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Samanta D, Paul S, Paramanick A, Raval VR, Suheshkumar Singh M. High-resolution imaging of the whole eye with photoacoustic microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3443-3446. [PMID: 37390151 DOI: 10.1364/ol.487260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Observation and characterization of any changes in anatomical structures of ocular components remain as a conventional technique for diagnosis, staging, therapeutic treatments, and post-treatment monitoring of any ophthalmic disorders. The existing technologies fail to provide imaging of all of the various components of the eye simultaneously at one scanning time, i.e., one can recover vital patho-physiological information (structure and bio-molecular content) of the different ocular tissue sections only one after another. This article addresses the longstanding technological challenge by use of an emerging imaging modality [photoacoustic imaging (PAI)] in which we integrated a synthetic aperture reconstruction technique (SAFT). Experimental results-with experiments being conducted in excised tissues (goat eye)-demonstrated that we can simultaneously image the entire structure of the eye (∼2.5 cm) depicting clearly the distinctive ocular structures (cornea, aqueous humor, iris, pupil, eye lens, vitreous humor, and retina). This study uniquely opens an avenue for promising ophthalmic (clinical) applications of high clinical impact.
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Ghosh AK, Čėsna R, Neverauskas D, Žiniauskaitė A, Iqbal S, Eby JM, Ragauskas S, Kaja S. Dietary Alcohol Consumption Elicits Corneal Toxicity Through the Generation of Cellular Oxidative Stress. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2023; 39:303-316. [PMID: 37253141 PMCID: PMC10398733 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2022.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Clinical data suggest that alcohol use is associated with the development of signs and symptoms of dry eye disease. However, preclinical data investigating ocular toxicity after dietary alcohol consumption are lacking. In this study, we investigated the effects of alcohol on the ocular surface, in human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T) in vitro and in C57BL/6JRj mice in vivo. Methods: HCE-T were exposed to clinically relevant doses of ethanol. To determine the effects of dietary alcohol consumption in vivo, wild-type mice were administered the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet (5% vol/vol ethanol or isocaloric control) for 10 days ad libitum. Corneal fluorescein staining was performed to assess ocular surface damage. Histopathological and gene expression studies were performed on cornea and lacrimal gland tissue. Results: Sublethal doses of ethanol (0.01%-0.5%) resulted in a dose-dependent increase of cellular oxidative stress in corneal epithelial cells and a significant increase in NFE2L2 and downstream antioxidant gene expression, as well as an increase in NFκB signaling; short-term exposure (0.5%, 4 h) triggered significant corneal epithelial cell barrier breakdown. Exposure to the alcohol-containing diet caused a 3-fold increase in corneal fluorescein staining, with no effect on tear volumes. Corneal thickness was significantly reduced in the alcohol diet group, and corneal tissue revealed dysregulated antioxidant and NFκB signaling. Our data provide the first published evidence that alcohol exposure causes ocular toxicity in mice. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with clinical studies linking past alcohol consumption to signs of ocular surface disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K. Ghosh
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Research & Development Division, Experimentica Ltd., Forest Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Robertas Čėsna
- Research & Development Division, Experimentica Ltd., Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Donatas Neverauskas
- Research & Development Division, Experimentica Ltd., Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Žiniauskaitė
- Research & Development Division, Experimentica Ltd., Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sana Iqbal
- Graduate Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Eby
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Simon Kaja
- Research & Development Division, Experimentica Ltd., Forest Park, Illinois, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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Balera Brito VG, Patrocinio MS, Alves Barreto AE, Tfaile Frasnelli SC, Lara VS, Santos CF, Penha Oliveira SH. Telmisartan impairs the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells from spontaneously hypertensive male rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174609. [PMID: 34743978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Telmisartan (TELM) is an angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (Agtr1) antagonist, with partial agonism for Pparg, and has been shown to affect bone metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TELM in the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSC) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). BMSC were obtained from male SHR, and the osteogenic medium (OM) was added to the cells concomitantly with TELM (0.005, 0.05, and 0.5 μM). Undifferentiated BMSC, in control medium (CM), showed an increased viability, while the addition of OM reduced this parameter, and TELM did not show cytotoxicity in the concentrations used. BMSC in OM had an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity peak at d10, which decreased at d14 and d21, and TELM reduced ALP at d10 in a dose-dependent manner. Mineralization was observed in the OM at d14, which intensified at d21, but was inhibited by TELM. Agtr1b was increased in the OM, and TELM inhibited its expression. TELM reduced Opn, Ocn, and Bsp and increased Pparg expression, and at the higher concentration TELM also increased the expression of adipogenic markers, Fabp4 and Adipoq. In addition, TELM 0.5 μM increased Irs1 and Glut4, insulin and glucose metabolism markers, known to be regulated by Pparg and to be related to adipogenic phenotype. Our data shows that TELM inhibited the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of SHR BMSC, by favoring an adipogenic prone phenotype due to Pparg upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Gustavo Balera Brito
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sousa Patrocinio
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ayná Emanuelli Alves Barreto
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Department of Stomatology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ferreira Santos
- Department of Biological Science, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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4
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Escandon P, Vasini B, Whelchel AE, Nicholas SE, Matlock HG, Ma JX, Karamichos D. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in healthy and diseased eyes. Exp Eye Res 2021; 208:108617. [PMID: 34010603 PMCID: PMC8594540 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors that play essential roles in modulating cell differentiation, inflammation, and metabolism. Three subtypes of PPARs are known: PPAR-alpha (PPARα), PPAR-gamma (PPARγ), and PPAR-beta/delta (PPARβ/δ). PPARα activation reduces lipid levels and regulates energy homeostasis, activation of PPARγ results in regulation of adipogenesis, and PPARβ/δ activation increases fatty acid metabolism and lipolysis. PPARs are linked to various diseases, including but not limited to diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, glaucoma and atherosclerosis. In the past decade, numerous studies have assessed the functional properties of PPARs in the eye and key PPAR mechanisms have been discovered, particularly regarding the retina and cornea. PPARγ and PPARα are well established in their functions in ocular homeostasis regarding neuroprotection, neovascularization, and inflammation, whereas PPARβ/δ isoform function remains understudied. Naturally, studies on PPAR agonists and antagonists, associated with ocular pathology, have also gained traction with the development of PPAR synthetic ligands. Studies on PPARs has significantly influenced novel therapeutics for diabetic eye disease, ocular neuropathy, dry eye, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this review, therapeutic potentials and implications will be highlighted, as well as reported adverse effects. Further investigations are necessary before any of the PPARs ligands can be utilized, in the clinics, to treat eye diseases. Future research on the prominent role of PPARs will help unravel the complex mechanisms involved in order to prevent and treat ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Escandon
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Brenda Vasini
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Amy E Whelchel
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L Young, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sarah E Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - H Greg Matlock
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L Young, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L Young, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes Center, 1000 N Lincoln Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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Kaplan N, Gonzalez E, Peng H, Batlle D, Lavker RM. Emerging importance of ACE2 in external stratified epithelial tissues. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 529:111260. [PMID: 33781838 PMCID: PMC7997854 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), has been identified as the receptor for the SARS-CoV-2. Several RAS components including ACE2 and its substrate Ang II are present in both eye and skin, two stratified squamous epithelial tissues that isolate organisms from external environment. Our recent findings in cornea and others in both skin and eye suggest contribution of this system, and specifically of ACE2 in variety of physiological and pathological responses of these organ systems. This review will focus on the role RAS system plays in both skin and cornea, and will specifically discuss our recent findings on ACE2 in corneal epithelial inflammation, as well as potential implications of ACE2 in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elena Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology and Hypertension), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Han Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Daniel Batlle
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology and Hypertension), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Robert M Lavker
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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de Miranda FS, Guimarães JPT, Menikdiwela KR, Mabry B, Dhakal R, Rahman RL, Moussa H, Moustaid-Moussa N. Breast cancer and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS): Therapeutic approaches and related metabolic diseases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 528:111245. [PMID: 33753205 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is classically recognized for regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. Recently, this role has extended to other areas including inflammation, obesity, diabetes, as well as breast cancer. RAS components are expressed in normal and cancerous breast tissues, and downregulation of RAS inhibits metastasis, proliferation, angiogenesis, and desmoplasia in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, RAS inhibitors (Angiotensin receptor blockers, ARBs, or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ACE-I) may be beneficial as preventive adjuvant therapies to thwart breast cancer development and improve outcomes, respectively. Given the beneficial effects of RAS inhibitors in metabolic diseases, which often co-exist in breast cancer patients, combining RAS inhibitors with other breast cancer therapies may enhance the effectiveness of current treatments. This review scrutinizes above associations, to advance our understanding of the role of RAS in breast cancer and its potential for repurposing of RAS inhibitors to improve the therapeutic approach for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Sardela de Miranda
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - João Pedro Tôrres Guimarães
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kalhara R Menikdiwela
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Brennan Mabry
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Rabin Dhakal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Rakhshanda Layeequr Rahman
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hanna Moussa
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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7
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Renin-Angiotensin System in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1277:105-114. [PMID: 33119868 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50224-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For enhancing the antitumor effects of current immunotherapies including immune-checkpoint blockade, it is important to reverse cancer-induced immunosuppression. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) controls systemic body fluid circulation; however, the presence of a local RAS in tumors has been reported. Furthermore, the local RAS in tumors influences various immune and interstitial cells and affects tumor immune response. RAS stimulation through the angiotensin II type 1 receptor has been reported to inhibit tumor immune response. Therefore, RAS inhibitors and combined treatment with immunotherapy are expected in the future. In this chapter, we provide a background on the RAS and describe the tumor environment with regard to the RAS and tumor immune response.
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Receptor-Associated Prorenin System in the Trabecular Meshwork of Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Neovascular Glaucoma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082336. [PMID: 32707887 PMCID: PMC7465309 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor-associated prorenin system (RAPS) is associated with several pathologic conditions, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and uveitis. Here, we show the involvement of RAPS in the trabecular meshwork (TM) from patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and neovascular glaucoma (NVG) due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Anterior chamber (AC) levels of prorenin significantly increased in both POAG and NVG, as did those of angiotensin II in NVG alone, compared to cataract. In surgically excised TM tissues, (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) co-localized with prorenin and angiotensinogen, respectively. In screening for various genes related to glaucoma, prorenin stimulation to human TM cells exclusively upregulated cell junction constituents connexin 43 and zona occludens 1, while downregulating an extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme tissue plasminogen activator, all of which were reversed by (P)RR blockade. In contrast, angiotensin II application upregulated a pro-angiogenic factor placental growth factor alone, which was abolished by AT1R blockade. Consistently, (P)RR and AT1R co-localized with these corresponding proteins in patient TM tissues. Oxidative stress, a known etiology for glaucoma, induced the expression of prorenin and angiotensinogen in human TM cells. These data suggest the contribution of RAPS to the molecular pathogenesis of POAG and NVG through TM tissue remodeling and AC angle angiogenesis.
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Cissé Y, Bai L, Chen MT. LncRNAs in ocular neovascularizations. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:1959-1965. [PMID: 31850182 PMCID: PMC6901876 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.12.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of eye diseases worldwide is dramatically increasing and represents a major concern in underdeveloped and developed regions. Ocular diseases, previously associated with a higher depression risk, also impose a substantial economic burden on affected families, thus early detection and/or accurate treatment in order to avoid and prevent blindness should be emphasized. Ocular neovascularization (NV), the leading cause of blindness in a variety of eye diseases, is a pathologic process characterized by the formation, proliferation and infiltration of anomalous, tiny and leaky fragile blood vessels within the eye. Genetics have been suspected to play an important role in the occurrence of eye diseases, with the detection of a numbers of specific gene mutations. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) are novel class of regulatory molecules previously associated with various biological processes and diseases, however the nature of the relation and pathways by which they might contribute to the development of corneal, choroidal and retinal NV have not yet been completely elucidated. In this review, we focus on the regulation and characteristics of lncRNAs, summarize results from ocular NV-related studies and discuss the implication of lncRNAs in ocular NV development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacouba Cissé
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lang Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min-Ting Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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Nashine S, Subramaniam SR, Chwa M, Nesburn A, Kuppermann BD, Federoff H, Kenney MC. PU-91 drug rescues human age-related macular degeneration RPE cells; implications for AMD therapeutics. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:6691-6713. [PMID: 31477635 PMCID: PMC6756897 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of AMD, this study is based on the premise that repurposing of mitochondria-stabilizing FDA-approved drugs such as PU-91, might rescue AMD RPE cells from AMD mitochondria-induced damage. The PU-91 drug upregulates PGC-1α which is a critical regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Herein, we tested the therapeutic potential of PU-91 drug and examined the additive effects of treatment with PU-91 and esterase inhibitors i.e., EI-12 and EI-78, using the in vitro transmitochondrial AMD cell model. This model was created by fusing platelets obtained from AMD patients with Rho0 i.e., mitochondria-deficient, ARPE-19 cell lines. The resulting AMD RPE cell lines have identical nuclei but differ in their mitochondrial DNA content, which is derived from individual AMD patients. Briefly, we report significant improvement in cell survival, mitochondrial health, and antioxidant potential in PU-91-treated AMD RPE cells compared to their untreated counterparts. In conclusion, this study identifies PU 91 as a therapeutic candidate drug for AMD and repurposing of PU-91 will be a smoother transition from lab bench to clinic since the pharmacological profiles of PU-91 have been examined already.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Nashine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Marilyn Chwa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Anthony Nesburn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Baruch D Kuppermann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Howard Federoff
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Bai Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Zhang H. lncRNA MIAT suppression alleviates corneal angiogenesis through regulating miR-1246/ACE. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:661-669. [PMID: 30782069 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1578143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal neovascularization (CRNV) is a prevalence eye disorder that affects the transparency and refraction properties of eyes. To explore the correlation between the level of Angiotensin II (Ang II) and corneal angiogenesis, the rat model of CRNV was established using alkali-burn, while the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated using VEGF to induce the CRNV cells in vitro. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down were performed to validate the relationship between MIAT and miR-1246. The expression of MIAT and Ang II was increased, while miR-1246 was decreased in CRNV rat model. VEGF stimulation significantly promoted cell proliferation and migration of HUVECs, knockdown of MIAT dramatically reversed the effects of VEGF, while cells co-transfected with miR-1246 inhibitor obviously abolished the effect of VEGF+si-MIAT, however, enalaprilat abolished the effects of VEGF+si-MIAT+miR-1246 inhibitor. MIAT directly regulated the expression of miR-1246. In conclusion, VEGF stimulation promoted cell proliferation and migration of HUVECs mainly through regulating MIAT/miR-1246/ACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Bai
- a Department of Ophthalmology , First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Weiqun Wang
- a Department of Ophthalmology , First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Youmei Zhang
- a Department of Ophthalmology , First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Fengyan Zhang
- a Department of Ophthalmology , First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Haohao Zhang
- b Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
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Vallejo-Ardila DL, Fifis T, Burrell LM, Walsh K, Christophi C. Renin-angiotensin inhibitors reprogram tumor immune microenvironment: A comprehensive view of the influences on anti-tumor immunity. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35500-35511. [PMID: 30464806 PMCID: PMC6231452 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) have shown potential anti-tumor effects that may have a significant impact in cancer therapy. The components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) including both, conventional and alternative axis, appear to have contradictory effects on tumor biology. The mechanisms by which RASi impair tumor growth extend beyond their function of modulating tumor vasculature. The major focus of this review is to analyze other mechanisms by which RASi reprogram the tumor immune microenvironment. These involve impairing hypoxia and acidosis within the tumor stroma, regulating inflammatory signaling pathways and oxidative stress, modulating the function of the non-cellular components and immune cells, and regulating the cross-talk between kalli krein kinin system and RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora L Vallejo-Ardila
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne,VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Theodora Fifis
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne,VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Louise M Burrell
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Katrina Walsh
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne,VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Christopher Christophi
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne,VIC 3084, Australia
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Zhou H, Zhang W, Bi M, Wu J. The molecular mechanisms of action of PPAR-γ agonists in the treatment of corneal alkali burns (Review). Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1003-11. [PMID: 27499172 PMCID: PMC5029963 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal alkali burns (CAB) are characterized by injury-induced inflammation, fibrosis and neovascularization (NV), and may lead to blindness. This review evaluates the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms responsible for CAB. The processes of cytokine production, chemotaxis, inflammatory responses, immune response, cell signal transduction, matrix metalloproteinase production and vascular factors in CAB are discussed. Previous evidence indicates that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonists suppress immune responses, inflammation, corneal fibrosis and NV. This review also discusses the role of PPAR-γ as an anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic agent in the treatment of CAB, as well as the potential role of PPAR-γ in the pathological process of CAB. There have been numerous studies evaluating the clinical profiles of CAB, and the aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence regarding the treatment of CAB with PPAR-γ agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Wensong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Liu G, Wu H, Lu P, Zhang X. Interleukin (IL)-17A Promotes Angiogenesis in an Experimental Corneal Neovascularization Model. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:368-379. [PMID: 27419340 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1196705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoqin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Clinical Immunology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongya Wu
- Jiangsu Clinical Immunology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Peirong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Clinical Immunology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Jiangsu Clinical Immunology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
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Muankaew C, Jansook P, Sigurđsson HH, Loftsson T. Cyclodextrin-based telmisartan ophthalmic suspension: Formulation development for water-insoluble drugs. Int J Pharm 2016; 507:21-31. [PMID: 27139144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cyclodextrin-based aqueous eye drop suspension of the water insoluble drug telmisartan was developed. Formation of a drug/γ-cyclodextrin complex was enabled by preventing formation of a poorly water-soluble zwitterion using a volatile base that was removed upon drying of the complex powder. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was shown to have the overall best effect, stabilizing the complexes without hampering the drug release from the formulation. Two strategies for preparing cyclodextrin-based aqueous eye drop suspensions of telmisartan were investigated, one where hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was added to the medium during preparation of the drug/γ-cyclodextrin complex powder (ternary complex) and the other where hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was added to the complex powder after preparation of the complex (binary complex). The complexation was characterized by DSC, FT-IR and (1)H NMR and the eye drop suspensions formed were examined regarding their stability and in vitro mucoadhesion property. The ternary complex exhibited inferior mucoadhesive property compared to the binary complex. However, the ternary complex was more stable as no notable change in particle size and particle size distribution was observed during storage at 4°C over 6 months (p<0.05) with the mean particle size determined between 2.0 and 2.5μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutimon Muankaew
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Pharmacy, Siam University, 38 Petkasem Road, Phasicharoen, Bangkae, Bangkok 10160, Thailand
| | - Phatsawee Jansook
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Hákon Hrafn Sigurđsson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorsteinn Loftsson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in Ocular Diseases. J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015:275435. [PMID: 26146566 PMCID: PMC4471377 DOI: 10.1155/2015/275435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays an important role in the control of a variety of physiological processes. The last decade has witnessed an increasing interest for the role played by the agonists of PPAR γ in antiangiogenesis, antifibrosis, anti-inflammation effects and in controlling oxidative stress response in various organs. As the pathologic mechanisms of major blinding diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), keratitis, and optic neuropathy, often involve neoangiogenesis and inflammation- and oxidative stress-mediated cell death, evidences are accumulating on the potential benefits of PPAR γ to improve or prevent these vision threatening eye diseases. In this paper we describe what is known about the role of PPAR γ in the ocular pathophysiological processes and PPAR γ agonists as novel adjuvants in the treatment of eye diseases.
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Giese MJ, Speth RC. The ocular renin-angiotensin system: a therapeutic target for the treatment of ocular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 142:11-32. [PMID: 24287313 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is most well-known for its role in regulation and dysregulation of blood pressure as well as fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Due to its ability to cause cardiovascular disease, the RAS is the target of a multitude of drugs that antagonize its pathophysiological effects. While the "classical" RAS is a systemic hormonal system, there is an increasing awareness of the existence and functional significance of local RASs in a number of organs, e.g., liver, kidney, heart, lungs, reproductive organs, adipose tissue and adrenal. The eye is one of these organs where a compelling body of evidence has demonstrated the presence of a local RAS. Individual components of the RAS have been shown to be present in many structures of the eye and their potential functional significance in ocular disease states is described. Because the eye is one of the most important and complex organs in the body, this review also discusses the implications of dysregulation of the systemic RAS on the pathogenesis of ocular diseases and how pharmacological manipulation of the RAS might lead to novel or adjunctive therapies for ocular disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert C Speth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, United States.
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Chen P, Wang Y, Yang L, Li C, Wang Y, Xie L, Wang Y. Novel bioactivity of NHERF1 in corneal neovascularization. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 250:1615-25. [PMID: 22777301 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-012-2094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper aimed to determine the involvement of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) in experimental murine corneal neovascularization (NV), and to study the effect of NHERF1 on the biological properties of HUVEC and related mechanisms. METHODS Using loss- and gain-function, we investigated the biological effects of NHERF1 on HUVEC. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of NHERF1 in cells. A carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeling assay and scarification test were used to measure the proliferation and migration activity, respectively, of HUVEC. The cell cycle distribution of the cells was assessed by flow cytometry analysis. The effect of NHERF1 on the phosphorylation levels of Akt and the changes of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 levels were detected by western blotting analysis. Change in the NHERF1 expression in the alkali burn-induced corneal NV model was detected by microarray, real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Overexpression of exogenous NHERF1 in HUVEC slightly inhibited the proliferation and significantly reduced the migration of the cells. NHERF1 also significantly downregulated Akt1 phosphorylation induced by platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 compared with control cells. NHERF1 was upregulated in corneas challenged with alkali burns. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that NHERF1 might serve as a potential target for manipulating neovascularization-related diseases. This discovery contributes to a better understanding of the bioactivity of NHERF1 in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Abstract
Corneal neovascularization (CNV) may be a physiological response to various stimuli, but a chronic and persistent upregulation of neoangiogenesis can result in pathological CNV. Pathological blood vessels are immature and lack structural integrity, predisposing the cornea to lipid exudation, inflammation, and scarring. CNV can therefore become a potentially blinding condition. In this review, we frame CNV in an epidemiological perspective, consider risk factors for CNV, provide an overview of CNV pathogenesis, and consider the impact of CNV on corneal transplantation. We consider treatments that are of largely historical interest, before reviewing contemporary medical and surgical treatments. Within medical treatments, we report on steroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, antivascular endothelial growth factor agents, and cyclosporine. Within surgical treatments, we report on the use of lasers, photodynamic therapy, superficial keratectomy, and diathermy/cautery-based treatments.
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Telmisartan: a different angiotensin II receptor blocker protecting a different population? J Int Med Res 2010; 37:1662-79. [PMID: 20146864 DOI: 10.1177/147323000903700602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET()) showed that the angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) telmisartan was as protective as the reference-standard ramipril in a broad cross-section of patients at increased cardiovascular risk, but was better tolerated. Telmisartan has a unique profile among ARBs, with a high affinity for the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, a long duration of receptor binding, a high lipophilicity and a long plasma half life. This leads to sustained and powerful blood pressure lowering when compared with the first marketed ARBs, such as losartan and valsartan. Some pharmacological properties of telmisartan clearly distinguish it from other members of the ARB class and may contribute to the clinical effects seen with telmisartan. A class effect for ARBs cannot be assumed. To date, telmisartan is the only ARB that has been shown to reduce cardiovascular risk in at-risk cardiovascular patients.
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Inflammatory Corneal Neovascularization and Tissue Renin-Angiotensin System. Cornea 2009. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e3181aea17d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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