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Zhang Y, Yang J, Liu P, Zhang RJ, Li JD, Bi YH, Li Y. Regulatory role of ncRNAs in pulmonary epithelial and endothelial barriers: Molecular therapy clues of influenza-induced acute lung injury. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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2
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Li X, Wang L, Hao J, Zhu Q, Guo M, Wu C, Li S, Guo Q, Ren Q, Bai N, Yi F, Jiang B, Zhang W, Feng Y, Xu H, Jiang H, Zhai X, Zhang G, Ji HL, Yang X, Zhang D, Fu J, Chang J, Song X, Cao L. The Role of Autophagy in Lamellar Body Formation and Surfactant Production in Type 2 Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:1107-1119. [PMID: 35173542 PMCID: PMC8771840 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The lamellar body (LB), a concentric structure loaded with surfactant proteins and phospholipids, is an organelle specific to type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AT2). However, the origin of LBs has not been fully elucidated. We have previously reported that autophagy regulates Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) formation, and here we demonstrated that autophagy is involved in LB maturation, another lysosome-related organelle. We found that during development, LBs were transformed from autophagic vacuoles containing cytoplasmic contents such as glycogen. Fusion between LBs and autophagosomes was observed in wild-type neonate mice. Moreover, the markers of autophagic activity, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B), largely co-localized on the limiting membrane of the LB. Both autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7) global knockout and conditional Atg7 knockdown in AT2 cells in mice led to defects in LB maturation and surfactant protein B production. Additionally, changes in autophagic activity altered LB formation and surfactant protein B production. Taken together, these results suggest that autophagy plays a critical role in the regulation of LB formation during development and the maintenance of LB homeostasis during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jialin Hao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Guo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Changjing Wu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sihui Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiuhong Ren
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Bai
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fei Yi
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongde Xu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Han Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhai
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-long Ji
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, USA
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianjun Chang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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D’Anna SE, Maniscalco M, Cappello F, Carone M, Motta A, Balbi B, Ricciardolo FLM, Caramori G, Di Stefano A. Bacterial and viral infections and related inflammatory responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Med 2021; 53:135-150. [PMID: 32997525 PMCID: PMC7877965 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1831050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, bacterial and viral infections play a relevant role in worsening lung function and, therefore, favour disease progression. The inflammatory response to lung infections may become a specific indication of the bacterial and viral infections. We here review data on the bacterial-viral infections and related airways and lung parenchyma inflammation in stable and exacerbated COPD, focussing our attention on the prevalent molecular pathways in these different clinical conditions. The roles of macrophages, autophagy and NETosis are also briefly discussed in the context of lung infections in COPD. Controlling their combined response may restore a balanced lung homeostasis, reducing the risk of lung function decline. KEY MESSAGE Bacteria and viruses can influence the responses of the innate and adaptive immune system in the lung of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The relationship between viruses and bacterial colonization, and the consequences of the imbalance of these components can modulate the inflammatory state of the COPD lung. The complex actions involving immune trigger cells, which activate innate and cell-mediated inflammatory responses, could be responsible for the clinical consequences of irreversible airflow limitation, lung remodelling and emphysema in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Telese, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata (BIND), Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Istologia Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Carone
- UOC Pulmonology and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Fabio L. M. Ricciardolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Torino, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini morfologiche e funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli studi di Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
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4
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Sheng T, Sun Y, Sun J, Prinz RA, Peng D, Liu X, Xu X. Role of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activation in H5N1 influenza A virus-induced c-Jun terminal kinase activation and virus replication. Virology 2019; 537:263-271. [PMID: 31539775 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Activation of c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK) by the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of the H5N1 subtype of influenza A virus (IAV) plays an important role in inducing autophagy and virus replication. However, the mechanisms of NS1-induced JNK activation remain elusive. Here we first confirmed the ability of H5N1 (A/mallard/Huadong/S/2005) to activate JNK and to induce autophagy in 293T cells, a human embryonic kidney cell line. We further showed that TAK1, MAP kinase kinase 4 (MKK4), and JNK were activated in 293T cells transfected with the NS1 gene of the H5N1 virus. JNK activation by the NS1 protein or by H5N1 virus was blocked by 5Z-7-Oxozeaenol (5Z), a TAK1-specific inhibitor, and by TAK1 siRNA. Further study showed that 5Z and TAK1 siRNA suppressed H5N1 virus-induced autophagy and inhibited virus replication. Our study unveiled a previously unrecognized role of TAK1 in IAV replication, IAV-induced JNK activation, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Sheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yuling Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Richard A Prinz
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Daxin Peng
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiulong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL60612, USA.
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5
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Sitaraman S, Na CL, Yang L, Filuta A, Bridges JP, Weaver TE. Proteasome dysfunction in alveolar type 2 epithelial cells is associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12509. [PMID: 31467330 PMCID: PMC6715642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasomes are a critical component of quality control that regulate turnover of short-lived, unfolded, and misfolded proteins. Proteasome activity has been therapeutically targeted and considered as a treatment option for several chronic lung disorders including pulmonary fibrosis. Although pharmacologic inhibition of proteasome activity effectively prevents the transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, the effect on alveolar type 2 (AT2) epithelial cells is not clear. To address this knowledge gap, we generated a genetic model in which a proteasome subunit, RPT3, which promotes assembly of active 26S proteasome, was conditionally deleted in AT2 cells of mice. Partial deletion of RPT3 resulted in 26S proteasome dysfunction, leading to augmented cell stress and cell death. Acute loss of AT2 cells resulted in depletion of alveolar surfactant, disruption of the alveolar epithelial barrier and, ultimately, lethal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study underscores importance of proteasome function in maintenance of AT2 cell homeostasis and supports the need to further investigate the role of proteasome dysfunction in ARDS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Sitaraman
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Cheng-Lun Na
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Alyssa Filuta
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - James P Bridges
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, 80206, USA
| | - Timothy E Weaver
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA.
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Zhang J, Ruan T, Sheng T, Wang J, Sun J, Wang J, Prinz RA, Peng D, Liu X, Xu X. Role of c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK) activation in influenza A virus-induced autophagy and replication. Virology 2019; 526:1-12. [PMID: 30316042 PMCID: PMC6424123 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of different influenza A virus (IAV) strains can differentially regulate the activity of c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK) and PI-3 kinase (PI3K). Whether varying JNK and PI3K activation impacts autophagy and IAV replication differently remains uncertain. Here we report that H5N1 (A/mallard/Huadong/S/2005) influenza A virus induced functional autophagy, as evidenced by increased LC3 lipidation and decreased p62 levels, and the presence of autolysosomes in chicken fibroblast cells. H9N2 (A/chicken/Shanghai/F/98) virus weakly induced autophagy, whereas H1N1 virus (A/PR/8/34, PR8) blocked autophagic flux. H5N1 virus activated JNK but inhibited the PI-3 kinase pathway. In contrast, N9N2 virus infection led to modest JNK activation and strong PI-3 kinase activation; whereas H1N1 virus activated the PI-3 kinase pathway but did not activate JNK. SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, inhibited H5N1 virus-induced autophagy and virus replication in a DF-1 chicken fibroblast cell line. Our study uncovered a previously unrecognized role of JNK in IAV replication and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Tao Ruan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Tianyu Sheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jiongjiong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- Center for Immunological Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Prinz
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston IL60201, USA
| | - Daxin Peng
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiulong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Aghasafari P, George U, Pidaparti R. A review of inflammatory mechanism in airway diseases. Inflamm Res 2018; 68:59-74. [PMID: 30306206 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation in the lung is the body's natural response to injury. It acts to remove harmful stimuli such as pathogens, irritants, and damaged cells and initiate the healing process. Acute and chronic pulmonary inflammation are seen in different respiratory diseases such as; acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and cystic fibrosis (CF). FINDINGS In this review, we found that inflammatory response in COPD is determined by the activation of epithelial cells and macrophages in the respiratory tract. Epithelial cells and macrophages discharge transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which trigger fibroblast proliferation and tissue remodeling. Asthma leads to airway hyper-responsiveness, obstruction, mucus hyper-production, and airway-wall remodeling. Cytokines, allergens, chemokines, and infectious agents are the main stimuli that activate signaling pathways in epithelial cells in asthma. Mutation of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene results in CF. Mutations in CFTR influence the lung epithelial innate immune function that leads to exaggerated and ineffective airway inflammation that fails to abolish pulmonary pathogens. We present mechanistic computational models (based on ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations and agent-based models) that have been applied in studying the complex physiological and pathological mechanisms of chronic inflammation in different airway diseases. CONCLUSION The scope of the present review is to explore the inflammatory mechanism in airway diseases and highlight the influence of aging on airways' inflammation mechanism. The main goal of this review is to encourage research collaborations between experimentalist and modelers to promote our understanding of the physiological and pathological mechanisms that control inflammation in different airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uduak George
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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8
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Li X, Li C, Liu JC, Pan YP, Li YG. In vitro effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis combined with influenza A virus on respiratory epithelial cells. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 95:125-133. [PMID: 30107300 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Respiratory epithelial cells are the first natural barrier against bacteria and viruses; hence, the interactions among epithelial cells, bacteria, and viruses are associated with disease occurrence and development. The effect of co-infection by P. gingivalis and influenza A virus (IAV) on respiratory epithelial cells remains unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze in vitro cell viability and apoptosis rates in respiratory epithelial A549 cells infected with P. gingivalis or IAV alone, or a combination of both pathogens. DESIGN A549 cells were first divided into a control group, a P. gingivalis group, an IAV group, and a P. gingivalis + IAV group, to examine cell viability and apoptosis rates, the levels of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 B (LC3-II), microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3A (LC3-I), and sequestosome 1 (P62), and the formation of autophagosomes. The autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3MA), was used to assess autophagy and apoptosis in A549 cells infected with P. gingivalis or IAV. RESULTS An MTT assay revealed that cell viability was significantly lower in the IAV group than in the P. gingivalis + IAV group (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry indicated that the apoptosis rate was significantly higher in the IAV group than in the P. gingivalis + IAV group (P < 0.05). The fluorescence levels of GFP-LC3 increased significantly, the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio was significantly higher, and the P62 protein levels were statistically lower in the P. gingivalis + IAV group compared with the IAV group (all P < 0.05). Western blotting revealed that the LC3- II/LC3-I ratio was significantly lower, and caspase-3 levels were significantly higher in the 3MA + P. gingivalis + IAV group compared to the P. gingivalis + IAV group (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In vitro studies showed that infection by P. gingivalis combined with IAV temporarily inhibited apoptosis in respiratory epithelial cells, and this may be related to the initiation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North St. 117, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North St. 117, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Jun-Chao Liu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North St. 117, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Ya-Ping Pan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North St. 117, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yong-Gang Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China.
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9
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Dickinson JD, Sweeter JM, Warren KJ, Ahmad IM, De Deken X, Zimmerman MC, Brody SL. Autophagy regulates DUOX1 localization and superoxide production in airway epithelial cells during chronic IL-13 stimulation. Redox Biol 2018; 14:272-284. [PMID: 28982074 PMCID: PMC5635347 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium is a broad interface with the environment, mandating well-orchestrated responses to properly modulate inflammation. Classically, autophagy is a homeostatic pathway triggered in response to external cellular stresses, and is elevated in chronic airway diseases. Recent findings highlight the additional role of autophagy in vesicle trafficking and protein secretion, implicating autophagy pathways in complex cellular responses in disease. Th2 cytokines, IL-13 and IL-4, are increased in asthma and other airway diseases contributing to chronic inflammation. Previously, we observed that IL-13 increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) in airway epithelial cells in an autophagy-dependent fashion. Here, we tested our hypothesis that autophagy is required for IL-13-mediated superoxide production via the NADPH oxidase DUOX1. Using a mouse model of Th2-mediated inflammation induced by OVA-allergen, we observed elevated lung amounts of IL-13 and IL-4 accompanied by increased autophagosome levels, determined by LC3BII protein levels and immunostaining. ROS levels were elevated and DUOX1 expression was increased 70-fold in OVA-challenged lungs. To address the role of autophagy and ROS in the airway epithelium, we treated primary human tracheobronchial epithelial cells with IL-13 or IL-4. Prolonged, 7-day treatment increased autophagosome formation and degradation, while brief activation had no effect. Under parallel culture conditions, IL-13 and IL-4 increased intracellular superoxide levels as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Prolonged IL-13 activation increased DUOX1, localized at the apical membrane. Silencing DUOX1 by siRNA attenuated IL-13-mediated increases in superoxide, but did not reduce autophagy activities. Notably, depletion of autophagy regulatory protein ATG5 significantly reduced superoxide without diminishing total DUOX1 levels. Depletion of ATG5, however, diminished DUOX1 localization at the apical membrane. The findings suggest non-canonical autophagy activity regulates DUOX1-dependent localization required for intracellular superoxide production during Th2 inflammation. Thus, in chronic Th2 inflammatory airway disease, autophagy proteins may be responsible for persistent intracellular superoxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Dickinson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Jenea M Sweeter
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kristi J Warren
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Iman M Ahmad
- Department of Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xavier De Deken
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthew C Zimmerman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Steven L Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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10
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Wang Y, Jiang K, Zhang Q, Meng S, Ding C. Autophagy in Negative-Strand RNA Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:206. [PMID: 29487586 PMCID: PMC5816943 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a homoeostatic process by which cytoplasmic material is targeted for degradation by the cell. Viruses have learned to manipulate the autophagic pathway to ensure their own replication and survival. Although much progress has been achieved in dissecting the interplay between viruses and cellular autophagic machinery, it is not well understood how the cellular autophagic pathway is utilized by viruses and manipulated to their own advantage. In this review, we briefly introduce autophagy, viral xenophagy and the interaction among autophagy, virus and immune response, then focus on the interplay between NS-RNA viruses and autophagy during virus infection. We have selected some exemplary NS-RNA viruses and will describe how these NS-RNA viruses regulate autophagy and the role of autophagy in NS-RNA viral replication and in immune responses to virus infection. We also review recent advances in understanding how NS-RNA viral proteins perturb autophagy and how autophagy-related proteins contribute to NS-RNA virus replication, pathogenesis and antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Songshu Meng
- Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Seveau S, Turner J, Gavrilin MA, Torrelles JB, Hall-Stoodley L, Yount JS, Amer AO. Checks and Balances between Autophagy and Inflammasomes during Infection. J Mol Biol 2017; 430:174-192. [PMID: 29162504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and inflammasome complex assembly are physiological processes that control homeostasis, inflammation, and immunity. Autophagy is a ubiquitous pathway that degrades cytosolic macromolecules or organelles, as well as intracellular pathogens. Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that assemble in the cytosol of cells upon detection of pathogen- or danger-associated molecular patterns. A critical outcome of inflammasome assembly is the activation of the cysteine protease caspase-1, which activates the pro-inflammatory cytokine precursors pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18. Studies on chronic inflammatory diseases, heart diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis revealed that autophagy and inflammasomes intersect and regulate each other. In the context of infectious diseases, however, less is known about the interplay between autophagy and inflammasome assembly, although it is becoming evident that pathogens have evolved multiple strategies to inhibit and/or subvert these pathways and to take advantage of their intricate crosstalk. An improved appreciation of these pathways and their subversion by diverse pathogens is expected to help in the design of anti-infective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Seveau
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Joanne Turner
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Mikhail A Gavrilin
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Luanne Hall-Stoodley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jacob S Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amal O Amer
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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12
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Tang X, Snowball JM, Xu Y, Na CL, Weaver TE, Clair G, Kyle JE, Zink EM, Ansong C, Wei W, Huang M, Lin X, Whitsett JA. EMC3 coordinates surfactant protein and lipid homeostasis required for respiration. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4314-4325. [PMID: 29083321 DOI: 10.1172/jci94152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to respiration at birth depends upon the synthesis of pulmonary surfactant, a lipid-protein complex that reduces surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the alveoli and prevents lung collapse during the ventilatory cycle. Herein, we demonstrated that the gene encoding a subunit of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex, EMC3, also known as TMEM111 (Emc3/Tmem111), was required for murine pulmonary surfactant synthesis and lung function at birth. Conditional deletion of Emc3 in murine embryonic lung epithelial cells disrupted the synthesis and packaging of surfactant lipids and proteins, impaired the formation of lamellar bodies, and induced the unfolded protein response in alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells. EMC3 was essential for the processing and routing of surfactant proteins, SP-B and SP-C, and the biogenesis of the phospholipid transport protein ABCA3. Transcriptomic, lipidomic, and proteomic analyses demonstrated that EMC3 coordinates the assembly of lipids and proteins in AT2 cells that is necessary for surfactant synthesis and function at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Tang
- Divisions of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John M Snowball
- Divisions of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Divisions of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Cheng-Lun Na
- Divisions of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy E Weaver
- Divisions of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Geremy Clair
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Erika M Zink
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Charles Ansong
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meina Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Divisions of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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13
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Fino KK, Yang L, Silveyra P, Hu S, Umstead TM, DiAngelo S, Halstead ES, Cooper TK, Abraham T, Takahashi Y, Zhou Z, Wang HG, Chroneos ZC. SH3GLB2/endophilin B2 regulates lung homeostasis and recovery from severe influenza A virus infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7262. [PMID: 28779131 PMCID: PMC5544693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New influenza A viruses that emerge frequently elicit composite inflammatory responses to both infection and structural damage of alveolar-capillary barrier cells that hinders regeneration of respiratory function. The host factors that relinquish restoration of lung health to enduring lung injury are insufficiently understood. Here, we investigated the role of endophilin B2 (B2) in susceptibility to severe influenza infection. WT and B2-deficient mice were infected with H1N1 PR8 by intranasal administration and course of influenza pneumonia, inflammatory, and tissue responses were monitored over time. Disruption of B2 enhanced recovery from severe influenza infection as indicated by swift body weight recovery and significantly better survival of endophilin B2-deficient mice compared to WT mice. Compared to WT mice, the B2-deficient lungs exhibited induction of genes that express surfactant proteins, ABCA3, GM-CSF, podoplanin, and caveolin mRNA after 7 days, temporal induction of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein CEBPα, β, and δ mRNAs 3-14 days after infection, and differences in alveolar extracellular matrix integrity and respiratory mechanics. Flow cytometry and gene expression studies demonstrated robust recovery of alveolar macrophages and recruitment of CD4+ lymphocytes in B2-deficient lungs. Targeting of endophilin B2 alleviates adverse effects of IAV infection on respiratory and immune cells enabling restoration of alveolar homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin K Fino
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sanmei Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Todd M Umstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan DiAngelo
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - E Scott Halstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Critical Care Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
- Children's Hospital, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, and the Microscopy Imaging Facility, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yoshinori Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhixiang Zhou
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Gang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA.
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14
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Serfass JM, Takahashi Y, Zhou Z, Kawasawa YI, Liu Y, Tsotakos N, Young MM, Tang Z, Yang L, Atkinson JM, Chroneos ZC, Wang HG. Endophilin B2 facilitates endosome maturation in response to growth factor stimulation, autophagy induction, and influenza A virus infection. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10097-10111. [PMID: 28455444 PMCID: PMC5473216 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.792747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis, and the subsequent trafficking of endosomes, requires dynamic physical alterations in membrane shape that are mediated in part by endophilin proteins. The endophilin B family of proteins contains an N-terminal Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (N-BAR) domain that induces membrane curvature to regulate intracellular membrane dynamics. Whereas endophilin B1 (SH3GLB1/Bif-1) is known to be involved in a number of cellular processes, including apoptosis, autophagy, and endocytosis, the cellular function of endophilin B2 (SH3GLB2) is not well understood. In this study, we used genetic approaches that revealed that endophilin B2 is not required for embryonic development in vivo but that endophilin B2 deficiency impairs endosomal trafficking in vitro, as evidenced by suppressed endosome acidification, EGFR degradation, autophagic flux, and influenza A viral RNA nuclear entry and replication. Mechanistically, although the loss of endophilin B2 did not affect endocytic internalization and lysosomal function, endophilin B2 appeared to regulate the trafficking of endocytic vesicles and autophagosomes to late endosomes or lysosomes. Moreover, we also found that despite having an intracellular localization and tissue distribution similar to endophilin B1, endophilin B2 is dispensable for mitochondrial apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that endophilin B2 positively regulates the endocytic pathway in response to growth factor signaling, autophagy induction, and viral entry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhixiang Zhou
- the Department of Pediatrics
- the College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- From the Department of Pharmacology
- the Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Ying Liu
- From the Department of Pharmacology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zissis C Chroneos
- the Department of Pediatrics
- the Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 and
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- From the Department of Pharmacology,
- the Department of Pediatrics
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15
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Yang L, Na CL, Luo S, Wu D, Hogan S, Huang T, Weaver TE. The Phosphatidylcholine Transfer Protein Stard7 is Required for Mitochondrial and Epithelial Cell Homeostasis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46416. [PMID: 28401922 PMCID: PMC5388865 DOI: 10.1038/srep46416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria synthesize select phospholipids but lack the machinery for synthesis of the most abundant mitochondrial phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine (PC). Although the phospholipid transfer protein Stard7 promotes uptake of PC by mitochondria, the importance of this pathway for mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis represents a significant knowledge gap. Haploinsufficiency for Stard7 is associated with significant exacerbation of allergic airway disease in mice, including an increase in epithelial barrier permeability. To test the hypothesis that Stard7 deficiency leads to altered barrier structure/function downstream of mitochondrial dysfunction, Stard7 expression was knocked down in a bronchiolar epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) and specifically deleted in lung epithelial cells of mice (Stard7epi∆/∆). Stard7 deficiency was associated with altered mitochondrial size and membrane organization both in vitro and in vivo. Altered mitochondrial structure was accompanied by disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis, including decreased aerobic respiration, increased oxidant stress, and mitochondrial DNA damage that, in turn, was linked to altered barrier integrity and function. Both mitochondrial and barrier defects were largely corrected by targeting Stard7 to mitochondria or treating epithelial cells with a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant. These studies suggest that Stard7-mediated transfer of PC is crucial for mitochondrial homeostasis and that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to altered barrier permeability in Stard7-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Cheng-Lun Na
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - David Wu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Simon Hogan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Taosheng Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Timothy E Weaver
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
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16
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Hahn D, Emoto C, Vinks AA, Fukuda T. Developmental Changes in Hepatic Organic Cation Transporter OCT1 Protein Expression from Neonates to Children. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 45:23-26. [PMID: 27780835 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.072256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) plays an important role in the disposition of clinically important drugs, and the capacity of OCT1 activity is presumed to be proportional to the protein expression level in organ tissues. Knowledge of OCT1 protein expression in children, especially neonates and small infants, is currently very limited. Here, we report on the characterization of OCT1 protein expression in neonatal, infant, and pediatric liver samples performed using immunoblot analysis. OCT1 protein expression was detected in liver samples from neonates as early as postnatal days 1 and 2. This youngest group showed significantly lower OCT1 expression normalized by glyceraldehyde-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (values given as means ± S.D. in arbitrary units; 0.03 ± 0.02, n = 7) compared with samples from patients aged 3 to 4 weeks (0.08 ± 0.03, n = 5, P < 0.01), 3 to 6 months (0.23 ± 0.15, n = 7, P < 0.01), 11 months to 1 year (0.42 ± 0.32, n = 6, P < 0.01), and 8 to 12 years (1.00 ± 0.44, n = 7, P < 0.01). These data demonstrate an age-dependent increase in OCT1 expression from birth up to 8 to 12 years of age, and the findings of this study contribute to the understanding of OCT1 functional capacity and its effect upon the disposition of OCT1 substrates in neonates and small infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hahn
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (D.H., C.E., A.A.V., T.F); and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.E., A.A.V., T.F)
| | - Chie Emoto
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (D.H., C.E., A.A.V., T.F); and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.E., A.A.V., T.F)
| | - Alexander A Vinks
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (D.H., C.E., A.A.V., T.F); and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.E., A.A.V., T.F)
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukuda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (D.H., C.E., A.A.V., T.F); and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.E., A.A.V., T.F)
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17
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Aggarwal S, Mannam P, Zhang J. Differential regulation of autophagy and mitophagy in pulmonary diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L433-52. [PMID: 27402690 PMCID: PMC5504426 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00128.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal-mediated degradation of intracellular lipids, proteins and organelles, known as autophagy, represents a inducible adaptive response to lung injury resulting from exposure to insults, such as hypoxia, microbes, inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion, pharmaceuticals (e.g., bleomycin), or inhaled xenobiotics (i.e., air pollution, cigarette smoke). This process clears damaged or toxic cellular constituents and facilitates cell survival in stressful environments. Autophagic degradation of dysfunctional or damaged mitochondria is termed mitophagy. Enhanced mitophagy is usually an early response to promote survival. However, overwhelming or prolonged mitochondrial damage can induce excessive/pathological levels of mitophagy, thereby promoting cell death and tissue injury. Autophagy/mitophagy is therefore an important modulator in human pulmonary diseases and a potential therapeutic target. This review article will summarize the most recent studies highlighting the role of autophagy/mitophagy and its molecular pathways involved in stress response in pulmonary pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Aggarwal
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Praveen Mannam
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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18
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Qin Z, Yang Y, Wang H, Luo J, Huang X, You J, Wang B, Li M. Role of Autophagy and Apoptosis in the Postinfluenza Bacterial Pneumonia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3801026. [PMID: 27376082 PMCID: PMC4916274 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3801026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The risk of influenza A virus (IAV) is more likely caused by secondary bacterial infections. During the past decades, a great amount of studies have been conducted on increased morbidity from secondary bacterial infections following influenza and provide an increasing number of explanations for the mechanisms underlying the infections. In this paper, we first review the recent research progress that IAV infection increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. We then propose an assumption that autophagy and apoptosis manipulation are beneficial to antagonize post-IAV bacterial infection and discuss the clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hongren Wang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiangzhou You
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Baoning Wang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Mingyuan Li
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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19
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Mühlfeld C, Hegermann J, Wrede C, Ochs M. A review of recent developments and applications of morphometry/stereology in lung research. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L526-36. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00047.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Design-based stereology is the gold standard of morphometry in lung research. Here, we analyze the current use of morphometric and stereological methods in lung research and provide an overview on recent methodological developments and biological observations made by the use of stereology. Based on this analysis we hope to provide useful recommendations for a good stereological practice to further the use of advanced and unbiased stereological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; and
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Wrede
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; and
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
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20
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Mulugeta S, Nureki SI, Beers MF. Lost after translation: insights from pulmonary surfactant for understanding the role of alveolar epithelial dysfunction and cellular quality control in fibrotic lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L507-25. [PMID: 26186947 PMCID: PMC4572416 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00139.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dating back nearly 35 years ago to the Witschi hypothesis, epithelial cell dysfunction and abnormal wound healing have reemerged as central concepts in the pathophysiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in adults and in interstitial lung disease in children. Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells represent a metabolically active compartment in the distal air spaces responsible for pulmonary surfactant biosynthesis and function as a progenitor population required for maintenance of alveolar integrity. Rare mutations in surfactant system components have provided new clues to understanding broader questions regarding the role of AT2 cell dysfunction in the pathophysiology of fibrotic lung diseases. Drawing on data generated from a variety of model systems expressing disease-related surfactant component mutations [surfactant proteins A and C (SP-A and SP-C); the lipid transporter ABCA3], this review will examine the concept of epithelial dysfunction in fibrotic lung disease, provide an update on AT2 cell and surfactant biology, summarize cellular responses to mutant surfactant components [including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and intrinsic apoptosis], and examine quality control pathways (unfolded protein response, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, macroautophagy) that can be utilized to restore AT2 homeostasis. This integrated response and its derangement will be placed in the context of cell stress and quality control signatures found in patients with familial or sporadic IPF as well as non-surfactant-related AT2 cell dysfunction syndromes associated with a fibrotic lung phenotype. Finally, the need for targeted therapeutic strategies for pulmonary fibrosis that address epithelial ER stress, its downstream signaling, and cell quality control are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surafel Mulugeta
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Shin-Ichi Nureki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Michael F Beers
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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21
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Mercado N, Ito K, Barnes PJ. Accelerated ageing of the lung in COPD: new concepts. Thorax 2015; 70:482-9. [PMID: 25739910 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The rise in life expectancy worldwide has been accompanied by an increased incidence of age-related diseases, representing an enormous burden on healthcare services and society. All vital organs lose function with age, and this is well described in the lung, with a progressive decline in pulmonary function after the age of about 25 years. The lung ages, like any other organ, with progressive functional impairment and reduced capacity to respond to environmental stresses and injury. Normal physiological ageing results in enlarged alveolar spaces and loss of lung elasticity in the elderly known as 'senile emphysema', whereas in COPD there is destruction of the alveolar walls and fibrosis of peripheral airways. However, COPD shows striking age-associated features, such as an increase in cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, increased oxidative stress, alteration in the extracellular matrix and a reduction in endogenous antiageing molecules and protective pathways such as autophagy. In this review we discuss the evidence showing how oxidative stress induces accelerated ageing by upregulating the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin signalling pathway resulting in depletion of stem cells, defective autophagy, reduced antioxidant responses and defective mitochondrial function thus generating further oxidative stress. Understanding the mechanisms of accelerated ageing in COPD may identify novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Mercado
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kazuhiro Ito
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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