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Qais FA, Ahmad I, Husain FM, Arshad M, Khan A, Adil M. Umbelliferone modulates the quorum sensing and biofilm of Gram - ve bacteria: in vitro and in silico investigations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5827-5840. [PMID: 37394824 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2229454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
In last two decades, the world has seen an exponential increase in the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), making the issue a serious threat to human health. The mortality caused by AMR is one of the leading causes of human death worldwide. Till the end of the twentieth century, a tremendous success in the discovery of new antibiotics was seen, but in last two decades, there is negligible progress in this direction. The increase in AMR combined with slow progress of antibiotic drug discovery has created an urgent demand to search for newer methods of intervention to combat infectious diseases. One of such approach is to look for biofilm and quorum sensing (QS) inhibitors. Plants are excellent source of wide class compounds that can be harnessed to look for the compounds with such properties. This study proves a broad-spectrum biofilm and QS inhibitory potential of umbelliferone. More than 85% reduction in violacein production Chromobacterium violaceum 12472 was found. All tested virulent traits of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Serratia marcescens MTCC 97 were remarkably inhibited that ranged from 56.62% to 86.24%. Umbelliferone also successfully prevented the biofilm of test bacteria at least by 67.68%. Umbelliferone interacted at the active site of many proteins of QS circuit, which led to the mitigation of virulent traits. The stable nature of complexes of umbelliferone with proteins further strengthens in vitro results. After examining the toxicological profile and other drug-like properties, umbelliferone could be potentially developed as new drug to target the infections caused by Gram - ve bacteria.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Abul Qais
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Mohammed Arshad
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Altaf Khan
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Central Laboratory, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Mohd Adil
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
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2
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Pompilio A, Kaya E, Lupetti V, Catelli E, Bianchi M, Maisetta G, Esin S, Di Bonaventura G, Batoni G. Cell-free supernatants from Lactobacillus strains exert antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antivirulence activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa from cystic fibrosis patients. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105301. [PMID: 38237656 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lung infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa play a significant role in the mortality and morbidity of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The widespread bacterial resistance to conventional antimicrobials demands identifying new strategies to complement or replace current antibiotic therapies. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antivirulence properties of cell-free supernatants (CFS) from several Lactobacillus probiotic strains against P. aeruginosa isolated from the sputum of CF patients. A strong and fast antibacterial activity of CFS from different strains of lactobacilli was observed at acidic pH towards P. aeruginosa, both in planktonic and biofilm mode of growth, in conditions mimicking CF lung. Interestingly, although when adjusted at pH 6.0, CFS lost most of their antibacterial potential, they retained some antivirulence activity towards P. aeruginosa, largely dependent on the dose, exposure time, and the Lactobacillus-P. aeruginosa strain combination. In vivo testing in the invertebrate Galleria mellonella model disclosed the lack of toxicity of acidic CFS and their ability to prevent P. aeruginosa infection. For the first time, the results revealed lactobacilli postbiotic activities in the context of the pulmonary environment, pointing to innovative postbiotics' uses in anti-infective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Esingül Kaya
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Veronica Lupetti
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Elisa Catelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppantonio Maisetta
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy.
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Papa R, Imperlini E, Trecca M, Paris I, Vrenna G, Artini M, Selan L. Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis: Relationships between Normoxia and Anoxia Lifestyle. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 13:1. [PMID: 38275311 PMCID: PMC10812786 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are colonized by many pathogens and the most common is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an environmental pathogen that is able to infect immunocompromised patients thanks to its ability to develop resistance to conventional antibiotics. Over 12% of all patients colonized by P. aeruginosa harbour multi-drug resistant species. During airway infection in CF, P. aeruginosa adopts various mechanisms to survive in a hostile ecological niche characterized by low oxygen concentration, nutrient limitation and high osmotic pressure. To this end, P. aeruginosa uses a variety of virulence factors including pigment production, biofilm formation, motility and the secretion of toxins and proteases. This study represents the first report that systematically analyzes the differences in virulence features, in normoxia and anoxia, of clinical P. aeruginosa isolated from CF patients, characterized by multi- or pan-drug antibiotic resistance compared to antibiotic sensitive strains. The virulence features, such as biofilm formation, protease secretion and motility, are highly diversified in anaerobiosis, which reflects the condition of chronic CF infection. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the real-world lifestyle of pathogens isolated during disease progression in each particular patient and to assist in the design of therapeutic protocols for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (M.T.); (I.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Esther Imperlini
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Marika Trecca
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (M.T.); (I.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Irene Paris
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (M.T.); (I.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Gianluca Vrenna
- Research Unit of Diagnostical and Management Innovations, Children’s Hospital and Institute Research Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (M.T.); (I.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (M.T.); (I.P.); (L.S.)
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4
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Ahamad Khan M, Lone SA, Shahid M, Zeyad MT, Syed A, Ehtram A, Elgorban AM, Verma M, Danish M. Phytogenically Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) Potentially Inhibit the Bacterial Pathogens: In Vitro Studies. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050452. [PMID: 37235266 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The usefulness of nanoparticles (NPs) in biological applications, such as nanomedicine, is becoming more widely acknowledged. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are a type of metal oxide nanoparticle with an extensive use in biomedicine. Here, ZnO-NPs were synthesized using Cassia siamea (L.) leaf extract and characterized using state-of-the-art techniques; UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, and SEM. At sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels, the ability of ZnO@Cs-NPs to suppress quorum-mediated virulence factors and biofilm formation against clinical MDR isolates (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Chromobacterium violaceum MCC-2290) was tested. The ½MIC of ZnO@Cs-NPs reduced violacein production by C. violaceum. Furthermore, ZnO@Cs-NPs sub-MIC significantly inhibited virulence factors such aspyoverdin, pyocyanin, elastase, exoprotease, rhamnolipid, and the swimming motility of P. aeruginosa PAO1 by 76.9, 49.0, 71.1, 53.3, 89.5, and 60%, respectively. Moreover, ZnO@Cs-NPs also showed wide anti-biofilm efficacy, inhibiting a maximum of 67 and 56% biofilms in P. aeruginosa and C. violaceum, respectively. In addition, ZnO@Cs-NPs suppressed extra polymeric substances (EPS) produced by isolates. Additionally, under confocal microscopy, propidium iodide-stained cells of P. aeruginosa and C. violaceum show ZnO@Cs-NP-induced impairment in membrane permeability, revealing strong anti-bacterial efficacy. This research demonstrates that newly synthesized ZnO@Cs-NPs demonstrate a strong efficacy against clinical isolates. In a nutshell, ZnO@Cs-NPs can be used as an alternative therapeutic agent for managing pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Ahamad Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Showkat Ahmad Lone
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Baramulla 19310, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Tarique Zeyad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aquib Ehtram
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- Centre of Research & Development, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali 160055, India
| | - Mohammad Danish
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Rozaliyani A, Antariksa B, Nurwidya F, Zaini J, Setianingrum F, Hasan F, Nugrahapraja H, Yusva H, Wibowo H, Bowolaksono A, Kosmidis C. The Fungal and Bacterial Interface in the Respiratory Mycobiome with a Focus on Aspergillus spp. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041017. [PMID: 37109545 PMCID: PMC10142979 DOI: 10.3390/life13041017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the lung microbiome and its alteration are prevalently seen among chronic lung diseases patients. However, studies to date have primarily focused on the bacterial microbiome in the lung rather than fungal composition, which might play an essential role in the mechanisms of several chronic lung diseases. It is now well established that Aspergillus spp. colonies may induce various unfavorable inflammatory responses. Furthermore, bacterial microbiomes such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa provide several mechanisms that inhibit or stimulate Aspergillus spp. life cycles. In this review, we highlighted fungal and bacterial microbiome interactions in the respiratory tract, with a focus on Aspergillus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rozaliyani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Indonesia Pulmonary Mycoses Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Budhi Antariksa
- Department of Pulmonoloy and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicinie, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Fariz Nurwidya
- Department of Pulmonoloy and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicinie, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Jamal Zaini
- Department of Pulmonoloy and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicinie, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Findra Setianingrum
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Indonesia Pulmonary Mycoses Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Firman Hasan
- Indonesia Pulmonary Mycoses Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Husna Nugrahapraja
- Life Science and Biotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40312, Indonesia
| | - Humaira Yusva
- Magister Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Heri Wibowo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Anom Bowolaksono
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Chris Kosmidis
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
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6
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Genome-scale model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa metabolism unveils virulence and drug potentiation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:165. [PMID: 36765199 PMCID: PMC9918512 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections. To decipher the metabolic mechanisms associated with virulence and antibiotic resistance, we have developed an updated genome-scale model (GEM) of P. aeruginosa. The model (iSD1509) is an extensively curated, three-compartment, and mass-and-charge balanced BiGG model containing 1509 genes, the largest gene content for any P. aeruginosa GEM to date. It is the most accurate with prediction accuracies as high as 92.4% (gene essentiality) and 93.5% (substrate utilization). In iSD1509, we newly added a recently discovered pathway for ubiquinone-9 biosynthesis which is required for anaerobic growth. We used a modified iSD1509 to demonstrate the role of virulence factor (phenazines) in the pathogen survival within biofilm/oxygen-limited condition. Further, the model can mechanistically explain the overproduction of a drug susceptibility biomarker in the P. aeruginosa mutants. Finally, we use iSD1509 to demonstrate the drug potentiation by metabolite supplementation, and elucidate the mechanisms behind the phenotype, which agree with experimental results.
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Frigoli M, Lowdon JW, Caldara M, Arreguin-Campos R, Sewall J, Cleij TJ, Diliën H, Eersels K, van Grinsven B. Thermal Pyocyanin Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Indirect Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACS Sens 2023; 8:353-362. [PMID: 36599088 PMCID: PMC9887650 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous multi-drug-resistant bacterium, capable of causing serious illnesses and infections. This research focuses on the development of a thermal sensor for the indirect detection of P. aeruginosa infection using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). This was achieved by developing MIPs for the detection of pyocyanin, the main toxin secreted by P. aeruginosa. To this end, phenazine was used as a dummy template, evaluating several polymeric compositions to achieve a selective MIP for pyocyanin recognition. The sensitivity of the synthesized MIPs was investigated by UV-vis analysis, with the best composition having a maximum rebinding capacity of 30 μmol g-1 and an imprinting factor (IF) of 1.59. Subsequently, the MIP particles were immobilized onto planar aluminum chips using an adhesive layer, to perform thermal resistance measurements at clinically relevant concentrations of pyocyanin (1.4-9.8 μM), achieving a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.347 ± 0.027 μM. The selectivity of the sensor was also scrutinized by subjecting the receptor to potential interferents. Furthermore, the rebinding was demonstrated in King's A medium, highlighting the potential of the sensor for the indirect detection of P. aeruginosa in complex fluids. The research culminates in the demonstration of the MIP-based sensor's applicability for clinical diagnosis. To achieve this goal, an experiment was performed in which the sensor was exposed to pyocyanin-spiked saliva samples, achieving a limit of detection of 0.569 ± 0.063 μM and demonstrating that this technology is suitable to detect the presence of the toxin even at the very first stage of its production.
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Li Y, Hu Y, Chen T, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhou H, Yang D. Advanced detection and sensing strategies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and quorum sensing biomarkers: A review. Talanta 2022; 240:123210. [PMID: 35026633 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen, can frequently cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis and chronic wounds, and potentially lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Timely and adequate treatment of nosocomial infection in clinic depends on rapid detection and accurate identification of P. aeruginosa and its early-stage antibiotic susceptibility test. Traditional methods like plating culture, polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays are time-consuming and require expensive equipment, limiting the rapid diagnostic application. Advanced sensing strategy capable of fast, sensitive and simple detection with low cost has therefore become highly desired in point of care testing (POCT) of nosocomial pathogens. Within this review, advanced detection and sensing strategies for P. aeruginosa cells along with associated quorum sensing (QS) molecules over the last ten years are discussed and summarized. Firstly, the principles of four commonly used sensing strategies including localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), electrochemistry, and fluorescence are briefly overviewed. Then, the advancement of the above sensing techniques for P. aeruginosa cells and its QS biomarkers detection are introduced, respectively. In addition, the integration with novel compatible platforms towards clinical application is highlighted in each section. Finally, the current achievements are summarized along with proposed challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China; Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Haibo Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Danting Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China; Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Ahmed B, Cox MJ, Cuthbertson L, James P, Gardner L, Cookson W, Davies J, Moffatt M, Bush A. Comparison of the airway microbiota in children with chronic suppurative lung disease. BMJ Open Respir Res 2021; 8:8/1/e001106. [PMID: 34949574 PMCID: PMC8705203 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2021-001106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The airway microbiota is important in chronic suppurative lung diseases, such as primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and cystic fibrosis (CF). This comparison has not previously been described but is important because difference between the two diseases may relate to the differing prognoses and lead to pathological insights and potentially, new treatments. OBJECTIVES To compare the longitudinal development of the airway microbiota in children with PCD to that of CF and relate this to age and clinical status. METHODS Sixty-two age-matched children (age range 0.5-17 years) with PCD or CF (n=31 in each group) were recruited prospectively and followed for 1.1 years. Throat swabs or sputum as well as clinical information were collected at routine clinical appointments. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The microbiota was highly individual and more diverse in PCD and differed in community composition when compared with CF. While Streptococcus was the most abundant genus in both conditions, Pseudomonas was more abundant in CF with Haemophilus more abundant in PCD (Padj=0.0005). In PCD only, an inverse relationship was seen in the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Haemophilus with age. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial community composition differs between children with PCD and those with CF. Pseudomonas is more prevalent in CF and Haemophilus in PCD, at least until infection with Pseudomonas supervenes. Interactions between organisms, particularly members of Haemophilus, Streptococcus and Pseudomonas genera appear important. Study of the interactions between these organisms may lead to new therapies or risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Ahmed
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK .,Department of Respiratory Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Michael J Cox
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Phillip James
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Gardner
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Respiratory Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Jane Davies
- Department of Respiratory Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,Gene Therapy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Andrew Bush
- Department of Respiratory Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
Iron (Fe) plays important roles in both essential cellular processes and virulence pathways for many bacteria. Consequently, Fe withholding by the human innate immune system is an effective form of defense against bacterial infection. In this Perspective, we review recent studies that have established a foundation for our understanding of the impact of the metal-sequestering host defense protein calprotectin (CP) on bacterial Fe homeostasis. We also discuss two recently uncovered strategies for bacterial adaptation to Fe withholding by CP. Together, these studies provide insight into how Fe sequestration by CP affects bacterial pathogens that include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, recent studies suggest that Fe withholding by CP may have implications for bacterial survival and virulence in the host, and further explorations that directly address this possibility present an important area for discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adunoluwa O. Obisesan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Emily M. Zygiel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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11
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Cimmino A, Bahmani Z, Castaldi S, Masi M, Isticato R, Abdollahzadeh J, Amini J, Evidente A. Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid (PCA), Produced for the First Time as an Antifungal Metabolite by Truncatella angustata, a Causal Agent of Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) in Iran. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12143-12147. [PMID: 34623150 PMCID: PMC8532150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The phytopathogenic fungus Truncatella angustata, associated with grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in Iran, produces the well-known secondary metabolite isocoumumarin (+)-6-hyroxyramulosin and surprisingly also phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA). PCA, identified by spectroscopic (essentially 1H NMR and ESI MS) spectra, is a bacterial metabolite well known for its antifungal activity and was found for the first time in T. angustata culture filtrates. The antifungal activity of PCA was assayed against four different fungi responsible for GTDs, Phaeoacremonium minimum, Phaeoacremonium italicum, Fomitiporia mediterranea, involved in grapevine esca disease, and Neofusicoccum parvum, responsible for Botryosphaeria dieback. The activity was compared with that of the known commercial fungicide, pentachloronitrobenzene, and the close phenazine. PCA and phenazine exhibited strong antifungal activity against all phytopathogenic fungi, inhibiting the fungal growth by about 90-100% and 80-100%, respectively. These results suggested that T. angustata could use PCA to compete with other phytopathogenic fungi that attack grapevine and thus PCA could be proposed as a biofungicide against the fungi responsible for grapevine esca and Botryosphaeria dieback diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Cimmino
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Zeinab Bahmani
- Department
of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416 Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Stefany Castaldi
- Department
of Biology, University of Naples Federico
II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Masi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rachele Isticato
- Department
of Biology, University of Naples Federico
II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Jafar Abdollahzadeh
- Department
of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416 Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Jahanshir Amini
- Department
of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416 Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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12
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Trends in the bacterial recognition patterns used in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Qais FA, Khan MS, Ahmad I, Husain FM, Al-Kheraif AA, Arshad M, Alam P. Plumbagin inhibits quorum sensing-regulated virulence and biofilms of Gram-negative bacteria: in vitro and in silico investigations. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:724-739. [PMID: 34396840 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1955250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The global rise in antimicrobial resistance and lack of discovery of new antimicrobials have created serious concerns. Targeting quorum sensing (QS) and biofilms of pathogenic bacteria is considered a promising approach in antimicrobial drug discovery. This study explored the inhibitory effect of plumbagin against biofilms and QS of Chromobacterium violaceum, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Violacein production in C. violaceum 12472 was reduced by >80%. The virulent traits of P. aeruginosa PAO1 such as pyocyanin, rhamnolipid and proteases were also inhibited at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations. Moreover, the biofilms of the test bacteria were reduced by 56-70%. Plumbagin reduced the bacterial adherence and colonization on solid surface. Computational studies gave closer insights regarding the possible modes of action. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the protein complexes were quite stable under physiological conditions. This study provides both experimental and computational evidence regarding the efficacy of plumbagin against biofilms and the QS-controlled virulence factors of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Abul Qais
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Shavez Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Al-Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Arshad
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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14
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Qais FA, Ahmad I, Husain FM, Alomar SY, Ahmad N, Albalawi F, Alam P, Albalawi T. Interference of quorum sensing regulated bacterial virulence factors and biofilms by Plumbago zeylanica extract. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:3150-3160. [PMID: 34268833 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There has been tremendous spread of antimicrobial resistance globally, mainly due to the excessive and unnecessary use of antibiotics, making the situation alarming. This has created a need for the development of alternative strategies to selectively target the bacterial pathogenicity without exerting selection pressure for the development of antimicrobial resistance. Targeting quorum sensing (QS)-mediated virulence and biofilms by nontoxic natural products is gaining importance as new control strategy to combat the virulence and biofilms of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, the crude extract of Plumbago zeylanica was fractioned in different solvents using liquid-liquid partitioning to obtain the most bioactive fraction. The inhibitory effect of the bioactive extract of P. zeylanica on QS at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was studied against Chromobacterium violaceum 12472, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and Serratia marcescens MTCC 97. Biofilm inhibition was studied using microtiter plate assay, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Major phytocompounds detected were cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal, plumbagin, asarone, 4-chromanol, phthalic acid, palmitic acid, ergost-5-en-3-ol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol. The violacein production in C. violaceum 12472 was reduced by >80% in the presence of P. zeylanica hexane fraction (PZHF; 200 μg/ml). The most active PZHF inhibited QS-mediated virulence factors of P. aeruginosa PAO1 such as pyocyanin, pyoverdin, rhamnolipid production, motility, etc., significantly at sub-MICs. Similarly, PZHF showed 59 to 76% inhibition of biofilm formation of above test pathogens. The findings revealed that active fraction of P. zeylanica was effective against the QS-regulated functions and biofilms development of Gram -ve pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Abul Qais
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa Albalawi
- Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Albalawi
- Department of Biology, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Rajpal S, Bhakta S, Mishra P. Biomarker imprinted magnetic core-shell nanoparticles for rapid, culture free detection of pathogenic bacteria. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2436-2446. [PMID: 33625438 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02842h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and selective detection of microorganisms in complex biological systems draws huge attention to address the rising issue of antimicrobial resistance. Diagnostics based on the identification of whole microorganisms are laborious, time-consuming and costly, thus alternative strategies for early clinical diagnosis include biomarker based microbial detection. This paper describes a low-cost, easy-to-use method for the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections by specifically identifying a biomarker pyocyanin, using surface-molecularly imprinted nanoparticles or "plastibodies". The selective nanopockets are created by templating pyocyanin onto 20 nm allyl-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles coated with a thin layer of the acrylamide-based polymer. This functional material with an impressive imprinting factor (IF) of 5 and a binding capacity of ∼2.5 mg g-1 of polymers can be directly applied for the detection of bacteria in complex biological samples based on the presence of pyocyanin. These MIPs are highly selective and sensitive to pyocyanin and can consistently bind with pyocyanin in repeated use. Finally, the facile and efficient capture of pyocyanin has versatile applications ranging from biomarker based culture free detection of P. aeruginosa to monitoring of the therapeutic regime, in addition to developing a new class of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Rajpal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Snehasis Bhakta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India. and Department of Chemistry, Cooch Behar College, West Bengal 736101, India and Nanoscale Research Facilities, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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16
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Morin CD, Déziel E, Gauthier J, Levesque RC, Lau GW. An Organ System-Based Synopsis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence. Virulence 2021; 12:1469-1507. [PMID: 34180343 PMCID: PMC8237970 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1926408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven in part by its metabolic versatility, high intrinsic antibiotic resistance, and a large repertoire of virulence factors, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is expertly adapted to thrive in a wide variety of environments, and in the process, making it a notorious opportunistic pathogen. Apart from the extensively studied chronic infection in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis (CF), P. aeruginosa also causes multiple serious infections encompassing essentially all organs of the human body, among others, lung infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, primary ciliary dyskinesia and ventilator-associated pneumonia; bacteremia and sepsis; soft tissue infection in burns, open wounds and postsurgery patients; urinary tract infection; diabetic foot ulcers; chronic suppurative otitis media and otitis externa; and keratitis associated with extended contact lens use. Although well characterized in the context of CF, pathogenic processes mediated by various P. aeruginosa virulence factors in other organ systems remain poorly understood. In this review, we use an organ system-based approach to provide a synopsis of disease mechanisms exerted by P. aeruginosa virulence determinants that contribute to its success as a versatile pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Morin
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Déziel
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeff Gauthier
- Département De Microbiologie-infectiologie Et Immunologie, Institut De Biologie Intégrative Et Des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roger C Levesque
- Département De Microbiologie-infectiologie Et Immunologie, Institut De Biologie Intégrative Et Des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gee W Lau
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, US
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17
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Klebba PE, Newton SMC, Six DA, Kumar A, Yang T, Nairn BL, Munger C, Chakravorty S. Iron Acquisition Systems of Gram-negative Bacterial Pathogens Define TonB-Dependent Pathways to Novel Antibiotics. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5193-5239. [PMID: 33724814 PMCID: PMC8687107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an indispensable metabolic cofactor in both pro- and eukaryotes, which engenders a natural competition for the metal between bacterial pathogens and their human or animal hosts. Bacteria secrete siderophores that extract Fe3+ from tissues, fluids, cells, and proteins; the ligand gated porins of the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane actively acquire the resulting ferric siderophores, as well as other iron-containing molecules like heme. Conversely, eukaryotic hosts combat bacterial iron scavenging by sequestering Fe3+ in binding proteins and ferritin. The variety of iron uptake systems in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens illustrates a range of chemical and biochemical mechanisms that facilitate microbial pathogenesis. This document attempts to summarize and understand these processes, to guide discovery of immunological or chemical interventions that may thwart infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip E Klebba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Salete M C Newton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - David A Six
- Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 30 Spring Mill Drive, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Taihao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Brittany L Nairn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bethel University, 3900 Bethel Drive, St. Paul, Minnesota 55112, United States
| | - Colton Munger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Somnath Chakravorty
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
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18
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Questing functions and structures of hypothetical proteins from Campylobacter jejuni: a computer-aided approach. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225019. [PMID: 32458979 PMCID: PMC7284324 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is considered to be one of the most frequent causes of bacterial gastroenteritis globally, especially in young children. The genome of C. jejuni contains many proteins with unknown functions termed as hypothetical proteins (HPs). These proteins might have essential biological role to show the full spectrum of this bacterium. Hence, our study aimed to determine the functions of HPs, pertaining to the genome of C. jejuni. An in-silico work flow integrating various tools were performed for functional assignment, three-dimensional structure determination, domain architecture predictors, subcellular localization, physicochemical characterization, and protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Sequences of 267 HPs of C. jejuni were analyzed and successfully attributed the function of 49 HPs with higher confidence. Here, we found proteins with enzymatic activity, transporters, binding and regulatory proteins as well as proteins with biotechnological interest. Assessment of the performance of various tools used in this analysis revealed an accuracy of 95% using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Functional and structural predictions and the results from ROC analyses provided the validity of in-silico tools used in the present study. The approach used for this analysis leads us to assign the function of unknown proteins and relate them with the functions that have already been described in previous literature.
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19
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Gonçalves T, Vasconcelos U. Colour Me Blue: The History and the Biotechnological Potential of Pyocyanin. Molecules 2021; 26:927. [PMID: 33578646 PMCID: PMC7916356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyocyanin was the first natural phenazine described. The molecule is synthesized by about 95% of the strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From discovery up to now, pyocyanin has been characterised by a very rich and avant-garde history, which includes its use in antimicrobial therapy, even before the discovery of penicillin opened the era of antibiotic therapy, as well as its use in electric current generation. Exhibiting an exuberant blue colour and being easy to obtain, this pigment is the subject of the present review, aiming to narrate its history as well as to unveil its mechanisms and suggest new horizons for applications in different areas of engineering, biology and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrich Vasconcelos
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, R. Ipê Amarelo, s/n, Campus I, João Pessoa PB-CEP 58051-900, Brazil;
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20
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Abstract
Antimicrobial therapies against cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infections are largely aimed at the traditional, well-studied CF pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia complex, despite the fact that the CF lung harbors a complex and dynamic polymicrobial community. A clinical focus on the dominant pathogens ignores potentially important community-level interactions in disease pathology, perhaps explaining why these treatments are often less effective than predicted based on in vitro testing. Antimicrobial therapies against cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infections are largely aimed at the traditional, well-studied CF pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia complex, despite the fact that the CF lung harbors a complex and dynamic polymicrobial community. A clinical focus on the dominant pathogens ignores potentially important community-level interactions in disease pathology, perhaps explaining why these treatments are often less effective than predicted based on in vitro testing. A better understanding of the ecological dynamics of this ecosystem may enable clinicians to harness these interactions and thereby improve treatment outcomes. Like all ecosystems, the CF lung microbial community develops through a series of stages, each of which may present with distinct microbial communities that generate unique host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions, metabolic profiles, and clinical phenotypes. While insightful models have been developed to explain some of these stages and interactions, there is no unifying model to describe how these infections develop and persist. Here, we review current perspectives on the ecology of the CF airway and present the CF Ecological Succession (CFES) model that aims to capture the spatial and temporal complexity of CF lung infection, address current challenges in disease management, and inform the development of ecologically driven therapeutic strategies.
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21
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Keown K, Reid A, Moore JE, Taggart CC, Downey DG. Coinfection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus in cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/158/200011. [PMID: 33208485 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0011-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterised by mucus stasis, chronic infection and inflammation, causing progressive structural lung disease and eventual respiratory failure. CF airways are inhabited by an ecologically diverse polymicrobial environment with vast potential for interspecies interactions, which may be a contributing factor to disease progression. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus are the most common bacterial and fungal species present in CF airways respectively and coinfection results in a worse disease phenotype. METHODS In this review we examine existing expert knowledge of chronic co-infection with P. aeruginosa and A. fumigatus in CF patients. We summarise the mechanisms of interaction and evaluate the clinical and inflammatory impacts of this co-infection. RESULTS P. aeruginosa inhibits A. fumigatus through multiple mechanisms: phenazine secretion, iron competition, quorum sensing and through diffusible small molecules. A. fumigatus reciprocates inhibition through gliotoxin release and phenotypic adaptations enabling evasion of P. aeruginosa inhibition. Volatile organic compounds secreted by P. aeruginosa stimulate A. fumigatus growth, while A. fumigatus stimulates P. aeruginosa production of cytotoxic elastase. CONCLUSION A complex bi-directional relationship exists between P. aeruginosa and A. fumigatus, exhibiting both mutually antagonistic and cooperative facets. Cross-sectional data indicate a worsened disease state in coinfected patients; however, robust longitudinal studies are required to derive causality and to determine whether interspecies interaction contributes to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Keown
- Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK.,Wellcome Wolfson Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Alastair Reid
- Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - John E Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Dept of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Clifford C Taggart
- Wellcome Wolfson Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Damian G Downey
- Wellcome Wolfson Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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22
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Volatilome Characteristics and Adaptations in Chronic Cystic Fibrosis Lung Infections. mSphere 2020; 5:5/5/e00843-20. [PMID: 33028687 PMCID: PMC7568651 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00843-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF), which are correlated with lung function decline. Significant clinical efforts are therefore aimed at detecting infections and tracking them for phenotypic changes, such as mucoidy and antibiotic resistance. Both the detection and tracking of lung infections rely on sputum cultures, but due to improvements in CF therapies, sputum production is declining, although risks for lung infections persist. Therefore, we are working toward the development of breath-based diagnostics for CF lung infections. In this study, we characterized of the volatile metabolomes of 81 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates collected from 17 CF patients over a duration of at least 5 years of a chronic lung infection. We found that the volatilome of P. aeruginosa adapts over time and is correlated with infection phenotype changes, suggesting that it may be possible to track chronic CF lung infections with a breath test. Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic lung infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) significantly reduce quality of life and increase morbidity and mortality. Tracking these infections is critical for monitoring patient health and informing treatments. We are working toward the development of novel breath-based biomarkers to track chronic P. aeruginosa lung infections in situ. Using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOF-MS), we characterized the in vitro volatile metabolomes (“volatilomes”) of 81 P. aeruginosa isolates collected from 17 CF patients over at least a 5-year period of their chronic lung infections. We detected 539 volatiles produced by the P. aeruginosa isolates, 69 of which were core volatiles that were highly conserved. We found that each early infection isolate has a unique volatilome, and as infection progresses, the volatilomes of isolates from the same patient become increasingly dissimilar, to the point that these intrapatient isolates are no more similar to one another than to isolates from other patients. We observed that the size and chemical diversity of P. aeruginosa volatilomes do not change over the course of chronic infections; however, the relative abundances of core hydrocarbons, alcohols, and aldehydes do change and are correlated with changes in phenotypes associated with chronic infections. This study indicates that it may be feasible to track P. aeruginosa chronic lung infections by measuring changes to the infection volatilome and lays the groundwork for exploring the translatability of this approach to direct measurement using patient breath. IMPORTANCEPseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF), which are correlated with lung function decline. Significant clinical efforts are therefore aimed at detecting infections and tracking them for phenotypic changes, such as mucoidy and antibiotic resistance. Both the detection and tracking of lung infections rely on sputum cultures, but due to improvements in CF therapies, sputum production is declining, although risks for lung infections persist. Therefore, we are working toward the development of breath-based diagnostics for CF lung infections. In this study, we characterized of the volatile metabolomes of 81 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates collected from 17 CF patients over a duration of at least 5 years of a chronic lung infection. We found that the volatilome of P. aeruginosa adapts over time and is correlated with infection phenotype changes, suggesting that it may be possible to track chronic CF lung infections with a breath test.
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23
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Pip serves as an intermediate in RpoS-modulated phz2 expression and pyocyanin production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104409. [PMID: 32707314 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyocyanin, a main virulence factor that is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, plays an important role in pathogen-host interaction during infection. Two copies of phenazine-biosynthetic operons on genome, phz1 (phzA1B1C1D1E1F1G1) and phz2 (phzA2B2C2D2E2F2G2), contribute to phenazine biosynthesis. In our previous study, we found that RpoS positively regulates expression of the phz2 operon and pyocyanin biosynthesis in P. aeruginosa PAO1. In this work, when a TetR-family regulator gene, pip, was knocked out, we found that pyocyanin production was dramatically reduced, indicating that Pip positively regulates pyocyanin biosynthesis. With further phenazines quantification and β-galactosidase assay, we confirmed that Pip positively regulates phz2 expression, but does not regulate phz1 expression. In addition, while the rpoS gene was deleted, expression of pip was down-regulated. Expression of rpoS in the wild-type PAO1 strain, however, was similar to that in the Pip-deficient mutant PAΔpip, suggesting that expression of pip could positively be regulated by RpoS, whereas rpoS could not be regulated by Pip. Taken together, we drew a conclusion that Pip might serve as an intermediate in RpoS-modulated expression of the phz2 operon and pyocyanin biosynthesis in P. aeruginosa.
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24
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Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Carum copticum: Assessment of its quorum sensing and biofilm inhibitory potential against gram negative bacterial pathogens. Microb Pathog 2020; 144:104172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Exendin-4 restores airway mucus homeostasis through the GLP1R-PKA-PPARγ-FOXA2-phosphatase signaling. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:637-651. [PMID: 32034274 PMCID: PMC7664156 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia and excessive mucus are prominent pathologies of chronic airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), and chronic bronchitis. Chronic infection by respiratory pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, exacerbates cyclical proinflammatory responses and mucus hypersecretion. P. aeruginosa and its virulence factor pyocyanin contribute to these pathologies by inhibiting FOXA2, a key transcriptional regulator of mucus homeostasis, through activation of antagonistic signaling pathways EGFR-AKT/ERK1/2 and IL-4/IL-13-STAT6-SPDEF. However, FOXA2-targeted therapy has not been previously explored. Here, we examined the feasibility of repurposing the incretin mimetic Exendin-4 to restore FOXA2-mediated airway mucus homeostasis. We have found that Exendin-4 restored FOXA2 expression, attenuated mucin production in COPD and CF-diseased airway cells, and reduced mucin and P. aeruginosa burden in mouse lungs. Mechanistically, Exendin-4 activated the GLP1R-PKA-PPAR-γ-dependent phosphatases PTEN and PTP1B, which inhibited key kinases within both EGFR and STAT6 signaling cascades. Our results may lead to the repurposing of Exendin-4 and other incretin mimetics to restore FOXA2 function and ultimately regulate excessive mucus in diseased airways.
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26
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Chatterjee P, Sass G, Swietnicki W, Stevens DA. Review of Potential Pseudomonas Weaponry, Relevant to the Pseudomonas-Aspergillus Interplay, for the Mycology Community. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6020081. [PMID: 32517271 PMCID: PMC7345761 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most prominent opportunistic bacteria in airways of cystic fibrosis patients and in immunocompromised patients. These bacteria share the same polymicrobial niche with other microbes, such as the opportunistic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Their inter-kingdom interactions and diverse exchange of secreted metabolites are responsible for how they both fare in competition for ecological niches. The outcomes of their contests likely determine persistent damage and degeneration of lung function. With a myriad of virulence factors and metabolites of promising antifungal activity, P. aeruginosa products or their derivatives may prove useful in prophylaxis and therapy against A. fumigatus. Quorum sensing underlies the primary virulence strategy of P. aeruginosa, which serves as cell–cell communication and ultimately leads to the production of multiple virulence factors. Understanding the quorum-sensing-related pathogenic mechanisms of P. aeruginosa is a first step for understanding intermicrobial competition. In this review, we provide a basic overview of some of the central virulence factors of P. aeruginosa that are regulated by quorum-sensing response pathways and briefly discuss the hitherto known antifungal properties of these virulence factors. This review also addresses the role of the bacterial secretion machinery regarding virulence factor secretion and maintenance of cell–cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulami Chatterjee
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA 95128, USA; (P.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriele Sass
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA 95128, USA; (P.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Wieslaw Swietnicki
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 50-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - David A. Stevens
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA 95128, USA; (P.C.); (G.S.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-408-998-4554
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Vilaplana L, Marco MP. Phenazines as potential biomarkers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: synthesis regulation, pathogenesis and analytical methods for their detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5897-5912. [PMID: 32462363 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are still a worldwide important problem. This fact has led to the characterization of new biomarkers that would allow an early, fast and reliable diagnostic and targeted therapy. In this context, Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be considered one of the most threatening pathogens since it causes a wide range of infections, mainly in patients that suffer other diseases. Antibiotic treatment is not trivial given the incidence of resistance processes and the fewer new antibiotics that are placed on the market. With this scenario, relevant quorum sensing (QS) molecules that regulate the secretion of virulence factors and biofilm formation can play an important role in diagnostic and therapeutic issues. In this review, we have focused our attention on phenazines, as possible new biomarkers. They are pigmented metabolites that are produced by diverse bacteria, characterized for presenting unique redox properties. Phenazines are involved in virulence, competitive fitness and are an essential component of the bacterial QS system. Here we describe their role in bacterial pathogenesis and we revise phenazine production regulation systems. We also discuss phenazine levels previously reported in bacterial isolates and in clinical samples to evaluate them as putative good candidates to be used as P. aeruginosa infection biomarkers. Moreover we deeply go through all analytical techniques that have been used for their detection and also new approaches are discussed from a critical point. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluïsa Vilaplana
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M-Pilar Marco
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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Choi W, Choe S, Lau GW. Inactivation of FOXA2 by Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens and Dysregulation of Pulmonary Mucus Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:515. [PMID: 32269574 PMCID: PMC7109298 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) proteins are transcriptional factors that regulate various cellular processes. This minireview provides an overview of FOXA2 functions, with a special emphasis on the regulation airway mucus homeostasis in both healthy and diseased lungs. FOXA2 plays crucial roles during lung morphogenesis, surfactant protein production, goblet cell differentiation and mucin expression. In healthy airways, FOXA2 exerts a tight control over goblet cell development and mucin biosynthesis. However, in diseased airways, microbial infections and proinflammatory responses deplete FOXA2 expression, resulting in uncontrolled goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia, mucus hypersecretion, and impaired mucociliary clearance of pathogens. Furthermore, accumulated mucus clogs the airways and creates a niche environment for persistent microbial colonization and infection, leading to acute exacerbation and deterioration of pulmonary function in patients with chronic lung diseases. Various studies have shown that FOXA2 inhibition is mediated through induction of antagonistic EGFR and IL-13R-STAT6 signaling pathways as well as through posttranslational modifications induced by microbial infections. An improved understanding of how bacterial pathogens inactivate FOXA2 may pave the way for developing therapeutics that preserve the protein's function, which in turn, will improve the mucus status and mucociliary clearance of pathogens, reduce microbial-mediated acute exacerbation and restore lung function in patients with chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woosuk Choi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Shawn Choe
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Gee W Lau
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Margalit A, Kavanagh K, Carolan JC. Characterization of the Proteomic Response of A549 Cells Following Sequential Exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:279-291. [PMID: 31693381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most prevalent fungal and bacterial pathogens associated with cystic-fibrosis-related infections, respectively. P. aeruginosa eventually predominates as the primary pathogen, though it is unknown why this is the case. Label-free quantitative proteomics was employed to investigate the cellular response of the alveolar epithelial cell line, A549, to coexposure of A. fumigatus and P. aeruginosa. These studies revealed a significant increase in the rate of P. aeruginosa proliferation where A. fumigatus was present. Shotgun proteomics performed on A549 cells exposed to either A. fumigatus or P. aeruginosa or to A. fumigatus and P. aeruginosa sequentially revealed distinct changes to the host cell proteome in response to either or both pathogens. While key signatures of infection were retained among all pathogen-exposed groups, including changes in mitochondrial activity and energy output, the relative abundance of proteins associated with endocytosis, phagosomes, and lysosomes was decreased in sequentially exposed cells compared to cells exposed to either pathogen. Our findings indicate that A. fumigatus renders A549 cells unable to internalize bacteria, thus providing an environment in which P. aeruginosa can proliferate. This research provides novel insights into the whole-cell proteomic response of A549 cells to A. fumigatus and P. aeruginosa and highlights distinct differences in the proteome following sequential exposure to both pathogens, which may explain why P. aeruginosa can predominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatte Margalit
- Department of Biology , Maynooth University , Maynooth, Co. Kildare W23F2H6 , Ireland
| | - Kevin Kavanagh
- Department of Biology , Maynooth University , Maynooth, Co. Kildare W23F2H6 , Ireland
| | - James C Carolan
- Department of Biology , Maynooth University , Maynooth, Co. Kildare W23F2H6 , Ireland
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Refinement of metabolite detection in cystic fibrosis sputum reveals heme correlates with lung function decline. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226578. [PMID: 31851705 PMCID: PMC6919587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial growth environment within cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum is complex, dynamic, and shaped by both host and microbial processes. Characterization of the chemical parameters within sputum that stimulate the in vivo growth of airway pathogens (e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and their associated virulence factors may lead to improved CF treatment strategies. Motivated by conflicting reports of the prevalence and abundance of P. aeruginosa-derived metabolites known as phenazines within CF airway secretions, we sought to quantify these metabolites in sputum using quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In contrast to our previous work, all phenazines tested (pyocyanin (PYO), phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), phenazine-1-carboxamide, and 1-hydroxyphenazine) were below detection limits of the instrument (0.1 μM). Instead, we identified a late-eluting compound that shared retention time and absorbance characteristics with PCA, yet generated mass spectra and a fragmentation pattern consistent with ferriprotoporphyrin IX, otherwise known as heme B. These data suggested that UV-vis chromatographic peaks previously attributed to PCA and PYO in sputum were mis-assigned. Indeed, retrospective analysis of raw data from our prior study found that the heme B peak closely matched the peaks assigned to PCA, indicating that the previous study likely uncovered a positive correlation between pulmonary function (percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second, or ppFEV1) and heme B, not PCA or any other phenazine. To independently test this observation, we performed a new tandem mass-spectrometry analysis of 71 additional samples provided by the Mountain West CF Consortium Sputum Biomarker study and revealed a positive correlation (ρ = −0.47, p<0.001) between sputum heme concentrations and ppFEV1. Given that hemoptysis is strongly associated with airway inflammation, pulmonary exacerbations and impaired lung function, these new data suggest that heme B may be a useful biomarker of CF pathophysiology.
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Žukovskaja O, Agafilushkina S, Sivakov V, Weber K, Cialla-May D, Osminkina L, Popp J. Rapid detection of the bacterial biomarker pyocyanin in artificial sputum using a SERS-active silicon nanowire matrix covered by bimetallic noble metal nanoparticles. Talanta 2019; 202:171-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Corcoran TE, Huber AS, Myerburg MM, Weiner DJ, Locke LW, Lacy RT, Weber L, Czachowski MR, Johnston DJ, Muthukrishnan A, Lennox AT, Pilewski JM. Multiprobe Nuclear Imaging of the Cystic Fibrosis Lung as a Biomarker of Therapeutic Effect. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2019; 32:242-249. [PMID: 30969149 PMCID: PMC6685188 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2018.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nuclear imaging biomarkers illustrate unique aspects of lung physiology and are useful for assessing therapeutic effects in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. We have developed a multiprobe method to simultaneously measure mucociliary clearance (MCC) and paracellular absorption (ABS). MCC is a direct measure of mucus clearance. ABS has been related to airway surface liquid (ASL) absorption through previous in vitro studies. Methods: We describe baseline factors affecting MCC and ABS using data from a retrospective baseline group (n = 22) and the response of the measures to inhaled 7% hypertonic saline (HS) and dry powder mannitol using data from a prospective response group (n = 7). A retrospective healthy control group (n = 15) is also described. The baseline and control groups performed single measurements of MCC/ABS. The response group performed baseline measurements of MCC/ABS and measurements after each intervention. Results: ABS was correlated (Spearman's ρ = 0.51, p = 0.06) to sweat chloride, a systemic measure of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function, whereas MCC was not. Baseline MCC was depressed after Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection as we have previously described. MCC provided a more sensitive indication of therapeutic effect and indicated improved clearance with mannitol compared with HS. Conclusion: MCC provides a useful and well-established means of testing therapies directed at improving mucus clearance in the lung. ABS may provide a means of detecting local changes in ASL absorption and CFTR function in the lung. Both are useful tools for studying the key aspects of CF lung pathophysiology (ASL hyperabsorption and MCC depression) that link the basic genetic defects of CF to disease manifestations in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E. Corcoran
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alex S. Huber
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael M. Myerburg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel J. Weiner
- Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Landon W. Locke
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ryan T. Lacy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lawrence Weber
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael R. Czachowski
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Darragh J. Johnston
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Alison T. Lennox
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph M. Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Sun L, Chi X, Feng Z, Wang K, Kai L, Zhang K, Cheng S, Hao X, Xie W, Ge Y. phz1 contributes much more to phenazine-1-carboxylic acid biosynthesis than phz2 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa rpoS mutant. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:914-923. [PMID: 31294863 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, a common opportunistic bacterial pathogen, contains two phenazine-biosynthetic operons, phz1 (phzA1 B1 C1 D1 E1 F1 G1 ) and phz2 (phzA2 B2 C2 D2 E2 F2 G2 ). Each of two operons can independently encode a set of enzymes involving in the biosynthesis of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid. As a global transcriptional regulator, RpoS mediates a lot of genes involving secondary metabolites biosynthesis in many bacteria. In an other previous study, it was reported that RpoS deficiency caused overproduction of pyocyanin, a derivative of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid in P. aeruginosa PAO1. But it is not known how RpoS mediates the expression of each of two phz operons and modulates phenazine-1-carboxylic acid biosynthesis in detail. In this study, by deleting the rpoS gene in the mutant PNΔphz1 and the mutant PNΔphz2, we found that the phz1 operon contributes much more to phenazine-1-carboxylic acid biosynthesis than the phz2 operon in the absence of RpoS. With the construction of the translational and transcriptional fusion vectors with the truncated lacZ reporter gene, we demonstrated that RpoS negatively regulates the expression of phz1 and positively controls the expression of phz2, and the regulation of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid biosynthesis mediated by RopS occurs at the posttranscriptional level, not at the transcriptional level. Obviously, two copies of phz operons and their differential expression mediated by RpoS might help P. aeruginosa adapt to its diverse environments and establish infection in its hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longshuo Sun
- Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chi
- Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhibin Feng
- Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Kewen Wang
- Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Le Kai
- Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Kailu Zhang
- Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Shiwei Cheng
- Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiuying Hao
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Applied Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Weihai Xie
- Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yihe Ge
- Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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Interactions between Aspergillus fumigatus and Pulmonary Bacteria: Current State of the Field, New Data, and Future Perspective. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:jof5020048. [PMID: 31212791 PMCID: PMC6617096 DOI: 10.3390/jof5020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are central fungal and bacterial members of the pulmonary microbiota. The interactions between A. fumigatus and P. aeruginosa have only just begun to be explored. A balance between inhibitory and stimulatory effects on fungal growth was observed in mixed A. fumigatus-P. aeruginosa cultures. Negative interactions have been seen for homoserine-lactones, pyoverdine and pyochelin resulting from iron starvation and intracellular inhibitory reactive oxidant production. In contrast, several types of positive interactions were recognized. Dirhamnolipids resulted in the production of a thick fungal cell wall, allowing the fungus to resist stress. Phenazines and pyochelin favor iron uptake for the fungus. A. fumigatus is able to use bacterial volatiles to promote its growth. The immune response is also differentially regulated by co-infections.
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Selective pressures during chronic infection drive microbial competition and cooperation. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2019; 5:16. [PMID: 31263568 PMCID: PMC6555799 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-019-0089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections often contain complex mixtures of pathogenic and commensal microorganisms ranging from aerobic and anaerobic bacteria to fungi and viruses. The microbial communities present in infected tissues are not passively co-existing but rather actively interacting with each other via a spectrum of competitive and/or cooperative mechanisms. Competition versus cooperation in these microbial interactions can be driven by both the composition of the microbial community as well as the presence of host defense strategies. These interactions are typically mediated via the production of secreted molecules. In this review, we will explore the possibility that microorganisms competing for nutrients at the host–pathogen interface can evolve seemingly cooperative mechanisms by controlling the production of subsets of secreted virulence factors. We will also address interspecies versus intraspecies utilization of community resources and discuss the impact that this phenomenon might have on co-evolution at the host–pathogen interface.
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Phenazine production promotes antibiotic tolerance and metabolic heterogeneity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Nat Commun 2019; 10:762. [PMID: 30770834 PMCID: PMC6377615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08733-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic efficacy can be antagonized by bioactive metabolites and other drugs present at infection sites. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common cause of biofilm-based infections, releases metabolites called phenazines that accept electrons to support cellular redox balancing. Here, we find that phenazines promote tolerance to clinically relevant antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, in P. aeruginosa biofilms and that this effect depends on the carbon source provided for growth. We couple stable isotope labeling with stimulated Raman scattering microscopy to visualize biofilm metabolic activity in situ. This approach shows that phenazines promote metabolism in microaerobic biofilm regions and influence metabolic responses to ciprofloxacin treatment. Consistent with roles of specific respiratory complexes in supporting phenazine utilization in biofilms, phenazine-dependent survival on ciprofloxacin is diminished in mutants lacking these enzymes. Our work introduces a technique for the chemical imaging of biosynthetic activity in biofilms and highlights complex interactions between bacterial products, their effects on biofilm metabolism, and the antibiotics we use to treat infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa releases redox-active metabolites called phenazines. Here, the authors use metabolic imaging by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy to show that phenazines antagonize the effects of antibiotics on P. aeruginosa biofilms by modulating bacterial metabolism.
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Marreiro de Sales-Neto J, Lima ÉA, Cavalcante-Silva LHA, Vasconcelos U, Rodrigues-Mascarenhas S. Anti-inflammatory potential of pyocyanin in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:102-108. [PMID: 30623710 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1555845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Context: Pyocyanin is a typical Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor, a common Gram-negative rod responsible for a wide range of severe nosocomial infections. There is evidence indicating that pyocyanin has multiple biological activities, but little is known about anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: This study investigated pyocyanin effect on nitric oxide and cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine peritoneal macrophages. Materials and methods: Macrophages were incubated in the presence and absence of pyocyanin (1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 µM) with and without LPS (1 µg/mL). Nitric oxide production was determined by Griess reagent and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β production was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, pyocyanin effects on zymosan A-induced peritonitis in mice were evaluated. Results: Pyocyanin (5 and 10 µM) decreased nitric oxide, TNF-α, and IL-1β production independent of macrophage death. On the other hand, in vivo, pyocyanin (5 mg/kg) was not able to affect leukocyte migration into the site of inflammation. Discussion and conclusion: Thus, our findings suggest that pyocyanin exerts anti-inflammatory effects on murine peritoneal macrophages, downregulating nitric oxide, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels, which seems to be independent of cell migration. These effects may represent a mechanism of immune evasion; nevertheless more detailed studies should be performed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - É A Lima
- a Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular , Universidade Federal da Paraíba , João Pessoa , Brazil
| | - L H A Cavalcante-Silva
- a Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular , Universidade Federal da Paraíba , João Pessoa , Brazil
| | - U Vasconcelos
- b Departamento de Biotecnologia , Universidade Federal da Paraíba , João Pessoa , Brazil
| | - S Rodrigues-Mascarenhas
- a Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular , Universidade Federal da Paraíba , João Pessoa , Brazil
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Qais FA, Khan MS, Ahmad I. Broad-spectrum quorum sensing and biofilm inhibition by green tea against gram-negative pathogenic bacteria: Deciphering the role of phytocompounds through molecular modelling. Microb Pathog 2019; 126:379-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Retraction: Phenazine Content in the Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Tract Negatively Correlates with Lung Function and Microbial Complexity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:134. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.601retraction] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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40
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Gallagher T, Phan J, Whiteson K. Getting Our Fingers on the Pulse of Slow-Growing Bacteria in Hard-To-Reach Places. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:e00540-18. [PMID: 30249702 PMCID: PMC6256019 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00540-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections with slow-growing pathogens have plagued humans throughout history. However, assessing the identities and growth rates of bacteria in an infection has remained an elusive goal. Neubauer et al. (J. Bacteriol. 200:e00365-18, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00365-18) combine two cutting-edge approaches to make progress on both fronts: probing specific RNA molecules to assess the identity of actively transcribing microbes and measuring growth rates through incorporation of stable isotope labels. They found that growth rates of pathogens were relatively stable during antibacterial therapy. The article delves into a basic and unanswered question that gets to the heart of understanding infection: what are the microbial growth rates?
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Gallagher
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Joann Phan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Katrine Whiteson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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41
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Zhao J, Yu W. Interaction between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus in cystic fibrosis. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5931. [PMID: 30430043 PMCID: PMC6231424 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease characterized by chronic airway infection with a high incidence and poor prognosis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus are pathogens commonly found in CF patients. Clinically, these two microorganisms often coexist in the airway of CF patients. Combined infection with P. aeruginosa and A. fumigatus results in worsening lung function and clinical condition. Methods In this review, we focus on the mutual inhibition and promotion mechanisms of P. aeruginosa and A. fumigatus in CF patients. We also summarized the mechanisms of the interaction between these pathogenic microorganisms. Results P. aeruginosa inhibits A. fumigatus growth through the effects of phenazines, the quorum sensing system, iron competition, bacteriophages, and small colony variants. P. aeruginosa induces A. fumigatus growth through volatile organic compounds and subbacteriostatic concentrations of phenazines. A. fumigatus interferes with P. aeruginosa, affecting its metabolic growth via phenazine metabolic transformation, gliotoxin production, and reduced antibiotic sensitivity. Discussion Coexistence of P. aeruginosa and A. fumigatus can lead to both mutual inhibition and promotion. In different stages of CF disease, the interaction between these two pathogenic microorganisms may shift between promotion and inhibition. A discussion of the mechanisms of P. aeruginosa and A. fumigatus interaction can be beneficial for further treatment of CF patients and for improving the prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wencheng Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Choi W, Yang AX, Waltenburg MA, Choe S, Steiner M, Radwan A, Lin J, Maddox CW, Stern AW, Fredrickson RL, Lau GW. FOXA2 depletion leads to mucus hypersecretion in canine airways with respiratory diseases. Cell Microbiol 2018; 21:e12957. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woosuk Choi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Alina X. Yang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Michelle A. Waltenburg
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Shawn Choe
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Madeline Steiner
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Ahmed Radwan
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Jingjun Lin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Carrol W. Maddox
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Adam W. Stern
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Richard L. Fredrickson
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Gee W. Lau
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
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43
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Interaction of Bacterial Phenazines with Colistimethate in Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.02349-17. [PMID: 29784845 PMCID: PMC6105780 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02349-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are being increasingly treated in clinics with polymyxins, a class of antibiotics associated with adverse effects on the kidney, nervous system, or airways of a significant proportion of human and animal patients. Although many of the resistant pathogens display enhanced virulence, the hazard of cytotoxic interactions between polymyxin antibiotics and bacterial virulence factors (VFs) has not been assessed, to date. We report here the testing of paired combinations of four Pseudomonas aeruginosa VF phenazine toxins, pyocyanin (PYO), 1-hydroxyphenazine (1-HP), phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), and phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN), and two commonly prescribed polymyxin drugs, colistin-colistimethate sodium (CMS) and polymyxin B, in three human airway cell lines, BEAS-2B, HBE-1, and CFT-1. Cytotoxicities of individual antibiotics, individual toxins, and their combinations were evaluated by the simultaneous measurement of mitochondrial metabolic, total transcriptional/translational, and Nrf2 stress response regulator activities in treated cells. Two phenazines, PYO and 1-HP, were cytotoxic at clinically relevant concentrations (100 to 150 μM) and prompted a significant increase in oxidative stress-induced transcriptional activity in surviving cells. The polymyxin antibiotics arrested cell proliferation at clinically achievable (<1 mM) concentrations as well, with CMS displaying surprisingly high cytotoxicity (50% effective dose [ED50] = 180 μM) in BEAS-2B cells. The dose-response curves were probed by a median-effect analysis, which established a synergistically enhanced cytotoxicity of the PYO-CMS combination in all three airway cell lines; a particularly strong effect on BEAS-2B cells was observed, with a combination index (CI) of 0.27 at the ED50. PCA, PCN, and 1-HP potentiated CMS cytotoxicity to a smaller extent. The cytotoxicity of CMS could be reduced with 10 mM N-acetyl-cysteine. Iron chelators, while ineffective against the polymyxins, could rescue all three bronchial epithelial cell lines treated with lethal PYO or CMS-PYO doses. These findings suggest that further evaluations of CMS safety are needed, along with a search for means to moderate potentially cytotoxic interactions.
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Guo J, Liu Y, Chen Y, Li J, Ju H. A multifunctional SERS sticky note for real-time quorum sensing tracing and inactivation of bacterial biofilms. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5906-5911. [PMID: 30079204 PMCID: PMC6050527 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02078g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is crucial for bacterial survival and activity. Although detecting related signaling metabolites can reveal QS, a versatile platform for convenient real-time imaging of their secretion in the context of bacterial biofilms along with inhibition to the growth of biofilms is still highly desired. Here we develop a flexible sticky note with a sandwich structure by encapsulating gold nanostars between two pieces of hexagonal boron nitride layers, which can be easily pasted on natural biofilms to monitor in real-time the secreted signaling molecule by SERS imaging with high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its pyocyanin secretion as a model and an internal standard for self-calibration of SERS signals, the sticky note achieves reliable quantification and a rapid response to the secretion as early as 1 h biofilm growth. With antibiotic loading, the multifunctional SERS sticky note also demonstrated effective inactivation of the bacterial biofilm with simultaneous evaluation of the inactivation effect. This multifunctional SERS sticky note provides a versatile platform for investigating bacterial behaviors and developing antibacterial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Yunlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Jianqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
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45
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Abstract
In response to microbial infection, the human host deploys metal-sequestering host-defense proteins, which reduce nutrient availability and thereby inhibit microbial growth and virulence. Calprotectin (CP) is an abundant antimicrobial protein released from neutrophils and epithelial cells at sites of infection. CP sequesters divalent first-row transition metal ions to limit the availability of essential metal nutrients in the extracellular space. While functional and clinical studies of CP have been pursued for decades, advances in our understanding of its biological coordination chemistry, which is central to its role in the host-microbe interaction, have been made in more recent years. In this review, we focus on the coordination chemistry of CP and highlight studies of its metal-binding properties and contributions to the metal-withholding innate immune response. Taken together, these recent studies inform our current model of how CP participates in metal homeostasis and immunity, and they provide a foundation for further investigations of a remarkable metal-chelating protein at the host-microbe interface and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Zygiel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
| | - Elizabeth M Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
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46
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Bodelón G, Montes-García V, Pérez-Juste J, Pastoriza-Santos I. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy for Label-Free Analysis of P. aeruginosa Quorum Sensing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:143. [PMID: 29868499 PMCID: PMC5958199 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial quorum sensing systems regulate the production of an ample variety of bioactive extracellular compounds that are involved in interspecies microbial interactions and in the interplay between the microbes and their hosts. The development of new approaches for enabling chemical detection of such cellular activities is important in order to gain new insight into their function and biological significance. In recent years, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has emerged as an ultrasensitive analytical tool employing rationally designed plasmonic nanostructured substrates. This review highlights recent advances of SERS spectroscopy for label-free detection and imaging of quorum sensing-regulated processes in the human opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We also briefly describe the challenges and limitations of the technique and conclude with a summary of future prospects for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Bodelón
- Departamento de Química Física y Centro Singular de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Verónica Montes-García
- Departamento de Química Física y Centro Singular de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Juste
- Departamento de Química Física y Centro Singular de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Isabel Pastoriza-Santos
- Departamento de Química Física y Centro Singular de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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47
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Phan J, Gallagher T, Oliver A, England WE, Whiteson K. Fermentation products in the cystic fibrosis airways induce aggregation and dormancy-associated expression profiles in a CF clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:4956521. [PMID: 29617986 PMCID: PMC5928460 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a well-known dominant opportunistic pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) with a wide range of metabolic capacities. However, P. aeruginosa does not colonize the airways alone, and benefits from the metabolic products of neighboring cells-especially volatile molecules that can travel between different parts of the airways easily. Here, we present a study that investigates the metabolic, gene expression profiles and phenotypic responses of a P. aeruginosa clinical isolate to fermentation products lactic acid and 2,3-butanediol, metabolites that are produced by facultative anaerobic members of the CF polymicrobial community and potential biomarkers of disease progression. Although previous studies have successfully investigated the metabolic and transcriptional profiles of P. aeruginosa, most have used common lab reference strains that may differ in important ways from clinical isolates. Using transcriptomics and metabolomics with gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry, we observe that fermentation products induce pyocyanin production along with the expression of genes involved in P. aeruginosa amino acid utilization, dormancy and aggregative or biofilm modes of growth. These findings have important implications for how interactions within the diverse CF microbial community influence microbial physiology, with potential clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann Phan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California at Irvine, 3315 McGaugh Hall, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tara Gallagher
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California at Irvine, 3315 McGaugh Hall, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Andrew Oliver
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California at Irvine, 3315 McGaugh Hall, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Whitney E England
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California at Irvine, 3315 McGaugh Hall, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Katrine Whiteson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California at Irvine, 3315 McGaugh Hall, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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48
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O'Brien S, Fothergill JL. The role of multispecies social interactions in shaping Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity in the cystic fibrosis lung. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 364:3958795. [PMID: 28859314 PMCID: PMC5812498 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major pathogen in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. However, it is now recognised that a diverse microbial community exists in the airways comprising aerobic and anaerobic bacteria as well as fungi and viruses. This rich soup of microorganisms provides ample opportunity for interspecies interactions, particularly when considering secreted compounds. Here, we discuss how P. aeruginosa-secreted products can have community-wide effects, with the potential to ultimately shape microbial community dynamics within the lung. We focus on three well-studied traits associated with worsening clinical outcome in CF: phenazines, siderophores and biofilm formation, and discuss how secretions can shape interactions between P. aeruginosa and other commonly encountered members of the lung microbiome: Staphylococcus aureus, the Burkholderia cepacia complex, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. These interactions may shape the evolutionary trajectory of P. aeruginosa while providing new opportunities for therapeutic exploitation of the CF lung microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán O'Brien
- Center for Adaptation to a Changing Environment (ACE), ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Joanne L Fothergill
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L69 7B3, UK
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Nguyen CQ, Thrift WJ, Bhattacharjee A, Ranjbar S, Gallagher T, Darvishzadeh-Varcheie M, Sanderson RN, Capolino F, Whiteson K, Baldi P, Hochbaum AI, Ragan R. Longitudinal Monitoring of Biofilm Formation via Robust Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Quantification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Produced Metabolites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:12364-12373. [PMID: 29589446 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Detection of bacterial metabolites at low concentrations in fluids with complex background allows for applications ranging from detecting biomarkers of respiratory infections to identifying contaminated medical instruments. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, when utilizing plasmonic nanogaps, has the relatively unique capacity to reach trace molecular detection limits in a label-free format, yet large-area device fabrication incorporating nanogaps with this level of performance has proven difficult. Here, we demonstrate the advantages of using chemical assembly to fabricate SERS surfaces with controlled nanometer gap spacings between plasmonic nanospheres. Control of nanogap spacings via the length of the chemical crosslinker provides uniform SERS signals, exhibiting detection of pyocyanin, a secondary metabolite of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in aqueous media at concentration of 100 pg·mL-1. When using machine learning algorithms to analyze the SERS data of the conditioned medium from a bacterial culture, having a more complex background, we achieve 1 ng·mL-1 limit of detection of pyocyanin and robust quantification of concentration spanning 5 orders of magnitude. Nanogaps are also incorporated in an in-line microfluidic device, enabling longitudinal monitoring of P. aeruginosa biofilm formation via rapid pyocyanin detection in a medium effluent as early as 3 h after inoculation and quantification in under 9 h. Surface-attached bacteria exposed to a bactericidal antibiotic were differentially less susceptible after 10 h of growth, indicating that these devices may be useful for early intervention of bacterial infections.
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50
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Leipert J, Bobis I, Schubert S, Fickenscher H, Leippe M, Tholey A. Miniaturized dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and MALDI MS using ionic liquid matrices for the detection of bacterial communication molecules and virulence factors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4737-4748. [PMID: 29470663 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0937-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The identification and quantification of molecules involved in bacterial communication are major prerequisites for the understanding of interspecies interactions at the molecular level. We developed a procedure allowing the determination of 2-heptyl-4(1H)-quinolone (HHQ) and 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone (PQS) and the virulence factor pyocyanin (PYO) formed by the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The method is based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction from small supernatant volumes (below 10 μL) followed by quantitative matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS). The use of ionic liquid matrix led to a lowered limit of detection for pyocyanin and, due to suppression of matrix background signals, easy to interpret mass spectra compared to crystalline matrices. Using an isotope-labeled pyocyanin standard synthesized in small-scale synthesis, quantitative analysis spanning approximately one order of magnitude (0.5 to 250 fmol) was feasible. The method was successfully applied to the detection of the signaling molecules PQS and HHQ in cultures of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from sputum of cystic fibrosis patients and allowed a highly sensitive quantification of PYO from these cultures. Hence, the developed method bears the potential to be used for screening purposes in clinical settings and will help to decipher the molecular basis of bacterial communication. Graphical abstract Ionic liquid matrices for the detection and quantification of the toxin pyocyanin and other signaling molecules from P. aeruginosa by MALDI MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Leipert
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Niemannsweg 11, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingrid Bobis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sabine Schubert
- Institute for Infection Medicine, University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Helmut Fickenscher
- Institute for Infection Medicine, University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Leippe
- Zoological Institute, Comparative Immunobiology, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Niemannsweg 11, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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