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Charkhesht V, Yarar Kaplan B, Alkan Gürsel S, Yürüm A. Electrospun Nanotubular Titania and Polymeric Interfaces for High Energy Density Li-Ion Electrodes. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2023; 37:6197-6207. [PMID: 37114941 PMCID: PMC10123667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, for the first time, electrospinning of nanotubular structures was developed for Li-ion battery high energy density applications. For this purpose, titania-based nanotubular materials were synthesized and characterized. Before electrospinning with PVDF to obtain a self-standing electrode, the nanotubes were modified to obtain the best charge-transferring structure. In the current study, for the first time, the effects of various thermal treatment temperatures and durations under an Ar-controlled atmosphere were investigated for Li+ diffusion. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammograms, and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique showed that the fastest charge transfer kinetics belongs to the sample treated for 10 h. After optimization of electrospinning parameters, a fully nanotube-embedded fibrous structure was achieved and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The obtained flexible electrode was pressed at ambient and 80 °C to improve the fiber volume fraction. Finally, the galvanostatic charge/discharge tests for the electrospun electrode after 100 cycles illustrated that the hot-pressed sample showed the highest capacity. The polymeric network enabled the omission of metallic current collectors, thus increasing the energy density by 14%. The results of electrospun electrodes offer a promising structure for future high-energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Charkhesht
- Faculty
of Natural Science and Engineering, Sabanci
University, 34956 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Begüm Yarar Kaplan
- Sabanci
University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selmiye Alkan Gürsel
- Faculty
of Natural Science and Engineering, Sabanci
University, 34956 İstanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alp Yürüm
- Faculty
of Natural Science and Engineering, Sabanci
University, 34956 İstanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Emran KM, Alanazi HE. Fabrication and Characterization of Lanthanide-TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotube Composites. OPEN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2023; 13:13-28. [DOI: 10.4236/ojpc.2023.132002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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3
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Adeleye AT, John KI, Ighalo JO, Ogunniyi S, Adeyanju CA, Adeniyi AG, Elawad M, Omorogie MO. Photocatalytic remediation of methylene blue using hydrothermally synthesized H-Titania and Na-Titania nanotubes. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12610. [PMID: 36593848 PMCID: PMC9803790 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nanotube is among the most effective morphology of Titania due to its unilateral pathway for photo-generated charge transfer and mechanical stability, its performance is still hampered by high recombination. In the present study, to further improve the photocatalytic degradation performance of Titania, univalent elements of H and Na were respectively ion-exchanged into the Titania nanotubes (TNTs). The photocatalyst was characterized using XRD, TEM, ICP-AES, and FTIR. The modified samples displayed enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance over Degussa TiO2 under UV-A light illumination of MB. The rate constants of NaTNT and HTNT were 16 and 13 times that of Degussa TiO2. Specifically, the Na-TNTs showed better photocatalytic degradation activity than H-TNTs with a rate constant of 0.12 min-1 while the latter showed 0.09 min-1. The optimum adsorption and photocatalytic performance of NaTNT were determined at pH 6 achieving about 99% MB removal within 10 min of irradiation. The ion exchange NaTNT displayed excellent reusability after the fifth cycle of the photocatalytic tests and superoxide radicals were experimentally determined to be the main reactive oxygen species involved in the photocatalytic degradation of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderemi Timothy Adeleye
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia,Organization of African Academic Doctor (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P. O. Box 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kingsley Igenepo John
- Organization of African Academic Doctor (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P. O. Box 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya,College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Veritas University, P.M.B. 5171, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Joshua O. Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria,Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Ogunniyi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Adewale George Adeniyi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Elawad
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Yibin University, 64400, Yibin, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Martins O. Omorogie
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 230, Ede, 232101, Nigeria,Environmental Science and Technology Unit, African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer’s University, P.M.B. 230, Ede, 232101, Nigeria,Corresponding author.
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Zaki AH, Motagaly ATA, Khaled R, Lee MJ, Farghali AA, Shehata N. Economic and facile approach for synthesis of graphene-titanate nanocomposite for water reclamation. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 250:104052. [PMID: 35908294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and its composites with semiconductor materials have been received highly attention in many research areas because of their unique properties. Efficient application of graphene is hindered by the lack of cost-effective synthesis methods. In this work, an economic and facile route for mass production of graphene-titanate nanocomposite has been discussed. Graphene was prepared by exfoliation of graphite powder in 40% ethanol aqueous solution. Titanate nanotubes were grown on graphene sheets by hydrothermal method, where the dispersed graphene sheets were mixed with titanate solution and then placed in autoclave and placed in oven for 16 h at 160 °C. The prepared composite was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). All the obtained results confirmed the synthesis of graphene and its composite with titanate in highly uniform and pure form. The adsorption efficiency of the prepared composite was tested using methylene blue (MB) as a model dye. The adsorption isotherm was investigated using Freundlich and Langmuir models. The adsorption capacity of MB was 270.27 mg/g. The obtained correlation coefficients (R2) by Freundlich and Langmuir model were 0.996 and 0.973, respectively. The adsorption kinetics was investigated and discussed using different models. The thermal stability of the developed composite is improved after MB adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Zaki
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Dept., Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Egypt; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Road, Section 4, Taipei 106-07, Taiwan.
| | - A T Abdel Motagaly
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Dept., Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Rehab Khaled
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ming-Jer Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Road, Section 4, Taipei 106-07, Taiwan
| | - A A Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Dept., Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Nabila Shehata
- Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
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Mohammed S, Shajeelammal J, Asok A, Shukla S. Autoclave and pulsed ultrasound cavitation based thermal activation of persulfate for regeneration of hydrogen titanate nanotubes as recyclable dye adsorbent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:63304-63320. [PMID: 35449338 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the dye removal application, regeneration of hydrogen titanate nanotubes (HTN, H2Ti3O7) has been achieved via thermal activation of persulfate anion (PS, S2O82-) by using the conventional hot plate technique which has limitations from the commercial perspective since it does not provide any precise control over the thermal generation process typically during the scale-up operation. To overcome this drawback, HTN have been synthesized via hydrothermal process which exhibit the methylene blue (MB) adsorption of 93% at the initial dye concentration and solution pH of 90 µM and 10 respectively. HTN have been regenerated via the thermal activation of PS by varying its initial concentration and regeneration temperature, within the range of 0.27-1 wt% and 40-80 °C, under the thermal conditions set by the autoclave and pulsed ultrasound (US) cavitation process. The results of recycling experiments suggest that the optimum values of initial PS concentration and temperature, for the regeneration of HTN under the autoclave conditions, are 1 wt% and 70 °C with the maximum MB adsorption of 92%, while, the corresponding values for the pulsed US cavitation process are 1 wt%, 80 °C, and 91% respectively. Thus, the regeneration and recycling of HTN have been successfully demonstrated by using the autoclave and pulsed US cavitation process. Under the optimum conditions, MB degradation involves the generation and attack of SO4•- for both the thermal generation techniques. The regeneration techniques developed here may be utilized in future during the scale-up operation and also for the regeneration of adsorbents besides HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahansha Mohammed
- Functional Materials Section (FMS), Materials Science and Technology Division (MSTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Industrial Estate P. O., Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kochi, 682022, Kerala, India
| | - Jameelammal Shajeelammal
- Functional Materials Section (FMS), Materials Science and Technology Division (MSTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Industrial Estate P. O., Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Adersh Asok
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Photosciences and Photonics Section (PPS), Chemical Sciences and Technology Division (CSTD), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Satyajit Shukla
- Functional Materials Section (FMS), Materials Science and Technology Division (MSTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Industrial Estate P. O., Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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6
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Emran KM, Alsahli RM. Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Generation using Sn loaded TiO2 Nanotubes. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2021; 16:21068. [DOI: 10.20964/2021.06.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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7
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Photocatalytic Performance Evaluation of Titanium Dioxide Nanotube-Reinforced Cement Paste. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13235423. [PMID: 33260575 PMCID: PMC7729800 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Considering the increase in research regarding environmental pollution reduction, the utilization of cementitious material, a commonly used construction material, in photocatalysts has become a desirable research field for the widespread application of photocatalytic degradation technology. Nano-reinforcement technology for cementitious materials has been extensively researched and developed. In this work, as a new and promising reinforcing agent for cementitious materials, the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) was investigated. The degradation of methylene blue was used to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of the TNT-reinforced cement paste. In addition, cement paste containing micro-TiO2 (m-TiO2) and nano-TiO2 (n-TiO2) particles were used for comparison. Moreover, the effect of these TiO2-based photocatalytic materials on the cement hydration products was monitored via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The results indicated that all the TiO2 based materials promoted the formation of hydration products. After 28 days of curing, the TNT-reinforced cement paste contained the maximum amount of hydration products (Ca(OH)2). Furthermore, the cement paste containing TNT exhibited better photocatalytic effects than that containing n-TiO2, but worse than that containing m-TiO2.
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Liu J, Liu J, Attarilar S, Wang C, Tamaddon M, Yang C, Xie K, Yao J, Wang L, Liu C, Tang Y. Nano-Modified Titanium Implant Materials: A Way Toward Improved Antibacterial Properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:576969. [PMID: 33330415 PMCID: PMC7719827 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.576969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys have superb biocompatibility, low elastic modulus, and favorable corrosion resistance. These exceptional properties lead to its wide use as a medical implant material. Titanium itself does not have antibacterial properties, so bacteria can gather and adhere to its surface resulting in infection issues. The infection is among the main reasons for implant failure in orthopedic surgeries. Nano-modification, as one of the good options, has the potential to induce different degrees of antibacterial effect on the surface of implant materials. At the same time, the nano-modification procedure and the produced nanostructures should not adversely affect the osteogenic activity, and it should simultaneously lead to favorable antibacterial properties on the surface of the implant. This article scrutinizes and deals with the surface nano-modification of titanium implant materials from three aspects: nanostructures formation procedures, nanomaterials loading, and nano-morphology. In this regard, the research progress on the antibacterial properties of various surface nano-modification of titanium implant materials and the related procedures are introduced, and the new trends will be discussed in order to improve the related materials and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Shokouh Attarilar
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Wang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Maryam Tamaddon
- Institute of Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery & Orthopaedic Science, University College London, The Royal National National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Chengliang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Kegong Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jinguang Yao
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery & Orthopaedic Science, University College London, The Royal National National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Yujin Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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Facile Formation of Anatase Nanoparticles on H-Titanate Nanotubes at Low Temperature for Efficient Visible Light-Driven Degradation of Organic Pollutants. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anatase nanoparticles (5–10 nm) generated on H-titanate nanotube surface (H-titanate/anatase) were prepared by an ingenious and simple method. H-titanate tubes were prepared by a hydrothermal reaction of Ti powder in concentrated NaOH solution and an ion exchange process with HNO3 solution. After that, at a relatively low drying temperature (100 °C), a small quantity of anatase nanoparticles were in-situ formed on the H-titanate tubes surface by a surface dehydration reaction. In-situ transformation can form a strong interface coupling between H-titanate and anatase, which is conducive to accelerating charge transfer and improving its photocatalytic activity. In addition, the smaller average crystal size, the large specific surface areas (BET), the nanotubed and layered structure and the synergistic effect of dual phases would be beneficial to improving the photocatalytic efficiency.
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Synthesis of stable TiO 2 nanotubes: effect of hydrothermal treatment, acid washing and annealing temperature. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00456. [PMID: 29264415 PMCID: PMC5727554 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Effect of hydrothermal treatment, acid washing and annealing temperature on the structure and morphology of TiO2 nanotubes during the formation process was assessed. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis were conducted to describe the formation and characterization of the structure and morphology of nanotubes. Hydrothermal treatment of TiO2 precursor nanoparticles and acid washing are fundamental to form and define the nanotubes structure. Hydrothermal treatment causes a change in the crystallinity of the precursor nanoparticles from anatase phase to a monoclinic phase, which characterizes the TiO2 nanosheets structure. The acid washing promotes the formation of high purity nanotubes due to Na+ is exchanged from the titanate structure to the hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. The annealing temperature affects the dimensions, structure and the morphology of the nanotubes. Annealing temperatures in the range of 400 °C and 600 °C are optimum to maintain a highly stable tubular morphology of nanotubes. Additionally, nanotubes conserve the physicochemical properties of the precursor Degussa P25 nanoparticles. Temperatures greater than 600 °C alter the morphology of nanotubes from tubular to an irregular structure of nanoparticles, which are bigger than those of the precursor material, i.e., the crystallinity turn from anatase phase to rutile phase inducing the collapse of the nanotubes.
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Harsha N, Krishna KVS, Renuka NK, Shukla S. Facile synthesis of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles integrated H2Ti3O7 nanotubes structure as a magnetically recyclable dye-removal catalyst. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03722k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanocomposites (γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles incorporated in H2Ti3O7 nanotubes) have been synthesized via an ion-exchange mechanism and their dye-adsorption capacity has been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayani Harsha
- Functional Materials Section (FMS)
- Materials Science and Technology Division (MSTD)
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST)
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
| | - K. V. Swathi Krishna
- Functional Materials Section (FMS)
- Materials Science and Technology Division (MSTD)
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST)
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
| | | | - Satyajit Shukla
- Functional Materials Section (FMS)
- Materials Science and Technology Division (MSTD)
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST)
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
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Sano N, Matsuoka S, Tamon H. Purification of titanate nanotubes using a mesh-stacked dielectrophoretic separator equipped with carbon nanotube electrodes. Chem Eng Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hareesh P, Babitha KB, Shukla S. Processing fly ash stabilized hydrogen titanate nano-sheets for industrial dye-removal application. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 229-230:177-182. [PMID: 22717069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a new method for the processing of fly ash (FA) stabilized hydrogen titanate nano-sheets in the form of aggregated microspheres. The industrial silica-based FA has been utilized for this purpose which has been surface-modified by coating with the anatase-titania (TiO(2)) via sol-gel. The anatase-TiO(2) coated FA particles are subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in an autoclave under high temperature and pressure conditions in a highly alkaline solution. The hydrothermal conditions cause dissolution of silica resulting in the disintegration of other constituents of FA which are adsorbed in ionic and/or oxidized form on the surface of intermediate product of the hydrothermal treatment of anatase-TiO(2), specifically the hydrogen titanate. The adsorption of FA constituents has resulted in the stabilization of hydrogen titanate in the nano-sheet morphology instead of nanotubes. The FA stabilized hydrogen titanate nano-sheets exhibit higher specific surface-area than that of the hydrogen titanate nanotubes and have been successfully utilized for the removal of an organic synthetic-dye from an aqueous solution via surface-adsorption, involving the electrostatic-attraction and ion-exchange mechanisms operating, in the dark-condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hareesh
- Materials Science and Technology Division (MSTD), National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Industrial Estate P.O., Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
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