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Wilson C, Lee MD, Buckley C, Zhang X, McCarron JG. Mitochondrial ATP Production is Required for Endothelial Cell Control of Vascular Tone. FUNCTION 2022; 4:zqac063. [PMID: 36778749 PMCID: PMC9909368 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteries and veins are lined by nonproliferating endothelial cells that play a critical role in regulating blood flow. Endothelial cells also regulate tissue perfusion, metabolite exchange, and thrombosis. It is thought that endothelial cells rely on ATP generated via glycolysis, rather than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, to fuel each of these energy-demanding processes. However, endothelial metabolism has mainly been studied in the context of proliferative cells, and little is known about energy production in endothelial cells within the fully formed vascular wall. Using intact arteries isolated from rats and mice, we show that inhibiting mitochondrial respiration disrupts endothelial control of vascular tone. Basal, mechanically activated, and agonist-evoked calcium activity in intact artery endothelial cells are each prevented by inhibiting mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Agonist-evoked calcium activity was also inhibited by blocking the transport of pyruvate, the master fuel for mitochondrial energy production, through the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier. The role for mitochondria in endothelial cell energy production is independent of species, sex, or vascular bed. These data show that a mitochondrial ATP supply is necessary for calcium-dependent, nitric oxide-mediated endothelial control of vascular tone, and identifies the critical role of endothelial mitochondrial energy production in fueling perfused blood vessel function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D Lee
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Xun Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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Distinct Pharmacological Properties of Gaseous CO and CO-Releasing Molecule in Human Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073584. [PMID: 33808315 PMCID: PMC8037872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO)—gaseous or released by CO-RMs—both possess antiplatelet properties; however, it remains uncertain whether the mechanisms involved are the same. Here, we characterise the involvement of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) in the effects of CO—delivered by gaseous CO–saturated buffer (COG) and generated by CORM-A1—on platelet aggregation and energy metabolism, as well as on vasodilatation in aorta, using light transmission aggregometry, Seahorse XFe technique, and wire myography, respectively. ODQ completely prevented the inhibitory effect of COG on platelet aggregation, but did not modify antiplatelet effect of CORM-A1. In turn, COG did not affect, whereas CORM-A1 substantially inhibited energy metabolism in platelets. Even though activation of sGC by BAY 41-2272 or BAY 58-2667 inhibited significantly platelet aggregation, their effects on energy metabolism in platelets were absent or weak and could not contribute to antiplatelet effects of sGC activation. In contrast, vasodilatation of murine aortic rings, induced either by COG or CORM-A1, was dependent on sGC. We conclude that the source (COG vs. CORM-A1) and kinetics (rapid vs. slow) of CO delivery represent key determinants of the mechanism of antiplatelet action of CO, involving either impairment of energy metabolism or activation of sGG.
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Niclosamide ethanolamine inhibits artery constriction. Pharmacol Res 2017; 115:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Gioscia-Ryan RA, LaRocca TJ, Sindler AL, Zigler MC, Murphy MP, Seals DR. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (MitoQ) ameliorates age-related arterial endothelial dysfunction in mice. J Physiol 2014; 592:2549-61. [PMID: 24665093 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.268680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related arterial endothelial dysfunction, a key antecedent of the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), is largely caused by a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability as a consequence of oxidative stress. Mitochondria are a major source and target of vascular oxidative stress when dysregulated. Mitochondrial dysregulation is associated with primary ageing, but its role in age-related endothelial dysfunction is unknown. Our aim was to determine the efficacy of a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, MitoQ, in ameliorating vascular endothelial dysfunction in old mice. Ex vivo carotid artery endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) to increasing doses of acetylcholine was impaired by ∼30% in old (∼27 months) compared with young (∼8 months) mice as a result of reduced NO bioavailability (P < 0.05). Acute (ex vivo) and chronic (4 weeks in drinking water) administration of MitoQ completely restored EDD in older mice by improving NO bioavailability. There were no effects of age or MitoQ on endothelium-independent dilation to sodium nitroprusside. The improvements in endothelial function with MitoQ supplementation were associated with the normalization of age-related increases in total and mitochondria-derived arterial superoxide production and oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine abundance), as well as with increases in markers of vascular mitochondrial health, including antioxidant status. MitoQ also reversed the age-related increase in endothelial susceptibility to acute mitochondrial damage (rotenone-induced impairment in EDD). Our results suggest that mitochondria-derived oxidative stress is an important mechanism underlying the development of endothelial dysfunction in primary ageing. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants such as MitoQ represent a promising novel strategy for the preservation of vascular endothelial function with advancing age and the prevention of age-related CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Gioscia-Ryan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Amy L Sindler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Melanie C Zigler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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Zamorano-León JJ, López-Farré AJ, Marques M, Rodríguez P, Modrego J, Segura A, Macaya C, Barrientos A. Changes by tacrolimus of the rat aortic proteome: Involvement of endothelin-1. Transpl Immunol 2012; 26:191-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Fukai T, Ushio-Fukai M. Superoxide dismutases: role in redox signaling, vascular function, and diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1583-606. [PMID: 21473702 PMCID: PMC3151424 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1286] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species Revised abstract, especially superoxide anion (O₂•-), play important roles in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are the major antioxidant defense systems against (O₂•-), which consist of three isoforms of SOD in mammals: the cytoplasmic Cu/ZnSOD (SOD1), the mitochondrial MnSOD (SOD2), and the extracellular Cu/ZnSOD (SOD3), all of which require catalytic metal (Cu or Mn) for their activation. Recent evidence suggests that in each subcellular location, SODs catalyze the conversion of (O₂•-), H2O2, which may participate in cell signaling. In addition, SODs play a critical role in inhibiting oxidative inactivation of nitric oxide, thereby preventing peroxynitrite formation and endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction. The importance of each SOD isoform is further illustrated by studies from the use of genetically altered mice and viral-mediated gene transfer. Given the essential role of SODs in cardiovascular disease, the concept of antioxidant therapies, that is, reinforcement of endogenous antioxidant defenses to more effectively protect against oxidative stress, is of substantial interest. However, the clinical evidence remains controversial. In this review, we will update the role of each SOD in vascular biologies, physiologies, and pathophysiologies such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and angiogenesis. Because of the importance of metal cofactors in the activity of SODs, we will also discuss how each SOD obtains catalytic metal in the active sites. Finally, we will discuss the development of future SOD-dependent therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Fukai
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Abstract
Increased production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria, accumulation of mitochondrial DNA damage, and progressive respiratory chain dysfunction are associated with atherosclerosis or cardiomyopathy in human investigations and animal models of oxidative stress. Moreover, major precursors of atherosclerosis-hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and even the process of aging-all induce mitochondrial dysfunction. Chronic overproduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species leads to destruction of pancreatic beta-cells, increased oxidation of low-density lipoprotein and dysfunction of endothelial cells-factors that promote atherosclerosis. An additional mechanism by which impaired mitochondrial integrity predisposes to clinical manifestations of vascular diseases relates to vascular cell growth. Mitochondrial function is required for normal vascular cell growth and function. Mitochondrial dysfunction can result in apoptosis, favoring plaque rupture. Subclinical episodes of plaque rupture accelerate the progression of hemodynamically significant atherosclerotic lesions. Flow-limiting plaque rupture can result in myocardial infarction, stroke, and ischemic/reperfusion damage. Much of what is known on reactive oxygen species generation and modulation comes from studies in cultured cells and animal models. In this review, we have focused on linking this large body of literature to the clinical syndromes that predispose humans to atherosclerosis and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nageswara R Madamanchi
- Carolina Cardiovascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7005, USA
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Csiszar A, Labinskyy N, Orosz Z, Ungvari Z. Altered mitochondrial energy metabolism may play a role in vascular aging. Med Hypotheses 2006; 67:904-8. [PMID: 16750895 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Revised: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies demonstrated that even in the absence of other risk factors (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia), vascular aging significantly increases cardiovascular morbidity. Previous studies revealed that vascular aging is characterized by an age-dependent decline in endothelial function due to a decreased bioavailability of NO and increased production of reactive oxygen species. Yet, the mechanisms underlying the process of vascular aging are still poorly understood. Many authors consider that aging is a mitochondrial disease. Indeed, there is evidence that aging is associated with an increase in mtDNA damage and a decline in expression/activity of mitochondrial enzymes in various organs. On the basis of recent observations we predict that similar changes in mitochondrial gene expression profile are present in the aged cardiovascular system as well. It is significant, that components of the electron transport chain (including cytochrome c oxidase) seem to be similarly down-regulated with age in many species. Because pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial energy metabolism significantly impairs endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation and may increase the production of reactive oxygen species, we propose that alterations of mitochondrial energetic phenotype may contribute to endothelial dysfunction in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Csiszar
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Suh SH, Droogmans G, Nilius B. Effects of cyanide and deoxyglucose on Ca2+ signalling in macrovascular endothelial cells. ENDOTHELIUM : JOURNAL OF ENDOTHELIAL CELL RESEARCH 2001; 7:155-68. [PMID: 10912910 DOI: 10.3109/10623320009165314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1. We have studied the effects of the metabolic inhibitors cyanide (CN) and deoxyglucose (DG) on the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in macrovascular endothelial cells derived from human umbilical vein (EA cells). 2. CN- and DG increased [Ca2-]i in non-voltage clamped cells. This effect was dependent on extracellular Ca2+ concentration and membrane potential, indicating that CN- induced a Ca2+ entry. 3. During expose to CN- and/or DG, EA cells depolarise. This depolarisation is sometimes preceded by a small, but transient hyperpolarisation due to activation of a big - conductance K+ channels, BKCa, present in EA cells. However, in approximately 90% of the cells tested, the CN- and/or DG induced elevation of [Ca2+]i was insufficient to activate BKCa. 4. CN- and/or DG enhanced BKCa currents preactivated by an elevation of [Ca2+]i via cell dialysis with 0.5 and 1 microM, respectively. Thus, metabolic inhibition sensitises BKCa. 5. The CN- induced depolarisation of EA cells occurs by activating a current that reversed at positive membrane potentials. Substituting extracellular cations abolished the inward component of this current by NMDG, indicating that CN- activated a non-selective cation channel, NSC. This current was reduced by extracellular Ca2+ and Mg2'+ but is partially carried by Ca2+. 6. It is concluded that CN elevates [Ca2+]i by activating Ca2+ permeable NSC channels. The properties of these channels are similar to those of the recently described trp3 channels expressed in endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Suh
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratorium voor Fysiologie, Campus Gasthuisberg, Belgium
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Pulido EJ, Shames BD, Selzman CH, Barton HA, Banerjee A, Bensard DD, McIntyre RC. Inhibition of PARS attenuates endotoxin-induced dysfunction of pulmonary vasorelaxation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 277:L769-76. [PMID: 10516218 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.1999.277.4.l769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxin (Etx) causes excessive activation of the nuclear repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) synthase (PARS), which depletes cellular energy stores and leads to vascular dysfunction. We hypothesized that PARS inhibition would attenuate injury to mechanisms of pulmonary vasorelaxation in acute lung injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of in vivo PARS inhibition on Etx-induced dysfunction of pulmonary vasorelaxation. Rats received intraperitoneal saline or Etx (Salmonella typhimurium; 20 mg/kg) and one of the PARS inhibitors, 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB; 10 mg/kg) or nicotinamide (Nic; 200 mg/kg), 90 min later. After 6 h, concentration-response curves were determined in isolated pulmonary arterial rings. Etx impaired endothelium-dependent (response to ACh and calcium ionophore) and -independent (sodium nitroprusside) cGMP-mediated vasorelaxation. 3-AB and Nic attenuated Etx-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent and -independent pulmonary vasorelaxation. 3-AB and Nic had no effect on Etx-induced increases in lung myeloperoxidase activity and edema. Lung ATP decreased after Etx but was maintained by 3-AB and Nic. Pulmonary arterial PARS activity increased fivefold after Etx, which 3-AB and Nic prevented. The beneficial effects were not observed with benzoic acid, a structural analog of 3-AB that does not inhibit PARS. Our results suggest that PARS inhibition with 3-AB or Nic improves pulmonary vasorelaxation and preserves lung ATP levels in acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Pulido
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Denver 80262, Colorado
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Dodd-o JM, Zheng G, Silverman HS, Lakatta EG, Ziegelstein RC. Endothelium-independent relaxation of aortic rings by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 120:857-64. [PMID: 9138692 PMCID: PMC1564554 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The flavoprotein binder diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) is a potent, irreversible inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), but produces only a transient pressor response following systemic administration to animals, despite evidence of persistent NOS inhibition. To characterize further the effects of DPI on vascular tone, isometric tension was recorded from rat isolated aortic rings mounted between steel wires in an organ bath. 2. The NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 1 mM) initiated an additional contraction of prostaglandin F2 alpha-preconstricted rings with endothelium which was sustained throughout the period of L-NAME exposure (+234 +/- 39% at 15 min). In contrast, addition of DPI (5 microM) to rings with endothelium produced a transient initial contraction (+111 +/- 27% at 2 min) followed by a more sustained relaxation (-27 +/- 19% at 15 min, P < 0.001 vs L-NAME). 3. The contraction to DPI was also observed in rings without endothelium, was abolished by L-NAME pretreatment, and was unaffected by the alpha-adrenoreceptor inhibitor prazosin. Relaxation in response to DPI was not inhibited by endothelium removal or by pretreatment with either L-NAME or with the ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker glibenclamide. 4. The endothelium-independent relaxation to DPI was inhibited at 23 degrees C and its time course was delayed by pretreatment with the guanylate cyclase inhibitor methylene blue. 5. Thus, in addition to a transient initial contraction due to NOS inhibition, DPI produces an endothelium-independent, temperature-dependent relaxation which appears in part due to activation of guanylate cyclase. This relaxant effect of DPI may explain the transient nature of its pressor effect in vivo despite sustained NOS inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Dodd-o
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21224-2780, USA
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Normandin L, Hervé P, Brink C, Chapelier AR, Dartevelle PG, Mazmanian GM. L-arginine and pentoxifylline attenuate endothelial dysfunction after lung reperfusion injury in the rabbit. The Paris-Sud University Lung Transplant Group. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 60:646-50. [PMID: 7677493 DOI: 10.1016/0003-4975(95)00484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the factors involved in the early complications of lung transplantation is the ischemia-reperfusion syndrome related to a warm reperfusion in ischemic lungs. METHODS Using an isolated rabbit lung preparation perfused with whole blood, we studied the effects of cold ischemia followed by a warm reperfusion on pulmonary vascular responses to reproduce experimentally the conditions encountered during lung transplantation. RESULTS Pulmonary vascular responses to acetylcholine were rapidly altered by warm ischemia (relaxation of 7% versus 60% in controls). Conversely, relaxation was maintained even after a prolonged cold ischemic storage (maximal relaxation of 57% at 48 hours). Warm reperfusion in ischemic lungs induced major alteration of endothelium-dependent relaxation (maximal relaxation of 13% at 4 hours). The addition of L-arginine or pentoxifylline during reperfusion prevented the pulmonary endothelial alteration resulting from warm reperfusion. CONCLUSION These data suggest that treatments aimed at maintaining intact functional endothelium reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury in transplanted lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Normandin
- Laboratoire de Chirurgie Expérimentale, Unité de Recherche Associée 1159, Paris-Sud University, Le Plessis Robinson, France
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Seery JP. Therapeutic approach to microvascular angina (syndrome X). J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25:1472-3. [PMID: 7794362 DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(95)00021-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Jorens PG, Van Overveld FJ, Vermeire PA, Bult H, Herman AG. Synergism between interleukin-1 beta and interferon-gamma, an inducer of nitric oxide synthase, in rat lung fibroblasts. Eur J Pharmacol 1992; 224:7-12. [PMID: 1280597 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(92)94811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An L-arginine-dependent pathway, by which L-arginine is metabolised to citrulline and nitrogen oxides, has been recently identified in some cell types. In cultured rat lung fibroblasts the presence of L-arginine was necessary for the production of nitrite to be induced by rat recombinant interferon-gamma and synergistically enhanced by lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-1 beta. Lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-1 beta did not induce nitrite biosynthesis by themselves. Biosynthesis was apparently dependent on tetrahydrobiopterin, since it could be blocked by diaminohydroxypyrimidine, an inhibitor of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis. Dexamethasone blocked nitrite production by a receptor-mediated mechanism. These data indicate that rat lung fibroblasts express an L-arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthase which can be induced by some mediators of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Jorens
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Antwerp (ULA), Belgium
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