1
|
Li J, Chen D, Suo J, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Deng Z, Zhang Q, Ma B. Triptolide induced spermatogenesis dysfunction via ferroptosis activation by promoting K63-linked GPX4 polyubiquitination in spermatocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 399:111130. [PMID: 38960301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) is a major bioactive compound derived from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. (TwHF) known for its medicinal properties, but it also exhibits potential toxic effects. It has been demonstrated to induce severe male reproductive toxicity, yet the precise mechanism behind this remains unclear, which limits its broad clinical application. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying testicular damage and spermatogenesis dysfunction induced by TP in mice, using both mouse models and the spermatocyte-derived cell line GC-2spd. In the present study, it was found that TP displayed significant testicular microstructure damaged and spermatogenesis defects including lower concentration and abnormal morphology by promoting ROS formation, MDA production and restraining GSH level, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression in vivo. Furthermore, Ferrostatin-1 (FER-1), a ferroptosis inhibitor, was found to significantly reduce the accumulation of lipid peroxidation, alleviate testicular microstructural damage, and enhance spermatogenic function in mice. Besides, notably decreased cell viability, collapsed mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevated DNA damage were observed in vitro. The above-mentioned phenomenon could be reversed by pre-treatment of FER-1, indicating that ferroptosis participated in the TP-mediated spermatogenesis dysfunction. Mechanistically, TP could enhance GPX4 ubiquitin degradation via triggering K63-linked polyubiquitination of GPX4, thereby stimulating ferroptosis in spermatocytes. Functionally, GPX4 deletion intensified ferroptosis and exacerbated DNA damage in GC-2 cells, while GPX4 overexpression mitigated ferroptosis induced by TP. Overall, these findings for the first time indicated a vital role of ferroptosis in TP induced-testicular injury and spermatogenic dysfunction through promoting GPX4 K63-linked polyubiquitination, which hopefully offers a potential therapeutic avenue for TP-related male reproductive damage. In addition, this study also provides a theoretical foundation for the improved clinical application of TP or TwHF in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialiang Suo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhewen Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun R, Dai J, Ling M, Yu L, Yu Z, Tang L. Delivery of triptolide: a combination of traditional Chinese medicine and nanomedicine. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:194. [PMID: 35443712 PMCID: PMC9020428 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a natural product with various biological activities, triptolide (TP) has been reported in anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-autoimmune studies. However, the narrow therapeutic window, poor water solubility, and fast metabolism limit its wide clinical application. To reduce its adverse effects and enhance its efficacy, research and design of targeted drug delivery systems (TDDS) based on nanomaterials is one of the most viable strategies at present. This review summarizes the reports and studies of TDDS combined with TP in recent years, including passive and active targeting of drug delivery systems, and specific delivery system strategies such as polymeric micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, and stimulus-responsive polymer nanoparticles. The reviewed literature presented herein indicates that TDDS is a multifunctional and efficient method for the delivery of TP. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of TDDS are sorted out, aiming to provide reference for the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and advanced nano drug delivery systems (NDDS) in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jingyue Dai
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mingjian Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Longguang Tang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, 525200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren Q, Li M, Deng Y, Lu A, Lu J. Triptolide delivery: Nanotechnology-based carrier systems to enhance efficacy and limit toxicity. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105377. [PMID: 33484817 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) possesses a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities involved in the treatment of various diseases. However, widespread usages of TP raise the urgent issues of the severe toxicity, which hugely limits its further clinical application. The novel functional nanostructured delivery system, which is of great significance in enhancing the efficacy, reducing side effects and improving bioavailability, could improve the enrichment, penetration and controlled release of drugs in the lesion location. Over the past decades, considerable efforts have been dedicated to designing and developing a variety of TP delivery systems with the intention of alleviating the adverse toxicity effects and enhancing the bioavailability. In this review, we briefly summarized and discussed the recent functionalized nano-TP delivery systems for the momentous purpose of guiding further development of novel TP delivery systems and providing perspectives for future clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, 518000, China; Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Meimei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, 518000, China; Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, 518000, China; Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng H, Zhu X, Tian Q, Yan Y, Zhang L, Yan M, Li R, Li X, Wang G, Ma J, Su Y, Zhang X, Ma L, Zhang Z, Wu X. In vivo antitumor effects of carboxymethyl chitosan-conjugated triptolide after oral administration. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:848-854. [PMID: 32508161 PMCID: PMC8216443 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1770370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy and subacute toxicity of triptolide (TP) prodrug, a conjugate between TP and carboxymethyl chitosan (CC). The CCTP conjugate contained 4∼ wt % TP and displayed excellent aqueous solubility (5 mg/mL) as compared to the native TP (17 μg/mL). In vitro cytotoxicity of CCTP conjugate was evaluated by CCK8 assay against human pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines, showing comparable the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values to the parent TP. In a mouse model of PC (BxPC-3), the CCTP conjugate administered orally (at dose levels as low as 0.2 mg TP equivalent/kg) showed comparable efficacy in reducing or eliminating xenograft tumor to the same dose of TP, but exhibited much lower subacute toxicity as seen in body weight loss and hematological toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huahui Zeng
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qikang Tian
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinyin Yan
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Yan
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiqin Li
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinlian Ma
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufang Su
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangbo Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linyu Ma
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangxiang Wu
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang G, Yuan K, Zhu Q, Zhang S, Lu Q, Zhu M, Sheng H, Yu R, Luo G, Xu A. Triptolide inhibits the inflammatory activities of neutrophils to ameliorate chronic arthritis. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:210-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
6
|
Fan D, Guo Q, Shen J, Zheng K, Lu C, Zhang G, Lu A, He X. The Effect of Triptolide in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Basic Research towards Clinical Translation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020376. [PMID: 29373547 PMCID: PMC5855598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TP), a major extract of the herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), has been shown to exert potent pharmacological effects, especially an immunosuppressive effect in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, its multiorgan toxicity prevents it from being widely used in clinical practice. Recently, several attempts are being performed to reduce TP toxicity. In this review, recent progress in the use of TP for RA, including its pharmacological effects and toxicity, is summarized. Meanwhile, strategies relying on chemical structural modifications, innovative delivery systems, and drug combinations to alleviate the disadvantages of TP are also reviewed. Furthermore, we also discuss the challenges and perspectives in their clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danping Fan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Qingqing Guo
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Jiawen Shen
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Kang Zheng
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tai T, Huang X, Su Y, Ji J, Su Y, Jiang Z, Zhang L. Glycyrrhizin accelerates the metabolism of triptolide through induction of CYP3A in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 152:358-363. [PMID: 24486211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Triptolide (TP), a major active component of Tripterygium wilfordii, possesses various pharmacological activities with narrow therapeutic window and severe toxicities. Glycyrrhizin (GL), the principal bioactive ingredient of licorice root extract, has been reported to be concomitantly administered with TP in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with the aim of potentiated efficacy and reduced toxicity. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of GL on the pharmacokinetic profiles of TP and related mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male and female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: Control group and GL group (pretreated with GL at 100 mg/kg/day for seven consecutive days). After oral administration of TP at a single dose of 450 μg/kg, plasma concentrations of TP were determined using HPLC-MS/MS and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis using Phoenix WinNonlin 6.3 software. Since CYP3A is the primary isoform of cytochrome P450s responsible for the metabolism of TP, we further determined to what extent ketoconazole (KCZ), a potent CYP3A inhibitor, could influence the effect of GL on the pharmacokinetics of TP by comparing the pharmacokinetic profiles of TP in GL group (pretreated with GL) and GL+KCZ group (pretreated with both GL and KCZ), as well as verified whether pretreatment of GL could induce the activity of hepatic CYP3A by comparing the AUC parameters after intravenous administration of midazolam (MDZ), a typical probe drug for CYP3A, in rats pretreated with vehicle or GL. RESULTS Our study revealed marked differences in pharmacokinetic profiling patterns of TP between male and female rats in the Control group; the plasma level of TP in males was far lower than that in females. After pretreatment with GL, the pharmacokinetic profiles of TP were significantly altered in both male and female rats; a remarkable decrease was found in the value of AUC∞, MRT∞ and t1/2 in the GL group, compared with the Control group. But such a decrease was reversed by KCZ; compared with the GL group, the values of AUC∞, MRT∞ and t1/2 were significantly increased in the GL+KCZ group. Pretreatment with GL notably increased the AUC∞ of 1׳-hydroxymidazolam (OH-MDZ) and the ratio of AUC∞ of OH-MDZ to MDZ, demonstrating induction of the activity of CYP3A by GL. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with GL significantly accelerates the metabolic elimination of TP from the body mainly through induction of hepatic CYP3A activity. These results may help explain why toxicity of TP may be attenuated with concomitant use of GL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tai
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Chang Le Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuwen Su
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jinzi Ji
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yijing Su
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang C, Peng F, Liu W, Wan J, Wan C, Xu H, Lam CW, Yang X. Nanostructured lipid carriers as a novel oral delivery system for triptolide: induced changes in pharmacokinetics profile associated with reduced toxicity in male rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1049-63. [PMID: 24591827 PMCID: PMC3934590 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s55144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
After oral administration in rodents, triptolide (TP), a diterpenoid triepoxide compound, active as anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-fertility, anti-cystogenesis, and anticancer agent, is rapidly absorbed into the blood circulation (from 5.0 to 19.5 minutes after dosing, depending on the rodent species) followed by a short elimination half-life (from about 20 minutes to less than 1 hour). Such significant and rapid fluctuations of TP in plasma likely contribute to its toxicity, which is characterized by injury to hepatic, renal, digestive, reproductive, and hematological systems. With the aim of prolonging drug release and improving its safety, TP-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (TP-NLCs), composed of Compritol® 888 ATO (solid lipid) and Capryol™ 90 (liquid lipid), were developed using a microemulsion technique. The formulated TP-NLCs were also characterized and in vitro release was evaluated using the dialysis bag diffusion technique. In addition, the pharmacokinetics and toxicology profiles of TP-NLCs were compared to free TP and TP-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TP-SLNs; containing Compritol 888 ATO only). Results demonstrate that TP-NLCs had mean particle size of 231.8 nm, increased drug encapsulation with a 71.6% efficiency, and stable drug incorporation for over 1-month. TP-NLCs manifested a better in vitro sustained-release pattern compared to TP-SLNs. Furthermore, TP-NLCs prolonged mean residence time (MRT)0–t (P<0.001, P<0.001), delayed Tmax (P<0.01, P<0.05) and decreased Cmax (P<0.01, P<0.05) compared to free TP and TP-SLNs, respectively, which was associated with reduced subacute toxicity in male rats. In conclusion, our data suggest that TP-NLCs are superior to TP-SLNs and could be a promising oral delivery system for a safer use of TP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Fan Peng
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Wei Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Jiangling Wan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Chunxi Wan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Huibi Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan ; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Christopher Waikei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan ; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhuang XM, Liu PX, Zhang YJ, Li CK, Li Y, Wang J, Zhou L, Zhang ZQ. Simultaneous determination of triptolide and its prodrug MC002 in dog blood by LC-MS/MS and its application in pharmacokinetic studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:131-7. [PMID: 23994469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tripterygium wilfordii HOOK F (TWHF) is a traditional Chinese medicine used in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases and inflammatory disorders including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and skin diseases. Triptolide (TP) is one of the main active ingredients of this traditional Chinese medicine. MC002 is a novel semi-synthetic derivate of TP which is highly water soluble, acts as a prodrug and is converted to TP in vivo. AIM OF THIS STUDY A sensitive, rapid method for the simultaneous determination of TP and its chemo-unstable prodrug MC002 in dog blood was developed and validated using electrospray ionization (ESI) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using this method, a pharmacokinetic study of MC002 and TP following an intravenous drip infusion of 0.2mg/kg MC002 in dogs was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemo-degradation of the prodrug in blood samples was inhibited by the addition of a small amount of sodium fluoride solution before using liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. The concentrations of MC002 and TP in dog blood were determined using the LC-MS/MS method. RESULTS The quantitative method showed good precision and stability and is suitable for the assay of biological samples. The pharmacokinetic study showed that the elimination of MC002 was faster than that of TP, and the concentrations and AUC0-t values of TP were higher than MC002. MC002 can rapidly convert to TP in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This validated method was successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic study of MC002 following an intravenous drip infusion in dogs. With the development of this new prodrug of TP as a promising anti-cancer drug, this method is suitable for its further analysis in clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Zhuang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xue M, Jiang ZZ, Wu T, Li J, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Li XJ, Zhang LY, Yang SY. Anti-inflammatory effects and hepatotoxicity of Tripterygium-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:998-1006. [PMID: 22884304 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. (TWHF) has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive effects and its clinical use was restricted to some extent due to some toxic effects on the digestive, urogenital, and blood circulatory systems, especially the male reproductive system. In the previous study, we had confirmed that TWHF-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have protective effects on male reproductive toxicity in rats. Anti-inflammatory effects and hepatotoxicity of TWHF-SLN remain to be unidentified. The present study was focused on the anti-inflammatory effect of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats treated with TWHF-SLN as well as the effects of SLN delivery system on decreasing the hepatotoxicity induced by tripterygium. Sixty-four healthy male rats were randomly divided into eight groups with eight rats each. From day 18 after FCA injection, TWHF-SLN group (120, 60, 30 mg/kg) and TWHF group (120, 60, 30 mg/kg) were administered by oral gavage for 24 consecutive days. The control group was with saline and model control group was without any treatment. The volume of the right hind paws was evaluated at 0, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 days post-injection of FCA by a home-made connected device. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total bilirubin (TBIL) and albumin (ALB) levels were evaluated by an autoanalyzer. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) malondialdehyde (MDA) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) levels were determined using commercial kits. The PG level in sera was examined by double antibody sandwich method. Tissue histopathology was evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The results show that TWHF-SLN can significantly reduce rat paw volume at 60 mg/kg (p<0.05) and PG levels in serum (p<0.05); the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT in serum and MDA, XOD, GSH-PX in liver were not significantly elevated. Histopathology observation found that free TWHF caused more serious damage to the liver than TWHF-SLN. These results revealed that SLN delivery system can enhance the anti-inflammatory activity of TWHF, and meanwhile has a protective effect against TWHF-induced hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xue
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24, Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Following dynamic biological processes through NMR-based metabonomics: A new tool in nanomedicine? J Control Release 2011; 153:34-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
12
|
Wang ZY, Luo YF, Ye RR, Song XM. Synthesis of novel biodegradable material poly(lactic acid-trimesic acid) via direct melt copolycondensation and its characterization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-010-9442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|