likelihood of transplant (sHR for death, 1.15 per 10% increase in CPRA; 95% CI, 1.07-1.22; P < 0.001; sHR for transplant, 0.89 per 10% increase in CPRA; 95% CI, 0.86-0.91; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Broad allosensitization was associated with longer waiting times, decreased likelihood of transplant, and increased risk of death among candidates on the waiting list for lung transplant. Consideration of allosensitization in organ allocation strategies might help mitigate this increased risk in highly allosensitized candidates.
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15
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Mulvihill MS, Lee HJ, Weber J, Choi AY, Cox ML, Yerokun BA, Bishawi MA, Klapper J, Kuchibhatla M, Hartwig MG. Variability in donor organ offer acceptance and lung transplantation survival. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020; 39:353-362. [PMID: 32029400 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung transplantation offers a survival benefit for patients with end-stage lung disease. When suitable donors are identified, centers must accept or decline the offer for a matched candidate on their waitlist. The degree to which variability in per-center offer acceptance practices impacts candidate survival is not established. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of variability in per-center rates of lung transplantation offer acceptance and to ascertain the associated contribution to observed differences in per-center waitlist mortality. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of candidates waitlisted for lung transplantation in the US using registry data. Logistic regression was fit to assess the relationship of offer acceptance with donor, candidate, and geographic factors. Listing center was evaluated as a fixed effect to determine the adjusted per-center acceptance rate. Competing risks analysis employing the Fine-Gray model was undertaken to establish the relationship between adjusted per-center acceptance and waitlist mortality. RESULTS Of 15,847 unique organ offers, 4,735 (29.9%) were accepted for first-ranked candidates. After adjustment for important covariates, transplant centers varied markedly in acceptance rate (9%-67%). Higher cumulative incidence of 1-year waitlist mortality was associated with lower acceptance rate. For every 10% increase in adjusted center acceptance rate, the risk of waitlist mortality decreased by 36.3% (sub-distribution hazard ratio 0.637; 95% confidence interval 0.592-0.685). CONCLUSIONS Variability in center-level behavior represents a modifiable risk factor for waitlist mortality in lung transplantation. Further intervention is needed to standardize center-level offer acceptance practices and minimize waitlist mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Mulvihill
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Hui J Lee
- Surgical Center for Outcomes Research, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jeremy Weber
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ashley Y Choi
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Morgan L Cox
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Babatunde A Yerokun
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Muath A Bishawi
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jacob Klapper
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Maragatha Kuchibhatla
- Surgical Center for Outcomes Research, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew G Hartwig
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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16
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Kukreja J, Tsou S, Chen J, Trinh BN, Feng C, Golden JA, Hays S, Deuse T, Singer JP, Brzezinski M. Risk Factors and Outcomes of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to Lung Transplantation. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 32:772-785. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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17
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Abrams D, Curtis JR, Prager KM, Garan AR, Hastie J, Brodie D. Ethical Considerations for Mechanical Support. Anesthesiol Clin 2019; 37:661-673. [PMID: 31677684 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Extracorporeal life support can support patients with severe forms of cardiac and respiratory failure. Uncertainty remains about its optimal use owing in large part to its resource-intensive nature and the high acuity illness in supported patients. Specific issues include the identification of patients most likely to benefit, the appropriate duration of support when prognosis is uncertain, and what to do when patients become dependent on extracorporeal life support but no longer have hope for recovery or transplantation. Careful deliberation of ethical principles and potential dilemmas should be made when considering the use of extracorporeal life support in advanced cardiopulmonary failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Abrams
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 622 West 168th Street, PH 8E, 101, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - J Randall Curtis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359762, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Kenneth M Prager
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 161 Ft. Washington Avenue, Room 307, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - A Reshad Garan
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 177 Ft. Washington Avenue, 5th Floor, Room 5-435, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jonathan Hastie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 622 West 168th Street, PH 5-505, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel Brodie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 622 West 168th Street, PH 8E, 101, New York, NY 10032, USA
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18
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Ramos KJ, Smith PJ, McKone EF, Pilewski JM, Lucy A, Hempstead SE, Tallarico E, Faro A, Rosenbluth DB, Gray AL, Dunitz JM. Lung transplant referral for individuals with cystic fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation consensus guidelines. J Cyst Fibros 2019; 18:321-333. [PMID: 30926322 PMCID: PMC6545264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Provide recommendations to the cystic fibrosis (CF) community to facilitate timely referral for lung transplantation for individuals with CF. METHODS The CF Foundation organized a multidisciplinary committee to develop CF Lung Transplant Referral Consensus Guidelines. Three workgroups were formed: timing for transplant referral; modifiable barriers to transplant; and transition to transplant care. A focus group of lung transplant recipients with CF and spouses of CF recipients informed guideline development. RESULTS The committee formulated 21 recommendation statements based on literature review, committee member practices, focus group insights, and in response to public comment. Critical approaches to optimizing access to lung transplant include early discussion of this treatment option, assessment for modifiable barriers to transplant, and open communication between the CF and lung transplant centers. CONCLUSIONS These guidelines will help CF providers counsel their patients and may reduce the number of individuals with CF who die without consideration for lung transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J Ramos
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Patrick J Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Edward F McKone
- National Referral Centre for Adult Cystic Fibrosis, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joseph M Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Amy Lucy
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Albert Faro
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Daniel B Rosenbluth
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Alice L Gray
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Jordan M Dunitz
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine and Sleep, Dept of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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19
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Dhillon S, McKinnon E, Wrobel J, Lavender M, Lawrence S, Gabbay E, Musk M. Lung transplant: the Western Australian experience. Intern Med J 2019; 48:1337-1345. [PMID: 29923278 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Western Australian lung transplant programme commenced in 2004 to serve the growing demand of patients with end-stage lung disease. AIM This report summarises our 11-year experience in lung transplantation. METHODS Data on 115 consecutive patients and their respective donors transplanted between 2004 and 2015 were collected. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival. Cox regression was used to analyse the impact of donor and recipient characteristics on survival. RESULTS A total of 88 bilateral, 22 single-lung and 5 heart-lung transplants were performed in Western Australia during the first 11 years of the lung transplant programme. The most common indications for transplantation were interstitial lung disease (30.4%), cystic fibrosis (27.8%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (excluding alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency) (22.6%). Median recipient age was 50 years. Overall survival rates were 96% at 3 months, 93% at 1 year, 84% at 3 years and 70% at 5 years. Older age and higher BMI negatively impacted survival. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction was the leading cause of late mortality. CONCLUSION Lung transplantation is a treatment option in end-stage lung disease, with annual transplant rates in Western Australia continuing to rise. Our patients enjoy survival rates that compare favourably against international standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbroop Dhillon
- Advanced Lung Disease Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth McKinnon
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremy Wrobel
- Advanced Lung Disease Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melanie Lavender
- Advanced Lung Disease Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sharon Lawrence
- Advanced Lung Disease Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eli Gabbay
- The University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Musk
- Advanced Lung Disease Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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20
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Mooney JJ, Yang L, Hedlin H, Mohabir P, Dhillon GS. Multiple listing in lung transplant candidates: A cohort study. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:1098-1108. [PMID: 30253057 PMCID: PMC6433482 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lung transplant candidates can be waitlisted at more than one transplant center, a practice known as multiple listing. The factors associated with multiple listing and whether multiple listing modifies waitlist mortality or likelihood of lung transplant is unknown. US lung transplant waitlist candidates were identified as either single or multiple listed using data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Characteristics of single and multiple listed candidates were compared and multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate associations with multiple listing. Multiple listed candidates were matched to single listed candidates using a combination of exact and propensity score matching methods. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the relationship of multiple listing on waitlist mortality and receiving a transplant. Multiple listing occurred in 2.3% of lung transplant waitlist candidates. Younger age, female gender, white race, short stature, high antibody sensitization, college or postcollege education, lower lung allocation score, and a cystic fibrosis diagnosis were independently associated with multiple listing. Multiple listing was associated with an increased likelihood of lung transplant (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.74, 95% CI 2.37 to 3.16) but was not associated with waitlist mortality (aHR 0.99, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.44).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Mooney
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Lingyao Yang
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Haley Hedlin
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Paul Mohabir
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Gundeep S Dhillon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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21
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Lung Transplantation for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Respir Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99975-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Young KA, Dilling DF. The Future of Lung Transplantation. Chest 2018; 155:465-473. [PMID: 30171860 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.08.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of lung transplant has made significant advances over the last several decades. Despite these advances, morbidity and mortality remain high when compared with other solid organ transplants. As the field moves forward, the speed by which progress can be made will in part be determined by our ability to overcome several stumbling blocks, including donor shortage, proper selection of candidates, primary graft dysfunction, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction. The advances and developments surrounding these factors will have a significant impact on shaping the field within the coming years. In this review, we look at the current climate (ripe for expanding the donor pool), new technology (ex vivo lung perfusion and bioengineered lungs), cutting-edge innovation (novel biomarkers and new ways to treat infected donors), and evidence-based medicine to discuss current trends and predict future developments for what we hope is a bright future for the field of lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Young
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - Daniel F Dilling
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL.
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23
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Benvenuto LJ, Anderson DR, Kim HP, Hook JL, Shah L, Robbins HY, D'Ovidio F, Bacchetta M, Sonett JR, Arcasoy SM. Geographic disparities in donor lung supply and lung transplant waitlist outcomes: A cohort study. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:1471-1480. [PMID: 29266733 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the Final Rule mandate for equitable organ allocation in the United States, geographic disparities exist in donor lung allocation, with the majority of donor lungs being allocated locally to lower-priority candidates. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 19 622 lung transplant candidates waitlisted between 2006 and 2015. We used multivariable adjusted competing risk survival models to examine the relationship between local lung availability and waitlist outcomes. The primary outcome was a composite of death and removal from the waitlist for clinical deterioration. Waitlist candidates in the lowest quartile of local lung availability had an 84% increased risk of death or removal compared with candidates in the highest (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR]: 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51-2.24, P < .001). The transplantation rate was 57% lower in the lowest quartile compared with the highest (SHR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.39-0.47). The adjusted death or removal rate decreased by 11% with a 50% increase in local lung availability (SHR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85-0.93, P < .001) and the adjusted transplantation rate increased by 19% (SHR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.17-1.22, P < .001). There are geographically disparate waitlist outcomes in the current lung allocation system. Candidates listed in areas of low local lung availability have worse waitlist outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Benvenuto
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David R Anderson
- Department of Management, Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jaime L Hook
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lori Shah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hilary Y Robbins
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frank D'Ovidio
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Bacchetta
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua R Sonett
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Selim M Arcasoy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Eberlein M, Hunsicker L, Reed RM. Short Stature and Access to Lung Transplantation: Reducing Disparities by Changing to a Lung Size-based Allocation Mechanism. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 194:642-3. [PMID: 27585387 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201604-0673le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Dellon E, Goldfarb SB, Hayes D, Sawicki GS, Wolfe J, Boyer D. Pediatric lung transplantation and end of life care in cystic fibrosis: Barriers and successful strategies. Pediatr Pulmonol 2017; 52:S61-S68. [PMID: 28786560 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric lung transplantation has advanced over the years, providing a potential life-prolonging therapy to patients with cystic fibrosis. Despite this, many challenges in lung transplantation remain and result in worse outcomes than other solid organ transplants. As CF lung disease progresses, children and their caregivers are often simultaneously preparing for lung transplantation and end of life. In this article, we will discuss the current barriers to success in pediatric CF lung transplantation as well as approaches to end of life care in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Dellon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Samuel B Goldfarb
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Don Hayes
- Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gregory S Sawicki
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joanne Wolfe
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Debra Boyer
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
Extracorporeal life support in lung transplantation has been associated with poor posttransplant outcomes. However, recent advances have resulted in more favorable posttransplant outcomes. The increased use of this technology must be weighed against the risks inherent in its use, especially when complications arising in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-dependent patients result in loss of transplant candidacy, leaving them with no viable alternative for long-term support. Existing and emerging data support the judicious use of this technology in carefully selected patients at high-volume transplant and ECMO centers that prioritize minimization of sedation, avoidance of endotracheal intubation, and early mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Abrams
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, PH 8E, Room 101, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel Brodie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, PH 8E, Room 101, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Selim M Arcasoy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, PH 14E, Room 104, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the current state of donor lung allocation in the United States, and future opportunities to increase the efficiency of donor lung allocation. RECENT FINDINGS The current donor lung allocation system prioritizes clinical acuity by use of the Lung Allocation Score (LAS) which has reduced waitlist mortality since its implementation in 2005. Access to donor lungs can be further improved through policy changes using broader geographic sharing, and developing new technology such as ex vivo lung perfusion to recover marginal donor lungs. SUMMARY The number of lung transplants in the U.S. continues to increase annually. However, the demand for donor lungs continues to be outpaced by an ever growing waitlist. Efficient allocation can be achieved through improved allocation policies and new technology.
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Biscotti M, Gannon WD, Agerstrand C, Abrams D, Sonett J, Brodie D, Bacchetta M. Awake Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as Bridge to Lung Transplantation: A 9-Year Experience. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 104:412-419. [PMID: 28242078 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used as a bridge to lung transplantation, but characteristics that influence its success are poorly understood. This large, single-center experience evaluated the implementation and outcomes of ECMO in this setting. METHODS Data were collected for patients at our institution (New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center in New York) who received ECMO as a bridge to lung transplantation from January 1, 2007 through July 10, 2016. Data were analyzed for demographics, baseline characteristics, survival, and ECMO configuration. RESULTS Seventy-two patients received ECMO as a bridge to lung transplantation. Of the 72 patients, 40 (55.6%) underwent the transplantation procedure, 37 (92.5%) survived to discharge, and 21 (84.0%) survived for 2 years. Inotropy or vasopressor support (70% vs 93.8%; p = 0.011), Simplified Acute Physiology Score (26.8 vs 30.5; p = 0.048), and ambulation (80% vs 56.2%; p = 0.030) were significantly different between the patients who underwent lung transplantation and those who did not. Patients with cystic fibrosis were more likely to have a bridge to transplantation than patients with other lung diseases (47.5% vs 25%; p = 0.050). Daily participation in physical therapy was achieved in 50 patients (69.4%). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated favorable survival in patients receiving ECMO as a bridge to lung transplantation and achieved high rates of physical therapy and avoidance of mechanical ventilation while ECMO was used in patients awaiting lung transplantation. With more than half of these patients successfully bridged to lung transplantation, we gained insight into the factors influencing patients' outcomes, including patient selection, timing of ECMO, and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauer Biscotti
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Whitney D Gannon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Cara Agerstrand
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Darryl Abrams
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Joshua Sonett
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniel Brodie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Matthew Bacchetta
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
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Loor G, Brown R, Kelly RF, Rudser KD, Shumway SJ, Cich I, Holley CT, Quinlan C, Hertz MI. Gender differences in long-term survival post-transplant: A single-institution analysis in the lung allocation score era. Clin Transplant 2017; 31. [PMID: 27988981 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the significance of recipient gender status on lung transplant outcomes in a large single-institution experience spanning three decades, we analyzed data from all lung transplants performed in our institution since 1986. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the effect of recipient characteristics on survival and BOS score ≥1-free survival. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association of gender with short-term graft function. About 876 lung transplants were performed between 1986 and 2016. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates at 5 years post-transplant for females vs males in the LAS era were 71% vs 58%. In the LAS era, females showed greater unadjusted BOS≥1-free survival than males (35% vs 25%, P=.02) over 5 years. Female gender was the only factor in the LAS era significantly associated with improved adjusted 5-year survival [HR 0.56 (95% CI 0.33, 0.95) P=.03]. Conversely, in the pre-LAS era female gender was not associated with improved survival. Female recipients showed significantly improved survival over 5 years compared to males in the LAS era. A prospective analysis of biologic and immunologic differences is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Loor
- University of Minnesota Department of Surgery, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Roland Brown
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rosemary F Kelly
- University of Minnesota Department of Surgery, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kyle D Rudser
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sara J Shumway
- University of Minnesota Department of Surgery, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Irena Cich
- University of Minnesota Department of Surgery, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Colleen Quinlan
- University of Minnesota Department of Surgery, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marshall I Hertz
- University of Minnesota Department of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Lancaster TS, Miller JR, Epstein DJ, DuPont NC, Sweet SC, Eghtesady P. Improved waitlist and transplant outcomes for pediatric lung transplantation after implementation of the lung allocation score. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 36:520-528. [PMID: 27866928 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the lung allocation score (LAS) has not been considered valid for lung allocation to children, several additional policy changes for pediatric lung allocation have been adopted since its implementation. We compared changes in waitlist and transplant outcomes for pediatric and adult lung transplant candidates since LAS implementation. METHODS The United Network for Organ Sharing database was reviewed for all lung transplant listings during the period 1995 to June 2014. Outcomes were analyzed based on date of listing (pre-LAS vs post-LAS) and candidate age at listing (adults >18 years, adolescents 12 to 17 years, children 0 to 11 years). RESULTS Of the 39,962 total listings, 2,096 (5%) were for pediatric candidates. Median waiting time decreased after LAS implementation for all age groups (adults: 379 vs 83 days; adolescents: 414 vs 104 days; children: 211 vs 109 days; p < 0.001). The proportion of candidates reaching transplant increased after LAS (adults: 52.6% vs 71.6%, p < 0.001; adolescents: 40.3% vs 61.6%, p < 0.001; children: 42.4% vs 50.9%, p = 0.014), whereas deaths on the waitlist decreased (adults: 28.0% vs 14.4%, p < 0.001; adolescents: 33.1% vs 20.9%, p < 0.001; children: 32.2% vs 25.0%; p = 0.025), despite more critically ill candidates in all groups. Median recipient survival increased after LAS for adults and children (adults: 5.1 vs 5.5 years, p < 0.001; children: 6.5 vs 7.6 years, p = 0.047), but not for adolescents (3.6 vs 4.3 years, p = 0.295). CONCLUSIONS Improvements in waiting time, mortality and post-transplant survival have occurred in children after LAS implementation. Continued refinement of urgency-based allocation to children and broader sharing of pediatric donor lungs may help to maximize these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Lancaster
- Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jacob R Miller
- Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deirdre J Epstein
- Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicholas C DuPont
- Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stuart C Sweet
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Pirooz Eghtesady
- Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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31
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Lederer DJ, Sell J. Reply: Disparities in Access to Lung Transplantation-More Than Meets the Eye. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 194:643-4. [PMID: 27585388 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201604-0830le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Sell
- 1 Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York
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32
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Weill D. Access to Lung Transplantation. The Long and Short of It. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:605-6. [PMID: 26977969 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201511-2257ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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