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Kalidasan K, Mallapur S, Munirathnam K, Nagarajaiah H, Reddy MBM, Kakarla RR, Raghu AV. Transition metals-doped g-C 3N 4 nanostructures as advanced photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141354. [PMID: 38311034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based heterostructured photocatalysts have received significant attention for its potential applications in the treatment of wastewater and hydrogen evolution. The utilization of semiconductor materials in heterogeneous photocatalysis has recently received great attention due to their potential and eco-friendly properties. Doping with metal ions plays a crucial role in altering the photochemical characteristics of g-C3N4, effectively enhancing photoabsorption into the visible range and thus improving the photocatalytic performance of doped photocatalysts. As an emerging nanomaterial, nanostructured g-C3N4 represents a visible light-active semiconducting photocatalyst that has attracted significant interest in the photocatalysis field, particularly for its practical water treatment applications. To the best of our knowledge, investigations of functionalized photocatalytic (PC) materials on 3d transition metal-doped g-C3N4 remain unexplored in the existing literature. g-C3N4 based heterohybrid photocatalysts have demonstrated excellent reusability, making them highly promising for wastewater treatment applications. This paper describes the overview of numerous studies conducted on the heterostructured g-C3N4 photocatalysts with various 3d metals. Research studies have revealed that the introduction of element doping with various 3d transition metals (e.g., Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, etc.) into g-C3N4 is an efficient approach to enhance degradation efficacy and boost photocatalytic activity (PCA) of doped g-C3N4 catalysts. Moreover, the significance of g-C3N4 heterostructured nanohybrids is highlighted, particularly in the context of wastewater treatment applications. The study concludes by providing insights into future perspectives in this developing area of research, with a specific focus on the degradation of various organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Kalidasan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Srinivas Mallapur
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India.
| | - K Munirathnam
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - H Nagarajaiah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - M B Madhusudana Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Anjanapura V Raghu
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, BLDE (Deemed-to-be University), Vijayapura, 586103, Karnataka, India.
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Das D, Das BK, Sarkar R, Mukherjee S, Chattopadhyay KK. Highly exfoliated graphitic carbon nitride for efficient removal of wastewater pollutants: Insights from DFT and statistical modelling. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 221:115263. [PMID: 36640940 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present work entails the synthesis of thermally modified graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) using a two-step thermal treatment procedure and its subsequent use in the photocatalytic reduction of toxic pollutants such as rhodamine B dye (RhB) and chromium (VI) (Cr(VI)) from aquatic environments. The as-synthesised exfoliated GCN (GCNX) is characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These characterisations helped to elucidate the phase formation, chemical structure, composition, surface area, optical properties, and morphology of the sample. With assistance from a visible light source, GCNX can degrade RhB dye within 30 min in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in under 2 h in the presence of formic acid (FA/HCOOH). Variations in different catalytic parameters, including catalyst amount, pH of the solution, initial RhB or Cr(VI) concentration, and variation in H2O2 or FA concentration, are performed to inspect their effects on the photodegradation activity of GCNX. Moreover, the GCNX catalyst exhibits impressive stability and reusability. A thorough statistical evaluation follows the response surface methodology to understand the complex interaction between the factors contributing to the catalytic activity. The band alignment of differently functionalised GCN blocks in their pristine form and their H2O2/FA-adsorbed states is investigated using first-principles calculations to provide a further understanding of the RhB and Cr(VI) reduction mechanisms. The modified GCN can thus be effectively employed as a low-cost material for removing contamination from aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Das
- School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Bikram Kumar Das
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Ratna Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Kalyan Kumar Chattopadhyay
- School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India; Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Gong X, Tang L, Zou J, Guo Z, Li Y, Lei J, Liu H, Liu M, Zhou L, Huang P, Ruan H, Lu Y, Zhu W, He R. Introduction of cation vacancies and iron doping into TiO 2 enabling efficient uranium photoreduction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:126935. [PMID: 34461545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) in wastewater by semiconductor photocatalysis has become a new highly efficient and low-cost method for U(VI) removal. However, due to the weak absorption of visible light led by wide band gap and low carrier utilization rate resulted from the severe electron-holes recombination, the photoreduction performance of U(VI) is limited. Herein, the Ti vacancies and doped Fe atoms were simultaneously introduced into TiO2 nanosheet (labeled as 4%Fe-Ti1-xO2) as a highly active and stable catalysis for U(VI) photoreduction. Without adding any hole sacrifice agent, 4%Fe-Ti1-xO2 nanosheets achieved 99.7% removal efficiency for U(VI) within 120 min. And the 92.1% removal efficiency of U(VI) via 4%Fe-Ti1-xO2 nanosheets was still maintained after 5 cycles. Moreover, 4%Fe-Ti1-xO2 exhibited dramatic removal rate, 81.6% U(VI) in the solution was removed in 10 min. Further study on the mechanism showed that simultaneously introducing the Ti vacancies and doped Fe atoms in 4%Fe-Ti1-xO2 nanosheets improved the visible light utilization and decreased the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, contributing to the highly efficiency removal of U(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Li Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Jie Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Zhenghong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Yongli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Jia Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Pengling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Haoming Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Yixin Lu
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu 611730, PR China
| | - Wenkun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China.
| | - Rong He
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, PR China.
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Shen S, Fu J, Yi J, Ma L, Sheng F, Li C, Wang T, Ning C, Wang H, Dong K, Wang ZL. High-Efficiency Wastewater Purification System Based on Coupled Photoelectric-Catalytic Action Provided by Triboelectric Nanogenerator. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:194. [PMID: 34519929 PMCID: PMC8440689 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
It is of great importance to explore a creative route to improve the degradation efficiency of organic pollutants in wastewater. Herein, we construct a unique hybrid system by combining self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with carbon dots-TiO2 sheets doped three-dimensional graphene oxide photocatalyst (3DGA@CDs-TNs), which can significantly enhance the degradation efficiency of brilliant green (BG) and direct blue 5B (DB) owing to the powerful interaction of TENG and 3DGA@CDs-TNs photocatalyst. The power output of TENG can be applied for wastewater purification directly, which exhibits a self-powered electrocatalytic technology. Furthermore, the results also verify that TENG can replace conventional electric catalyst to remove pollutants effectively from wastewater without any consumption. Subsequently, the unstable fragments and the plausible removal pathways of the two pollutants are proposed. Our work sheds light on the development of efficient and sustainable TENG/photocatalyst system, opening up new opportunities and possibilities for comprehensive utilization of random energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Shen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Textiles, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Fu
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Textiles, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyun Ma
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifan Sheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Ning
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Textiles, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Dong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA.
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