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Saint-Martin Willer A, Montani D, Capuano V, Antigny F. Orai1/STIMs modulators in pulmonary vascular diseases. Cell Calcium 2024; 121:102892. [PMID: 38735127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a secondary messenger that regulates various cellular processes. However, Ca2+ mishandling could lead to pathological conditions. Orai1 is a Ca2+channel contributing to the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and plays a critical role in Ca2+ homeostasis in several cell types. Dysregulation of Orai1 contributed to severe combined immune deficiency syndrome, some cancers, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and other cardiorespiratory diseases. During its activation process, Orai1 is mainly regulated by stromal interacting molecule (STIM) proteins, especially STIM1; however, many other regulatory partners have also been recently described. Increasing knowledge about these regulatory partners provides a better view of the downstream signalling pathways of SOCE and offers an excellent opportunity to decipher Orai1 dysregulation in these diseases. These proteins participate in other cellular functions, making them attractive therapeutic targets. This review mainly focuses on Orai1 regulatory partners in the physiological and pathological conditions of the pulmonary circulation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Saint-Martin Willer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Véronique Capuano
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Hôptal Marie Lannelongue, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
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Luo A, Hao R, Zhou X, Jia Y, Bao C, Yang L, Zhou L, Gu C, Desai AA, Tang H, Chu AA. Transcriptomic profiling highlights cell proliferation in the progression of experimental pulmonary hypertension in rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14056. [PMID: 38890390 PMCID: PMC11189536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64251-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remolding and occlusion, leading to the elevated pulmonary arterial pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy, and eventual heart failure if left untreated. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is crucial for devising efficient therapeutic approaches for the disease. Lung homogenates were collected weekly and underwent RNA-sequencing in the monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH rat model to explore genes associated with PH progression. Statistical analyses revealed 1038, 1244, and 3125 significantly altered genes (P < 0.05, abs (log2fold change) > log21.5) between control and MCT-exposed rats during the first, second, and third week, respectively. Pathway enrichment analyses revealed involvement of cell cycle and innate immune system for the upregulated genes, GPCR and VEGF signaling for the downregulated genes. Furthermore, qRT-PCR validated upregulation of representative genes associated with cell cycle including Cdc25c (cell division cycle 25C), Cdc45, Top2a (topoisomerase IIα), Ccna2 (cyclin A2) and Ccnb1 (cyclin B1). Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis confirmed increases in PCNA, Ccna2, Top2a, along with other proliferation markers in the lung tissue of MCT-treated rats. In summary, RNA sequencing data highlights the significance of cell proliferation in progression of rodent PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Rongrong Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yangfan Jia
- Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Changlei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Lirong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chenxin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Haiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Ai-Ai Chu
- Division of Echocardiography, Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Titz A, Schneider S, Mueller J, Mayer L, Lichtblau M, Ulrich S. Symposium review: high altitude travel with pulmonary vascular disease. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38780974 DOI: 10.1113/jp284585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension are the main precapillary forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH) summarized as pulmonary vascular diseases (PVD). PVDs are characterized by exertional dyspnoea and oxygen desaturation, and reduced quality of life and survival. Medical therapies improve life expectancy and physical performance of PVD patients, of whom many wish to participate in professional work and recreational activities including traveling to high altitude. The exposure to the hypobaric hypoxic environment of mountain regions incurs the risk of high altitude adverse events (AEHA) due to severe hypoxaemia exacerbating symptoms and further increase in pulmonary artery pressure, which may lead to right heart decompensation. Recent prospective and randomized trials show that altitude-induced hypoxaemia, pulmonary haemodynamic changes and impairment of exercise performance in PVD patients are in the range found in healthy people. The vast majority of optimally treated stable PVD patients who do not require long-term oxygen therapy at low altitude can tolerate short-term exposure to moderate altitudes up to 2500 m. PVD patients that reveal persistent severe resting hypoxaemia (S p O 2 ${{S}_{{\mathrm{p}}{{{\mathrm{O}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}$ <80% for >30 min) at 2500 m respond well to supplemental oxygen therapy. Although there are no accurate predictors for AEHA, PVD patients with unfavourable risk profiles at low altitude, such as higher WHO functional class, lower exercise capacity with more pronounced exercise-induced desaturation and more severely impaired haemodynamics, are at increased risk of AEHA. Therefore, doctors with experience in PVD and high-altitude medicine should counsel PVD patients before any high-altitude sojourn. This review aims to summarize recent literature and clinical recommendations about PVD patients travelling to high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Titz
- University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Laura Mayer
- University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Silvia Ulrich
- University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Park JM, Seo YS, Kim SH, Kim HY, Kim MS, Lee MY. Impact of inhalation exposure to cigarette smoke on the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension primed by monocrotaline in rats. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:470-483. [PMID: 37876240 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Extensive, long-term exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) was recently suggested to be a risk factor for pulmonary hypertension, although further validation is required. The vascular effects of CS share similarities with the etiology of pulmonary hypertension, including vascular inflammation and remodeling. Thus, we examined the influence of CS exposure on the pathogenesis of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension, hypothesizing that smoking might accelerate the development of primed pulmonary hypertension. CS was generated from 3R4F reference cigarettes, and rats were exposed to CS by inhalation at total particulate matter concentrations of 100-300 μg/L for 4 h/day, 7 days/week for 4 weeks. Following 1 week of initial exposure, rats received 60 mg/kg MCT and were sacrificed and analyzed after an additional 3 weeks of exposure. MCT induced hypertrophy in pulmonary arterioles and increased the Fulton index, a measure of right ventricular hypertrophy. Additional CS exposure exacerbated arteriolar hypertrophy but did not further elevate the Fulton index. No significant alterations were observed in levels of endothelin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor, or in hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Short-term inhalation exposure to CS exacerbated arteriolar hypertrophy in the lung, although this effect did not directly aggravate the overworked heart under the current experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Park
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Seo
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Young Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Pham AT, Oliveira AC, Albanna M, Alvarez-Castanon J, Dupee Z, Patel D, Fu C, Mukhsinova L, Nguyen A, Jin L, Bryant AJ. Non-Interferon-Dependent Role of STING Signaling in Pulmonary Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:124-142. [PMID: 37942608 PMCID: PMC10872846 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with constitutive activation of DNA-sensing pathway through stimulator of IFN (interferon) genes (STING), such as those with STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy, develop pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the role of STING signaling in general PH patients is heretofore undescribed. Here, we seek to investigate the role of STING in PH development. METHODS STING expression in patient lung samples was examined. PH was induced in global STING-deficient mice and global type I IFN receptor 1-deficient mice using bleomycin or chronic hypoxia exposure. PH development was evaluated by right ventricular systolic pressure and Fulton index, with additional histological and flow cytometric analysis. VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) expression on murine immune cells was quantified and evaluated with multiplex and flow cytometry. Human myeloid-derived cells were differentiated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and treated with either STING agonist or STING antagonist for evaluation of VEGF secretion. RESULTS Global STING deficiency protects mice from PH development, and STING-associated PH seems independent of type I IFN signaling. Furthermore, a role for STING-VEGF signaling pathway in PH development was demonstrated, with altered VEGF secretion in murine pulmonary infiltrated myeloid cells in a STING-dependent manner. In addition, pharmacological manipulation of STING in human myeloid-derived cells supports in vivo findings. Finally, a potential role of STING-VEGF-mediated apoptosis in disease development and progression was illustrated, providing a roadmap toward potential therapeutic applications. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data provide concrete evidence of STING involvement in PH, establishing biological plausibility for STING-related therapies in PH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann T Pham
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Aline C Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Muhammad Albanna
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | | | - Zadia Dupee
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Diya Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Chunhua Fu
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Laylo Mukhsinova
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Amy Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Andrew J Bryant
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
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Zhong (钟颖) Y, Yu (游博群) PB. Angiogenesis Redux: An Overall Protective Role of VEGF/KDR Signaling in the Microvasculature in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1784-1787. [PMID: 37675636 PMCID: PMC10803133 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhong (钟颖)
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul B. Yu (游博群)
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zheng Q, Zhang B, Lu N, Li X, Jin B, Jin P. Diagnostic values of serum BNP, PTX3, and VEGF in acute pulmonary embolism complicated by pulmonary artery hypertension and their correlations with severity of pulmonary artery hypertension. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e986. [PMID: 37773724 PMCID: PMC10510460 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper aimed to unveil the diagnostic values of serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in acute pulmonary embolism complicated by pulmonary artery hypertension (APE-PAH) and their correlations with severity of PAH. METHODS A total of 153 patients with APE were selected for our study and divided into the PAH and Non-PAH groups according to the measurement of pulmonary artery pressure by echocardiography. Serum BNP levels were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay, and serum PTX3 and VEGF levels were appraised by ELISA. The predictive values of BNP, PTX3, and VEGF for APE-PAH were evaluated by applying the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Spearman test was implemented to correlate BNP, PTX3, and VEGF with the severity of PAH. RESULTS Higher serum levels of BNP, PTX3, and VEGF were observed in the PAH group versus the Non-PAH group (p < .05). ROC curve analysis indicated that BNP, PTX3, and VEGF had acceptable diagnostic value for predicting APE-PAH. Higher serum levels of BNP, PTX3, and VEGF were witnessed in the moderate and severe PAH groups in contrast to the mild PAH group (p < .05), and the levels of these parameters were elevated in the severe PAH group versus the moderate PAH group (p < .05). Spearman correlation analysis signified that serum BNP (r = 0.377), PTX3 (r = 0.488), and VEGF (r = 0.575) levels were positively correlated with the severity of PAH in APE-PAH patients. CONCLUSION Serum BNP, PTX3, and VEGF levels are significantly elevated in APE-PAH patients. Serum BNP, PTX3, and VEGF levels are of clinical value in the diagnosis of APE-PAH patients, and serum BNP, PTX3, and VEGF levels are positively correlated with the severity of PAH and can be used as predictors of the severity of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghou Zheng
- Department of EmergencyThe First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of EmergencyThe First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Na Lu
- Department of EmergencyThe First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of EmergencyThe First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Beibei Jin
- Department of EmergencyThe First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Pingkui Jin
- Department of EmergencyThe First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
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8
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Akiyama T, Sadahiro T, Yamada Y, Fujita R, Abe Y, Nakano K, Honda S, Ema M, Kubota Y, Sakai S, Hizawa N, Ieda M. Flk1 Deficiency and Hypoxia Synergistically Promote Endothelial Dysfunction, Vascular Remodeling, and Pulmonary Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1668-1683. [PMID: 37534464 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying pulmonary hypertension (PH) remain largely unknown; further, why advanced vascular remodeling preferentially occurs in arterioles is yet to be answered. VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) regulates angiogenesis through Flk1 (fetal liver kinase 1) and Flt1 (fms-like tyrosine kinase 1) on endothelial cells (ECs), which may be related to PH pathogenesis. However, spatiotemporal expression patterns of Flk1 and Flt1 in the pulmonary vascular system and the role of endothelial Flk1 in PH development remain poorly understood. METHODS We analyzed multiple reporter mice, including Flk1-GFP (green fluorescent protein) bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic (Tg), Flt1-DsRed bacterial artificial chromosome Tg, and Flk1-GFP/Flt1-DsRed double Tg mice, to determine the spatiotemporal expression of Flk1 and Flt1 in hypoxia-induced PH. We also used Cdh5CreERT2/Flk1f/f/Tomato (Flk1-KO [knockout]) mice to induce EC-specific Flk1 deletion and lineage tracing in chronic hypoxia. RESULTS Flk1 was specifically expressed in the ECs of small pulmonary vessels, including arterioles. Conversely, Flt1 was more broadly expressed in the ECs of large- to small-sized vessels in adult mouse lungs. Intriguingly, Flk1+ ECs were transiently increased in hypoxia with proliferation, whereas Flt1 expression was unchanged. Flk1-KO mice did not exhibit pulmonary vascular remodeling nor PH in normoxia; however, the arteriolar ECs changed to a cuboidal shape with protrusion. In hypoxia, Flk1 deletion exacerbated EC dysfunction and reduced their number via apoptosis. Additionally, Flk1 deletion promoted medial thickening and neointimal formation in arterioles and worsened PH. Mechanistically, lineage tracing revealed that neointimal cells were derived from Flk1-KO ECs. Moreover, RNA sequencing in pulmonary ECs demonstrated that Flk1 deletion and hypoxia synergistically activated multiple pathways, including cell cycle, senescence/apoptosis, and cytokine/growth factor, concomitant with suppression of cell adhesion and angiogenesis, to promote vascular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Flk1 and Flt1 were differentially expressed in pulmonary ECs. Flk1 deficiency and hypoxia jointly dysregulated arteriolar ECs to promote vascular remodeling. Thus, dysfunction of Flk1+ ECs may contribute to the pathogenesis of advanced vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Akiyama
- Department of Cardiology (T.A., T.S., Y.Y., R.F., Y.A., K.N., S.H., S.S., M.I.), Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (T.A., N.H.), Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Taketaro Sadahiro
- Department of Cardiology (T.A., T.S., Y.Y., R.F., Y.A., K.N., S.H., S.S., M.I.), Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yu Yamada
- Department of Cardiology (T.A., T.S., Y.Y., R.F., Y.A., K.N., S.H., S.S., M.I.), Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Fujita
- Department of Cardiology (T.A., T.S., Y.Y., R.F., Y.A., K.N., S.H., S.S., M.I.), Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Transborder Medical Research Center (R.F.), Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuto Abe
- Department of Cardiology (T.A., T.S., Y.Y., R.F., Y.A., K.N., S.H., S.S., M.I.), Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Nakano
- Department of Cardiology (T.A., T.S., Y.Y., R.F., Y.A., K.N., S.H., S.S., M.I.), Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Honda
- Department of Cardiology (T.A., T.S., Y.Y., R.F., Y.A., K.N., S.H., S.S., M.I.), Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Transborder Medical Research Center (R.F.), Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Departments of Anatomy (Y.K.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sakai
- Department of Cardiology (T.A., T.S., Y.Y., R.F., Y.A., K.N., S.H., S.S., M.I.), Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Health Science, Tsukuba University of Technology, Japan (S.S.)
| | - Nobuyuki Hizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (T.A., N.H.), Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Department of Cardiology (T.A., T.S., Y.Y., R.F., Y.A., K.N., S.H., S.S., M.I.), Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Cardiology (M.I.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Jose A, Elwing JM, Kawut SM, Pauciulo MW, Sherman KE, Nichols WC, Fallon MB, McCormack FX. Human liver single nuclear RNA sequencing implicates BMPR2, GDF15, arginine, and estrogen in portopulmonary hypertension. Commun Biol 2023; 6:826. [PMID: 37558836 PMCID: PMC10412637 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) is a type of pulmonary vascular disease due to portal hypertension that exhibits high morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms driving disease are unknown, and transcriptional characteristics unique to the PoPH liver remain unexplored. Here, we apply single nuclear RNA sequencing to compare cirrhotic livers from patients with and without PoPH. We identify characteristics unique to PoPH in cells surrounding the central hepatic vein, including increased growth differentiation factor signaling, enrichment of the arginine biosynthesis pathway, and differential expression of the bone morphogenic protein type II receptor and estrogen receptor type I genes. These results provide insight into the transcriptomic characteristics of the PoPH liver and mechanisms by which PoPH cellular dysfunction might contribute to pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Jose
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Jean M Elwing
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Steven M Kawut
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael W Pauciulo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth E Sherman
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - William C Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Francis X McCormack
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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10
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Qiu F, Jiang B, Lin Y, Li H, Li D, Luo M, Hui H, Miao H, Zhang Y. Dual Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor and Hepatocyte Growth Factor Overexpression: A New Therapy for Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:87-98. [PMID: 37094101 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0459oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease characterized by advanced pulmonary vasculature remodeling that is thought to be curable only through lung transplantation. The application of angiogenic hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is reported to be protective in PH through its anti-vascular remodeling effect, but excessive HGF-mediated immature neovascularization is not conducive to the restoration of pulmonary perfusion because of apparent vascular leakage. As a canonical antiangiogenic molecule, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) inhibits angiogenesis and reduces vascular permeability in a variety of diseases. However, the effect of PEDF on HGF-based PH treatment remains to be determined. In this study, monocrotaline-induced PH rats and endothelial cells isolated from rat and human PH lung tissues were used. We assessed PH progression, right cardiac function, and pulmonary perfusion in HGF- and/or PEDF-treated rats with PH. Additionally, the receptor and mechanism responsible for the role of PEDF in HGF-based PH therapy were investigated. In this study, we found that HGF and PEDF jointly prevent PH development and improve right cardiac function in rats with PH. Moreover, PEDF delivery increases the pulmonary perfusion in PH lungs and inhibits immature angiogenesis and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin junction disintegration induced by HGF without affecting the therapeutic inhibition of pulmonary vascular remodeling by HGF. Mechanistically, PEDF targets VE growth factor receptor 2 and suppresses its phosphorylation at Y951 and Y1175 but not Y1214. Finally, VE growth factor receptor 2/VE protein tyrosine phosphatase/VE-cadherin complex formation and Akt and Erk1/2 inactivation were observed in rat and human PH lung endothelial cells. Collectively, our data indicate that PEDF additively enhances the efficacy of HGF against PH, which may provide new insights into treatment strategies for clinical PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Yangui Lin
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Huaming Li
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Dan Li
- Community Health Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | | | - Haoran Miao
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Yiqian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
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Chakraborty A, Nathan A, Orcholski M, Agarwal S, Shamskhou EA, Auer N, Mitra A, Guardado ES, Swaminathan G, Condon DF, Yu J, McCarra M, Juul NH, Mallory A, Guzman-Hernandez RA, Yuan K, Rojas V, Crossno JT, Yung LM, Yu PB, Spencer T, Winn RA, Frump A, Karoor V, Lahm T, Hedlin H, Fineman JR, Lafyatis R, Knutsen CNF, Alvira CM, Cornfield DN, de Jesus Perez VA. Wnt7a deficit is associated with dysfunctional angiogenesis in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2201625. [PMID: 37024132 PMCID: PMC10259331 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01625-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterised by loss of microvessels. The Wnt pathways control pulmonary angiogenesis but their role in PAH is incompletely understood. We hypothesised that Wnt activation in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) is required for pulmonary angiogenesis, and its loss contributes to PAH. METHODS Lung tissue and PMVECs from healthy and PAH patients were screened for Wnt production. Global and endothelial-specific Wnt7a -/- mice were generated and exposed to chronic hypoxia and Sugen-hypoxia (SuHx). RESULTS Healthy PMVECs demonstrated >6-fold Wnt7a expression during angiogenesis that was absent in PAH PMVECs and lungs. Wnt7a expression correlated with the formation of tip cells, a migratory endothelial phenotype critical for angiogenesis. PAH PMVECs demonstrated reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced tip cell formation as evidenced by reduced filopodia formation and motility, which was partially rescued by recombinant Wnt7a. We discovered that Wnt7a promotes VEGF signalling by facilitating Y1175 tyrosine phosphorylation in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) through receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2), a Wnt-specific receptor. We found that ROR2 knockdown mimics Wnt7a insufficiency and prevents recovery of tip cell formation with Wnt7a stimulation. While there was no difference between wild-type and endothelial-specific Wnt7a -/- mice under either chronic hypoxia or SuHx, global Wnt7a +/- mice in hypoxia demonstrated higher pulmonary pressures and severe right ventricular and lung vascular remodelling. Similar to PAH, Wnt7a +/- PMVECs exhibited an insufficient angiogenic response to VEGF-A that improved with Wnt7a. CONCLUSIONS Wnt7a promotes VEGF signalling in lung PMVECs and its loss is associated with an insufficient VEGF-A angiogenic response. We propose that Wnt7a deficiency contributes to progressive small vessel loss in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Chakraborty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Abinaya Nathan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Mark Orcholski
- Department of Medicine, University of Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Stuti Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Natasha Auer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ankita Mitra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Gowri Swaminathan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - David F Condon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Joyce Yu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Matthew McCarra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas H Juul
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Ke Yuan
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Joseph T Crossno
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Paul B Yu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert A Winn
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Tim Lahm
- National Jewish Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Haley Hedlin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carsten N F Knutsen
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Cristina M Alvira
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - David N Cornfield
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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12
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Goncharova EA, Kudryashova TV, Pullamsetti SS. Too hot? Too cold? Wnt signalling in pulmonary arterial hypertension: can we treat it "just right"? Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2300504. [PMID: 37290809 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00504-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Goncharova
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tatiana V Kudryashova
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), DZL, Justus Liebig University, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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13
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Gallardo-Vara E, Ntokou A, Dave JM, Jovin DG, Saddouk FZ, Greif DM. Vascular pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:544-552. [PMID: 36604291 PMCID: PMC10121751 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, is a morbid and lethal disease. PH is classified into several groups based on etiology, but pathological remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature is a common feature. Endothelial cell dysfunction and excess smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration are central to the vascular pathogenesis. In addition, other cell types, including fibroblasts, pericytes, inflammatory cells and platelets contribute as well. Herein, we briefly note most of the main cell types active in PH and for each cell type, highlight select signaling pathway(s) highly implicated in that cell type in this disease. Among others, the role of hypoxia-inducible factors, growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β and bone morphogenetic protein), vasoactive molecules, NOTCH3, Kruppel-like factor 4 and forkhead box proteins are discussed. Additionally, deregulated processes of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix remodeling and intercellular crosstalk are noted. This brief review touches upon select critical facets of PH pathobiology and aims to incite further investigation that will result in discoveries with much-needed clinical impact for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunate Gallardo-Vara
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Aglaia Ntokou
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jui M Dave
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel G Jovin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Fatima Z Saddouk
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel M Greif
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
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14
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Hong J, Wong B, Huynh C, Tang B, Ruffenach G, Li M, Umar S, Yang X, Eghbali M. Tm4sf1-marked Endothelial Subpopulation Is Dysregulated in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:381-394. [PMID: 36252184 PMCID: PMC10112423 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0020oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and role of endothelial progenitor cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remain controversial. Single-cell omics analysis can shed light on endothelial progenitor cells and their potential contribution to PAH pathobiology. We aim to identify endothelial cells that may have stem/progenitor potential in rat lungs and assess their relevance to PAH. Differential expression, gene set enrichment, cell-cell communication, and trajectory reconstruction analyses were performed on lung endothelial cells from single-cell RNA sequencing of Sugen-hypoxia, monocrotaline, and control rats. Relevance to human PAH was assessed in multiple independent blood and lung transcriptomic data sets. Rat lung endothelial cells were visualized by immunofluorescence in situ, analyzed by flow cytometry, and assessed for tubulogenesis in vitro. A subpopulation of endothelial cells (endothelial arterial type 2 [EA2]) marked by Tm4sf1 (transmembrane 4 L six family member 1), a gene strongly implicated in cancer, harbored a distinct transcriptomic signature enriched for angiogenesis and CXCL12 signaling. Trajectory analysis predicted that EA2 has a less differentiated state compared with other endothelial subpopulations. Analysis of independent data sets revealed that TM4SF1 is downregulated in lungs and endothelial cells from patients and PAH models, is a marker for hematopoietic stem cells, and is upregulated in PAH circulation. TM4SF1+CD31+ rat lung endothelial cells were visualized in distal pulmonary arteries, expressed hematopoietic marker CD45, and formed tubules in coculture with lung fibroblasts. Our study uncovered a novel Tm4sf1-marked subpopulation of rat lung endothelial cells that may have stem/progenitor potential and demonstrated its relevance to PAH. Future studies are warranted to further elucidate the role of EA2 and Tm4sf1 in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Hong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Brenda Wong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | - Brian Tang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, and
| | - Gregoire Ruffenach
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Min Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Soban Umar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, and
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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15
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Kumar VHS. Is Anti-Vascular Growth Factor Therapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Associated With Pulmonary Hypertension? JAMA Ophthalmol 2023; 141:407-408. [PMID: 36862405 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasantha H S Kumar
- Center for Developmental Biology of the Lung, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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16
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Ponzoni M, Coles JG, Maynes JT. Rodent Models of Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure for Translational Investigations and Therapeutic Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043162. [PMID: 36834573 PMCID: PMC9963155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Even with modern therapy, patients with heart failure only have a 50% five-year survival rate. To improve the development of new therapeutic strategies, preclinical models of disease are needed to properly emulate the human condition. Determining the most appropriate model represents the first key step for reliable and translatable experimental research. Rodent models of heart failure provide a strategic compromise between human in vivo similarity and the ability to perform a larger number of experiments and explore many therapeutic candidates. We herein review the currently available rodent models of heart failure, summarizing their physiopathological basis, the timeline of the development of ventricular failure, and their specific clinical features. In order to facilitate the future planning of investigations in the field of heart failure, a detailed overview of the advantages and possible drawbacks of each model is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ponzoni
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Program in Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - John G. Coles
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Program in Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.G.C.); (J.T.M.)
| | - Jason T. Maynes
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Program in Molecular Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1E2, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.G.C.); (J.T.M.)
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17
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Breault NM, Wu D, Dasgupta A, Chen KH, Archer SL. Acquired disorders of mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1105565. [PMID: 36819102 PMCID: PMC9933518 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an orphan disease of the cardiopulmonary unit that reflects an obstructive pulmonary vasculopathy and presents with hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis, and ultimately failure of the right ventricle (RVF). Despite treatment using pulmonary hypertension (PH)-targeted therapies, persistent functional impairment reduces the quality of life for people with PAH and death from RVF occurs in approximately 40% of patients within 5 years of diagnosis. PH-targeted therapeutics are primarily vasodilators and none, alone or in combination, are curative. This highlights a need to therapeutically explore molecular targets in other pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of PAH. Several candidate pathways in PAH involve acquired mitochondrial dysfunction. These mitochondrial disorders include: 1) a shift in metabolism related to increased expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate kinase, which together increase uncoupled glycolysis (Warburg metabolism); 2) disruption of oxygen-sensing related to increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, resulting in a state of pseudohypoxia; 3) altered mitochondrial calcium homeostasis related to impaired function of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex, which elevates cytosolic calcium and reduces intramitochondrial calcium; and 4) abnormal mitochondrial dynamics related to increased expression of dynamin-related protein 1 and its binding partners, such as mitochondrial dynamics proteins of 49 kDa and 51 kDa, and depressed expression of mitofusin 2, resulting in increased mitotic fission. These acquired mitochondrial abnormalities increase proliferation and impair apoptosis in most pulmonary vascular cells (including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts). In the RV, Warburg metabolism and induction of glutaminolysis impairs bioenergetics and promotes hypokinesis, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This review will explore our current knowledge of the causes and consequences of disordered mitochondrial function in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan M. Breault
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Danchen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Danchen Wu, ; Stephen L. Archer,
| | - Asish Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kuang-Hueih Chen
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen L. Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,Queen’s Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Translational Institute of Medicine (TIME), Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Danchen Wu, ; Stephen L. Archer,
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18
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Swisher JW, Weaver E. The Evolving Management and Treatment Options for Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension: Current Evidence and Challenges. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2023; 19:103-126. [PMID: 36895278 PMCID: PMC9990521 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s321025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension may develop as a disease process specific to pulmonary arteries with no identifiable cause or may occur in relation to other cardiopulmonary and systemic illnesses. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies pulmonary hypertensive diseases on the basis of primary mechanisms causing increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Effective management of pulmonary hypertension begins with accurately diagnosing and classifying the disease in order to determine appropriate treatment. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a particularly challenging form of pulmonary hypertension as it involves a progressive, hyperproliferative arterial process that leads to right heart failure and death if untreated. Over the last two decades, our understanding of the pathobiology and genetics behind PAH has evolved and led to the development of several targeted disease modifiers that ameliorate hemodynamics and quality of life. Effective risk management strategies and more aggressive treatment protocols have also allowed better outcomes for patients with PAH. For those patients who experience progressive PAH with medical therapy, lung transplantation remains a life-saving option. More recent work has been directed at developing effective treatment strategies for other forms of pulmonary hypertension, such as chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and pulmonary hypertension due to other lung or heart diseases. The discovery of new disease pathways and modifiers affecting the pulmonary circulation is an ongoing area of intense investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Swisher
- East Tennessee Pulmonary Hypertension Center, StatCare Pulmonary Consultants, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Eric Weaver
- East Tennessee Pulmonary Hypertension Center, StatCare Pulmonary Consultants, Knoxville, TN, USA
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19
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Blanco I, Marquina M, Tura-Ceide O, Ferrer E, Ramírez AM, Lopez-Meseguer M, Callejo M, Perez-Vizcaino F, Peinado VI, Barberà JA. Survivin inhibition with YM155 ameliorates experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1145994. [PMID: 37188265 PMCID: PMC10176173 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1145994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis underlies the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Current vasodilator treatment of PAH does not target the uncontrolled proliferative process in pulmonary arteries. Proteins involved in the apoptosis pathway may play a role in PAH and their inhibition might represent a potential therapeutic target. Survivin is a member of the apoptosis inhibitor protein family involved in cell proliferation. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the potential role of survivin in the pathogenesis of PAH and the effects of its inhibition. Methods: In SU5416/hypoxia-induced PAH mice we assessed the expression of survivin by immunohistochemistry, western-blot analysis, and RT-PCR; the expression of proliferation-related genes (Bcl2 and Mki67); and the effects of the survivin inhibitor YM155. In explanted lungs from patients with PAH we assessed the expression of survivin, BCL2 and MKI67. Results: SU5416/hypoxia mice showed increased expression of survivin in pulmonary arteries and lung tissue extract, and upregulation of survivin, Bcl2 and Mki67 genes. Treatment with YM155 reduced right ventricle (RV) systolic pressure, RV thickness, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and the expression of survivin, Bcl2, and Mki67 to values similar to those in control animals. Lungs of patients with PAH also showed increased expression of survivin in pulmonary arteries and lung extract, and also that of BCL2 and MKI67 genes, compared with control lungs. Conclusion: We conclude that survivin might be involved in the pathogenesis of PAH and that its inhibition with YM155 might represent a novel therapeutic approach that warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Blanco
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Isabel Blanco,
| | - Maribel Marquina
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Ferrer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M. Ramírez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Maria Callejo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Departament of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Departament of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Ivo Peinado
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Albert Barberà
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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20
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Zhou W, Liu K, Zeng L, He J, Gao X, Gu X, Chen X, Jing Li J, Wang M, Wu D, Cai Z, Claesson-Welsh L, Ju R, Wang J, Zhang F, Chen Y. Targeting VEGF-A/VEGFR2 Y949 Signaling-Mediated Vascular Permeability Alleviates Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation 2022; 146:1855-1881. [PMID: 36384284 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with increased expression of VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A) and its receptor, VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor 2), but whether and how activation of VEGF-A signal participates in the pathogenesis of PH is unclear. METHODS VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signal activation and VEGFR2 Y949-dependent vascular leak were investigated in lung samples from patients with PH and mice exposed to hypoxia. To study their mechanistic roles in hypoxic PH, we examined right ventricle systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary vasculopathy in mutant mice carrying knock-in of phenylalanine that replaced the tyrosine at residual 949 of VEGFR2 (Vefgr2Y949F) and mice with conditional endothelial deletion of Vegfr2 after chronic hypoxia exposure. RESULTS We show that PH leads to excessive pulmonary vascular leak in both patients and hypoxic mice, and this is because of an overactivated VEGF-A/VEGFR2 Y949 signaling axis. In the context of hypoxic PH, activation of Yes1 and c-Src and subsequent VE-cadherin phosphorylation in endothelial cells are involved in VEGFR2 Y949-induced vascular permeability. Abolishing VEGFR2 Y949 signaling by Vefgr2Y949F point mutation was sufficient to prevent pulmonary vascular permeability and inhibit macrophage infiltration and Rac1 activation in smooth muscle cells under hypoxia exposure, thereby leading to alleviated PH manifestations, including muscularization of distal pulmonary arterioles, elevated right ventricle systolic pressure, and right ventricular hypertrophy. It is important that we found that VEGFR2 Y949 signaling in myeloid cells including macrophages was trivial and dispensable for hypoxia-induced vascular abnormalities and PH. In contrast with selective blockage of VEGFR2 Y949 signaling, disruption of the entire VEGFR2 signaling by conditional endothelial deletion of Vegfr2 promotes the development of PH. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the notion that VEGF-A/VEGFR2 Y949-dependent vascular permeability is an important determinant in the pathogenesis of PH and might serve as an attractive therapeutic target pathway for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.).,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.).,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Keli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Lei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Jiaqi He
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.).,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Xinbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Xun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Jing Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Minghui Wang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Duoguang Wu
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Zhixiong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shantou Central Hospital, China (Z.C.)
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Rudbeck, SciLifeLab and Beijer Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.C.-W.)
| | - Rong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.).,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Yangxin Chen
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.).,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., J.W., Y.C.)
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21
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Hojda SE, Chis IC, Clichici S. Biomarkers in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123033. [PMID: 36553040 PMCID: PMC9776459 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe medical condition characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), right ventricular (RV) failure, and death in the absence of appropriate treatment. The progression and prognosis are strictly related to the etiology, biochemical parameters, and treatment response. The gold-standard test remains right-sided heart catheterization, but dynamic monitoring of systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery is performed using echocardiography. However, simple and easily accessible non-invasive assays are also required in order to monitor this pathology. In addition, research in this area is in continuous development. In recent years, more and more biomarkers have been studied and included in clinical guidelines. These biomarkers can be categorized based on their associations with inflammation, endothelial cell dysfunction, cardiac fibrosis, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders. Moreover, biomarkers can be easily detected in blood and urine and correlated with disease severity, playing an important role in diagnosis, prognosis, and disease progression.
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22
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Anis M, Gonzales J, Halstrom R, Baig N, Humpal C, Demeritte R, Epshtein Y, Jacobson JR, Fraidenburg DR. Non-Muscle MLCK Contributes to Endothelial Cell Hyper-Proliferation through the ERK Pathway as a Mechanism for Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113641. [PMID: 36362426 PMCID: PMC9654627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, uncontrolled proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance resulting in great morbidity and poor survival. Bone morphogenetic protein receptor II (BMPR2) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PAH as the most common genetic mutation. Non-muscle myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) is an essential component of the cellular cytoskeleton and recent studies have shown that increased nmMLCK activity regulates biological processes in various pulmonary diseases such as asthma and acute lung injury. In this study, we aimed to discover the role of nmMLCK in the proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs) in the pathogenesis of PAH. We used two cellular models relevant to the pathobiology of PAH including BMPR2 silenced and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulated HPAECs. Both models demonstrated an increase in nmMLCK activity along with a robust increase in cellular proliferation, inflammation, and cellular migration. The upregulated nmMLCK activity was also associated with increased ERK expression pointing towards a potential integral cytoplasmic interaction. Mechanistically, we confirmed that when nmMLCK is inhibited by MLCK selective inhibitor (ML-7), proliferation and migration are attenuated. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that nmMLCK upregulation in association with increased ERK expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of PAHby stimulating cellular proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Anis
- Northwestern Medical Group, Lake Forest, IL 60045, USA
| | - Janae Gonzales
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rachel Halstrom
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Noman Baig
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Cat Humpal
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Regaina Demeritte
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yulia Epshtein
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dustin R. Fraidenburg
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-312-355-5918
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23
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Ulrich S, Lichtblau M, Schneider SR, Saxer S, Bloch KE. Clinician's Corner: Counseling Patients with Pulmonary Vascular Disease Traveling to High Altitude. High Alt Med Biol 2022; 23:201-208. [PMID: 35852848 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2022.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulrich, Silvia, Mona Lichtblau, Simon R. Schneider, Stéphanie Saxer, and Konrad E. Bloch, Clinician's corner: counseling patients with pulmonary vascular disease traveling to high altitude. High Alt Med Biol. 23:201-208, 2022.-Pulmonary vascular diseases (PVDs) with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH), such as pulmonary arterial or chronic thromboembolic PH, impair exercise performance and survival in patients. Vasodilators and other treatments improve quality of life and prognosis to an extent in patients who have PVDs as chronic disorders. Obviously, patients with PVD wish to participate in usual daily activities, including travel to popular settlements and mountainous regions located at high altitude. However, the pulmonary hemodynamic impairment due to PVD leads to blood and tissue hypoxia, particularly during exercise and sleep. It is thus of concern that alveolar hypoxia at higher altitude may exacerbate patients' symptoms and lead to decompensation. Current PH guidelines discourage high-altitude exposure for fear of altitude-related adverse health effects. However, several recent well-designed prospective and randomized trials show that despite altitude-induced hypoxemia, pulmonary hemodynamic changes and impairment of exercise performance in patients with PVD are similar to the responses in healthy people or in patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The vast majority of patients with PVD can tolerate short-term exposure to moderate altitudes up to 2,500 m. For the roughly 10% of patients with stable disease who develop severe hypoxemia when ascending to 2,500 m, they respond well to low-level supplemental oxygen support. The best low-altitude predictors for adverse health effects at high altitude are the known clinical risk factors for PVD such as symptoms, functional class, exercise capacity, and exertional oxygen desaturation, whereas hypoxia altitude simulation testing is of little additive value. In any case, patients should be instructed that altitude-related adverse health effects may be difficult to predict and that in case of worsening symptoms, immediate accompanied descent to lower altitude and oxygen therapy are required. Patients with severe hypoxemia near sea level may safely visit high-altitude regions up to 1,500-2,000 m while continuing oxygen therapy and avoiding strenuous exercise. All PH patients should be counseled before any high-altitude sojourn by doctors with experience in PVD and high-altitude medicine and have an action plan for the occurrence of severe hypoxemia and other altitude-related conditions such as acute mountain sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ulrich
- Pulmonary Division and Sleep Disorders Center, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mona Lichtblau
- Pulmonary Division and Sleep Disorders Center, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon R Schneider
- Pulmonary Division and Sleep Disorders Center, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Saxer
- Pulmonary Division and Sleep Disorders Center, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad E Bloch
- Pulmonary Division and Sleep Disorders Center, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Palakeel JJ, Ali M, Chaduvula P, Chhabra S, Lamsal Lamichhane S, Ramesh V, Opara CO, Khan FY, Kabiraj G, Kauser H, Mostafa JA. An Outlook on the Etiopathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension in HIV. Cureus 2022; 14:e27390. [PMID: 36046315 PMCID: PMC9418639 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although overall survival rates of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been significantly improved by antiretroviral therapy (ART), chronic comorbidities associated with HIV result in a worsening quality of life. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is the most prevalent comorbidity associated with HIV infection. Despite low viremia and a non-replicative state maintained by ART, few people develop PAH. Previous data from animal models and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs) suggests a constellation of events occurring during the propagation of HIV-associated PAH (HIV-PAH). However, these studies have not successfully isolated HIV virions, HIV-DNA, protein 24 antigen (p24), or HIV-RNA from the pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs). It provides an insight into an ongoing inflammatory process that could be attributed to viral proteins. Several studies have demonstrated the role of viral proteins on vascular remodeling. A composite of chronic inflammatory changes mediated by cytokines and growth factors along with several inciting risk factors such as Hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection, genetic factors, male predominance, illegal drug usage, and duration of HIV infection have led to molecular changes that result in an initial phase of apoptosis followed by the formation of apoptotic resistant hyperproliferative ECs with altered phenotype. This study aims to identify the risk factors and mechanisms behind HIV-PAH pathobiology at the host-pathogen interface at the intracellular level.
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25
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Luo A, Hao R, Zhou X, Jia Y, Tang H. Integrative Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analyses of Hypoxia-Treated Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10030023. [PMID: 35893764 PMCID: PMC9326561 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is one of the main causes of pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Hypoxia is an important factor related to PAH and can induce the excessive proliferation of PASMCs and inhibit apoptosis. To explore the possible mechanism of hypoxia-related PAH, human PASMCs are exposed to hypoxia for 24 h and tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses are performed. Proteomic analysis revealed 134 proteins are significantly changed (p < 0.05, |log2 (fold change)| > log2 [1.1]), of which 48 proteins are upregulated and 86 are downregulated. Some of the changed proteins are verified by using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Phosphoproteomic analysis identified 404 significantly changed (p < 0.05, |log2 (fold change)| > log2 [1.1]) phosphopeptides. Among them, 146 peptides are upregulated while 258 ones are downregulated. The kinase-substrate enrichment analysis revealed kinases such as P21 protein-activated kinase 1/2/4 (PAK1/2/4), protein-kinase cGMP-dependent 1 and 2 (PRKG1/2), and mitogen-activated protein-kinase 4/6/7 (MAP2K4/6/7) are significantly enriched and activated. For all the significantly changed proteins or phosphoproteins, a comprehensive pathway analysis is performed. In general, this study furthers our understanding of the mechanism of hypoxia-induced PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (R.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (H.T.)
| | - Rongrong Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (R.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.J.)
| | - Xia Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (R.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yangfan Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (R.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.J.)
| | - Haiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (H.T.)
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26
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Suraya R, Nagano T, Ryanto GRT, Effendi WI, Hazama D, Katsurada N, Yamamoto M, Tachihara M, Emoto N, Nishimura Y, Kobayashi K. Budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate triple therapy prevents pulmonary hypertension in a COPD mouse model via NFκB inactivation. Respir Res 2022; 23:173. [PMID: 35761394 PMCID: PMC9238100 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a health problem that results in death, commonly due to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Here, by utilizing a mouse model of intratracheal elastase-induced emphysema that presents three different phases of COPD, we sought to observe whether budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate (BGF) triple therapy could prevent COPD-PH in addition to ameliorating COPD progression. METHODS We utilized intratracheal elastase-induced emphysema mouse model and performed experiments in three phases illustrating COPD progression: inflammatory (1 day post-elastase), emphysema (3 weeks post-elastase) and PH (4 weeks post-elastase), while treatments of BGF and controls (vehicle, one-drug, and two-drug combinations) were started in prior to elastase instillation (inflammatory phase), at day 7 (emphysema), or at day 14 (PH phase). Phenotype analyses were performed in each phase. In vitro, A549 cells or isolated mouse lung endothelial cells (MLEC) were treated with TNFα with/without BGF treatment to analyze NFκB signaling and cytokine expression changes. RESULTS We observed significant reductions in the proinflammatory phenotype observed in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) 1 day after elastase administration in mice treated with BGF compared with that in mice administered elastase alone (BALF neutrophil percentage, p = 0.0011 for PBS/Vehicle vs. PBS/Elastase, p = 0.0161 for PBS/Elastase vs. BGF). In contrast, only BGF treatment significantly ameliorated the elastase-induced emphysematous lung structure and desaturation after three weeks of elastase instillation (mean linear intercept, p = 0.0156 for PBS/Vehicle vs. PBS/Elastase, p = 0.0274 for PBS/Elastase vs. BGF). Furthermore, BGF treatment prevented COPD-PH development, as shown by improvements in the hemodynamic and histological phenotypes four weeks after elastase treatment (right ventricular systolic pressure, p = 0.0062 for PBS/Vehicle vs. PBS/Elastase, p = 0.027 for PBS/Elastase vs. BGF). Molecularly, BGF acts by inhibiting NFκB-p65 phosphorylation and subsequently decreasing the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines in both alveolar epithelial and pulmonary endothelial cells. CONCLUSION Our results collectively showed that BGF treatment could prevent PH in addition to ameliorating COPD progression via the inhibition of inflammatory NFκB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratoe Suraya
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Gusty Rizky Teguh Ryanto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama Kitamachi, Higashinada, Kobe, Japan
| | - Wiwin Is Effendi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hazama
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoko Katsurada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Yamamoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Motoko Tachihara
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriaki Emoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama Kitamachi, Higashinada, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
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27
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Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) because of chronic lung disease is categorized as Group 3 PH in the most recent classification system. Prevalence of these diseases is increasing over time, creating a growing need for effective therapeutic options. Recent approval of the first pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy for the treatment of Group 3 PH related to interstitial lung disease represents an encouraging advancement. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms contributing to pulmonary vasculopathy in chronic hypoxia, the pathology and epidemiology of Group 3 PH, the right ventricular dysfunction observed in this population and clinical trial data that inform the use of pulmonary vasodilators in Group 3 PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Singh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (N.S., C.E.V.), Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Peter Dorfmüller
- Department of Pathology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig University, Germany (P.D.).,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany (P.D.)
| | - Oksana A Shlobin
- Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA (O.A.S.)
| | - Corey E Ventetuolo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (N.S., C.E.V.), Brown University, Providence, RI.,Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice (C.E.V.), Brown University, Providence, RI
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28
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Tan JS, Hu S, Guo TT, Hua L, Wang XJ. Text Mining-Based Drug Discovery for Connective Tissue Disease–Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:743210. [PMID: 35370713 PMCID: PMC8971927 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.743210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The current medical treatments for connective tissue disease–associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (CTD-PAH) do not show favorable efficiency for all patients, and identification of novel drugs is desired. Methods: Text mining was performed to obtain CTD- and PAH-related gene sets, and the intersection of the two gene sets was analyzed for functional enrichment through DAVID. The protein–protein interaction network of the overlapping genes and the significant gene modules were determined using STRING. The enriched candidate genes were further analyzed by Drug Gene Interaction database to identify drugs with potential therapeutic effects on CTD-PAH. Results: Based on text mining analysis, 179 genes related to CTD and PAH were identified. Through enrichment analysis of the genes, 20 genes representing six pathways were obtained. To further narrow the scope of potential existing drugs, we selected targeted drugs with a Query Score ≥5 and Interaction Score ≥1. Finally, 13 drugs targeting the six genes were selected as candidate drugs, which were divided into four drug–gene interaction types, and 12 of them had initial drug indications approved by the FDA. The potential gene targets of the drugs on this list are IL-6 (one drug) and IL-1β (two drugs), MMP9 (one drug), VEGFA (three drugs), TGFB1 (one drug), and EGFR (five drugs). These drugs might be used to treat CTD-PAH. Conclusion: We identified 13 drugs targeting six genes that may have potential therapeutic effects on CTD-PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Shan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Song Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Hua
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Hua, ; Xiao-Jian Wang,
| | - Xiao-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Hua, ; Xiao-Jian Wang,
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29
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Wang J, Niu Y, Luo L, Lu Z, Chen Q, Zhang S, Guo Q, Li L, Gou D. Decoding ceRNA regulatory network in the pulmonary artery of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) rat model. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:27. [PMID: 35255963 PMCID: PMC8900362 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a lethal cardiovascular disease with the characteristic of severe remodeling of pulmonary vascular. Although a large number of dysregulated mRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and miRNAs related to HPH have been identified from extensive studies, the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network in the pulmonary artery that responds to hypoxia remains largely unknown. Results Transcriptomic profiles in the pulmonary arteries of HPH rats were characterized through high-throughput RNA sequencing in this study. Through relatively strict screening, a set of differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs) including 19 DEmRNAs, 8 DElncRNAs, 19 DEcircRNAs, and 23 DEmiRNAs were identified between HPH and normal rats. The DEmRNAs were further found to be involved in cell adhesion, axon guidance, PPAR signaling pathway, and calcium signaling pathway, suggesting their crucial role in HPH. Moreover, a hypoxia-induced ceRNA regulatory network in the pulmonary arteries of HPH rats was constructed according to the ceRNA hypothesis. More specifically, the ceRNA network was composed of 10 miRNAs as hub nodes, which might be sponged by 6 circRNAs and 7 lncRNAs, and directed the expression of 18 downstream target genes that might play important role in the progression of HPH. The expression patterns of selected DERNAs in the ceRNA network were then validated to be consistent with sequencing results in another three independent batches of HPH and normal control rats. The diagnostic effectiveness of several hub mRNAs in ceRNA network was further evaluated through investigating their expression profiles in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) recorded in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE117261. Dysregulated POSTN, LTBP2, SPP1, and LSAMP were observed in both the pulmonary arteries of HPH rats and lung tissues of PAH patients. Conclusions A ceRNA regulatory network in the pulmonary arteries of HPH rats was constructed, 10 hub miRNAs and their corresponding interacting lncRNAs, circRNAs, and mRNAs were identified. The expression patterns of selected DERNAs were further validated to be consistent with the sequencing result. POSTN, LTBP2, SPP1, and LSAMP were suggested to be potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PAH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00762-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, Carson International Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yanqin Niu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, Carson International Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lingjie Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, Carson International Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zefeng Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, Carson International Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, Carson International Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, Carson International Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qianwen Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, Carson International Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Li Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, Carson International Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Deming Gou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, Carson International Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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30
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Zagorski J, Neto‐Neves E, Alves NJ, Fisher AJ, Kline JA. Modulation of soluble guanylate cyclase ameliorates pulmonary hypertension in a rat model of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension by stimulating angiogenesis. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15156. [PMID: 35001565 PMCID: PMC8743875 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) does not always resolve after treatment and can progress to chronic thromboembolic disease (CTED) or the more severe chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The mechanisms surrounding the likelihood of PE resolution or progress to CTED/CTEPH remain largely unknown. We have developed a rat model of CTEPH that closely resembles the human disease in terms of hemodynamics and cardiac manifestations. Embolization of rats with polystyrene microspheres followed by suppression of angiogenesis with the inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) SU5416 results in transient, acute pulmonary hypertension that progresses into chronic PE with PH with sustained right ventricular systolic pressures exceeding 70 mmHg (chronic pulmonary embolism [CPE] model). This model is similar to the widely utilized hypoxia/SU5416 model with the exception that the "first hit" is PE. Rats with CPE have impaired right heart function characterized by reduced VO2 Max, reduced cardiac output, and increased Fulton index. None of these metrics are adversely affected by PE alone. Contrast-mediated CT imaging of lungs from rats with PE minus SU5416 show large increases in pulmonary vascular volume, presumably due to an angiogenic response to acute PE/PH. Co-treatment with SU5416 suppresses angiogenesis and produces the CTEPH-like phenotype. We report here that treatment of CPE rats with agonists for soluble guanylate cyclase, a source of cGMP which is in turn a signal for angiogenesis, markedly increases angiogenesis in lungs, and ameliorates the cardiac deficiencies in the CPE model. These results have implications for future development of therapies for human CTEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Zagorski
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Present address:
Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineRiley R2 435, 950 W. Walnut St.IndianapolisIndiana46202USA
| | - Evandro Neto‐Neves
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Present address:
Department of PharmacologyRiberiao Proto Medical SchoolUniversity of San PauloSau PauloBrazil
| | - Nathan J. Alves
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Amanda J. Fisher
- Department of AnesthesiaIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Jeffrey A. Kline
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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31
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Taghizadeh S, Chao CM, Guenther S, Glaser L, Gersmann L, Michel G, Kraut S, Goth K, Koepke J, Heiner M, Vazquez-Armendariz AI, Herold S, Samakovlis C, Weissmann N, Ricci F, Aquila G, Boyer L, Ehrhardt H, Minoo P, Bellusci S, Rivetti S. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells 2022; 40:605-617. [PMID: 35437594 PMCID: PMC9216486 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a neonatal lung disease developing in premature babies characterized by arrested alveologenesis and associated with decreased Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) expression. One-week hyperoxia (HYX) exposure of newborn mice leads to a permanent arrest in alveologenesis. To test the role of Fgf10 signaling to promote de novo alveologenesis following hyperoxia, we used transgenic mice allowing inducible expression of Fgf10 and recombinant FGF10 (rFGF10) protein delivered intraperitoneally. We carried out morphometry analysis, and IF on day 45. Alveolospheres assays were performed co-culturing AT2s from normoxia (NOX) with FACS-isolated Sca1Pos resident mesenchymal cells (rMC) from animals exposed to NOX, HYX-PBS, or HYX-FGF10. scRNAseq between rMC-Sca1Pos isolated from NOX and HYX-PBS was also carried out. Transgenic overexpression of Fgf10 and rFGF10 administration rescued the alveologenesis defects following HYX. Alveolosphere assays indicate that the activity of rMC-Sca1Pos is negatively impacted by HYX and partially rescued by rFGF10 treatment. Analysis by IF demonstrates a significant impact of rFGF10 on the activity of resident mesenchymal cells. scRNAseq results identified clusters expressing Fgf10, Fgf7, Pdgfra, and Axin2, which could represent the rMC niche cells for the AT2 stem cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that rFGF10 administration is able to induce de novo alveologenesis in a BPD mouse model and identified subpopulations of rMC-Sca1Pos niche cells potentially representing its cellular target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lea Glaser
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Luisa Gersmann
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Michel
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Simone Kraut
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Goth
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Janine Koepke
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Monika Heiner
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Christos Samakovlis
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Francesca Ricci
- Neonatology and Pulmonary Rare Disease Unit, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Aquila
- Neonatology and Pulmonary Rare Disease Unit, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
| | - Harald Ehrhardt
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Parviz Minoo
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Corresponding author: Saverio Bellusci, ; or, Stefano Rivetti, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany;
| | - Stefano Rivetti
- Corresponding author: Saverio Bellusci, ; or, Stefano Rivetti, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany;
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32
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Andrographolide Attenuates Established Pulmonary Hypertension via Rescue of Vascular Remodeling. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121801. [PMID: 34944445 PMCID: PMC8699233 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by vascular remodeling caused by marked proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Andrographolide (ANDRO) is a potent anti-inflammatory agent which possesses antioxidant, and has anticarcinogenic activity. The present study examined potential therapeutic effects of ANDRO on PH in both chronic hypoxia and Sugen5416/hypoxia mouse PH models. Effects of ANDRO were also studied in cultured human PASMCs isolated from either healthy donors or PH patients. In vivo, ANDRO decreased distal pulmonary arteries (PAs) remodeling, mean PA pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy in chronic hypoxia- and Sugen/hypoxia-induced PH in mice. ANDRO reduced cell viability, proliferation and migration, but increased cell apoptosis in the PASMCs isolated from PH patients. ANDRO also reversed the dysfunctional bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 (BMPR2) signaling, suppressed [Ca2+]i elevation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and the upregulated expression of IL-6 and IL-8, ET-1 and VEGF in PASMCs from PH patients. Moreover, ANDRO significantly attenuated the activation of TLR4/NF-κB, ERK- and JNK-MAPK signaling pathways and reversed the inhibition of p38-MAPK in PASMCs of PH patients. Further, ANDRO blocked hypoxia-triggered ROS generation by suppressing NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation and augmenting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression both in vitro and in vivo. Conventional pulmonary vasodilators have limited efficacy for the treatment of severe PH. We demonstrated that ANDRO may reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling through modulation of NOX/Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress and NF-κB-mediated inflammation. Our findings suggest that ANDRO may have therapeutic value in the treatment of PH.
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert F Voelkel
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harm J Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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34
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Woo KV, Shen IY, Weinheimer CJ, Kovacs A, Nigro J, Lin CY, Chakinala M, Byers DE, Ornitz DM. Endothelial FGF signaling is protective in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141467. [PMID: 34623323 DOI: 10.1172/jci141467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) is one of the most common and deadliest forms of PH. Fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 and 2 (FGFR1/2) are elevated in patients with PH and in mice exposed to chronic hypoxia. Endothelial FGFR1/2 signaling is important for the adaptive response to several injury types and we hypothesized that endothelial FGFR1/2 signaling would protect against hypoxia-induced PH. Mice lacking endothelial FGFR1/2, mice with activated endothelial FGFR signaling, and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were challenged with hypoxia. We assessed the effect of FGFR activation and inhibition on right ventricular pressure, vascular remodeling, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a known pathologic change seen in patients with PH. Hypoxia-exposed mice lacking endothelial FGFRs developed increased PH, while mice overexpressing a constitutively active FGFR in endothelial cells did not develop PH. Mechanistically, lack of endothelial FGFRs or inhibition of FGFRs in HPAECs led to increased TGF-β signaling and increased EndMT in response to hypoxia. These phenotypes were reversed in mice with activated endothelial FGFR signaling, suggesting that FGFR signaling inhibits TGF-β pathway-mediated EndMT during chronic hypoxia. Consistent with these observations, lung tissue from patients with PH showed activation of FGFR and TGF-β signaling. Collectively, these data suggest that activation of endothelial FGFR signaling could be therapeutic for hypoxia-induced PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kel Vin Woo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Developmental Biology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Murali Chakinala
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Derek E Byers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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35
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Gu M, Donato M, Guo M, Wary N, Miao Y, Mao S, Saito T, Otsuki S, Wang L, Harper RL, Sa S, Khatri P, Rabinovitch M. iPSC-endothelial cell phenotypic drug screening and in silico analyses identify tyrphostin-AG1296 for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/592/eaba6480. [PMID: 33952674 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba6480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disorder leading to occlusive vascular remodeling. Current PAH therapies improve quality of life but do not reverse structural abnormalities in the pulmonary vasculature. Here, we used high-throughput drug screening combined with in silico analyses of existing transcriptomic datasets to identify a promising lead compound to reverse PAH. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells generated from six patients with PAH were exposed to 4500 compounds and assayed for improved cell survival after serum withdrawal using a chemiluminescent caspase assay. Subsequent validation of caspase activity and improved angiogenesis combined with data analyses using the Gene Expression Omnibus and Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures databases revealed that the lead compound AG1296 was positively associated with an anti-PAH gene signature. AG1296 increased abundance of bone morphogenetic protein receptors, downstream signaling, and gene expression and suppressed PAH smooth muscle cell proliferation. AG1296 induced regression of PA neointimal lesions in lung organ culture and PA occlusive changes in the Sugen/hypoxia rat model and reduced right ventricular systolic pressure. Moreover, AG1296 improved vascular function and BMPR2 signaling and showed better correlation with the anti-PAH gene signature than other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Specifically, AG1296 up-regulated small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 1/5 coactivators, cAMP response element-binding protein 3 (CREB3), and CREB5: CREB3 induced inhibitor of DNA binding 1 and downstream genes that improved vascular function. Thus, drug discovery for PAH can be accelerated by combining phenotypic screening with in silico analyses of publicly available datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Gu
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Michele Donato
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics) and Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Minzhe Guo
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Neil Wary
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yifei Miao
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Shuai Mao
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Toshie Saito
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shoichiro Otsuki
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lingli Wang
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca L Harper
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Silin Sa
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics) and Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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36
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Sweatt AJ, Reddy R, Rahaghi FN, Al-Naamani N. What's new in pulmonary hypertension clinical research: lessons from the best abstracts at the 2020 American Thoracic Society International Conference. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:20458940211040713. [PMID: 34471517 PMCID: PMC8404658 DOI: 10.1177/20458940211040713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this conference paper, we review the 2020 American Thoracic Society International Conference session titled, "What's New in Pulmonary Hypertension Clinical Research: Lessons from the Best Abstracts". This virtual mini-symposium took place on 21 October 2020, in lieu of the annual in-person ATS International Conference which was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Seven clinical research abstracts were selected for presentation in the session, which encompassed five major themes: (1) standardizing diagnosis and management of pulmonary hypertension, (2) improving risk assessment in pulmonary arterial hypertension, (3) evaluating biomarkers of disease activity, (4) understanding metabolic dysregulation across the spectrum of pulmonary hypertension, and (5) advancing knowledge in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Focusing on these five thematic contexts, we review the current state of knowledge, summarize presented research abstracts, appraise their significance and limitations, and then discuss relevant future directions in pulmonary hypertension clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Sweatt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Raju Reddy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Farbod N. Rahaghi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nadine Al-Naamani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - on behalf of the American Thoracic Society Pulmonary Circulation Assembly Early Career Working Group
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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37
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Sitapara R, Sugarragchaa C, Zisman LS. SU5416 plus hypoxia but not selective VEGFR2 inhibition with cabozantinib plus hypoxia induces pulmonary hypertension in rats: potential role of BMPR2 signaling. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:20458940211021528. [PMID: 34178306 PMCID: PMC8202272 DOI: 10.1177/20458940211021528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SU5416 plus chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats and is assumed to occur through VEGFR2 inhibition. Cabozantinib is a far more potent VEGFR2 inhibitor than SU5416. Therefore, we hypothesized that cabozantinib plus hypoxia would induce severe pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. Cell proliferation and pharmacokinetic studies were performed. Rats were given SU5416 or cabozantinib subcutaneously or via osmotic pump and kept hypoxic for three weeks. Right ventricular systolic pressure and hypertrophy were evaluated at days 14 and 28 following removal from hypoxia. Right ventricular fibrosis was evaluated with Picro-Sirius Red staining. Kinome inhibition profiles of SU5416 and cabozantinib were performed. Inhibitor binding constants of SU5416 and cabozantinib for BMPR2 were determined and Nanostring analyses of lung mRNA were performed. Cabozantinib was a more potent VEGFR inhibitor than SU5416 and had a longer half-life in rats. Cabozantinib subcutaneous plus hypoxia did not induce severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. Right ventricular systolic pressure at 14 and 28 days post-hypoxia was 36.8 ± 2.3 mmHg and 36.2 ± 3.4 mmHg, respectively, versus 27.5 ± 1.5 mmHg in normal controls. For cabozantinib given by osmotic pump during hypoxia, right ventricular systolic pressure was 40.0 ± 3.1 mmHg at 14 days and 27.9 ± 1.9 mmHg at 28 days post-hypoxia. SU5416 plus hypoxia induced severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (right ventricular systolic pressure 61.9 ± 6.1 mmHg and 64.9 ± 8.4 mmHg at 14 and 28 days post-hypoxia, respectively). Cabozantinib induced less right ventricular hypertrophy (right ventricular free wall weight/(left ventricular free wall weight + interventricular septum weight) at 14 days post-hypoxia compared to SU5416. Right ventricular fibrosis was more extensive in the SU5416 groups compared to the cabozantinib groups. SU5416 (but not cabozantinib) inhibited BMPR2. Nanostring analyses showed effects on pulmonary gene expression of BMP10 and VEGFR1 in the SU5416 28 days post-hypoxia group. In conclusion, selective VEGFR2 inhibition using cabozantinib plus hypoxia did not induce severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension due to SU5416 plus hypoxia may be due to combined VEGFR2 and BMPR2 inhibition.
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38
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Tatius B, Wasityastuti W, Astarini FD, Nugrahaningsih DAA. Significance of BMPR2 mutations in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respir Investig 2021; 59:397-407. [PMID: 34023242 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating disease that results from progressive remodeling and inflammation of pulmonary arteries. PAH develops gradually, is difficult to diagnose, and has a high mortality rate. Although mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) gene has been identified as the main genetic cause of PAH, the underlying pathways involving the pathophysiology of PAH are complex and still not fully understood. Endothelial dysfunction has been observed in PAH development that results in a multitude of disturbances in the cellular processes in pulmonary vessels. Changes in the pulmonary vasculature caused by the disruption of BMPR2 signaling are observed in three main vascular components; endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. BMPR2 also has a prominent role in maintenance of the immune system. The disruption of BMPR2 signaling pathway causes an increased degree of inflammation and decreases the ability of the immune system to resolve it. Inflammatory processes and changes in pulmonary vasculature interact with one another, resulting in the progression of chronic PAH. In this review, we highlight the various components of vascular remodeling and immune response that are caused by disruption of BMPR2 signaling, including the clinical evidence and the prospects of these components as a potential target for PAH therapy. Indeed, development of drugs to target the pathogenic pathways involved in PAH may complement existing treatment regimens and improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bintang Tatius
- Master in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281, Indonesia; Biomedical Laboratory, Medicine Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah, Semarang, 50272, Indonesia
| | - Widya Wasityastuti
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Fajar Dwi Astarini
- Master in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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39
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Yamamura A, Nayeem MJ, Sato M. [Roles of growth factors on vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2021; 156:161-165. [PMID: 33952845 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.21006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined as mean pulmonary arterial pressure at rest ≥25 mmHg. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is classified as group 1 of PH and is a progressive and fatal disease of the pulmonary artery. The pathogenesis is sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling, which cause progressive elevations in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure. Elevated pulmonary arterial pressure leads to right heart failure and finally death. The pulmonary vascular remodeling is triggered by an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt). [Ca2+]cyt is regulated by the stimulation of vasoconstrictors and growth factors though their receptors and ion channels on the plasma membrane. It has been reported that the epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are involved in the development of PAH. Upon binding of these growth factors with their specific receptor tyrosine kinases, their receptors activate cytosolic Ca2+ signaling and signal transduction cascades to induce cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Expressions of some growth factors and their receptors upregulate in PAH patients, which contributes to the formation of vascular remodeling and plexiform lesions in PAH. We have recently found that enhanced Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) function is involved the development of PAH and CaSR expression is upregulated by PDGF in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from idiopathic PAH patients. This review will be discussed the physiological and pathological roles of growth factors in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yamamura
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University
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Ryanto GRT, Ikeda K, Miyagawa K, Tu L, Guignabert C, Humbert M, Fujiyama T, Yanagisawa M, Hirata KI, Emoto N. An endothelial activin A-bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 link is overdriven in pulmonary hypertension. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1720. [PMID: 33741934 PMCID: PMC7979873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive fatal disease that is characterized by pathological pulmonary artery remodeling, in which endothelial cell dysfunction is critically involved. We herein describe a previously unknown role of endothelial angiocrine in pulmonary hypertension. By searching for genes highly expressed in lung microvascular endothelial cells, we identify inhibin-β-A as an angiocrine factor produced by pulmonary capillaries. We find that excess production of inhibin-β-A by endothelial cells impairs the endothelial function in an autocrine manner by functioning as activin-A. Mechanistically, activin-A induces bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 internalization and targeting to lysosomes for degradation, resulting in the signal deficiency in endothelial cells. Of note, endothelial cells isolated from the lung of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension show higher inhibin-β-A expression and produce more activin-A compared to endothelial cells isolated from the lung of normal control subjects. When endothelial activin-A-bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 link is overdriven in mice, hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension was exacerbated, whereas conditional knockout of inhibin-β-A in endothelial cells prevents the progression of pulmonary hypertension. These data collectively indicate a critical role for the dysregulated endothelial activin-A-bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 link in the progression of pulmonary hypertension, and thus endothelial inhibin-β-A/activin-A might be a potential pharmacotherapeutic target for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gusty R T Ryanto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koji Ikeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada, Kobe, Japan.
- Department of Epidemiology for Longevity and Regional Health, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyou, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyou, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Miyagawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Tomoyuki Fujiyama
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriaki Emoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
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Link PA, Heise RL, Weinberg SH. Cellular mitosis predicts vessel stability in a mechanochemical model of sprouting angiogenesis. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:1195-1208. [PMID: 33715101 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels, occurs in both developmental and pathological contexts. Prior research has investigated vessel formation to identify cellular phenotypes and dynamics associated with angiogenic disease. One major family of proteins involved in angiogenesis are the Rho GTPases, which govern function related to cellular elongation, migration, and proliferation. Using a mechanochemical model coupling Rho GTPase activity and cellular and intercellular mechanics, we investigate the role of cellular mitosis on sprouting angiogenesis. Mitosis-GTPase synchronization was not a strong predictor of GTPase and thus vessel signaling instability, whereas the location of mitotic events was predicted to alter GTPase cycling instabilities. Our model predicts that middle stalk cells undergoing mitosis introduce irregular dynamics in GTPase cycling and may provide a source of aberrant angiogenesis. We also find that cellular and junctional tension exhibit spatial heterogeneity through the vessel, and that tension feedback, specifically in stalk cells, tends to increase the maximum forces generated in the vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Link
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rebecca L Heise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Seth H Weinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Guo HM, Liu ZP. Up-regulation of circRNA_0068481 promotes right ventricular hypertrophy in PAH patients via regulating miR-646/miR-570/miR-885. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3735-3743. [PMID: 33710774 PMCID: PMC8051745 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CircRNA‐0068481 and several miRNAs are important in the pathogenesis of right ventricular hypertrophy (VH), while the inhibition of eye absent transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 3 (EYA3) was proved to reverse vascular remodelling in rats. In this study, we tried to study the diagnostic value and mechanistic role of circRNA_0068481 in the diagnosis of RVH in PAH patients. qPCR was done to measure circRNA‐0068481, miR‐646, miR‐750, miR‐885 and EYA3 mRNA expression. Luciferase assay was done to explore the regulatory relationship between circRNA‐0068481/EYA3 and the miRNAs. Western blot was done to measure EYA3 expression in AC16 cells. The expression of circRNA‐0068481, miR‐646 and miR‐570 showed a considerable capability to diagnose RVH in PAH patients. The luciferase activity of circRNA‐0068481 was remarkably suppressed by miR‐646, miR‐570 or miR‐885. The luciferase signal of EYA3 was also inhibited by miR‐646, miR‐570 and miR‐885. Up‐regulation of circRNA‐0068481 expression in AC16 significantly decreased miR‐646, miR‐570 and miR‐885 expression, and up‐regulated EYA3 expression, whereas circRNA‐0068481 down‐regulation significantly increased miR‐646, miR‐570 and miR‐885 expression, and repressed EYA3 expression. CircRNA_0068481 sponged several miRNAs including miR‐646, miR‐570 and miR‐885. These miRNAs were all found to target the expression of EYA3 mRNA, which is involved in the onset of right ventricular hypertrophy. Therefore, it can be concluded that the up‐regulation of circRNA_0068481 can predict the diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Guo
- Ultrasonography Department, Weinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weinan, China
| | - Zi-Peng Liu
- UItrasonic Diagnosis Department, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
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43
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Karolak JA, Gambin T, Szafranski P, Stankiewicz P. Potential interactions between the TBX4-FGF10 and SHH-FOXF1 signaling during human lung development revealed using ChIP-seq. Respir Res 2021; 22:26. [PMID: 33478486 PMCID: PMC7818749 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The epithelial-mesenchymal signaling involving SHH-FOXF1, TBX4-FGF10, and TBX2 pathways is an essential transcriptional network operating during early lung organogenesis. However, precise regulatory interactions between different genes and proteins in this pathway are incompletely understood. Methods To identify TBX2 and TBX4 genome-wide binding sites, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) in human fetal lung fibroblasts IMR-90. Results We identified 14,322 and 1,862 sites strongly-enriched for binding of TBX2 and TBX4, respectively, 43.95% and 18.79% of which are located in the gene promoter regions. Gene Ontology, pathway enrichment, and DNA binding motif analyses revealed a number of overrepresented cues and transcription factor binding motifs relevant for lung branching that can be transcriptionally regulated by TBX2 and/or TBX4. In addition, TBX2 and TBX4 binding sites were found enriched around and within FOXF1 and its antisense long noncoding RNA FENDRR, indicating that the TBX4-FGF10 cascade may directly interact with the SHH-FOXF1 signaling. Conclusions We highlight the complexity of transcriptional network driven by TBX2 and TBX4 and show that disruption of this crosstalk during morphogenesis can play a substantial role in etiology of lung developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna A Karolak
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Rm ABBR-R809, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gambin
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Rm ABBR-R809, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Institute of Computer Science, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Szafranski
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Rm ABBR-R809, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Paweł Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Rm ABBR-R809, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Li L, Xu M, Rowan SC, Howell K, Russell-Hallinan A, Donnelly SC, McLoughlin P, Baugh JA. The effects of genetic deletion of Macrophage migration inhibitory factor on the chronically hypoxic pulmonary circulation. Pulm Circ 2021; 10:2045894020941352. [PMID: 33447370 PMCID: PMC7780187 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020941352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is well established that the haemodynamic cause of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is increased pulmonary vascular resistance, the molecular pathogenesis of the increased resistance remains incompletely understood. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a pleiotropic cytokine with endogenous tautomerase enzymatic activity as well as both intracellular and extracellular signalling functions. In several diseases, macrophage migration inhibitory factor has pro-inflammatory roles that are dependent upon signalling through the cell surface receptors CD74, CXCR2 and CXCR4. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor expression is increased in animal models of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and macrophage migration inhibitory factor tautomerase inhibitors, which block some of the functions of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and have been shown to attenuate hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in mice and monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. However, because of the multiple pathways through which it acts, the integrated actions of macrophage migration inhibitory factor during the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension were unclear. We report here that isolated lungs from adult macrophage migration inhibitory factor knockout (MIF-/- ) mice maintained in normoxic conditions showed greater acute hypoxic vasoconstriction than the lungs of wild type mice (MIF+/+ ). Following exposure to hypoxia for three weeks, isolated lungs from MIF-/- mice had significantly higher pulmonary vascular resistance than those from MIF+/+ mice. The major mechanism underlying the greater increase in pulmonary vascular resistance in the hypoxic MIF-/- mice was reduction of the pulmonary vascular bed due to an impairment of the normal hypoxia-induced expansion of the alveolar capillary network. Taken together, these results demonstrate that macrophage migration inhibitory factor plays a central role in the development of the pulmonary vascular responses to chronic alveolar hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maojia Xu
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon C Rowan
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katherine Howell
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adam Russell-Hallinan
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamas C Donnelly
- Department of Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul McLoughlin
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John A Baugh
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Yang Q, Hou C, Yang K, Wang J, Chen Y. Response to Michiel Alexander de Raaf et al. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:475-476. [PMID: 33442030 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-00605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China.,Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Differences between common endothelial cell models (primary human aortic endothelial cells and EA.hy926 cells) revealed through transcriptomics, bioinformatics, and functional analysis. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Winter MP, Sharma S, Altmann J, Seidl V, Panzenböck A, Alimohammadi A, Zelniker T, Redwan B, Nagel F, Santer D, Stieglbauer A, Podesser B, Sibilia M, Helbich T, Prager G, Ilhan-Mutlu A, Preusser M, Lang IM. Interruption of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling induces a proliferative pulmonary vasculopathy and pulmonary hypertension. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:58. [PMID: 32880713 PMCID: PMC7471204 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-0811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a severe and progressive disease characterized by a pulmonary vascular remodeling process with expansion of collateral endothelial cells and total vessel occlusion. Endothelial cells are believed to be at the forefront of the disease process. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its tyrosine kinase receptor, VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), play a central role in angiogenesis, endothelial cell protection, but also in the destabilization of endothelial barrier function. Therefore, we investigated the consequences of altered VEGF signaling in an experimental model, and looked for translational correlates of this observation in patients. We performed an endothelial cell-specific conditional deletion of the kinase insert domain protein receptor (kdr) gene, coding for VEGFR-2, in C57/BL6 mice (Kdr∆end) and held them in an environmental chamber with 10% FiO2 or under normoxia for 6 weeks. Kdr knockout led to a mild PH phenotype under normoxia that worsened under hypoxia. Kdr∆end mice exhibited a significant increase in pulmonary arterial wall thickness, muscularization, and VEGFR-3+ endothelial cells obliterating the pulmonary artery vessel lumen. We observed the same proliferative vasculopathy in our rodent model as seen in patients receiving anti-angiogenic therapy. Serum VEGF-a levels were elevated both in the experimental model and in humans receiving bevacizumab. Interrupted VEGF signaling leads to a pulmonary proliferative arteriopathy in rodents after direct ablative gene manipulation of Kdr. Histologically, similar vascular lesions can be observed in patients receiving anti-VEGF treatment. Our findings illustrate the importance of VEGF signaling for maintenance of pulmonary vascular patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max-Paul Winter
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Smriti Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Altmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Seidl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Panzenböck
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arman Alimohammadi
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Zelniker
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bassam Redwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Nagel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Center of Biomedical Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Santer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Center of Biomedical Research, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bruno Podesser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Center of Biomedical Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Department of Medicine I, Institute for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Helbich
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Prager
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aysegül Ilhan-Mutlu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene M Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Braga CL, Felix NS, Teixeira DE, Vieira JB, Silva-Aguiar RP, Bose RM, Antunes MA, Rocha NDN, Caruso-Neves C, Cruz FF, Rocco PRM, Silva PL. Niclosamide attenuates lung vascular remodeling in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887:173438. [PMID: 32795515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in medical therapy, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains an inexorably progressive and highly lethal disease. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 is one of the main intracellular transcription factors implicated in PAH vascular remodeling. We hypothesized that niclosamide, a STAT3 inhibitor, would reduce vascular remodeling in an established pulmonary arterial hypertension model, thus enhancing cardiac function. Male Wistar rats were treated either with monocrotaline (60 mg/kg), to induce PAH, or saline (C group) by intraperitoneal injection. On day 14, PAH animals were randomly assigned to receive oral (1) saline (PAH-SAL); (2) niclosamide (75 mg/kg/day) (PAH-NICLO); (3) sildenafil (20 mg/kg/day) (PAH-SIL); or (4) niclosamide + sildenafil (PAH-NICLO + SIL), once daily for 14 days. On day 28, right ventricular systolic pressure was lower in all treated groups compared to PAH-SAL. Pulmonary vascular collagen content was lower in PAH-NICLO (37 ± 3%) and PAH-NICLO + SIL (37 ± 6%) compared to PAH-SAL (68 ± 4%), but not in PAH-SIL (52 ± 1%). CD-34, an endothelial cell marker, was higher, while vimentin, a mesenchymal cell marker, was lower in PAH-NICLO and PAH-NICLO + SIL compared to PAH-SAL, suggesting attenuation of endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Expression of STAT3 downstream targets such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1, and provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM-1) in lung tissue was reduced in PAH-NICLO and PAH-NICLO + SIL compared to PAH-SAL. In conclusion, niclosamide, with or without sildenafil, mitigated vascular remodeling and improved right ventricle systolic pressure. This new role for a well-established drug may represent a promising therapy for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Douglas Esteves Teixeira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Pacheco Silva-Aguiar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nazareth de Novaes Rocha
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Khandagale A, Åberg M, Wikström G, Bergström Lind S, Shevchenko G, Björklund E, Siegbahn A, Christersson C. Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Modulation of Pulmonary Endothelial Function and Angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2293-2309. [PMID: 32757648 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have the potential to act as intercellular communicators. The aims were to characterize circulating EVs in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and to explore whether these EVs contribute to endothelial activation and angiogenesis. Approach and Results: Patients with PAH (n=70) and healthy controls (HC; n=20) were included in this cross-sectional study. EVs were characterized and human pulmonary endothelial cells (hPAECs) were incubated with purified EVs. Endothelial cell activity and proangiogenic markers were analyzed. Tube formation analysis was performed for hPAECs, and the involvement of PSGL-1 (P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1) was evaluated. The numbers of CD62P+, CD144+, and CD235a EVs were higher in blood from PAH compared with HC. Thirteen proteins were differently expressed in PAH and HC EVs, where complement fragment C1q was the most significantly elevated protein (P=0.0009) in PAH EVs. Upon EVs-internalization in hPAECs, more PAH compared with HC EVs evaded lysosomes (P<0.01). As oppose to HC, PAH EVs stimulated hPAEC activation and induced transcription and translation of VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A; P<0.05) and FGF (fibroblast growth factor; P<0.005) which were released in the cell supernatant. These proangiogenic proteins were higher in patient with PAH plasma compered with HC. PAH EVs induced a complex network of angiotubes in vitro, which was abolished by inhibitory PSGL-1antibody. Anti-PSGL-1 also inhibited EV-induced endothelial cell activation and PAH EV dependent increase of VEGF-A. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PAH have higher levels of EVs harboring increased amounts of angiogenic proteins, which induce activation of hPAECs and in vitro angiogenesis. These effects were partly because of platelet-derived EVs evasion of lysosomes upon internalization within hPAEC and through possible involvement of P-selectin-PSGL-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Khandagale
- From the Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology and Clinical Chemistry (A.K.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Mikael Åberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry (M.Å., A.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Wikström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology and Internal Medicine (G.W.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Sara Bergström Lind
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Analytical Chemistry (S.B.L., G.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ganna Shevchenko
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Analytical Chemistry (S.B.L., G.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Erik Björklund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology (E.B., C.C.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry (M.Å., A.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden
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Xing J, Wang M, Hong J, Gao Y, Liu Y, Gu H, Dong J, Li L. TRPM7 channel inhibition exacerbates pulmonary arterial hypertension through MEK/ERK pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4050-4065. [PMID: 31219801 PMCID: PMC6629001 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an important mechanism of autonomous tumor suppression, while its consequence such as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) may drive tumorigenesis and age-related diseases. Therefore, controlling the cell fate optimally when encountering senescence stress is helpful for anti-cancer or anti-aging treatments. To identify genes essential for senescence establishment or maintenance, we carried out a CRISPR-based screen with a deliberately designed single-guide RNA (sgRNA) library. The library comprised of about 12,000 kinds of sgRNAs targeting 1378 senescence-associated genes selected by integrating the information of literature mining, protein-protein interaction network, and differential gene expression. We successfully detected a dozen gene deficiencies potentially causing senescence bypass, and their phenotypes were further validated with a high true positive rate. RNA-seq analysis showed distinct transcriptome patterns of these bypass cells. Interestingly, in the bypass cells, the expression of SASP genes was maintained or elevated with CHEK2, HAS1, or MDK deficiency; but neutralized with MTOR, CRISPLD2, or MORF4L1 deficiency. Pathways of some age-related neurodegenerative disorders were also downregulated with MTOR, CRISPLD2, or MORF4L1 deficiency. The results demonstrated that disturbing these genes could lead to distinct cell fates as a consequence of senescence bypass, suggesting that they may play essential roles in cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Xing
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Hong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yueqiao Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuzhou Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Heping Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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