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Puertas-Neyra K, Coco-Martin RM, Hernandez-Rodriguez LA, Gobelli D, Garcia-Ferrer Y, Palma-Vecino R, Tellería JJ, Simarro M, de la Fuente MA, Fernandez-Bueno I. Clinical exome analysis and targeted gene repair of the c.1354dupT variant in iPSC lines from patients with PROM1-related retinopathies exhibiting diverse phenotypes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:192. [PMID: 38956727 PMCID: PMC11218195 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD) are one of the main causes of incurable blindness worldwide. IRD are caused by mutations in genes that encode essential proteins for the retina, leading to photoreceptor degeneration and loss of visual function. IRD generates an enormous global financial burden due to the lack of understanding of a significant part of its pathophysiology, molecular diagnosis, and the near absence of non-palliative treatment options. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) for IRD seem to be an excellent option for addressing these questions, serving as exceptional tools for in-depth studies of IRD pathophysiology and testing new therapeutic approaches. METHODS From a cohort of 8 patients with PROM1-related IRD, we identified 3 patients carrying the same variant (c.1354dupT) but expressing three different IRD phenotypes: Cone and rod dystrophy (CORD), Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and Stargardt disease type 4 (STGD4). These three target patients, along with one healthy relative from each, underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and their genetic panel study was expanded through clinical exome sequencing (CES). Subsequently, non-integrative patient-derived iPSC were generated and fully characterized. Correction of the c.1354dupT mutation was performed using CRISPR/Cas9, and the genetic restoration of the PROM1 gene was confirmed through flow cytometry and western blotting in the patient-derived iPSC lines. RESULTS CES revealed that 2 target patients with the c.1354dupT mutation presented monoallelic variants in genes associated with the complement system or photoreceptor differentiation and peroxisome biogenesis disorders, respectively. The pluripotency and functionality of the patient-derived iPSC lines were confirmed, and the correction of the target mutation fully restored the capability of encoding Prominin-1 (CD133) in the genetically repaired patient-derived iPSC lines. CONCLUSIONS The c.1354dupT mutation in the PROM1 gene is associated to three distinct AR phenotypes of IRD. This pleotropic effect might be related to the influence of monoallelic variants in other genes associated with retinal dystrophies. However, further evidence needs to be provided. Future experiments should include gene-edited patient-derived iPSC due to its potential as disease modelling tools to elucidate this matter in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Puertas-Neyra
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Coco-Martin
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS-REI), Inflamación E Inmunopatologia de Organos y Sistemas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Valladolid, Spain.
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa, y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain.
| | | | - Dino Gobelli
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética, Histología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Yenisey Garcia-Ferrer
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raicel Palma-Vecino
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan José Tellería
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria Simarro
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética, Histología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel A de la Fuente
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética, Histología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ivan Fernandez-Bueno
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS-REI), Inflamación E Inmunopatologia de Organos y Sistemas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa, y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
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Li Z, Cheng W, Zi F, Wang J, Huang X, Sheng X, Rong W. Four different gene-related cone-rod dystrophy: clinical and genetic findings in six Chinese families with diverse modes of inheritance. Front Genet 2023; 14:1157156. [PMID: 38028590 PMCID: PMC10652761 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1157156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate pathogenic variants in six families with cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) presenting various inheritance patterns by using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and analyzing phenotypic features. Methods: A total of six families with CORD were enrolled in Ningxia Eye Hospital for this study. The probands and their family members received comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, and DNA was abstracted from patients and family members. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on probands to screen the causative variants, and all suspected pathogenic variants were determined via Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, co-segregation analysis was performed on available family members. The pathogenicity of novel variants was predicted using in silico analysis and evaluated according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Results: Of the six families, two families were assigned as X-linked recessive (XL), two families were assigned as autosomal recessive (AR), and two families were assigned as autosomal dominant (AD). Pathogenic variants were detected in CACNA1F in two X-linked recessive probands, among which family 1 had a hemizygous frameshift variant c.2201del (p.Val734Glyfs*17) and family 2 had a hemizygous missense variant c.245G>A (p.Arg82Gln). Both probands had high myopia, with fundus tessellation accompanied by abnormalities in the outer structure of the macular area. The homozygous splice variant c.2373 + 5G>T in PROM1 and the homozygous nonsense variant c.604C>T (p.Arg202Ter) in ADAM9 were detected in two autosomal recessive families of the probands. Both probands showed different degrees of atrophy in the macular area, and the lesions showed hypofluorescence changes in autofluorescence. The heterozygous variation in CRX c.682C>T (p.Gln228Ter) was detected in two autosomal dominant families. The onset age of the two probands was late, with better vision and severe macular atrophy. According to ACMG guidelines and the analysis of online in silico tools, all variations were labeled as potentially harmful or pathogenic. Conclusion: Pathogenic variants in CACNA1F, PROM1, ADAM9, and CRX genes were identified in six families affected by the diverse inheritance patterns of CORD. Furthermore, the potential impact of the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) mechanism on the manifestation of CORD phenotypes was examined and addressed. Simultaneously, the spectrum of pathogenic variants and clinical phenotypes associated with the CORD gene was extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Ningxia Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wanyu Cheng
- Ningxia Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feiyin Zi
- Ningxia Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao West Coast New District Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Ningxia Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | | | - Weining Rong
- Ningxia Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Daich Varela M, Duignan ES, De Silva SR, Ba-Abbad R, Fujinami-Yokokawa Y, Leo S, Fujinami K, Mahroo OA, Robson AG, Webster AR, Michaelides M. CERKL-Associated Retinal Dystrophy: Genetics, Phenotype, and Natural History. Ophthalmol Retina 2023; 7:918-931. [PMID: 37331655 PMCID: PMC11108804 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the clinical characteristics, natural history, and genetics of CERKL-associated retinal dystrophy in the largest series to date. DESIGN Multicenter retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS Forty-seven patients (37 families) with likely disease-causing CERKL variants. METHODS Review of clinical notes, ophthalmic images, and molecular diagnosis from 2 international centers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Visual function, retinal imaging, and characteristics were evaluated and correlated. RESULTS The mean age at the first visit was 29.6 ± 13.9 years, and the mean follow-up time was 9.1 ± 7.4 years. The most frequent initial symptom was central vision loss (40%), and the most common retinal feature was well-demarcated areas of macular atrophy (57%). Seventy-seven percent of the participants had double-null genotypes, and 64% had electrophysiological assessment. Among the latter, 53% showed similar severity of rod and cone dysfunction, 27% revealed a rod-cone, 10% a cone-rod, and 10% a macular dystrophy dysfunction pattern. Patients without double-null genotypes tended to have fewer pigment deposits and included a higher proportion of older patients with a relatively mild electrophysiological phenotype. Longitudinal analysis showed that over half of the cohort lost 15 ETDRS letters or more in ≥ 1 eye during the first 5 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The phenotype of CERKL-retinal dystrophy is broad, encompassing isolated macular disease to severe retina-wide involvement, with a range of functional phenotypes, generally not fitting in the rod-cone/cone-rod dichotomy. Disease onset is often earlier, with more severe retinal degenerative changes and photoreceptor dysfunction, in nullizygous cases. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Daich Varela
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Samantha R De Silva
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rola Ba-Abbad
- Ocular Genetics Services, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu Fujinami-Yokokawa
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shaun Leo
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaoru Fujinami
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Omar A Mahroo
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G Robson
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Webster
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Retinitis Pigmentosa Associated with EYS Gene Mutations: Disease Severity Staging and Central Retina Atrophy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050850. [PMID: 36899994 PMCID: PMC10000790 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eyes shut homolog (EYS) gene mutations are estimated to affect at least 5% of patients with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Since there is no mammalian model of human EYS disease, it is important to investigate its age-related changes and the degree of central retinal impairment. METHODS A cohort of EYS patients was studied. They underwent full ophthalmic examination as well as assessment of retinal function and structure, by full-field and focal electroretinograms (ERGs) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), respectively. The disease severity stage was determined by the RP stage scoring system (RP-SSS). Central retina atrophy (CRA) was estimated from the automatically calculated area of the sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) illumination (SRI). RESULTS The RP-SSS was positively correlated with age, showing an advanced severity score (≥8) at an age of 45 and a disease duration of 15 years. The RP-SSS was positively correlated with the CRA area. LogMAR visual acuity and ellipsoid zone width, but not ERG, were correlated with CRA. CONCLUSIONS In EYS-related disease, the RP-SSS showed advanced severity at a relative early age and was correlated with the central area of the RPE/photoreceptor atrophy. These correlations may be relevant in view of therapeutic interventions aimed at rescuing rods and cones in EYS-retinopathy.
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Xiang L, Zhang J, Rao FQ, Yang QL, Zeng HY, Huang SH, Xie ZX, Lv JN, Lin D, Chen XJ, Wu KC, Lu F, Huang XF, Chen Q. Depletion of miR-96 Delays, But Does Not Arrest, Photoreceptor Development in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:24. [PMID: 35481839 PMCID: PMC9055555 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.4.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Abundant retinal microRNA-183 cluster (miR-183C) has been reported to be a key player in photoreceptor development and functionality in mice. However, whether there is a protagonist in this cluster remains unclear. Here, we used a mutant mouse model to study the role of miR-96, a member of miR-183C, in photoreceptor development and functionality. Methods The mature miR-96 sequence was removed using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system. Electroretinogram (ERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) investigated the changes in structure and function in mouse retinas. Immunostaining determined the localization and morphology of the retinal cells. RNA sequencing was conducted to observe retinal transcription alterations. Results The miR-96 mutant mice exhibited cone developmental delay, as occurs in miR-183/96 double knockout mice. Immunostaining of cone-specific marker genes revealed cone nucleus mislocalization and exiguous Opn1mw/Opn1sw in the mutant (MT) mouse outer segments at postnatal day 10. Interestingly, this phenomenon could be relieved in the adult stages. Transcriptome analysis revealed activation of microtubule-, actin filament–, and cilia-related pathways, further supporting the findings. Based on ERG and OCT results at different ages, the MT mice displayed developmental delay not only in cones but also in rods. In addition, a group of miR-96 potential direct and indirect target genes was summarized for interpretation and further studies of miR-96–related retinal developmental defects. Conclusions Depletion of miR-96 delayed but did not arrest photoreceptor development in mice. This miRNA is indispensable for mouse photoreceptor maturation, especially for cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Xiang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng-Qin Rao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Li Yang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yi Zeng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Hai Huang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Xiang Xie
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ji-Neng Lv
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dan Lin
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kun-Chao Wu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Lu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Feng Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
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Xiao YS, Liang J, Gao M, Sun JR, Liu Y, Chen JQ, Zhao XH, Wang YM, Chen YH, Wang YW, Wan XL, Luo XT, Sun XD. Deletion of prominin-1 in mice results in disrupted photoreceptor outer segment protein homeostasis. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:1334-1344. [PMID: 34540608 PMCID: PMC8403851 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.09.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To illustrate the underlying mechanism how prominin-1 (also known as Prom1) mutation contribute to progressive photoreceptor degeneration. METHODS A CRISPR-mediated Prom1 knockout (Prom1-KO) mice model in the C57BL/6 was generated and the photoreceptor degeneration phenotypes by means of structural and functional tests were demonstrated. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analysis were performed to reveal the localization and quantity of related outer segment (OS) proteins. RESULTS The Prom1-KO mice developed the photoreceptor degeneration phenotype including the decreased outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness and compromised electroretinogram amplitude. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed impaired trafficking of photoreceptor OS proteins. Immunoblot data demonstrated decreased photoreceptor OS proteins. CONCLUSION Prom1 deprivation causes progressive photoreceptor degeneration. Prom1 is essential for maintaining normal trafficking and normal quantity of photoreceptor OS proteins. The new light is shed on the pathogenic mechanism underlying photoreceptor degeneration caused by Prom1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shu Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jun-Ran Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiao-Huan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yi-Min Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xue-Ting Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
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[Pathognomonic ERG predicting the genetic diagnosis: Cone dystrophy with supernormal rod response]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:1471-1473. [PMID: 34462148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mutated CCDC51 Coding for a Mitochondrial Protein, MITOK Is a Candidate Gene Defect for Autosomal Recessive Rod-Cone Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157875. [PMID: 34360642 PMCID: PMC8346125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to identify the gene defect underlying a relatively mild rod-cone dystrophy (RCD), lacking disease-causing variants in known genes implicated in inherited retinal disorders (IRD), and provide transcriptomic and immunolocalization data to highlight the best candidate. The DNA of the female patient originating from a consanguineous family revealed no large duplication or deletion, but several large homozygous regions. In one of these, a homozygous frameshift variant, c.244_246delins17 p.(Trp82Valfs*4); predicted to lead to a nonfunctional protein, was identified in CCDC51. CCDC51 encodes the mitochondrial coiled-coil domain containing 51 protein, also called MITOK. MITOK ablation causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we show for the first time that CCDC51/MITOK localizes in the retina and more specifically in the inner segments of the photoreceptors, well known to contain mitochondria. Mitochondrial proteins have previously been implicated in IRD, although usually in association with syndromic disease, unlike our present case. Together, our findings add another ultra-rare mutation implicated in non-syndromic IRD, whose pathogenic mechanism in the retina needs to be further elucidated.
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Garcia-Delgado AB, Valdes-Sanchez L, Morillo-Sanchez MJ, Ponte-Zuñiga B, Diaz-Corrales FJ, de la Cerda B. Dissecting the role of EYS in retinal degeneration: clinical and molecular aspects and its implications for future therapy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:222. [PMID: 34001227 PMCID: PMC8127272 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the EYS gene are one of the major causes of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. EYS-retinopathy presents a severe clinical phenotype, and patients currently have no therapeutic options. The progress in personalised medicine and gene and cell therapies hold promise for treating this degenerative disease. However, lack of understanding and incomplete comprehension of disease's mechanism and the role of EYS in the healthy retina are critical limitations for the translation of current technical advances into real therapeutic possibilities. This review recapitulates the present knowledge about EYS-retinopathies, their clinical presentations and proposed genotype–phenotype correlations. Molecular details of the gene and the protein, mainly based on animal model data, are analysed. The proposed cellular localisation and roles of this large multi-domain protein are detailed. Future therapeutic approaches for EYS-retinopathies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Garcia-Delgado
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Lourdes Valdes-Sanchez
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Ponte-Zuñiga
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.,Retics Oftared, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Diaz-Corrales
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - Berta de la Cerda
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
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10
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Genetic and Clinical Findings in an Ethnically Diverse Cohort with Retinitis Pigmentosa Associated with Pathogenic Variants in CERKL. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121497. [PMID: 33322828 PMCID: PMC7763961 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa is caused by mutations in over 40 genes, one of which is the ceramide kinase-like gene (CERKL). We present a case series of six patients from six unrelated families diagnosed with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD) and with two variants in CERKL recruited from a multi-ethnic British population. A retrospective review of clinical data in these patients was performed and included colour fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (AF) imaging, spectral domain–optical coherence tomography (SD–OCT), visual fields and electroretinogram (ERG) assessment where available. Three female and three male patients were included. Age at onset ranged from 7 years old to 45 years, with three presenting in their 20s and two presenting in their 40s. All but one had central visual loss as one of their main presenting symptoms. Four patients had features of retinitis pigmentosa with significant variation in severity and extent of disease, and two patients had no pigment deposition with only macular involvement clinically. Seven variants in CERKL were identified, of which three are novel. The inherited retinopathies associated with the CERKL gene vary in age at presentation and in degree of severity, but generally are characterised by a central visual impairment early on.
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11
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Srivastava D, Yadav RP, Inamdar SM, Huang Z, Sokolov M, Boyd K, Artemyev NO. Transducin Partners Outside the Phototransduction Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:589494. [PMID: 33173469 PMCID: PMC7591391 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.589494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transducin mediates signal transduction in a classical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) phototransduction cascade. Interactions of transducin with the receptor and the effector molecules had been extensively investigated and are currently defined at the atomic level. However, partners and functions of rod transducin α (Gαt 1) and βγ (Gβ1γ1) outside the visual pathway are not well-understood. In particular, light-induced redistribution of rod transducin from the outer segment to the inner segment and synaptic terminal (IS/ST) allows Gαt1 and/or Gβ1γ1 to modulate synaptic transmission from rods to rod bipolar cells (RBCs). Protein-protein interactions underlying this modulation are largely unknown. We discuss known interactors of transducin in the rod IS/ST compartment and potential pathways leading to the synaptic effects of light-dispersed Gαt1 and Gβ1γ1. Furthermore, we show that a prominent non-GPCR guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) and a chaperone of Gα subunits, resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8A (Ric-8A) protein, is expressed throughout the retina including photoreceptor cells. Recent structures of Ric-8A alone and in complexes with Gα subunits have illuminated the structural underpinnings of the Ric-8A activities. We generated a mouse model with conditional knockout of Ric-8A in rods in order to begin defining the functional roles of the protein in rod photoreceptors and the retina. Our analysis suggests that Ric-8A is not an obligate chaperone of Gαt1. Further research is needed to investigate probable roles of Ric-8A as a GEF, trafficking chaperone, or a mediator of the synaptic effects of Gαt1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Srivastava
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ravi P Yadav
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Shivangi M Inamdar
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Maxim Sokolov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Biochemistry and Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Kimberly Boyd
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Nikolai O Artemyev
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
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12
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Tian W, Li X, Li Y, Wang L, Yang Y, Sun K, Liu W, Zhou B, Lei B, Zhu X. Identification of Novel EYS Mutations by Targeted Sequencing Analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:745-753. [PMID: 33058741 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2020.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited and progressive degenerative retinal disease that often results in severe vision loss and blindness. However, mutations in known RP disease genes account for only 60% of RP cases, indicating that there are additional pathogenic mutations are yet to be identified. We aimed to identify the causative mutations in the eyes shut homolog (EYS) gene in a cohort of Chinese RP and rod-cone dystrophy families. Materials and Methods: Targeted next-generation sequencing was applied to identify novel mutations in these patients. Candidate variants were evaluated using bioinformatics tools. Mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Results: We identified eight heterozygous mutations in the EYS gene in the four probands, including a novel frameshift deletion mutation, c.8242_8243del (p.L2748fs); a novel insertion mutation, c.5802_5803insT (p.I1935YfsX6); a novel splicing mutation, c.1300-1G>A; two heterozygous stop-gain mutations, c.1750G>T (p.E584X) and c.8805C>A (p.Y2935X); and three novel missense mutations, c.8269G>A (p.V2757I), c.2545C>T (p.R849C) and c.7506C>A (p.S2502R). Only c.8805C>A had been reported previously in RP patients. None of these mutations were present in 1000 control individuals. Conclusions: We identified seven novel mutations in the EYS gene, expanding the mutational specra of EYS in Chinese patients with RP and rod-cone dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Tian
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Li
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Li
- People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Psychosomatic Medicine Center, Sichuan Academy of Medicine and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yeming Yang
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuanxiang Sun
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Psychosomatic Medicine Center, Sichuan Academy of Medicine and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Lei
- People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, China
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13
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Park JC, Collison FT, Fishman GA, McAnany JJ. Electrophysiological and Pupillometric Abnormalities in PROM1 Cone-Rod Dystrophy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:26. [PMID: 32879782 PMCID: PMC7442873 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.9.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare electrophysiological and pupillometric responses in subjects with cone–rod dystrophy due to autosomal recessive (AR) PROM1 mutations. Methods Four subjects with AR PROM1 dystrophy and 10 visually normal, age-similar controls participated in this study. Full-field, light- and dark-adapted electroretinograms (ERGs) were obtained using conventional techniques. Full-field, light- and dark-adapted measures of the pupillary light reflex (PLR; pupil constriction elicited by a flash of light) were obtained across a range of stimulus luminance using long- and short-wavelength light. Pupil size as a function of stimulus luminance was described using Naka–Rushton functions to derive Pmax (maximum response) and s (pupil response sensitivity). Results Light-adapted ERGs were non-detectable in all four PROM1 subjects, whereas dark-adapted ERGs were non-detectable in three subjects and markedly attenuated in the fourth. By contrast, each PROM1 subject had light- and dark-adapted PLRs. Pmax ranged from normal to slightly attenuated under all conditions. Light-adapted s was generally normal, with the exception of two subjects who had abnormal s for the long-wavelength stimulus. Dark adapted s was abnormal for each PROM1 subject for the long-wavelength stimulus and ranged from the upper limit of normal to substantially abnormal for the short-wavelength stimulus. Conclusions ERG and PLR comparison showed an unanticipated dichotomy: ERGs were generally non-detectable, whereas PLRs were normal for all PROM1 subjects under select conditions. Differences between the measures may be attributed to distinct spatiotemporal summation/gain characteristics. Translational Relevance These data highlight the potential usefulness of pupillometry in cases where the ERG is non-detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frederick T Collison
- The Pangere Center for Inherited Retinal Diseases, The Chicago Lighthouse, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gerald A Fishman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Pangere Center for Inherited Retinal Diseases, The Chicago Lighthouse, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Jason McAnany
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Fujinami K, Oishi A, Yang L, Arno G, Pontikos N, Yoshitake K, Fujinami-Yokokawa Y, Liu X, Hayashi T, Katagiri S, Mizobuchi K, Mizota A, Shinoda K, Nakamura N, Kurihara T, Tsubota K, Miyake Y, Iwata T, Tsujikawa A, Tsunoda K. Clinical and genetic characteristics of 10 Japanese patients with PROM1-associated retinal disorder: A report of the phenotype spectrum and a literature review in the Japanese population. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:656-674. [PMID: 32820593 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Variants in the PROM1 gene are associated with cone (-rod) dystrophy, macular dystrophy, and other phenotypes. We describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of 10 patients from eight Japanese families with PROM1-associated retinal disorder (PROM1-RD) in a nationwide cohort. A literature review of PROM1-RD in the Japanese population was also performed. The median age at onset/examination of 10 patients was 31.0 (range, 10-45)/44.5 (22-73) years. All 10 patients showed atrophic macular changes. Seven patients (70.0%) had spared fovea to various degrees, approximately half of whom had maintained visual acuity. Generalized cone (-rod) dysfunction was demonstrated in all nine subjects with available electrophysiological data. Three PROM1 variants were identified in this study: one recurrent disease-causing variant (p.Arg373Cys), one novel putative disease-causing variant (p.Cys112Arg), and one novel variant of uncertain significance (VUS; p.Gly53Asp). Characteristic features of macular atrophy with generalized cone-dominated retinal dysfunction were shared among all 10 subjects with PROM1-RD, and the presence of foveal sparing was crucial in maintaining visual acuity. Together with the three previously reported variants [p.R373C, c.1551+1G>A (pathogenic), p.Asn580His (likely benign)] in the literature of Japanese patients, one prevalent missense variant (p.Arg373Cys, 6/9 families, 66.7%) detected in multiple studies was determined in the Japanese population, which was also frequently detected in the European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Fujinami
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Akio Oishi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Lizhu Yang
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gavin Arno
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.,North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nikolas Pontikos
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kazutoshi Yoshitake
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Fujinami-Yokokawa
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Public Health, Yokokawa Clinic, Suita, Japan
| | - Xiao Liu
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Takaaki Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Katagiri
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Mizobuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Shinoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Natsuko Nakamura
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yozo Miyake
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Next vision, Kobe Eye Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwata
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akitaka Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazushige Tsunoda
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Domènech EB, Andrés R, López-Iniesta MJ, Mirra S, García-Arroyo R, Milla S, Sava F, Andilla J, Loza-Álvarez P, de la Villa P, Gonzàlez-Duarte R, Marfany G. A New Cerkl Mouse Model Generated by CRISPR-Cas9 Shows Progressive Retinal Degeneration and Altered Morphological and Electrophysiological Phenotype. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:14. [PMID: 32658961 PMCID: PMC7425692 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.8.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Close to 100 genes cause retinitis pigmentosa, a Mendelian rare disease that affects 1 out of 4000 people worldwide. Mutations in the ceramide kinase-like gene (CERKL) are a prevalent cause of autosomal recessive cause retinitis pigmentosa and cone-rod dystrophy, but the functional role of this gene in the retina has yet to be fully determined. We aimed to generate a mouse model that resembles the phenotypic traits of patients carrying CERKL mutations to undertake functional studies and assay therapeutic approaches. Methods The Cerkl locus has been deleted (around 97 kb of genomic DNA) by gene editing using the CRISPR-Cas9 D10A nickase. Because the deletion of the Cerkl locus is lethal in mice in homozygosis, a double heterozygote mouse model with less than 10% residual Cerkl expression has been generated. The phenotypic alterations of the retina of this new model have been characterized at the morphological and electrophysiological levels. Results This CerklKD/KO model shows retinal degeneration, with a decreased number of cones and progressive photoreceptor loss, poorly stacked photoreceptor outer segment membranes, defective retinal pigment epithelium phagocytosis, and altered electrophysiological recordings in aged retinas. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first Cerkl mouse model to mimic many of the phenotypic traits, including the slow but progressive retinal degeneration, shown by human patients carrying CERKL mutations. This useful model will provide unprecedented insights into the retinal molecular pathways altered in these patients and will contribute to the design of effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena B. Domènech
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER/ISCIII, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Andrés
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER/ISCIII, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. José López-Iniesta
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serena Mirra
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER/ISCIII, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Arroyo
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Milla
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Florentina Sava
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Andilla
- ICFO–The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Loza-Álvarez
- ICFO–The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roser Gonzàlez-Duarte
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER/ISCIII, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- DBGen Ocular Genomics, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Marfany
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER/ISCIII, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- DBGen Ocular Genomics, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Genetic Spectrum of EYS-associated Retinal Disease in a Large Japanese Cohort: Identification of Disease-associated Variants with Relatively High Allele Frequency. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5497. [PMID: 32218477 PMCID: PMC7099090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Biallelic variants in the EYS gene are a major cause of autosomal recessive inherited retinal disease (IRD), with a high prevalence in the Asian population. The purpose of this study was to identify pathogenic EYS variants, to determine the clinical/genetic spectrum of EYS-associated retinal disease (EYS-RD), and to discover disease-associated variants with relatively high allele frequency (1%-10%) in a nationwide Japanese cohort. Sixty-six affected subjects from 61 families with biallelic or multiple pathogenic/disease-associated EYS variants were ascertained by whole-exome sequencing. Three phenotype groups were identified in EYS-RD: retinitis pigmentosa (RP; 85.94%), cone-rod dystrophy (CORD; 10.94%), and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA; 3.12%). Twenty-six pathogenic/disease-associated EYS variants were identified, including seven novel variants. The two most prevalent variants, p.(Gly843Glu) and p.(Thr2465Ser) were found in 26 and twelve families (42.6%, 19.7%), respectively, for which the allele frequency (AF) in the Japanese population was 2.2% and 3.0%, respectively. These results expand the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of EYS-RD, accounting for a high proportion of EYS-RD both in autosomal recessive RP (23.4%) and autosomal recessive CORD (9.9%) in the Japanese population. The presence of EYS variants with relatively high AF highlights the importance of considering the pathogenicity of non-rare variants in relatively prevalent Mendelian disorders.
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17
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Collison FT, Fishman GA, Nagasaki T, Zernant J, McAnany JJ, Park JC, Allikmets R. Characteristic Ocular Features in Cases of Autosomal Recessive PROM1 Cone-Rod Dystrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2347-2356. [PMID: 31136651 PMCID: PMC6538366 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To define characteristic ocular features in a group of patients with autosomal recessive (AR) PROM1 cone-rod dystrophy (CRD). Methods Three males and one female from three unrelated families were first seen at the ages of 15 to 22 years and diagnosed with CRD. Clinical testing available for review included full-field electroretinogram (ERG) in three patients, as well as near-infrared autofluorescence (NIR-AF), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and color fundus photography in all four patients. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on all cases, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed in two families. Results WES found compound heterozygous PROM1 variants in one isolated male, plus heterozygous variants in the remaining patients. WGS uncovered deleterious PROM1 variants in these two families. ERG showed markedly reduced cone-isolated amplitudes and variably reduced rod-isolated amplitudes. The dark-adapted combined rod and cone responses demonstrated notably reduced a-wave amplitudes and moderately reduced b-waves, and the resultant waveform resembled the normal rod-isolated response. On fundus examination, oval-shaped macular lesions were observed, as were several small, circular hypoautofluorescent lesions within the posterior pole on NIR-AF. Three patients showed extramacular circular atrophic lesions. Conclusions The autofluorescence changes, peripheral retinal abnormalities, and ERG findings have not been emphasized in previous reports of AR PROM1, but they became a recognizable phenotype in this cohort of patients. A similar constellation of findings may be observed in CRD due to CDHR1, a functionally related gene. The pattern of abnormalities reported herein may help to focus genetic screening in patients with these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick T Collison
- The Pangere Center for Inherited Retinal Diseases, The Chicago Lighthouse, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Gerald A Fishman
- The Pangere Center for Inherited Retinal Diseases, The Chicago Lighthouse, Chicago, Illinois, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Takayuki Nagasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jana Zernant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - J Jason McAnany
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jason C Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
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18
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Lu Z, Hu X, Reilly J, Jia D, Liu F, Yu S, Liu X, Xie S, Qu Z, Qin Y, Huang Y, Lv Y, Li J, Gao P, Wong F, Shu X, Tang Z, Liu M. Deletion of the transmembrane protein Prom1b in zebrafish disrupts outer-segment morphogenesis and causes photoreceptor degeneration. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13953-13963. [PMID: 31362982 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in human prominin 1 (PROM1), encoding a transmembrane glycoprotein localized mainly to plasma membrane protrusions, have been reported to cause retinitis pigmentosa, macular degeneration, and cone-rod dystrophy. Although the structural role of PROM1 in outer-segment (OS) morphogenesis has been demonstrated in Prom1-knockout mouse, the mechanisms underlying these complex disease phenotypes remain unclear. Here, we utilized a zebrafish model to further investigate PROM1's role in the retina. The Prom1 orthologs in zebrafish include prom1a and prom1b, and our results showed that prom1b, rather than prom1a, plays an important role in zebrafish photoreceptors. Loss of prom1b disrupted OS morphogenesis, with rods and cones exhibiting differences in impairment: cones degenerated at an early age, whereas rods remained viable but with an abnormal OS, even at 9 months postfertilization. Immunofluorescence experiments with WT zebrafish revealed that Prph2, an ortholog of the human transmembrane protein peripherin 2 and also associated with OS formation, is localized to the edge of OS and is more highly expressed in the cone OS than in the rod OS. Moreover, we found that Prom1b deletion causes mislocalization of Prph2 and disrupts its oligomerization. We conclude that the variation in Prph2 levels between cones and rods was one of the reasons for the different PROM1 mutation-induced phenotypes of these retinal structures. These findings expand our understanding of the phenotypes caused by PROM1 mutations and provide critical insights into its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xuebin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - James Reilly
- Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Danna Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xiliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shanglun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhen Qu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yayun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yuwen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yuexia Lv
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jingzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Fulton Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Xinhua Shu
- Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Mugen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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19
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Simón MV, Prado Spalm FH, Vera MS, Rotstein NP. Sphingolipids as Emerging Mediators in Retina Degeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:246. [PMID: 31244608 PMCID: PMC6581011 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipids ceramide (Cer), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), sphingosine (Sph), and ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) are key signaling molecules that regulate major cellular functions. Their roles in the retina have gained increasing attention during the last decade since they emerge as mediators of proliferation, survival, migration, neovascularization, inflammation and death in retina cells. As exacerbation of these processes is central to retina degenerative diseases, they appear as crucial players in their progression. This review analyzes the functions of these sphingolipids in retina cell types and their possible pathological roles. Cer appears as a key arbitrator in diverse retinal pathologies; it promotes inflammation in endothelial and retina pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and its increase is a common feature in photoreceptor death in vitro and in animal models of retina degeneration; noteworthy, inhibiting Cer synthesis preserves photoreceptor viability and functionality. In turn, S1P acts as a double edge sword in the retina. It is essential for retina development, promoting the survival of photoreceptors and ganglion cells and regulating proliferation and differentiation of photoreceptor progenitors. However, S1P has also deleterious effects, stimulating migration of Müller glial cells, angiogenesis and fibrosis, contributing to the inflammatory scenario of proliferative retinopathies and age related macular degeneration (AMD). C1P, as S1P, promotes photoreceptor survival and differentiation. Collectively, the expanding role for these sphingolipids in the regulation of critical processes in retina cell types and in their dysregulation in retina degenerations makes them attractive targets for treating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria Simón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Departamento De Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Facundo H Prado Spalm
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Departamento De Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marcela S Vera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Departamento De Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Nora P Rotstein
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Departamento De Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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20
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Cehajic-Kapetanovic J, Birtel J, McClements ME, Shanks ME, Clouston P, Downes SM, Charbel Issa P, MacLaren RE. Clinical and Molecular Characterization of PROM1-Related Retinal Degeneration. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e195752. [PMID: 31199449 PMCID: PMC6575153 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The PROM1 gene, commonly associated with cone-rod dystrophies, may have dominant or recessive phenotypes that influence disease onset and severity. OBJECTIVE To characterize the clinical phenotype and molecular genetic variations in patients with PROM1 variants. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case-series study was conducted at 2 specialist retinal genetics clinics and examined 19 consecutively enrolled patients with PROM1-related retinal degeneration. Data were collected and analyzed from May 2018 to December 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Results of ophthalmic examination, retinal imaging, and molecular genetic analysis by next-generation sequencing. RESULTS Of 19 patients, 13 (68%) were women, and age ranged from 11 to 70 years. All patients presented with central visual loss, with or without photophobia. Individuals with recessive variants commonly had severe loss of visual acuity by their 20s, whereas the dominant variant was associated with a milder phenotype, with most patients retaining good vision into late adulthood. The recessive cases were associated with a panretinal dystrophy of cone-rod phenotype with early macular involvement, whereas the dominant variants were associated with a cone-rod phenotype that was restricted to the macula with predominantly cone dysfunction. Next-generation sequencing identified 3 novel and 9 previously reported variants in PROM1. Recessive mutations included 6 truncating variants (3 nonsense and 3 frameshift), 4 splice site variants, and 1 missense variant. All 6 dominant variants were associated with a c.1117C>T missense variant. The variants were distributed throughout the PROM1 genomic sequence with no specific clustering on protein domains. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this case-series study, PROM1 recessive variants were associated with early-onset, severe panretinal degeneration. The similar phenotypes observed in patients with homozygous missense variants and splice site variants compared with similarly aged patients with truncating variants suggests that all recessive variants have a null (or loss of function close to null) outcome on PROM1 function. In contrast, the dominant missense cases were associated with a milder, cone-driven phenotype, suggesting that the dominant disease is preferentially associated with cones. This has implications for the development of treatments for this severely blinding disease, and adeno-associated viral vector-based gene therapy and optogenetics could become successful treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Cehajic-Kapetanovic
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Birtel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michelle E. McClements
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Morag E. Shanks
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Clouston
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M. Downes
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Charbel Issa
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert E. MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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21
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Hu X, Lu Z, Yu S, Reilly J, Liu F, Jia D, Qin Y, Han S, Liu X, Qu Z, Lv Y, Li J, Huang Y, Jiang T, Jia H, Wang Q, Liu J, Shu X, Tang Z, Liu M. CERKL regulates autophagy via the NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT1. Autophagy 2019; 15:453-465. [PMID: 30205735 PMCID: PMC6351130 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1520548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an important intracellular mechanism for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Here we show that the CERKL (ceramide kinase like) gene, a retinal degeneration (RD) pathogenic gene, plays a critical role in regulating autophagy by stabilizing SIRT1. In vitro and in vivo, suppressing CERKL results in impaired autophagy. SIRT1 is one of the main regulators of acetylation/deacetylation in autophagy. In CERKL-depleted retinas and cells, SIRT1 is downregulated. ATG5 and ATG7, 2 essential components of autophagy, show a higher degree of acetylation in CERKL-depleted cells. Overexpression of SIRT1 rescues autophagy in CERKL-depleted cells, whereas CERKL loses its function of regulating autophagy in SIRT1-depleted cells, and overexpression of CERKL upregulates SIRT1. Finally, we show that CERKL directly interacts with SIRT1, and may regulate its phosphorylation at Ser27 to stabilize SIRT1. These results show that CERKL is an important regulator of autophagy and it plays this role by stabilizing the deacetylase SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - James Reilly
- Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Danna Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yayun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Xiliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Qu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yuexia Lv
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Shu
- Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Mugen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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22
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Azab B, Barham R, Ali D, Dardas Z, Rashdan L, Bijawi M, Maswadi R, Awidi A, Jafar H, Abu-Ameerh M, Al-Bdour M, Amr S, Awidi A. Novel CERKL variant in consanguineous Jordanian pedigrees with inherited retinal dystrophies. Can J Ophthalmol 2019; 54:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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23
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Liang J, She X, Chen J, Zhai Y, Liu Y, Zheng K, Gong Y, Zhu H, Luo X, Sun X. Identification of novel PROM1 mutations responsible for autosomal recessive maculopathy with rod-cone dystrophy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 257:619-628. [PMID: 30588538 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-04206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize two patients with macular and rod-cone dystrophy and identify the genetic basis for disease. METHOD Ophthalmic examinations were performed for the family and the peripheral blood samples were collected for whole exome sequencing. The mutated sequences of PROM1 gene were cloned and expressed in cultured cell lines after transient transfection followed by analysis with confocal microscopy and bridge-PCR. RESULT We reported that two patients, brothers in a family, were diagnosed with macular and rod-cone dystrophy. Phenotypically, both patients experience progressive visual impairment and nyctalopia. The fundus examination showed macular and choroid dystrophy with pigment deposits in the macular region. Functionally, photoreceptor response to electrophysiological stimulation was significantly compromised with more severe decline in rods. Genetic analysis by whole exome sequencing revealed two novel compound heterogeneous point mutations in PROM1 gene that co-segregate with patients in an autosomal recessive manner. Specifically, the c.C1902G(p.Y634X) nonsense mutation results in a truncated, labile, and mislocalized protein, while the c.C1682+3A>G intronic mutation disrupts messenger RNA splicing. CONCLUSION Our findings have identified two novel deleterious mutations in PROM1 gene that are associated with hereditary macular and rod-cone dystrophy in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xiangjun She
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jieqiong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yuanqi Zhai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Kairong Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xueting Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
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24
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Sengillo JD, Lee W, Nagasaki T, Schuerch K, Yannuzzi LA, Freund KB, Sparrow JR, Allikmets R, Tsang SH. A Distinct Phenotype of Eyes Shut Homolog (EYS)-Retinitis Pigmentosa Is Associated With Variants Near the C-Terminus. Am J Ophthalmol 2018; 190:99-112. [PMID: 29550188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutations in the eyes shut homolog (EYS) gene are a frequent cause of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP). This study used multimodal retinal imaging to elucidate genotype-phenotype correlations in EYS-related RP (EYS-RP). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Multimodal retinal imaging and electrophysiologic testing were assessed for 16 patients with genetic confirmation of EYS-RP. RESULTS A total of 27 unique EYS variants were identified in 16 patients. Seven patients presented with an unusual crescent-shaped hyperautofluorescent (hyperAF) ring on fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging encompassing a large nasal-superior area of the posterior pole. Three patients had a typical circular or oval perifoveal hyperAF ring and 6 patients had no hyperAF ring. Spectral-domain (SD) and en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed preserved ellipsoid zone and retinal thickness spatially corresponding to areas within the hyperAF rings. Eleven patients presented with a rod-cone dystrophy on full-field electroretinogram (ffERG), 1 patient presented with cone-rod dystrophy, and 4 patients did not undergo ffERG testing. A significant spatial association was found between EYS variant position and FAF phenotype, with variants occurring at a nucleotide position greater than GRCh37 6:65300137 (c.5617C) being more associated with patients exhibiting hyperAF rings at presentation. CONCLUSIONS EYS-RP is a heterogeneous manifestation. Variants occurring in positions closer to the C-terminus of EYS are more common in patients presenting with hyperAF rings on FAF imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Sengillo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; State University of New York at Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Winston Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Takayuki Nagasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kaspar Schuerch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - K Bailey Freund
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Janet R Sparrow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, New York, New York, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
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25
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Avela K, Sankila EM, Seitsonen S, Kuuluvainen L, Barton S, Gillies S, Aittomäki K. A founder mutation in CERKL is a major cause of retinal dystrophy in Finland. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:183-191. [PMID: 29068140 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the genetic aetiology of retinal dystrophies (RD) in Finnish patients. METHODS A targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel of 105 retinal dystrophy genes was used in a cohort of 55 RD patients. RESULTS The overall diagnostic yield was 60% demonstrating the power of this approach. Interestingly, a missense mutation c.375C>G p.(Cys125Trp) in the CERKL gene was found in 18% of the patients in either a homozygous or compound heterozygous state. Data from Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) Browser show that the CERKL c.375C>G p.(Cys125Trp) allele is enriched in the Finnish population and thus is a founder mutation. Furthermore, we report the clinical picture of 18 patients with mutations in the CERKL gene. CERKL mutations cause a macular-onset disease, in which symptoms first become apparent at the second decade. We also detected other novel founder mutations in the CERKL, EYS, RP1, ABCA4 and GUCY2D genes. CONCLUSION Our report indicates that the first diagnostic test for Finnish patients with sporadic or autosomal recessive RD should be a targeted test for founder mutations in the CERKL, EYS, RP1, ABCA4 and GUCY2D genes. These results confirm the utility of NGS-based gene panels as a powerful method for mutation identification in RD, thus enabling improved genetic counselling for these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Avela
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Eeva-Marja Sankila
- Department of Ophthalmology; Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Sanna Seitsonen
- Department of Ophthalmology; Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Liina Kuuluvainen
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Stephanie Barton
- St Mary's Hospital; Central Manchester University Hospitals and Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine; Manchester UK
| | - Stuart Gillies
- St Mary's Hospital; Central Manchester University Hospitals and Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine; Manchester UK
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
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26
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Messchaert M, Haer-Wigman L, Khan MI, Cremers FPM, Collin RWJ. EYS mutation update: In silico assessment of 271 reported and 26 novel variants in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Hum Mutat 2017; 39:177-186. [PMID: 29159838 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in Eyes shut homolog (EYS) are one of the most common causes of autosomal recessive (ar) retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a progressive blinding disorder. The exact function of the EYS protein and the pathogenic mechanisms underlying EYS-associated RP are still poorly understood, which hampers the interpretation of the causality of many EYS variants discovered to date. We collected all reported EYS variants present in 377 arRP index cases published before June 2017, and uploaded them in the Leiden Open Variation Database (www.LOVD.nl/EYS). We also describe 36 additional index cases, carrying 26 novel variants. Of the 297 unique EYS variants identified, almost half (n = 130) are predicted to result in premature truncation of the EYS protein. Classification of all variants using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines revealed that the predicted pathogenicity of these variants cover the complete spectrum ranging from likely benign to pathogenic, although especially missense variants largely fall in the category of uncertain significance. Besides the identification of likely benign alleles previously reported as being probably pathogenic, our comprehensive analysis underscores the need of functional assays to assess the causality of EYS variants, in order to improve molecular diagnostics and counseling of patients with EYS-associated RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriël Messchaert
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke Haer-Wigman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad I Khan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob W J Collin
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Yu S, Li C, Biswas L, Hu X, Liu F, Reilly J, Liu X, Liu Y, Huang Y, Lu Z, Han S, Wang L, Yu Liu J, Jiang T, Shu X, Wong F, Tang Z, Liu M. CERKL gene knockout disturbs photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis and causes rod-cone dystrophy in zebrafish. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2335-2345. [PMID: 28398482 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, CERKL mutations cause widespread retinal degeneration: early dysfunction and loss of rod and cone photoreceptors in the outer retina and, progressively, death of cells in the inner retina. Despite intensive efforts, the function of CERKL remains obscure and studies in animal models have failed to clarify the disease mechanism of CERKL mutations. To address this gap in knowledge, we have generated a stable CERKL knockout zebrafish model by TALEN technology and a 7bp deletion in CERKL cDNA that caused the premature termination of CERKL. These CERKL-/- animals showed progressive degeneration of photoreceptor outer segments (OSs) and increased apoptosis of retinal cells, including those in the outer and inner retinal layers. Additionally, we confirmed by immunofluorescence and western-blot that rod degeneration in CERKL-/- zebrafish occurred earlier and was more significant than that in cone cells. Accumulation of shed OSs in the interphotoreceptor matrix was observed by transmission election microscopy (TEM). This suggested that CERKL may regulate the phagocytosis of OSs by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We further found that the phagocytosis-associated protein MERTK was significantly reduced in CERKL-/- zebrafish. Additionally, in ARPE-19 cell lines, knockdown of CERKL also decreased the mRNA and protein level of MERTK, as well as the ox-POS phagocytosis. We conclude that CERKL deficiency in zebrafish may cause rod-cone dystrophy, but not cone-rod dystrophy, while interfering with the phagocytosis function of RPE associated with down-regulation of the expression of MERTK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Lincoln Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4?0BA, UK
| | - Xuebin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - James Reilly
- Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4?0BA, UK
| | - Xiliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jing Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Shu
- Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4?0BA, UK
| | - Fulton Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Mugen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
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The Rapid-Onset Chorioretinopathy Phenotype of ABCA4 Disease. Ophthalmology 2017; 125:89-99. [PMID: 28947085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize patients affected by a uniquely severe, rapid-onset chorioretinopathy (ROC) phenotype of ABCA4 disease. DESIGN Comparative cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen patients were selected from a large clinically diagnosed and genetically confirmed cohort (n = 300) of patients diagnosed with ABCA4 disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Phenotypic characteristics were assessed on color fundus photographs, short-wavelength autofluorescence (488-nm), and near-infrared autofluorescence (NIR-AF, 787-nm) images. Subfoveal thickness measurements were obtained from enhanced-depth imaging OCT. Generalized retinal function was determined with full-field electroretinogram (ffERG) testing, and lipofuscin accumulation was assessed by quantitative autofluorescence (qAF). RESULTS All patients exhibited advanced disease features, including pigment migration in the macula and retinal vessel attenuation at an early age, and reported a symptomatic onset, on average, at 7.4 years (average for ABCA4 disease is 21.9 years, P < 0.0001). Deterioration of the macula was observed to begin with an intense, homogeneous signal on short-wavelength autofluorescence, which corresponds to an attenuated NIR-AF signal and progresses to a patchy, coalescing pattern of chorioretinal atrophy within the subsequent decade. Measurement of choroidal thickness revealed a more rapid thinning of choriocapillaris with age of Sattler's layer compared with the rate in most other patients with ABCA4 disease (P < 0.001). Levels of qAF in the macula before atrophy were above both the 95% confidence intervals for healthy individuals and patients with Stargardt disease (STGD1) (>1000 qAF units). Severe attenuation of cone responses and notable decreases in rod responses were detected by ffERG. Sequencing of the ABCA4 gene revealed exclusively deleterious, null mutations, including stop codons; frameshift deletions; variants in canonical splice sites, which completely abolish splicing; and known deleterious missense alleles. CONCLUSIONS The ROC phenotype is a unique classification of ABCA4 disease, which is caused by deleterious null biallelic ABCA4 mutations and is characterized by the rapid deterioration of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor layers in the macula and significant choroidal thinning within the first 2 decades of life.
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Ablation of EYS in zebrafish causes mislocalisation of outer segment proteins, F-actin disruption and cone-rod dystrophy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46098. [PMID: 28378834 PMCID: PMC5380955 DOI: 10.1038/srep46098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in EYS are associated with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) and autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy (arCRD) however, the function of EYS and the molecular mechanisms of how these mutations cause retinal degeneration are still unclear. Because EYS is absent in mouse and rat, and the structure of the retina differs substantially between humans and Drosophila, we utilised zebrafish as a model organism to study the function of EYS in the retina. We constructed an EYS-knockout zebrafish-line by TALEN technology which showed visual impairment at an early age, while the histological and immunofluorescence assays indicated the presence of progressive retinal degeneration with a cone predominately affected pattern. These phenotypes recapitulate the clinical manifestations of arCRD patients. Furthermore, the EYS-/- zebrafish also showed mislocalisation of certain outer segment proteins (rhodopsin, opn1lw, opn1sw1, GNB3 and PRPH2), and disruption of actin filaments in photoreceptors. Protein mislocalisation may, therefore, disrupt the function of cones and rods in these zebrafish and cause photoreceptor death. Collectively, these results point to a novel role for EYS in maintaining the morphological structure of F-actin and in protein transport, loss of this function might be the trigger for the resultant cellular events that ultimately lead to photoreceptor death.
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Cornelis SS, Bax NM, Zernant J, Allikmets R, Fritsche LG, den Dunnen JT, Ajmal M, Hoyng CB, Cremers FPM. In Silico Functional Meta-Analysis of 5,962 ABCA4 Variants in 3,928 Retinal Dystrophy Cases. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:400-408. [PMID: 28044389 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Variants in the ABCA4 gene are associated with a spectrum of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), most prominently with autosomal recessive (ar) Stargardt disease (STGD1) and ar cone-rod dystrophy. The clinical outcome to a large degree depends on the severity of the variants. To provide an accurate prognosis and to select patients for novel treatments, functional significance assessment of nontruncating ABCA4 variants is important. We collected all published ABCA4 variants from 3,928 retinal dystrophy cases in a Leiden Open Variation Database, and compared their frequency in 3,270 Caucasian IRD cases with 33,370 non-Finnish European control individuals. Next to the presence of 270 protein-truncating variants, 191 nontruncating variants were significantly enriched in the patient cohort. Furthermore, 30 variants were deemed benign. Assessing the homozygous occurrence of frequent variants in IRD cases based on the allele frequencies in control individuals confirmed the mild nature of the p.[Gly863Ala, Gly863del] variant and identified three additional mild variants (p.(Ala1038Val), c.5714+5G>A, and p.(Arg2030Gln)). The p.(Gly1961Glu) variant was predicted to act as a mild variant in most cases. Based on these data, in silico analyses, and American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, we provide pathogenicity classifications on a five-tier scale from benign to pathogenic for all variants in the ABCA4-LOVD database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie S Cornelis
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie M Bax
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Zernant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Lars G Fritsche
- Department of Public Health, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johan T den Dunnen
- Departments of Clinical Genetics and Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Ajmal
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Salles MV, Motta FL, Dias da Silva E, Varela Lima Teixeira P, Antunes Costa K, Filippelli-Silva R, Martin R, Pesquero JB, Ferraz Sallum JM. PROM1 gene variations in Brazilian patients with macular dystrophy. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 38:39-42. [DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2016.1275022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Vallim Salles
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Louise Motta
- Biophysics Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elton Dias da Silva
- Biophysics Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Kárita Antunes Costa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renan Martin
- Biophysics Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Biophysics Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maria Ferraz Sallum
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Habibi I, Chebil A, Falfoul Y, Allaman-Pillet N, Kort F, Schorderet DF, El Matri L. Identifying mutations in Tunisian families with retinal dystrophy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37455. [PMID: 27874104 PMCID: PMC5118704 DOI: 10.1038/srep37455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal dystrophies (RD) are a rare genetic disorder with high genetic heterogeneity. This study aimed at identifying disease-causing variants in fifteen consanguineous Tunisian families. Full ophthalmic examination was performed. Index patients were subjected to IROme analysis or whole exome sequencing followed by homozygosity mapping. All detected variations were confirmed by direct Sanger sequencing. Mutation analysis in our patients revealed two compound heterozygous mutations p.(R91W);(V172D) in RPE65, and five novel homozygous mutations: p.R765C in CNGB1, p.H337R in PDE6B, splice site variant c.1129-2A > G and c.678_681delGAAG in FAM161A and c.1133 + 3_1133 + 6delAAGT in CERKL. The latter mutation impacts pre-mRNA splicing of CERKL. The other changes detected were six previously reported mutations in CNGB3 (p.R203*), ABCA4 (p.W782*), NR2E3 (p.R311Q), RPE65 (p.H182Y), PROM1 (c.1354dupT) and EYS (c.5928-2A > G). Segregation analysis in each family showed that all affected individuals were homozygotes and unaffected individuals were either heterozygote carriers or homozygous wild type allele. These results confirm the involvement of a large number of genes in RD in the Tunisian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Habibi
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology (IRO), Sion, Switzerland.,Research Laboratory of Oculogenetic (LR14SP01), Department B of Ophthalmology, Hedi Rais Institute of Ophthalmology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory of renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01), University Tunis El Manar, Immunology Laboratory, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Chebil
- Research Laboratory of Oculogenetic (LR14SP01), Department B of Ophthalmology, Hedi Rais Institute of Ophthalmology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Falfoul
- Research Laboratory of Oculogenetic (LR14SP01), Department B of Ophthalmology, Hedi Rais Institute of Ophthalmology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | | | - Fedra Kort
- Research Laboratory of Oculogenetic (LR14SP01), Department B of Ophthalmology, Hedi Rais Institute of Ophthalmology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Daniel F Schorderet
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology (IRO), Sion, Switzerland.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Faculty of biology and medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leila El Matri
- Research Laboratory of Oculogenetic (LR14SP01), Department B of Ophthalmology, Hedi Rais Institute of Ophthalmology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
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EYS Is a Protein Associated with the Ciliary Axoneme in Rods and Cones. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166397. [PMID: 27846257 PMCID: PMC5112921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Mutations in the EYS gene are a common cause of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP), yet the role of the EYS protein in humans is presently unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the isoform structure, expression and potential function of EYS in the mammalian retina in order to better understand its involvement in the pathogenesis of arRP. Methods To achieve the objective, we examined the expression of mRNA transcripts of EYS isoforms in human tissues and cell lines by RT-PCR. We also investigated the localisation of EYS in cultured cells and retinal cryo-sections by confocal fluorescence microscopy and Western blot analysis. Results RT-PCR analysis confirmed that EYS has at least four isoforms. In addition to the previously reported EYS isoforms 1 and 4, we present the experimental validation of two smaller variants referred to as EYS isoforms 2 and 3. All four isoforms are expressed in the human retina and Y79 cells and the short variants were additionally detected in the testis. Immunofluorescent confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis revealed that all EYS isoforms preferentially localise to the cytoplasm of Y79 and HeLa cells. Moreover, an enrichment of the endogenous protein was observed near the centrosomes in Y79 cells. Interestingly, EYS was observed at the ciliary axoneme in Y79 ciliated cells. In macaque retinal cryosections, EYS was found to localise in the region of the photoreceptor ciliary axoneme in both rods and cones as well as in the cytoplasm of the ganglion cells. Conclusion The results obtained in this study lead us to speculate that, in photoreceptor cells, EYS could be a protein involved in maintaining the stability of the ciliary axoneme in both rods and cones. The variability of its isoform structure suggests that other roles are also possible and yet to be established.
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Yu M, Liu Y, Li J, Natale BN, Cao S, Wang D, Amack JD, Hu H. Eyes shut homolog is required for maintaining the ciliary pocket and survival of photoreceptors in zebrafish. Biol Open 2016; 5:1662-1673. [PMID: 27737822 PMCID: PMC5155541 DOI: 10.1242/bio.021584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the extracellular matrix protein eyes shut homolog (EYS) cause photoreceptor degeneration in patients with retinitis pigmentosa 25 (RP25). Functions of EYS remain poorly understood, due in part to the lack of an EYS gene in mouse. We investigated the localization of vertebrate EYS proteins and engineered loss-of-function alleles in zebrafish. Immunostaining indicated that EYS localized near the connecting cilium/transition zone in photoreceptors. EYS also strongly localized to the cone outer segments and weakly to the rod outer segments and cone terminals in primate retinas. Analysis of mutant EYS zebrafish revealed disruption of the ciliary pocket in cone photoreceptors, indicating that EYS is required for maintaining the integrity of the ciliary pocket lumen. Mutant zebrafish exhibited progressive loss of cone and rod photoreceptors. Our results indicate that EYS protein localization is species-dependent and that EYS is required for maintaining ciliary pocket morphology and survival of photoreceptors in zebrafish. Summary: The extracellular matrix protein Eyes shut homolog is required for maintaining the integrity of the ciliary pocket and survival of photoreceptors in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Brianna N Natale
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Shuqin Cao
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Amack
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Huaiyu Hu
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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Huang L, Xiao X, Li S, Jia X, Wang P, Sun W, Xu Y, Xin W, Guo X, Zhang Q. Molecular genetics of cone-rod dystrophy in Chinese patients: New data from 61 probands and mutation overview of 163 probands. Exp Eye Res 2016; 146:252-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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36
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Matsui R, Cideciyan AV, Schwartz SB, Sumaroka A, Roman AJ, Swider M, Huang WC, Sheplock R, Jacobson SG. Molecular Heterogeneity Within the Clinical Diagnosis of Pericentral Retinal Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:6007-18. [PMID: 26393467 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize in detail the phenotype and genotype of patients with pericentral retinal degeneration (PRD). METHODS Patients were screened for an annular ring scotoma ranging from 3° to 40° (n = 28, ages 24-71) with kinetic perimetry. All patients had pigmentary retinopathy in the region of the dysfunction. Further studies included cross-sectional and en face imaging, static chromatic perimetry, and electroretinography. Molecular screening was performed. RESULTS Genotypes of 14 of 28 PRD patients were identified: There were mutations in eight different genes previously associated with autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive RDs. Kinetic fields monitored in some patients over years to more than a decade could be stable or show increased extent of the scotoma. Electroretinograms were recordable but with different severities of dysfunction. Patterns of photoreceptor outer nuclear layer (ONL) loss corresponded to the distribution of visual dysfunction. Outer nuclear layer thickness topography and en face imaging indicated that the greatest disease expression was in the area of known highest rod photoreceptor density. CONCLUSIONS Molecular heterogeneity was a feature of the PRD phenotype. Many of the molecular causes were also associated with other phenotypes, such as maculopathies, typical retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and cone-rod dystrophy. The pericentral pattern of retinal degeneration is thus confirmed to be an uncommon phenotype of many different genotypes rather than a distinct disease entity.
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An intronic deletion in the PROM1 gene leads to autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy. Mol Vis 2015; 21:1295-306. [PMID: 26702251 PMCID: PMC4676936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the genetic basis for autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy (CRD) in a consanguineous Israeli Jewish family. METHODS Patients underwent a detailed ophthalmic evaluation, including eye examination, visual field testing, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and electrophysiological tests, electroretinography (ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP). Genome-wide homozygosity mapping using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array was performed to identify homozygous regions shared among two of the affected individuals. Mutation screening of the underlying gene was performed with direct sequencing. In silico and in vitro analyses were used to predict the effect of the identified mutation on splicing. RESULTS The affected family members are three siblings who have various degrees of progressive visual deterioration, glare, color vision abnormalities, and night vision difficulties. Visual field tests revealed central scotomas of different extension. Cone and rod ERG responses were reduced, with cones more severely affected. Homozygosity mapping revealed several homozygous intervals shared among two of the affected individuals. One included the PROM1 gene. Sequence analysis of the 26 coding exons of PROM1 in one affected individual revealed no mutations in the coding sequence or in intronic splice sites. However, in intron 21, proximate to the intron-exon junction, we observed a homozygous 10 bp deletion between positions -26 and -17 (c.2281-26_-17del). The deletion was linked to a known SNP, c.2281-6C>G. The deletion cosegregated with the disease in the family, and was not detected in public databases or in 101 ethnically-matched control individuals. In silico analysis predicted that this deletion would lead to altered intron 21 splicing. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that a recognition site for the SRSF2 splicing factor is located within the deleted sequence. The in vitro splicing assay demonstrated that c.2281-26_-17del leads to complete exon 22 skipping. CONCLUSIONS A novel and unique intronic mutation of PROM1, underlying autosomal recessive CRD in a consanguineous Israeli family, was found. This report expands the spectrum of pathogenic mutations of PROM1 and further demonstrates the importance of intronic mutations.
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Chen J, Liu F, Li H, Archacki S, Gao M, Liu Y, Liao S, Huang M, Wang J, Yu S, Li C, Tang Z, Liu M. pVHL interacts with Ceramide kinase like (CERKL) protein and ubiquitinates it for oxygen dependent proteasomal degradation. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2314-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Identification of two novel mutations in CDHR1 in consanguineous Spanish families with autosomal recessive retinal dystrophy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13902. [PMID: 26350383 PMCID: PMC4642573 DOI: 10.1038/srep13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies present extensive phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity, posing a challenge for patients’ molecular and clinical diagnoses. In this study, we wanted to clinically characterize and investigate the molecular etiology of an atypical form of autosomal recessive retinal dystrophy in two consanguineous Spanish families. Affected members of the respective families exhibited an array of clinical features including reduced visual acuity, photophobia, defective color vision, reduced or absent ERG responses, macular atrophy and pigmentary deposits in the peripheral retina. Genetic investigation included autozygosity mapping coupled with exome sequencing in the first family, whereas autozygome-guided candidate gene screening was performed by means of Sanger DNA sequencing in the second family. Our approach revealed nucleotide changes in CDHR1; a homozygous missense variant (c.1720C > G, p.P574A) and a homozygous single base transition (c.1485 + 2T > C) affecting the canonical 5’ splice site of intron 13, respectively. Both changes co-segregated with the disease and were absent among cohorts of unrelated control individuals. To date, only five mutations in CDHR1 have been identified, all resulting in premature stop codons leading to mRNA nonsense mediated decay. Our work reports two previously unidentified homozygous mutations in CDHR1 further expanding the mutational spectrum of this gene.
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Whole Exome Sequencing Reveals Mutations in Known Retinal Disease Genes in 33 out of 68 Israeli Families with Inherited Retinopathies. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13187. [PMID: 26306921 PMCID: PMC4549705 DOI: 10.1038/srep13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole exome sequencing (WES) is a powerful technique for identifying sequence changes in the human genome. The goal of this study was to delineate the genetic defects in patients with inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) using WES. WES was performed on 90 patient DNA samples from 68 families and 226 known genes for IRDs were analyzed. Sanger sequencing was used to validate potential pathogenic variants that were also subjected to segregation analysis in families. Thirty-three causative mutations (19 novel and 14 known) in 25 genes were identified in 33 of the 68 families. The vast majority of mutations (30 out of 33) have not been reported in the Israeli and the Palestinian populations. Nine out of the 33 mutations were detected in additional families from the same ethnic population, suggesting a founder effect. In two families, identified phenotypes were different from the previously reported clinical findings associated with the causative gene. This is the largest genetic analysis of IRDs in the Israeli and Palestinian populations to date. We also demonstrate that WES is a powerful tool for rapid analysis of known disease genes in large patient cohorts.
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Mayer AK, Rohrschneider K, Strom TM, Glöckle N, Kohl S, Wissinger B, Weisschuh N. Homozygosity mapping and whole-genome sequencing reveals a deep intronic PROM1 mutation causing cone-rod dystrophy by pseudoexon activation. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:459-62. [PMID: 26153215 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several genes have been implicated in the autosomal recessive form of cone-rod dystrophy (CRD), but the majority of cases remain unsolved. We identified a homozygous interval comprising two known genes associated with the autosomal recessive form of CRD, namely RAB28 and PROM1, in a consanguineous family with clinical evidence of CRD. Both genes proved to be mutation negative upon sequencing of exons and canonical splice sites but whole-genome sequencing revealed a private variant located deep in intron 18 of PROM1. In silico and functional analyses of this variant using minigenes as splicing reporters revealed the integration of a pseudoexon in the mutant transcript, thereby leading to a premature termination codon and presumably resulting in a functional null allele. This is the first report of a deep intronic variant that acts as a splicing mutation in PROM1. The detection of such variants escapes the exon-focused techniques typically used in genetic analyses. Sequencing the entire genomic regions of known disease genes might identify more causal mutations in the autosomal recessive form of CRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja K Mayer
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Kohl
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Weisschuh
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Boulanger-Scemama E, El Shamieh S, Démontant V, Condroyer C, Antonio A, Michiels C, Boyard F, Saraiva JP, Letexier M, Souied E, Mohand-Saïd S, Sahel JA, Zeitz C, Audo I. Next-generation sequencing applied to a large French cone and cone-rod dystrophy cohort: mutation spectrum and new genotype-phenotype correlation. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:85. [PMID: 26103963 PMCID: PMC4566196 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cone and cone-rod dystrophies are clinically and genetically heterogeneous inherited retinal disorders with predominant cone impairment. They should be distinguished from the more common group of rod-cone dystrophies (retinitis pigmentosa) due to their more severe visual prognosis with early central vision loss. The purpose of our study was to document mutation spectrum of a large French cohort of cone and cone-rod dystrophies. Methods We applied Next-Generation Sequencing targeting a panel of 123 genes implicated in retinal diseases to 96 patients. A systematic filtering approach was used to identify likely disease causing variants, subsequently confirmed by Sanger sequencing and co-segregation analysis when possible. Results Overall, the likely causative mutations were detected in 62.1 % of cases, revealing 33 known and 35 novel mutations. This rate was higher for autosomal dominant (100 %) than autosomal recessive cases (53.8 %). Mutations in ABCA4 and GUCY2D were responsible for 19.2 % and 29.4 % of resolved cases with recessive and dominant inheritance, respectively. Furthermore, unexpected genotype-phenotype correlations were identified, confirming the complexity of inherited retinal disorders with phenotypic overlap between cone-rod dystrophies and other retinal diseases. Conclusions In summary, this time-efficient approach allowed mutation detection in the most important cohort of cone-rod dystrophies investigated so far covering the largest number of genes. Association of known gene defects with novel phenotypes and mode of inheritance were established. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-015-0300-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Boulanger-Scemama
- INSERM, U968, Paris, F-75012, France.,Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, 17, rue Moreau, Paris, F-75012, France.,CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Said El Shamieh
- INSERM, U968, Paris, F-75012, France.,Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, 17, rue Moreau, Paris, F-75012, France.,CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Vanessa Démontant
- INSERM, U968, Paris, F-75012, France.,Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, 17, rue Moreau, Paris, F-75012, France.,CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Christel Condroyer
- INSERM, U968, Paris, F-75012, France.,Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, 17, rue Moreau, Paris, F-75012, France.,CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Aline Antonio
- INSERM, U968, Paris, F-75012, France.,Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, 17, rue Moreau, Paris, F-75012, France.,CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, F-75012, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU ViewMaintain, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Christelle Michiels
- INSERM, U968, Paris, F-75012, France.,Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, 17, rue Moreau, Paris, F-75012, France.,CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Fiona Boyard
- INSERM, U968, Paris, F-75012, France.,Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, 17, rue Moreau, Paris, F-75012, France.,CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Jean-Paul Saraiva
- IntegraGen SA, Genopole CAMPUS 1 bat G8 FR-91030 EVRY, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Letexier
- IntegraGen SA, Genopole CAMPUS 1 bat G8 FR-91030 EVRY, Paris, France
| | - Eric Souied
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Department of Ophthalmology, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Saddek Mohand-Saïd
- INSERM, U968, Paris, F-75012, France.,Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, 17, rue Moreau, Paris, F-75012, France.,CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, F-75012, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU ViewMaintain, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- INSERM, U968, Paris, F-75012, France.,Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, 17, rue Moreau, Paris, F-75012, France.,CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, F-75012, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU ViewMaintain, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Paris, F-75012, France.,Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, 75019, Paris, France.,Académie des Sciences-Institut de France, 75006, Paris, France.,University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Christina Zeitz
- INSERM, U968, Paris, F-75012, France. .,Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, 17, rue Moreau, Paris, F-75012, France. .,CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, F-75012, France.
| | - Isabelle Audo
- INSERM, U968, Paris, F-75012, France. .,Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, 17, rue Moreau, Paris, F-75012, France. .,CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, F-75012, France. .,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU ViewMaintain, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Paris, F-75012, France. .,University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
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Astudillo L, Sabourdy F, Therville N, Bode H, Ségui B, Andrieu-Abadie N, Hornemann T, Levade T. Human genetic disorders of sphingolipid biosynthesis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:65-76. [PMID: 25141825 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Monogenic defects of sphingolipid biosynthesis have been recently identified in human patients. These enzyme deficiencies affect the synthesis of sphingolipid precursors, ceramides or complex glycosphingolipids. They are transmitted as autosomal recessive or dominant traits, and their resulting phenotypes often replicate the abnormalities seen in murine models deficient for the corresponding enzymes. In quite good agreement with the known critical roles of sphingolipids in cells from the nervous system and the epidermis, these genetic defects clinically manifest as neurological disorders, including paraplegia, epilepsy or peripheral neuropathies, or present with ichthyosis. The present review summarizes the genetic alterations, biochemical changes and clinical symptoms of this new group of inherited metabolic disorders. Hypotheses regarding the molecular pathophysiology and potential treatments of these diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Astudillo
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Team n 4, CHU Rangueil, BP, 84225, 31432, Toulouse, France
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Roosing S, van den Born LI, Sangermano R, Banfi S, Koenekoop RK, Zonneveld-Vrieling MN, Klaver CCW, van Lith-Verhoeven JJC, Cremers FPM, den Hollander AI, Hoyng CB. Mutations in MFSD8, encoding a lysosomal membrane protein, are associated with nonsyndromic autosomal recessive macular dystrophy. Ophthalmology 2015; 122:170-9. [PMID: 25227500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the genetic defects in 2 families with autosomal recessive macular dystrophy with central cone involvement. DESIGN Case series. PARTICIPANTS Two families and a cohort of 244 individuals with various inherited maculopathies and cone disorders. METHODS Genome-wide linkage analysis and exome sequencing were performed in 1 large family with 5 affected individuals. In addition, exome sequencing was performed in the proband of a second family. Subsequent analysis of the identified mutations in 244 patients was performed by Sanger sequencing or restriction enzyme digestion. The medical history of individuals carrying the MFSD8 variants was reviewed and additional ophthalmic examinations were performed, including electroretinography (ERG), multifocal ERG (mfERG), perimetry, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence, and fundus photography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES MFSD8 variants, age at diagnosis, visual acuity, fundus appearance, color vision defects, visual field, ERG, mfERG, fundus autofluorescence, and OCT findings. RESULTS Compound heterozygous variants in MFSD8, a gene encoding a lysosomal transmembrane protein, were identified in 2 families with macular dystrophy with a normal or subnormal ERG, but reduced mfERG. In both families, a heterozygous missense variant p.Glu336Gln was identified, which was predicted to have a mild effect on the protein. In the first family, a protein-truncating variant (p.Glu381*) was identified on the other allele, and in the second family, a variant (c.1102G>C) was identified that results in a splicing defect leading to skipping of exon 11 (p.Lys333Lysfs*3). The p.Glu336Gln allele was found to be significantly enriched in patients with maculopathies and cone disorders (6/488) compared with ethnically matched controls (35/18 682; P < 0.0001), suggesting that it may act as a genetic modifier. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified variants in MFSD8 as a novel cause of nonsyndromic autosomal recessive macular dystrophy with central cone involvement. Affected individuals showed no neurologic features typical for variant late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (vLINCL), a severe and devastating multisystem lysosomal storage disease previously associated with mutations in MFSD8. We propose a genotype-phenotype model in which a combination of a severe and a mild variant cause nonsyndromic macular dystrophy with central cone involvement, and 2 severe mutations cause vLINCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Roosing
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Current affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, Department for Pediatric Brain Diseases, New York, New York
| | | | - Riccardo Sangermano
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandro Banfi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy; Medical Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Robert K Koenekoop
- McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Fujinami K, Zernant J, Chana RK, Wright GA, Tsunoda K, Ozawa Y, Tsubota K, Robson AG, Holder GE, Allikmets R, Michaelides M, Moore AT. Clinical and molecular characteristics of childhood-onset Stargardt disease. Ophthalmology 2014; 122:326-34. [PMID: 25312043 PMCID: PMC4459618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the clinical and molecular characteristics of patients with childhood-onset Stargardt disease (STGD). Design Retrospective case series. Participants Forty-two patients who were diagnosed with STGD in childhood at a single institution between January 2001 and January 2012. Methods A detailed history and a comprehensive ophthalmic examination were undertaken, including color fundus photography, autofluorescence imaging, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and pattern and full-field electroretinograms. The entire coding region and splice sites of ABCA4 were screened using a next-generation, sequencing-based strategy. The molecular genetic findings of childhood-onset STGD patients were compared with those of adult-onset patients. Main Outcome Measures Clinical, imaging, electrophysiologic, and molecular genetic findings. Results The median ages of onset and the median age at baseline examination were 8.5 (range, 3–16) and 12.0 years (range, 7-16), respectively. The median baseline logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity was 0.74. At baseline, 26 of 39 patients (67%) with available photographs had macular atrophy with macular/peripheral flecks; 11 (28%) had macular atrophy without flecks; 1 (2.5%) had numerous flecks without macular atrophy; and 1 (2.5%) had a normal fundus appearance. Flecks were not identified at baseline in 12 patients (31%). SD-OCT detected foveal outer retinal disruption in all 21 patients with available images. Electrophysiologic assessment demonstrated retinal dysfunction confined to the macula in 9 patients (36%), macular and generalized cone dysfunction in 1 subject (4%), and macular and generalized cone and rod dysfunction in 15 individuals (60%). At least 1 disease-causing ABCA4 variant was identified in 38 patients (90%), including 13 novel variants; ≥2 variants were identified in 34 patients (81%). Patients with childhood-onset STGD more frequently harbored 2 deleterious variants (18% vs 5%) compared with patients with adult-onset STGD. Conclusions Childhood-onset STGD is associated with severe visual loss, early morphologic changes, and often generalized retinal dysfunction, despite often having less severe fundus abnormalities on examination. One third of children do not have flecks at presentation. The relatively high proportion of deleterious ABCA4 variants supports the hypothesis that earlier onset disease is often owing to more severe variants in ABCA4 than those found in adult-onset disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Fujinami
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization, Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, UK
| | - Jana Zernant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ravinder K Chana
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, UK
| | - Genevieve A Wright
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, UK
| | - Kazushige Tsunoda
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization, Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Ozawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anthony G Robson
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, UK
| | - Graham E Holder
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, UK
| | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Michel Michaelides
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, UK.
| | - Anthony T Moore
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, UK.
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Homozygous missense variant in the human CNGA3 channel causes cone-rod dystrophy. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:473-80. [PMID: 25052312 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed a large consanguineous Pakistani family (PKAB157) segregating early onset low vision problems. Funduscopic and electroretinographic evaluation of affected individuals revealed juvenile cone-rod dystrophy (CRD) with maculopathy. Other clinical symptoms included loss of color discrimination, photophobia and nystagmus. Whole-exome sequencing, segregation and haplotype analyses demonstrated that a transition variant (c.955T>C; p.(Cys319Arg)) in CNGA3 co-segregated with the CRD phenotype in family PKAB157. The ability of CNGA3 channel to influx calcium in response to agonist, when expressed either alone or together with the wild-type CNGB3 subunit in HEK293 cells, was completely abolished due to p.Cys319Arg variant. Western blotting and immunolocalization studies suggest that a decreased channel density in the HEK293 cell membrane due to impaired folding and/or trafficking of the CNGA3 protein is the main pathogenic effect of the p.Cys319Arg variant. Mutant alleles of the human cone photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGA3) are frequently associated with achromatopsia. In rare cases, variants in CNGA3 are also associated with cone dystrophy, Leber's congenital amaurosis and oligo cone trichromacy. The identification of predicted p.(Cys319Arg) missense variant in CNGA3 expands the repertoire of the known genetic causes of CRD and phenotypic spectrum of CNGA3 alleles.
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CERKL interacts with mitochondrial TRX2 and protects retinal cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1121-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Siemiatkowska AM, Collin RWJ, den Hollander AI, Cremers FPM. Genomic approaches for the discovery of genes mutated in inherited retinal degeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 4:a017137. [PMID: 24939053 PMCID: PMC4109577 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a017137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In view of their high degree of genetic heterogeneity, inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) pose a significant challenge for identifying novel genetic causes. Thus far, more than 200 genes have been found to be mutated in IRDs, which together contain causal variants in >80% of the cases. Accurate genetic diagnostics is particularly important for isolated cases, in which X-linked and de novo autosomal dominant variants are not uncommon. In addition, new gene- or mutation-specific therapies are emerging, underlining the importance of identifying causative mutations in each individual. Sanger sequencing of selected genes followed by cost-effective targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) can identify defects in known IRD-associated genes in the majority of the cases. Exome NGS in combination with genetic linkage or homozygosity mapping studies can aid the identification of the remaining causal genes. As these are thought to be mutated in <1% of the cases, validation through functional modeling in, for example, zebrafish and/or replication through the genotyping of large patient cohorts is required. In the near future, whole genome NGS in combination with transcriptome NGS may reveal mutations that are currently hidden in the noncoding regions of the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Siemiatkowska
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob W J Collin
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Roosing S, Thiadens AAHJ, Hoyng CB, Klaver CCW, den Hollander AI, Cremers FPM. Causes and consequences of inherited cone disorders. Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 42:1-26. [PMID: 24857951 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary cone disorders (CDs) are characterized by defects of the cone photoreceptors or retinal pigment epithelium underlying the macula, and include achromatopsia (ACHM), cone dystrophy (COD), cone-rod dystrophy (CRD), color vision impairment, Stargardt disease (STGD) and other maculopathies. Forty-two genes have been implicated in non-syndromic inherited CDs. Mutations in the 5 genes implicated in ACHM explain ∼93% of the cases. On the contrary, only 21% of CRDs (17 genes) and 25% of CODs (8 genes) have been elucidated. The fact that the large majority of COD and CRD-associated genes are yet to be discovered hints towards the existence of unknown cone-specific or cone-sensitive processes. The ACHM-associated genes encode proteins that fulfill crucial roles in the cone phototransduction cascade, which is the most frequently compromised (10 genes) process in CDs. Another 7 CD-associated proteins are required for transport processes towards or through the connecting cilium. The remaining CD-associated proteins are involved in cell membrane morphogenesis and maintenance, synaptic transduction, and the retinoid cycle. Further novel genes are likely to be identified in the near future by combining large-scale DNA sequencing and transcriptomics technologies. For 31 of 42 CD-associated genes, mammalian models are available, 14 of which have successfully been used for gene augmentation studies. However, gene augmentation for CDs should ideally be developed in large mammalian models with cone-rich areas, which are currently available for only 11 CD genes. Future research will aim to elucidate the remaining causative genes, identify the molecular mechanisms of CD, and develop novel therapies aimed at preventing vision loss in individuals with CD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Roosing
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Zhang X, Ge X, Shi W, Huang P, Min Q, Li M, Yu X, Wu Y, Zhao G, Tong Y, Jin ZB, Qu J, Gu F. Molecular diagnosis of putative Stargardt disease by capture next generation sequencing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95528. [PMID: 24763286 PMCID: PMC3999032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stargardt Disease (STGD) is the commonest genetic form of juvenile or early adult onset macular degeneration, which is a genetically heterogeneous disease. Molecular diagnosis of STGD remains a challenge in a significant proportion of cases. To address this, seven patients from five putative STGD families were recruited. We performed capture next generation sequencing (CNGS) of the probands and searched for potentially disease-causing genetic variants in previously identified retinal or macular dystrophy genes. Seven disease-causing mutations in ABCA4 and two in PROM1 were identified by CNGS, which provides a confident genetic diagnosis in these five families. We also provided a genetic basis to explain the differences among putative STGD due to various mutations in different genes. Meanwhile, we show for the first time that compound heterozygous mutations in PROM1 gene could cause cone-rod dystrophy. Our findings support the enormous potential of CNGS in putative STGD molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianglian Ge
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Development and Planning, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingjie Min
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minghan Li
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinping Yu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaming Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Yi Tong
- Fuzhou Southeastern Eye Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Gu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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