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Laorob T, Ngoenkam J, Nuiyen A, Thitiwuthikiat P, Pejchang D, Thongsuk W, Wichai U, Pongcharoen S, Paensuwan P. Comparative effectiveness of nitro dihydrocapsaicin, new synthetic derivative capsaicinoid, and capsaicin in alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated corneal epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109950. [PMID: 38815789 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Loss of tear homeostasis, characterized by hyperosmolarity of the ocular surface, induces cell damage through inflammation and oxidation. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a sensor for osmotic changes, plays a crucial role as a calcium ion channel in the pathogenesis of hypertonic-related eye diseases. Capsaicin (CAP), a potent phytochemical, alleviates inflammation during oxidative stress events by activating TRPV1. However, the pharmacological use of CAP for eye treatment is limited by its pungency. Nitro dihydrocapsaicin (NDHC) was synthesized with aromatic ring modification of CAP structure to overcome the pungent effect. We compared the molecular features of NDHC and CAP, along with their biological activities in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells, focusing on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The results demonstrated that NDHC maintained cell viability, cell shape, and exhibited lower cytotoxicity compared to CAP-treated cells. Moreover, NDHC prevented oxidative stress and inflammation in HCE cells following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. These findings underscore the beneficial effect of NDHC in alleviating ocular surface inflammation, suggesting that NDHC may serve as an alternative anti-inflammatory agent targeting TRPV1 for improving hyperosmotic stress-induced ocular surface damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanet Laorob
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Ngoenkam
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Aussanee Nuiyen
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Piyanuch Thitiwuthikiat
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Darawan Pejchang
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wanachat Thongsuk
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Uthai Wichai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Pussadee Paensuwan
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
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2
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Ding P, Wang R, He Y. Risk factors for pterygium: Latest research progress on major pathogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2024; 243:109900. [PMID: 38636803 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
A pterygium is a wedge-shaped fibrovascular growth of the conjunctiva membrane that extends onto the cornea, which is the outer layer of the eye. It is also known as surfer's eye. Growth of a pterygium can also occur on the either side of the eye, attaching firmly to the sclera. Pterygia are one of the world's most common ocular diseases. However, the pathogenesis remains unsolved to date. As the pathogenesis of pterygium is closely related to finding the ideal treatment, a clear understanding of the pathogenesis will lead to better treatment and lower the recurrence rate, which is notably high and more difficult to treat than a primary pterygium. Massive studies have recently been conducted to determine the exact causes and mechanism of pterygia. We evaluated the pathogenetic factors ultraviolet radiation, viral infection, tumor suppressor genes p53, growth factors, oxidative stress, apoptosis and neuropeptides in the progression of the disease. The heightened expression of TRPV1 suggests its potential contribution in the occurrence of pterygium, promoting its inflammation and modulating sensory responses in ocular tissues. Subsequently, the developmental mechanism of pterygium, along with its correlation with dry eye disease is proposed to facilitate the identification of pathogenetic factors for pterygia, contributing to the advancement of understanding in this area and may lead to improved surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Ding
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ruiqing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yuxi He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin Province, China.
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3
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Zhang X, Wang F, Su Y. TRPV: An emerging target in glaucoma and optic nerve damage. Exp Eye Res 2024; 239:109784. [PMID: 38199261 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels are members of the TRP channel superfamily, which are ion channels that sense mechanical and osmotic stimuli and participate in Ca2+ signalling across the cell membrane. TRPV channels play important roles in maintaining the normal functions of an organism, and defects or abnormalities in TRPV channel function cause a range of diseases, including cardiovascular, neurological and urological disorders. Glaucoma is a group of chronic progressive optic nerve diseases with pathological changes that can occur in the tissues of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye, including the ciliary body, trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's canal, and retina. TRPV channels are expressed in these tissues and play various roles in glaucoma. In this article, we review various aspects of the pathogenesis of glaucoma, the structure and function of TRPV channels, the relationship between TRPV channels and systemic diseases, and the relationship between TRPV channels and ocular diseases, especially glaucoma, and we suggest future research directions. This information will help to further our understanding of TRPV channels and provide new ideas and targets for the treatment of glaucoma and optic nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Ying Su
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Harrell CR, Feulner L, Djonov V, Pavlovic D, Volarevic V. The Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Tear Hyperosmolarity-Induced Pathological Changes in the Eyes of Dry Eye Disease Patients. Cells 2023; 12:2755. [PMID: 38067183 PMCID: PMC10706334 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder of the lacrimal system and ocular surface, characterized by a deficiency in the quality and/or quantity of the tear fluid. The multifactorial nature of DED encompasses a number of interconnected underlying pathologies, including loss of homeostasis, instability and hyperosmolarity of the tears, and the induction and propagation of detrimental inflammatory responses in the eyes, which finally results in the development of neurosensory dysfunction and visual disruption. Dryness, grittiness, scratchiness, discomfort, inflammation, burning, watering, ocular fatigue, pain, and decreased functional visual acuity are common symptoms of DED. Eye dysfunction drastically attenuates patients' quality of life. Accordingly, a better understanding of the pathogenic processes that regulate the development and progression of DED is crucially important for the establishment of new and more effective DED-related treatment approaches, which would significantly improve the quality of life of DED patients. Since the process of osmoregulation, which guards the ocular surface epithelia and maintains normal vision, is affected when the osmolarity of the tears is greater than that of the epithelial cells, tear hyperosmolarity (THO) is considered an initial, important step in the development, progression, and aggravation of DED. In order to delineate the role of THO in the pathogenesis of DED, in this review article, we summarize current knowledge related to the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of THO-induced pathological changes in the eyes of DED patients, and we briefly discuss the therapeutic potential of hypo-osmotic eye drops in DED treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Randall Harrell
- Regenerative Processing Plant, LLC, 34176 US Highway 19 N, Palm Harbor, FL 34684, USA;
| | - Lisa Feulner
- Advanced Eye Care & Aesthetics, 104 Plumtree Rd Suite 107, Bel Air, MD 21015, USA;
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Dragica Pavlovic
- Departments of Genetics and Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Departments of Genetics and Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
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Stuard Sambhariya W, Trautmann IJ, Robertson DM. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 mediates hyperosmolar stress-induced mitophagy through the mechanistic target of rapamycin. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105239. [PMID: 37690686 PMCID: PMC10637961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperosmolarity of the ocular surface triggers inflammation and pathological damage in dry eye disease (DED). In addition to a reduction in quality of life, DED causes vision loss and when severe, blindness. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs as a consequence of hyperosmolar stress. We have previously reported on a role for the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in the regulation of mitochondrial ultrastructure and metabolism in mucosal surface epithelial cells; however, this appears to be context-specific. Due to the finding that IGFBP-3 expression is decreased in response to hyperosmolar stress in vitro and in an animal model of DED, we next sought to determine whether the hyperosmolar stress-mediated decrease in IGFBP-3 alters mitophagy, a key mitochondrial quality control mechanism. Here we show that hyperosmolar stress induces mitophagy through differential regulation of BNIP3L/NIX and PINK1-mediated pathways. In corneal epithelial cells, this was independent of p62. The addition of exogenous IGFBP-3 abrogated the increase in mitophagy. This occurred through regulation of mTOR, highlighting the existence of a new IGFBP-3-mTOR signaling pathway. Together, these findings support a novel role for IGFBP-3 in mediating mitochondrial quality control in DED and have broad implications for epithelial tissues subject to hyperosmolar stress and other mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Stuard Sambhariya
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ian J Trautmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Danielle M Robertson
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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6
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Cai Y, Chen J, Sun H, Zhou T, Cai X, Fu Y. Crosstalk between TRPV1 and immune regulation in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Clin Immunol 2023; 254:109701. [PMID: 37482117 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is the leading indication for corneal transplantation worldwide. Our aim was to investigate the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) and the associated immune regulation contributing to this pathological condition. Significant upregulation of TRPV1 was detected in the H2O2-induced in vitro FECD model. Based on gene expression microarray dataset GSE142538 and in vitro results, a comprehensive immune landscape was studied and a negative correlation was found between TRPV1 with different immune cells, especially regulatory T cells (Tregs). Functional analyses of the 313 TRPV1-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed the involvement of TRP-regulated calcium transport, as well as inflammatory and immune pathways. Four TRPV1-related core genes (MAPK14, GNB1, GNAQ, and ARRB2) were screened, validated by microarray dataset GSE112039 and the combined validation dataset E-GEAD-399 & 564, and verified by in vitro experiments. Our study suggested a potential crosstalk between TRPV1 and immune regulation contributing to FECD pathogenesis. The identified pivotal biomarkers and immune-related pathways provide a novel framework for future mechanistic and therapeutic studies of FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyao Cai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Coco G, Ambrosini G, Poletti S, Meliante LA, Taloni A, Scorcia V, Giannaccare G. Recent advances in drug treatments for dry eye disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:2059-2079. [PMID: 37804227 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2269090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular condition with a significant impact on patients' quality of life. Conventional treatments include behavioral changes, tear substitutes, and anti-inflammatory agents; however, recent advances in the understanding of DED pathogenesis have opened the way to the development of novel treatment strategies able to target several pathways involved in the onset and persistence of DED. AREAS COVERED Literature search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus around the term 'dry eye disease' and others involving its pathophysiology and therapeutic strategy. The primary focus was on recent drugs approved by FDA or under investigation in phase 3 clinical trials. Google and ClinicalTrials.gov were used for obtaining information about the status of FDA approval and ongoing clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Due to its multifaced pathogenesis, DED management is often challenging, and patients' needs are frequently unmet. Recently, several novel treatments have been either FDA-approved or studied in late-phase trials. These novel drugs target-specific biological components of the ocular surface and reduce inflammation and ocular pain. Additionally, new drug delivery systems allow for increased bioavailability, improve effective dosing, and minimize ocular side effects. These advances in drug therapies show real promise for better management of DED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Coco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Ambrosini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Poletti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Antonia Meliante
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Taloni
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
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Lucius A, Chhatwal S, Valtink M, Reinach PS, Li A, Pleyer U, Mergler S. L-Carnitine Suppresses Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 Activation in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11815. [PMID: 37511574 PMCID: PMC10380586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tear film hyperosmolarity induces dry eye syndrome (DES) through transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) activation. L-carnitine is a viable therapeutic agent since it protects against this hypertonicity-induced response. Here, we investigated whether L-carnitine inhibits TRPV1 activation by blocking heat- or capsaicin-induced increases in Ca2+ influx or hyperosmotic stress-induced cell volume shrinkage in a human corneal epithelial cell line (HCE-T). Single-cell fluorescence imaging of calcein/AM-loaded cells or fura-2/AM-labeled cells was used to evaluate cell volume changes and intracellular calcium levels, respectively. Planar patch-clamp technique was used to measure whole-cell currents. TRPV1 activation via either capsaicin (20 µmol/L), hyperosmolarity (≈450 mosmol/L) or an increase in ambient bath temperature to 43 °C induced intracellular calcium transients and augmented whole-cell currents, whereas hypertonicity induced cell volume shrinkage. In contrast, either capsazepine (10 µmol/L) or L-carnitine (1-3 mmol/L) reduced all these responses. Taken together, L-carnitine and capsazepine suppress hypertonicity-induced TRPV1 activation by blocking cell volume shrinkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lucius
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sirjan Chhatwal
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Valtink
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, TU Dresden, 01216 Dresden, Germany
- Equality and Diversity Unit, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter S Reinach
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Aruna Li
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Pleyer
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Mergler
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Sun CC, Lee SY, Chen LH, Lai CH, Shen ZQ, Chen NN, Lai YS, Tung CY, Tzeng TY, Chiu WT, Tsai TF. Targeting Ca 2+-dependent pathways to promote corneal epithelial wound healing induced by CISD2 deficiency. Cell Signal 2023:110755. [PMID: 37315750 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic epithelial defects of the cornea, which are usually associated with severe dry eye disease, diabetes mellitus, chemical injuries or neurotrophic keratitis, as well as aging, are an unmet clinical need. CDGSH Iron Sulfur Domain 2 (CISD2) is the causative gene for Wolfram syndrome 2 (WFS2; MIM 604928). CISD2 protein is significantly decreased in the corneal epithelium of patients with various corneal epithelial diseases. Here we summarize the most updated publications and discuss the central role of CISD2 in corneal repair, as well as providing new results describing how targeting Ca2+-dependent pathways can improve corneal epithelial regeneration. This review mainly focuses on the following topics. Firstly, an overview of the cornea and of corneal epithelial wound healing. The key players involved in this process, such as Ca2+, various growth factors/cytokines, extracellular matrix remodeling, focal adhesions and proteinases, are briefly discussed. Secondly, it is well known that CISD2 plays an essential role in corneal epithelial regeneration via the maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. CISD2 deficiency dysregulates cytosolic Ca2+, impairs cell proliferation and migration, decreases mitochondrial function and increases oxidative stress. As a consequence, these abnormalities bring about poor epithelial wound healing and this, in turn, will lead to persistent corneal regeneration and limbal progenitor cell exhaustion. Thirdly, CISD2 deficiency induces three distinct Ca2+-dependent pathways, namely the calcineurin, CaMKII and PKCα signaling pathways. Intriguingly, inhibition of each of the Ca2+-dependent pathways seems to reverse cytosolic Ca2+ dysregulation and restore cell migration during corneal wound healing. Notably, cyclosporin, an inhibitor of calcineurin, appears to have a dual effect on both inflammatory and corneal epithelial cells. Finally, corneal transcriptomic analyses have revealed that there are six major functional groupings of differential expression genes when CISD2 deficiency is present: (1) inflammation and cell death; (2) cell proliferation, migration and differentiation; (3) cell adhesion, junction and interaction; (4) Ca2+ homeostasis; (5) wound healing and extracellular matrix; and (6) oxidative stress and aging. This review highlights the importance of CISD2 in corneal epithelial regeneration and identifies the potential of repurposing venerable FDA-approved drugs that target Ca2+-dependent pathways for new uses, namely treating chronic epithelial defects of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chin Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsien Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Lai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Qing Shen
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Ni Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shyun Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Tung
- Genomics Center for Clinical and Biotechnological Applications, Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yu Tzeng
- Genomics Center for Clinical and Biotechnological Applications, Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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10
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Zhu Y, Nasiri R, Davoodi E, Zhang S, Saha S, Linn M, Jiang L, Haghniaz R, Hartel MC, Jucaud V, Dokmeci MR, Herland A, Toyserkani E, Khademhosseini A. A Microfluidic Contact Lens to Address Contact Lens-Induced Dry Eye. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207017. [PMID: 36564357 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The contact lens (CL) industry has made great strides in improving CL-wearing experiences. However, a large amount of CL wearers continue to experience ocular dryness, known as contact lens-induced dry eye (CLIDE), stemming from the reduction in tear volume, tear film instability, increased tear osmolarity followed by inflammation and resulting in ocular discomfort and visual disturbances. In this article, to address tear film thinning between the CL and the ocular surface, the concept of using a CL with microchannels to deliver the tears from the pre-lens tear film (PrLTF) to the post-lens ocular surface using in vitro eye-blink motion is investigated. This study reports an eye-blink mimicking system with microfluidic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA)) hydrogel with integrated microchannels to demonstrate eye-blink assisted flow through microchannels. This in vitro experimental study provides a proof-of-concept result that tear transport from PrLTF to post-lens tear film can be enhanced by an artificial eyelid motion in a pressure range of 0.1-5 kPa (similar to human eyelid pressure) through poly(HEMA) microchannels. Simulation is conducted to support the hypothesis. This work demonstrates the feasibility of developing microfluidic CLs with the potential to help prevent or minimize CLIDE and discomfort by the enhanced transport of pre-lens tears to the post-lens ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, 17165, Sweden
| | - Elham Davoodi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sourav Saha
- CooperVision Inc., Pleasanton, CA, 94588, USA
| | | | - Lu Jiang
- CooperVision Inc., Pleasanton, CA, 94588, USA
| | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Martin C Hartel
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Anna Herland
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, 17165, Sweden
| | - Ehsan Toyserkani
- Multi-scale Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
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Cai Y, Zhou T, Chen J, Cai X, Fu Y. Uncovering the role of transient receptor potential channels in pterygium: a machine learning approach. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:589-602. [PMID: 36692516 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed at identifying the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in pterygium. METHODS Based on microarray data GSE83627 and GSE2513, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and 20 hub genes were selected. After gene correlation analysis, 5 TRP-related genes were obtained and functional analyses of gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed. Multifactor regulatory network including mRNA, microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) was constructed. The 5 gene TRP signature for pterygium was validated by multiple machine learning (ML) programs including support vector classifiers (SVC), random forest (RF), and k-nearest neighbors (KNN). Additionally, we outlined the immune microenvironment and analyzed the candidate drugs. Finally, in vitro experiments were performed using human conjunctival epithelial cells (CjECs) to confirm the bioinformatics results. RESULTS Five TRP-related genes (MCOLN1, MCOLN3, TRPM3, TRPM6, and TRPM8) were validated by ML algorithms. Functional analyses revealed the participation of lysosome and TRP-regulated inflammatory pathways. A comprehensive immune infiltration landscape and TFs-miRNAs-mRNAs network was studied, which indicated several therapeutic targets (LEF1 and hsa-miR-455-3p). Through correlation analysis, MCOLN3 was proposed as the most promising immune-related biomarker. In vitro experiments further verified the reliability of our in silico results and demonstrated that the 5 TRP-related genes could influence the proliferation and proinflammatory signaling in conjunctival tissue contributing to the pathogenesis of pterygium. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that TRP channels played an essential role in the pathogenesis of pterygium. The identified pivotal biomarkers (especially MCOLN3) and pathways provide novel directions for future mechanistic and therapeutic studies for pterygium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyao Cai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
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Changes in TRPV1 Expression as Well as Substance P and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Levels Are Associated with Recurrence of Pterygium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415692. [PMID: 36555331 PMCID: PMC9779225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterygium, a disease of the ocular surface, is characterized by the proliferation and invasion of fibrovascular tissue. Chronic inflammation contributes to pterygium occurrence. Sensory neuropeptides of TRPV1-positive nerve fibers are involved in inflammation and corneal wound healing. The possible association between TRPV1 in nerve fibers and neuropeptides such as Substance P (SP) and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) in the recurrence of pterygium has not been examined before. The pterygia from 64 patients were used to determine changes in SP and VIP levels using 10 min acetic-acid extraction that yielded mainly neuronal peptides. There was a sufficient amount of pterygium tissues from the 35 patients for further immunohistochemical analysis of TRPV1 and S100, which is a glial marker to visualize nerve fibers. SP and VIP levels increased markedly in cases with primary and secondary recurrences, and there was a close correlation between SP and VIP levels. TRPV1 expression increased in the epithelium, while stromal expression decreased in recurrences. Nerve fibers were demonstrated mainly in the stroma, and serial sections confirmed the localization of TRPV1 with the nerve fibers. These results together with previous findings demonstrated that the increased epithelial expression of TRPV1 in recurrent pterygia might be involved in the pathogenesis, and the inhibition of epithelial TRPV1 activity may prevent recurrence.
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13
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Yang S, Chen W, Jin S, Luo G, Jing X, Liu Q, Reinach PS, Qu J, Yan D. SUV39H1 regulates corneal epithelial wound healing via H3K9me3-mediated repression of p27. EYE AND VISION 2022; 9:4. [PMID: 35101125 PMCID: PMC8805298 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-022-00275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Corneal epithelial wound healing (CEWH) is vital for maintaining the integrity and barrier function of the cornea. Although histone modifications mediating gene expression patterns is fundamental in some other tissues, it remains unclear whether these gene regulation patterns underlie CEWH. Suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1 (SUV39H1) plays a vital role in mediating gene silencing via histone H3 trimethylation of lysine 9 (H3K9me3). This study aims to characterize the comprehensive signature of epigenetic modifiers and determine the role of SUV39H1 in CEWH. Methods NanoString nCounter technology was used to detect the differentially expressed epigenetic modifiers during CEWH. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to reveal their involvement in this process. After knockdown of SUV39H1 with siRNA transfection, we determined the function of SUV39H1 on cell proliferation and migration in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) via MTS, EdU, and wound-healing assay, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis further confirmed the effect of SUV39H1 on the cell cycle of HCECs. Loss-of-function assays for SUV39H1 with siRNA injection or chaetocin assessed the role of SUV39H1 on CEWH in vivo. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting characterized the expression of SUV39H1 and its target genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to evaluate the distributions of H3K9me3 marks at the promoters of SUV39H1 target genes. Results We first identified 92 differentially expressed epigenetic modifiers and revealed their involvement during CEWH. SUV39H1 was confirmed to be upregulated in response to corneal injury. Its downregulation significantly inhibited HCEC proliferation and retarded in vivo CEWH. Furthermore, knockdown of SUV39H1 upregulated the p27 expression level and reduced H3K9me3 marks at p27 promoter in HCECs. In addition, p27 was remarkably downregulated with elevated H3K9me3 marks at its promoter during in vivo CEWH. Conclusions SUV39H1 plays a critical role in regulating corneal epithelial cell proliferation via H3K9me3-mediated suppression of p27 during CEWH. Our findings suggest that epigenetic modifiers such as SUV39H1 can be potential therapeutic approaches to accelerate corneal repair. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40662-022-00275-5.
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14
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Cao D, Wang S, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Cao J, Liu Y, Zhou H. KRAB family is involved in network shifts in response to osmotic stress in camels. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:348-357. [PMID: 36605583 PMCID: PMC9809417 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2143894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A feature of the camel is its tolerance to osmotic stress. However, few studies of osmotic stress in vivo or comparative analyses between different tissues of the camel have been performed. Here, we report the roles of Krüppel-associated box domain containing zinc-finger repressor proteins (KRAB-ZFPs) in transcriptional networks under osmotic stress in camels by analyzing transcriptomes of four different tissues under various osmotic conditions. We found that 273 of 278 KRAB-ZFPs were expressed in our data set, being involved in all of the 65 identified networks and exhibiting their extensive functional diversity. We also found that 110 KRAB-ZFPs were hub genes involved in more than half of the networks. We demonstrated that the osmotic stress response is involved in network shifts and that KRAB-ZFPs mediate this process. Finally, we presented the diverse mechanisms of osmotic stress responses in different tissues. These results revealed the genetic architecture of systematic physiological response in vivo to osmotic stress in camels. Our work will lead to new directions for studying the mechanism of osmotic stress response in anti-arid mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Cao
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China,Sheep Collaboration and Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junwei Cao
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongbin Liu
- Sheep Collaboration and Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanmin Zhou
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China,Sheep Collaboration and Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China, Huanmin Zhou College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia010018, People’s Republic of China; Sheep Collaboration and Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia University, No. 235 Daxue West Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia010021, People’s Republic of China
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Parkia platycephala Lectin (PPL) Inhibits Orofacial Nociception Responses via TRPV1 Modulation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217506. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are a heterogeneous group of proteins that reversibly bind to simple sugars or complex carbohydrates. The plant lectin purified from the seed of Parkia platycephala (PPL) was studied. This study aimed to investigate the possible orofacial antinociceptive of PPL lectin in adult zebrafish and rodents. Acute nociception was induced by cinnamaldehyde (0.66 μg/mL), 0.1% acidified saline, glutamate (12.5 µM) or hypertonic saline (5 M NaCl) applied into the upper lip (5.0 µL) of adult wild zebrafish. Zebrafish were pretreated by intraperitoneal injection (20 µL) with vehicle (Control) or PPL (0.025; 0.05 or 0.1 mg/mL) 30 min before induction. The effect of PPL on zebrafish locomotor behaviour was evaluated in the open field test. Naive groups were included in all tests. In one experiment, animals were pre-treated with capsazepine to investigate the mechanism of antinociception. The involvement of central afferent C-fibres was also investigated. In another experiment, rats pre-treated with PPL or saline were submitted to the temporomandibular joint formalin test. Other groups of rats were submitted to infraorbital nerve transection to induce chronic pain, followed by induction of mechanical sensitivity using von Frey. PPL reduced nociceptive behaviour in adult zebrafish, and this is related to the activation of the TRPV1 channels since antinociception was effectively inhibited by capsazepine and by capsaicin-induced desensitization. PPL reduced nociceptive behaviour associated with temporomandibular joint and neuropathic pain. The results confirm the potential pharmacological relevance of PPL as an inhibitor of orofacial nociception in acute and chronic pain.
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16
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Bernal-Cepeda LJ, Velandia-Romero ML, Castellanos JE. Capsazepine antagonizes TRPV1 activation induced by thermal and osmotic stimuli in human odontoblast-like cells. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2022; 13:71-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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17
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Pucker AD, Ngo W, Postnikoff CK, Fortinberry H, Nichols JJ. Tear Film miRNAs and Their Association With Human Dry Eye Disease. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:1479-1487. [PMID: 35930289 PMCID: PMC9762462 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE miRNAs can regulate inflammatory pathways. The purpose of this work was to determine if inflammatory-related tear film miRNAs are associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) in human non-Sjögren's Syndrome dry eye disease (DED) participants. METHODS Five DED and 5 non-DED human participants were recruited. Tears samples were collected by washing the ocular surface of both eyes with phosphate buffered saline, pooling samples from the right and left eyes, and purifying EVs from the samples with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 precipitation procedure. Samples were directly analyzed via ELISA or transmission electron microscopy (TEM), or RNA was isolated first from the EVs and evaluated with RNA-Seq. RESULTS EVs were identified in the tear film of both groups using TEM and ELISA. Following EV purification and RNA isolation, RNA-Seq determined that there were 126 EV miRNAs differentially expressed between the two groups when comparing their RNA cargoes. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis found 9 upregulated miRNAs that were associated with inflammation (miR-127-5p, miR-1273h-3p, miR-1288-5p, miR-130b-5p, miR-139-3p, miR-1910-5p, miR-203b-5p, miR-22-5p, and miR-4632-3p; all p < 0.049; fold regulation range = 1.43-1.67). CONCLUSION This study determined that EVs are present in the tear film and that tear EVs contain miRNAs that may be associated with DED inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Pucker
- School of Optometry, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - William Ngo
- School of Optometry, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Cameron K Postnikoff
- School of Optometry, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Henry Fortinberry
- School of Optometry, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jason J Nichols
- School of Optometry, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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18
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Asiedu K. Role of ocular surface neurobiology in neuronal-mediated inflammation in dry eye disease. Neuropeptides 2022; 95:102266. [PMID: 35728484 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is the consequence of dry eye disease regardless of its etiology. Several injurious or harmless processes to the ocular surface neurons promote ocular surface neurogenic inflammation, leading to the vicious cycle of dry eye disease. These processes include the regular release of neuromediators during the conduction of ocular surface sensations, hyperosmolarity-induced ocular surface neuronal damage, neuro-regenerative activities, and neuronal-mediated dendritic cell activities. Neurogenic inflammation appears to be the main culprit, instigating the self-perpetuating inflammation observed in patients with dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Asiedu
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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19
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Transient Receptor Potential Channels: Important Players in Ocular Pain and Dry Eye Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091859. [PMID: 36145607 PMCID: PMC9506338 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder in which the eyes respond to minor stimuli with abnormal sensations, such as dryness, blurring, foreign body sensation, discomfort, irritation, and pain. Corneal pain, as one of DED’s main symptoms, has gained recognition due to its increasing prevalence, morbidity, and the resulting social burden. The cornea is the most innervated tissue in the body, and the maintenance of corneal integrity relies on a rich density of nociceptors, such as polymodal nociceptor neurons, cold thermoreceptor neurons, and mechano-nociceptor neurons. Their sensory responses to different stimulating forces are linked to the specific expression of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. TRP channels are a group of unique ion channels that play important roles as cellular sensors for various stimuli. These channels are nonselective cation channels with variable Ca2+ selectivity. TRP homologs are a superfamily of 28 different members that are subdivided into 7 different subfamilies based on differences in sequence homology. Many of these subtypes are expressed in the eye on both neuronal and non-neuronal cells, where they affect various stress-induced regulatory responses essential for normal vision maintenance. This article reviews the current knowledge about the expression, function, and regulation of TRPs in ocular surface tissues. We also describe their implication in DED and ocular pain. These findings contribute to evidence suggesting that drug-targeting TRP channels may be of therapeutic benefit in the clinical setting of ocular pain.
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20
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Miyano T, Suzuki A, Sakamoto N. Calcium influx through TRPV4 channels involve in hyperosmotic stress-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tubular epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 617:48-54. [PMID: 35689842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process that occurs in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases in which injured tubular epithelial cells transform into myofibroblasts. We previously showed that mannitol-mediated hyperosmotic stress induces EMT of tubular epithelial cells. Although Ca2+ signaling is essential for the induction of EMT in tubular epithelial cells, the role of specific calcium channels is unknown. In this study, we assessed the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4)-mediated Ca2+ influx in the hyperosmolarity-induced EMT. The Fluo-4 assay was used to examine the effect of hyperosmotic stress on the intracellular Ca2+ level of normal rat kidney (NRK)-52E cells. Expression of a mesenchymal marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and an epithelial marker E-cadherin was also observed by fluorescence microscopy. The hyperosmotic stress caused a transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration as well as a decrease in E-cadherin and an increase in α-SMA expressions in tubular epithelial cells, indicating the induction of EMT. A TRPV4 channel antagonist inhibited hyperosmotic stress-induced Ca2+ influx and the EMT, whereas, a TRPV4 channel agonist increased Ca2+ influx and EMT induction in tubular epithelial cells without the hyperosmotic stress. These findings suggest that Ca2+ influx through TRPV4 channels contributes to the hyperosmotic stress-induced EMT of tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miyano
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.
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21
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Corneal nerves and their role in dry eye pathophysiology. Exp Eye Res 2022; 222:109191. [PMID: 35850173 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the cornea is densely innervated, its nerves are integral not only to its structure but also to its pathophysiology. Corneal integrity depends on a protective tear film that is maintained by corneal sensation and the reflex arcs that control tearing and blinking. Furthermore, corneal nerves promote epithelial growth and local immunoregulation. Thus, corneal nerves constitute pillars of ocular surface homeostasis. Conversely, the abnormal tear film in dry eye favors corneal epithelial and nerve damage. The ensuing corneal nerve dysfunction contributes to dry eye progression, ocular pain and discomfort, and other neuropathic symptoms. Recent evidence from clinical studies and animal models highlight the significant but often overlooked neural dimension of dry eye pathophysiology. Herein, we review the anatomy and physiology of corneal nerves before exploring their role in the mechanisms of dry eye disease.
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22
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Camponogara C, Oliveira SM. Are TRPA1 and TRPV1 channel-mediated signalling cascades involved in UVB radiation-induced sunburn? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103836. [PMID: 35248760 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Burn injuries are underappreciated injuries associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation has dramatic clinical effects in humans and is a significant public health concern. Although the mechanisms underlying UVB exposure are not fully understood, many studies have made substantial progress in the pathophysiology of sunburn in terms of its molecular aspects in the last few years. It is well established that the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels modulate the inflammatory, oxidative, and proliferative processes underlying UVB radiation exposure. However, it is still unknown which mechanisms underlying TRPV1/A1 channel activation are elicited in sunburn induced by UVB radiation. Therefore, in this review, we give an overview of the TRPV1/A1 channel-mediated signalling cascades that may be involved in the pathophysiology of sunburn induced by UVB radiation. These data will undoubtedly help to explain the various features of sunburn and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to better treat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Camponogara
- Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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23
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Stuard WL, Guner MK, Robertson DM. IGFBP-3 Regulates Mitochondrial Hyperfusion and Metabolic Activity in Ocular Surface Epithelia during Hyperosmolar Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074066. [PMID: 35409425 PMCID: PMC9000157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the eye, hyperosmolarity of the precorneal tear film triggers inflammation and the development of dry eye disease (DED), a highly prevalent condition that causes depression and disability in severe forms. A member of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family, the IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), is a pleiotropic protein with known roles in growth downregulation and survival. IGFBP-3 exerts these effects by blocking IGF-1 activation of the type 1 IGF-receptor (IGF-1R). Here, we examined a new IGF-independent role for IGFBP-3 in the regulation of mitochondrial and metabolic activity in ocular surface epithelial cells subject to hyperosmolar stress and in a mouse model of DED. We found that hyperosmolar stress decreased IGFBP-3 expression in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with exogenous IGFBP-3 induced an early, transient shift in IGF-1R to mitochondria, followed by IGFBP-3 nuclear accumulation. IGFBP-3 nuclear accumulation increased protein translation, blocked the hyperosmolar-mediated decrease in oxidative phosphorylation through the induction of mitochondrial hyperfusion, and restored corneal health in vivo. These data indicate that IGFBP-3 acts a stress response protein in ocular surface epithelia subject to hyperosmolar stress. These findings may lead to the development of first-in-class therapeutics to treat eye diseases with underlying mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Yang S, Wu Y, Wang C, Jin X. Ocular Surface Ion-Channels Are Closely Related to Dry Eye: Key Research Focus on Innovative Drugs for Dry Eye. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:830853. [PMID: 35308542 PMCID: PMC8927818 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.830853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundant ion-channels, including various perceptual receptors, chloride channels, purinergic receptor channels, and water channels that exist on the ocular surface, play an important role in the pathogenesis of dry eye. Channel-targeting activators or inhibitor compounds, which have shown positive effects in in vivo and in vitro experiments, have become the focus of the dry eye drug research and development, and individual compounds have been applied in clinical experimental treatment. This review summarized various types of ion-channels on the ocular surface related to dry eye, their basic functions, and spatial distribution, and discussed basic and clinical research results of various channel receptor regulatory compounds. Therefore, further elucidating the relationship between ion-channels and dry eye will warrant research of dry eye targeted drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaying Wu
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - ChunYang Wang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuming Jin
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Messmer EM. Pathophysiology of dry eye disease and novel therapeutic targets. Exp Eye Res 2022; 217:108944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Akhilesh, Uniyal A, Gadepalli A, Tiwari V, Allani M, Chouhan D, Ummadisetty O, Verma N, Tiwari V. Unlocking the potential of TRPV1 based siRNA therapeutics for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Life Sci 2022; 288:120187. [PMID: 34856209 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP) is among the most common clinical complications associated with the use of anti-cancer drugs. CINP occurs in nearly 68.1% of the cancer patients receiving chemotherapeutic drugs. Most of the clinically available analgesics are ineffective in the case of CINP patients as the pathological mechanisms involved with different chemotherapeutic drugs are distinct from each other. CINP triggers the somatosensory nervous system, increases the neuronal firing and activation of nociceptive mediators including transient receptor protein vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). TRPV1 is widely present in the peripheral nociceptive nerve cells and it has been reported that the higher expression of TRPV1 in DRGs serves a critical role in the potentiation of CINP. The therapeutic glory of TRPV1 is well recognized in clinics which gives a promising insight into the treatment of pain. But the adverse effects associated with some of the antagonists directed the scientists towards RNA interference (RNAi), a tool to silence gene expression. Thus, ongoing research is focused on developing small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapeutics targeting TRPV1. In this review, we have discussed the involvement of TRPV1 in the nociceptive signaling associated with CINP and targeting this nociceptor, using siRNA will potentially arm us with effective therapeutic interventions for the clinical management of CINP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Uniyal
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anagha Gadepalli
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vineeta Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meghana Allani
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Chouhan
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Obulapathi Ummadisetty
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nimisha Verma
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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García-Rodríguez C, Bravo-Tobar ID, Duarte Y, Barrio LC, Sáez JC. Contribution of non-selective membrane channels and receptors in epilepsy. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107980. [PMID: 34481811 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming refractory epilepsy's resistance to the combination of antiepileptic drugs (AED), mitigating side effects, and preventing sudden unexpected death in epilepsy are critical goals for therapy of this disorder. Current therapeutic strategies are based primarily on neurocentric mechanisms, overlooking the participation of astrocytes and microglia in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. This review is focused on a set of non-selective membrane channels (permeable to ions and small molecules), including channels and ionotropic receptors of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, such as: the hemichannels formed by Cx43 and Panx1; the purinergic P2X7 receptors; the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1 and TRPV4) channels; calcium homeostasis modulators (CALHMs); transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels; transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channels; voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) and volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs), which all have in common being activated by epileptic activity and the capacity to exacerbate seizure intensity. Specifically, we highlight evidence for the activation of these channels/receptors during epilepsy including neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, discuss signaling pathways and feedback mechanisms, and propose the functions of each of them in acute and chronic epilepsy. Studying the role of these non-selective membrane channels in epilepsy and identifying appropriate blockers for one or more of them could provide complementary therapies to better alleviate the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia García-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Neurociencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Iván D Bravo-Tobar
- Instituto de Neurociencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Yorley Duarte
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis C Barrio
- Hospital Ramon y Cajal-IRYCIS, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica de la Universidad Politécnica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Instituto de Neurociencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile.
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Ishida K, Yako T, Tanaka M, Otsu W, Nakamura S, Shimazawa M, Tsusaki H, Hara H. Free-Radical Scavenger NSP-116 Protects the Corneal Epithelium against UV-A and Blue LED Light Exposure. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:937-946. [PMID: 34193689 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The corneal epithelium is continuously exposed to oxygen, light, and environmental substances. Excessive exposure to those stresses is thought to be a risk factor for eye diseases. Photokeratitis is damage to the corneal epithelium resulting in a painful eye condition caused by unprotected exposure to UV rays, usually from sunlight, and is often found in people who spend a long time outdoors. In modern life, human eyes are exposed to artificial light from light-emitting diode (LED) displays of computers and smartphones, and it has been shown that short-wavelength (blue) LED light can damage eyes, especially photoreceptors. However, the effect of blue LED light on the cornea is less understood. In addition, it is important to develop new treatments for preserving human eyesight and eye health from light stress. Here, we used human corneal epithelial cells-transformed (HCE-T) cells as an in-vitro model to investigate the protective effect of NSP-116, an imidazolyl aniline derivative, against the oxidative stress induced by light in the corneal epithelium. Treatment with 10 µM NSP-116 significantly increased the cell viability and reduced the death ratio following UV or blue LED light exposure. Furthermore, NSP-116 treatment decreased light-induced reactive oxygen species production and preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential. Immunoblotting data showed that NSP-116 suppressed the stress response pathway. Finally, NSP-116 treatment prevented corneal epithelial apoptosis induced by blue LED light in an in-vivo mouse model. In conclusion, NSP-116 has a protective effect against oxidative stress and corneal cell death from both UV and blue LED light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Ishida
- Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tomohiro Yako
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Miruto Tanaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Wataru Otsu
- Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University.,Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hideshi Tsusaki
- Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University.,Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
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Martinez-Carrasco R, Argüeso P, Fini ME. Membrane-associated mucins of the human ocular surface in health and disease. Ocul Surf 2021; 21:313-330. [PMID: 33775913 PMCID: PMC8328898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucins are a family of high molecular weight, heavily-glycosylated proteins produced by wet epithelial tissues, including the ocular surface epithelia. Densely-packed O-linked glycan chains added post-translationally confer the biophysical properties of hydration, lubrication, anti-adhesion and repulsion. Membrane-associated mucins (MAMs) are the distinguishing components of the mucosal glycocalyx. At the ocular surface, MAMs maintain wetness, lubricate the blink, stabilize the tear film, and create a physical barrier to the outside world. In addition, it is increasingly appreciated that MAMs function as cell surface receptors that transduce information from the outside to the inside of the cell. Recently, our team published a comprehensive review/perspectives article for molecular scientists on ocular surface MAMs, including previously unpublished data and analyses on two new genes MUC21 and MUC22, as well as new MAM functions and biological roles, comparing human and mouse (PMID: 31493487). The current article is a refocus for the audience of The Ocular Surface. First, we update the gene and protein information in a more concise form, and include a new section on glycosylation. Next, we discuss biological roles, with some new sections and further updating from our previous review. Finally, we provide a new chapter on MAM involvement in ocular surface disease. We end this with discussion of an emerging mechanism responsible for damage to the epithelia and their mucosal glycocalyces: the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR offers a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Martinez-Carrasco
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine at New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School at Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass, Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - M Elizabeth Fini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine at New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center: Program in Pharmacology & Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, O2111, USA.
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Bogdan ED, Stuard WL, Titone R, Robertson DM. IGFBP-3 Mediates Metabolic Homeostasis During Hyperosmolar Stress in the Corneal Epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:11. [PMID: 34100890 PMCID: PMC8196413 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.7.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) is a multifunctional secretory protein with well-known roles in cell growth and survival. Data in our laboratory suggest that IGFBP-3 may be functioning as a stress response protein in the corneal epithelium. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of IGFBP-3 in mediating the corneal epithelial cell stress response to hyperosmolarity, a well-known pathophysiological event in the development of dry eye disease. Methods Telomerase-immortalized human corneal epithelial (hTCEpi) cells were used in this study. Cells were cultured in serum-free media with (growth) or without (basal) supplements. Hyperosmolarity was achieved by increasing salt concentrations to 450 and 500 mOsM. Metabolic and mitochondrial changes were assessed using Seahorse metabolic flux analysis and assays for mitochondrial calcium, polarization and mtDNA. Levels of IGFBP-3 and inflammatory mediators were quantified using ELISA. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using a lactate dehydrogenase assay. In select experiments, cells were cotreated with 500 ng/mL recombinant human (rh)IGFBP-3. Results Hyperosmolar stress altered metabolic activity, shifting cells towards a respiratory phenotype. Hyperosmolar stress further altered mitochondrial calcium levels, depolarized mitochondria, decreased levels of ATP, mtDNA, and expression of IGFBP-3. In contrast, hyperosmolar stress increased production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. Supplementation with rhIGFBP-3 abrogated metabolic and mitochondrial changes with only marginal effects on IL-8. Conclusions These findings indicate that IGFBP-3 is a critical protein involved in hyperosmolar stress responses in the corneal epithelium. These data further support a new role for IGFBP-3 in the control of cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan D Bogdan
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Whitney L Stuard
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Rossella Titone
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Danielle M Robertson
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
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Kim YH, Yang IJ, Nguyen LTH, Gum SI, Yu S, Lee GJ, Kim BA, Jung JC, Park YJ. Effect of Diquafosol on Hyperosmotic Stress-induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-6 Expression in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021; 34:1-10. [PMID: 32037744 PMCID: PMC7010473 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2019.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diquafosol is a pharmaceutical drug used for dry eye treatment with a novel mechanism of action. It is a purinergic P2Y2 receptor agonist that promotes the secretion of tears and healing of corneal epithelial wounds. However, its inhibitory effect on hyperosmotic stress-induced inflammation in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) remains unclear. Methods A hyperosmotic stress model was established by transferring HCECs from isosmotic (312 mOsm/kg to hyperosmotic medium (500 mOsm/kg). HCECs were incubated with 500 mOsm/kg hyperosmotic medium for 30 minutes, and then treated with diquafosol (0.6–6 mg/mL) for 4 or 24 hours. Cells were then harvested and analyzed by western blot, immunocytochemistry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the expression of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and the phosphorylation status of nuclear factor-kappa B. Results Diquafosol significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of hyperosmotic stress-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. These results were supported by immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Furthermore, diquafosol inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B activation by suppressing the phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitor of кB. Conclusions This study shows that diquafosol inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B signaling and inflammatory factors induced by hyperosmotic stress in HCECs. This suggests that using diquafosol for the improvement of dry eye syndrome could be effective in the treatment of inflammation-related corneal and conjunctival diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - In Jun Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Ly Thi Huong Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
| | | | - Sung Yu
- Central Ophthalmic Clinic, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Bo Ae Kim
- Division of Biomedicinal & Cosmetics, College of Sciences & Technology, Mokwon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Chang Jung
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
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Capsazepine decreases corneal pain syndrome in severe dry eye disease. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:111. [PMID: 33975636 PMCID: PMC8114509 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface accompanied by neurosensory abnormalities. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) blockade to alleviate ocular pain, neuroinflammation, and anxiety-like behavior associated with severe DED. Methods Chronic DED was induced by unilateral excision of the Harderian and extraorbital lacrimal glands of adult male mice. Investigations were conducted at 21 days after surgery. The mRNA levels of TRPV1, transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1), and acid-sensing ion channels 1 and 3 (ASIC1 and ASIC3) in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) were evaluated by RNAscope in situ hybridization. Multi-unit extracellular recording of ciliary nerve fiber activity was used to monitor spontaneous and stimulated (cold, heat, and acid) corneal nerve responsiveness in ex vivo eye preparations. DED mice received topical instillations of the TRPV1 antagonist (capsazepine) twice a day for 2 weeks from d7 to d21 after surgery. The expression of genes involved in neuropathic and inflammatory pain was evaluated in the TG using a global genomic approach. Chemical and mechanical corneal nociception and spontaneous ocular pain were monitored. Finally, anxiety-like behaviors were assessed by elevated plus maze and black and white box tests. Results First, in situ hybridization showed DED to trigger upregulation of TRPV1, TRPA1, ASIC1, and ASIC3 mRNA in the ophthalmic branch of the TG. DED also induced overexpression of genes involved in neuropathic and inflammatory pain in the TG. Repeated instillations of capsazepine reduced corneal polymodal responsiveness to heat, cold, and acidic stimulation in ex vivo eye preparations. Consistent with these findings, chronic capsazepine instillation inhibited the upregulation of genes involved in neuropathic and inflammatory pain in the TG of DED animals and reduced the sensation of ocular pain, as well as anxiety-like behaviors associated with severe DED. Conclusion These data provide novel insights on the effectiveness of TRPV1 antagonist instillation in alleviating abnormal corneal neurosensory symptoms induced by severe DED, opening an avenue for the repositioning of this molecule as a potential analgesic treatment for patients suffering from chronic DED.
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Kim SJ, Park MH, Yoo WS, Hong EK, Choi MY, Choi WS. Effect of Aralia Elata on the Expression of Hyperosmolarity-induced TonEBP Protein and Inflammatory Mediators in Corneal Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2021.62.2.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Langford MP, Sebren AR, Burch MA, Redens TB. Methylene Blue Inhibits Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis Virus Production and Induction of Caspase-3 Mediated Human Corneal Cell Cytopathy. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 14:4483-4492. [PMID: 33380782 PMCID: PMC7767714 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s275762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is a highly contagious eye disease caused by enterovirus type 70 (E70) and Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CA24v) with no clinically approved treatment. The antiviral activity of methylene blue (MB; a WHO essential medicine) against AHC viruses was investigated using human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC). Methods Time and concentration-dependent MB accumulation by HCEC was determined colorimetrically and MB inhibition of virus production of 5 E70 and 3 CA24v AHC epidemic isolates in HCEC was determined by micro-plaque assay. AHC virus cytopathy inhibition by MB was detected by reductions in virus-induced caspase-3 activity and polymeric DNA fragments. Results MB uptake by HCEC was rapid and concentration dependent. MB inhibition of E70 and CA24v production was concentration dependent. AHC virus yields were significantly lower (50 to >10,000 fold) in HCEC pre-treated with 0.25–1% MB than in placebo controls (p’s ≤ 0.01). MB pre-treatment significantly inhibited virus-induced caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation (p’s<0.01). Virus-infected cells accumulate oxidized MB and MB application up to 6 h after infection inhibited virus production and virus-induced HCEC cytopathy. Conclusion The results suggest MB treatment prior to and shortly after infection can inhibit AHC virus production and caspase-mediated HCEC cytopathy. The results support the therapeutic potential of ophthalmic solutions containing MB against AHC virus infection during epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlyn P Langford
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Alexandra R Sebren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Maxwell A Burch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Thomas B Redens
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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CannabinEYEds: The Endocannabinoid System as a Regulator of the Ocular Surface Nociception, Inflammatory Response, Neovascularization and Wound Healing. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9124036. [PMID: 33327429 PMCID: PMC7764860 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex regulatory system, highly conserved among vertebrates. It has been widely described in nearly all human tissues. In the conjunctiva and cornea, the ECS is believed to play a pivotal role in the modulation of the local inflammatory state as well as in the regulation of tissue repair and fibrosis, neo-angiogenesis and pain perception. This review aims to summarize all the available data on ECS expression and its function in ocular surface structures to provide a specific insight concerning its modulation in dry eye disease, and to propose directions for future research.
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Guzmán M, Miglio M, Keitelman I, Shiromizu CM, Sabbione F, Fuentes F, Trevani AS, Giordano MN, Galletti JG. Transient tear hyperosmolarity disrupts the neuroimmune homeostasis of the ocular surface and facilitates dry eye onset. Immunology 2020; 161:148-161. [PMID: 32702135 PMCID: PMC7496787 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a highly prevalent ocular surface disorder with neuroimmune pathophysiology. Tear hyperosmolarity (THO), a frequent finding in affected patients, is considered a key element in DED pathogenesis, yet existing animal models are based on subjecting the ocular surface to the more complex desiccating stress - decreased tear production and/or increased evaporation - instead of strict hyperosmolar stress. Here we characterized a murine model of THO that does not involve desiccating stress, thus allowing us to dissect the contribution of THO to DED. Our results showed that THO is sufficient to disrupt neuroimmune homeostasis of the ocular surface in mice, and thus reproduce many sub-clinical DED findings. THO activated nuclear factor-κB signalling in conjunctival epithelial cells and increased dendritic cell recruitment and maturation, leading to more activated (CD69+ ) and memory (CD62lo CD44hi) CD4+ T-cells in the eye-draining lymph nodes. Ultimately, THO impaired the development of ocular mucosal tolerance to a topical surrogate antigen in a chain of events that included epithelial nuclear factor-κB signalling and activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 as the probable hypertonicity sensor. Also, THO reduced the density of corneal intraepithelial nerves and terminals, and sensitized the ocular surface to hypertonicity. Finally, the adoptive transfer of T-cells from THO mice to naïve recipients under mild desiccating stress favoured DED development, showing that THO is enough to trigger an actual pathogenic T-cell response. Our results altogether demonstrate that THO is a critical initiating factor in DED development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad InnataInstituto de Medicina ExperimentalAcademia Nacional de Medicina/CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Maximiliano Miglio
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad InnataInstituto de Medicina ExperimentalAcademia Nacional de Medicina/CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Irene Keitelman
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad InnataInstituto de Medicina ExperimentalAcademia Nacional de Medicina/CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Carolina Maiumi Shiromizu
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad InnataInstituto de Medicina ExperimentalAcademia Nacional de Medicina/CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Florencia Sabbione
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad InnataInstituto de Medicina ExperimentalAcademia Nacional de Medicina/CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Federico Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad InnataInstituto de Medicina ExperimentalAcademia Nacional de Medicina/CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Analía S. Trevani
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad InnataInstituto de Medicina ExperimentalAcademia Nacional de Medicina/CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Mirta N. Giordano
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad InnataInstituto de Medicina ExperimentalAcademia Nacional de Medicina/CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Jeremías G. Galletti
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad InnataInstituto de Medicina ExperimentalAcademia Nacional de Medicina/CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
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Bamps D, Vriens J, de Hoon J, Voets T. TRP Channel Cooperation for Nociception: Therapeutic Opportunities. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 61:655-677. [PMID: 32976736 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain treatment remains a sore challenge, and in our aging society, the number of patients reporting inadequate pain relief continues to grow. Current treatment options all have their drawbacks, including limited efficacy and the propensity of abuse and addiction; the latter is exemplified by the ongoing opioid crisis. Extensive research in the last few decades has focused on mechanisms underlying chronic pain states, thereby producing attractive opportunities for novel, effective and safe pharmaceutical interventions. Members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family represent innovative targets to tackle pain sensation at the root. Three TRP channels, TRPV1, TRPM3, and TRPA1, are of particular interest, as they were identified as sensors of chemical- and heat-induced pain in nociceptor neurons. This review summarizes the knowledge regarding TRP channel-based pain therapies, including the bumpy road of the clinical development of TRPV1 antagonists, the current status of TRPA1 antagonists, and the future potential of targeting TRPM3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Bamps
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Vriens
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan de Hoon
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Voets
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Takahashi N, Tsuzuno T, Mineo S, Yamada-Hara M, Aoki-Nonaka Y, Tabeta K. Epithelial TRPV1 channels: Expression, function, and pathogenicity in the oral cavity. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:235-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Panova IE, Titov AV, Mirsaitova DR. [The effects of a trehalose-based drug used after laser keratorefractive surgeries]. Vestn Oftalmol 2020; 136:110-116. [PMID: 32779464 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2020136041110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the effectiveness of artificial tear drops Thealoz (trehalose 3%) in the correction of dry eye syndrome (DES) after ReLEx SMILE and FEMTO LASIK keratorefractive surgeries. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 20 patients (40 eyes) who underwent a keratorefractive surgery and were prescribed instillations of Thealoz artificial tear drops for the correction of dry eye syndrome. Patients were divided into 2 group: the 1st group consisted of 10 patients who underwent ReLEx SMILE surgery, the 2nd group - 10 patients after FEMTO LASIK. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated at 1 and 3 months after the surgery using Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), changes in the anterior corneal epithelium (Oxford scale), and tear break-up time (Norn's test). RESULTS It was found that the use of artificial tear drops Thealoz regardless of the type of keratorefractive surgery helps reduce discomfort based on the OSDI questionnaire from 10.90±4.55 to 10.20±4.07 and 8.89±3.26 points by 1 and 3 months of the follow-up, respectively (p≤0.05). The degree of epitheliopathy according to the Oxford scale decreases from 0.73±0.75 to 0.25±0.43 points 3 months after the surgery (p≤0.05), which is accompanied by a significant increase in tear break-up time (Norn's test) from 11.18±1.19 to 12.43±1.03 and 12.45±1.03 seconds 1 and 3 months after treatment, respectively (p≤0,05). CONCLUSION Complex evaluation of the ocular surface has proved that artificial tear drops Thealoz is effective in reducing DES manifestations after keratorefractive surgery. The results clearly demonstrate that the drug helps increase stability of the tear break-up time, as well as contributes to the decrease in epitheliopathy and subjective discomfort sensations, giving grounds to widen its use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Panova
- St. Petersburg branch of S.N. Fyodorov National Medical Research Center «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery», St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Titov
- St. Petersburg branch of S.N. Fyodorov National Medical Research Center «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery», St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D R Mirsaitova
- St. Petersburg branch of S.N. Fyodorov National Medical Research Center «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery», St. Petersburg, Russia
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Eckol Alleviates Intestinal Dysfunction during Suckling-to-Weaning Transition via Modulation of PDX1 and HBEGF. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134755. [PMID: 32635412 PMCID: PMC7370175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining intestinal health in livestock is critical during the weaning period. The precise mechanisms of intestinal dysfunction during this period are not fully understood, although these can be alleviated by phlorotannins, including eckol. This question was addressed by evaluating the changes in gene expression and intestinal function after eckol treatment during suckling-to-weaning transition. The biological roles of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in intestinal development were investigated by assessing intestinal wound healing and barrier functions, as well as the associated signaling pathways and oxidative stress levels. We identified 890 DEGs in the intestine, whose expression was altered by eckol treatment, including pancreatic and duodenal homeobox (PDX)1, which directly regulate heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HBEGF) expression in order to preserve intestinal barrier functions and promote wound healing through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and P38 signaling. Additionally, eckol alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative stress through PI3K/AKT, P38, and 5’-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, improved growth, and reduced oxidative stress and intestinal permeability in pigs during the weaning period. Eckol modulates intestinal barrier functions, wound healing, and oxidative stress through PDX/HBEGF, and improves growth during the suckling-to-weaning transition. These findings suggest that eckol can be used as a feed supplement in order to preserve the intestinal functions in pigs and other livestock during this process.
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Lima MDCL, de Araújo JIF, Gonçalves Mota C, Magalhães FEA, Campos AR, da Silva PT, Rodrigues THS, Matos MGC, de Sousa KC, de Sousa MB, Saker-Sampaio S, Pereira AL, Teixeira EH, Dos Santos HS. Antinociceptive Effect of the Essential Oil of Schinus terebinthifolius (female) Leaves on Adult Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Zebrafish 2020; 17:112-119. [PMID: 32105571 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2019.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) is popularly known in Brazil as aroeira-da-praia and has pharmacological use as an astringent, antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, depurative, diuretic, and antifebrile agent. Although the neuropathic antinociceptive potential of S. terebinthifolius fruits has already been investigated, this study is the first one to analyze the acute antinociceptive effect of the essential oil of S. terebinthifolius (female) leaves (EOFSt) on adult zebrafish. EOFSt was submitted to antioxidant activity evaluation by two methods (ferrous ion-chelating capacity [FIC] and β-carotene). The animals (n = 6/group) were treated orally (20 μL) with EOFSt (0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/mL) or vehicle (0.9% sodium chloride [NaCl]; 20 μL), and submitted to nociception (formalin, cinnamaldehyde, capsaicin, glutamate, acidic saline, and hypertonic saline). Possible neuromodulation mechanisms, as well motor alterations and toxicity were also evaluated. In the FIC assay, EOFSt showed ferrous ion-chelating capacity in ∼40% to 90%. Regarding the β-carotene bleaching assay, EOFSt showed inhibition in a 58% to 80% range. Oral administration of EOFSt showed no acute toxicity and did not alter the locomotor system of aZF, and reduced the nociceptive behavior in all tested models. These effects of EOFSt were significantly similar to those of morphine, used as a positive control. The antinociceptive effect of EOFSt was inhibited by naloxone, L-NAME, ketamine, camphor, ruthenium red, and amiloride. The antinociceptive effect of the EOFSt cornea was inhibited by capsazepine. EOFSt has the pharmacological potential for acute pain treatment and this effect is modulated by the opioid system, NMDA receptors, and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), and acid-sensing ion channels. The EOFSt also has the pharmacological potential for corneal pain treatment and this effect is modulated by the TRPV1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria da Conceição L Lima
- Laboratory of Natural Product Bioprospecting and Biotechnology (LBPNB), Ceara State University, Department of Chemistry, Campus CECITEC, Tauá, Brazil
| | - José Ismael F de Araújo
- Laboratory of Natural Product Bioprospecting and Biotechnology (LBPNB), Ceara State University, Department of Chemistry, Campus CECITEC, Tauá, Brazil
| | - Carolina Gonçalves Mota
- Laboratory of Natural Product Bioprospecting and Biotechnology (LBPNB), Ceara State University, Department of Chemistry, Campus CECITEC, Tauá, Brazil
| | - Francisco Ernani A Magalhães
- Laboratory of Natural Product Bioprospecting and Biotechnology (LBPNB), Ceara State University, Department of Chemistry, Campus CECITEC, Tauá, Brazil
| | - Adriana R Campos
- Experimental Biology Nucleus (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Priscila T da Silva
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karolina C de Sousa
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products, Department of Fishing Engineering, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Márcia B de Sousa
- Institute of Exact and Nature Sciences, Biological Sciences Course, University of the Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Silvana Saker-Sampaio
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products, Department of Fishing Engineering, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Anna L Pereira
- Integrated Laboratory of Biomolecules (LIBS), Federal University of Ceara, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Edson H Teixeira
- Integrated Laboratory of Biomolecules (LIBS), Federal University of Ceara, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil.,Science and Technology Center-Chemistry Course, State University of Vale do Acarau, Sobral, Brazil
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Fini ME, Jeong S, Gong H, Martinez-Carrasco R, Laver NMV, Hijikata M, Keicho N, Argüeso P. Membrane-associated mucins of the ocular surface: New genes, new protein functions and new biological roles in human and mouse. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 75:100777. [PMID: 31493487 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal glycocalyx of the ocular surface constitutes the point of interaction between the tear film and the apical epithelial cells. Membrane-associated mucins (MAMs) are the defining molecules of the glycocalyx in all mucosal epithelia. Long recognized for their biophysical properties of hydration, lubrication, anti-adhesion and repulsion, MAMs maintain the wet ocular surface, lubricate the blink, stabilize the tear film and create a physical barrier to the outside world. However, it is increasingly appreciated that MAMs also function as cell surface receptors that transduce information from the outside to the inside of the cell. A number of excellent review articles have provided perspective on the field as it has progressed since 1987, when molecular cloning of the first MAM was reported. The current article provides an update for the ocular surface, placing it into the broad context of findings made in other organ systems, and including new genes, new protein functions and new biological roles. We discuss the epithelial tissue-equivalent with mucosal differentiation, the key model system making these advances possible. In addition, we make the first systematic comparison of MAMs in human and mouse, establishing the basis for using knockout mice for investigations with the complexity of an in vivo system. Lastly, we discuss findings from human genetics/genomics, which are providing clues to new MAM roles previously unimagined. Taken together, this information allows us to generate hypotheses for the next stage of investigation to expand our knowledge of MAM function in intracellular signaling and roles unique to the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Fini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, at New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Shinwu Jeong
- USC Roski Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Rafael Martinez-Carrasco
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, at New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Nora M V Laver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, at New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Minako Hijikata
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo, 204-8533, Japan.
| | - Naoto Keicho
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo, 204-8533, Japan.
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, at Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass. Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Zheng Q, Tan Q, Ren Y, Reinach PS, Li L, Ge C, Qu J, Chen W. Hyperosmotic Stress-Induced TRPM2 Channel Activation Stimulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity in Primary Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:3259-3268. [PMID: 29971445 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-23965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether either a hyperosmotic or oxidative stress induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increases in bioactive IL-1β secretion through transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) activation in primary human corneal epithelial cells (PHCECs). Methods Real-time PCR, Western blots, and immunofluorescent staining were used to evaluate TRPM2 and NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. A CCK-8 assay evaluated cell viability. Hyperosmotic 500 mOsm and oxidative 0.5 mM H2O2 stresses were imposed. TRPM2 expression was inhibited with a TRPM2 inhibitor, 20 μM N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (ACA), or TRPM2 siRNA knockdown. Results In the hypertonic medium, TRPM2, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β gene and protein expression levels rose after 4 hours (P ≤ 0.043), whereas ACA preincubation suppressed these rises (P ≤ 0.044). Similarly, H2O2 upregulated TRPM2 protein expression by 80%, and induced both NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increased bioactive IL-1β secretion (P ≤ 0.036), whereas ACA pretreatment suppressed these effects (P ≤ 0.029). TRPM2 siRNA transfection reduced TRPM2 gene expression by 70% (P = 0.018) in this hyperosmotic medium and inhibited the increases in NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β gene (P ≤ 0.028) and protein expression (P ≤ 0.037). Conclusions TRPM2 activation by either a hyperosmotic or oxidative stress contributes to mediating increases in NLRP3 inflammasome activity and bioactive IL-1β expression because inhibiting TRPM2 activation or its expression blunted both of these responses in PHCECs. This association points to the possibility that TRPM2 is a viable target to suppress hyperosmotic-induced corneal epithelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxiang Zheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiufan Tan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,Yiwu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yueping Ren
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peter S Reinach
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoxiang Ge
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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Labetoulle M, Baudouin C, Calonge M, Merayo‐Lloves J, Boboridis KG, Akova YA, Aragona P, Geerling G, Messmer EM, Benítez‐del‐Castillo J. Role of corneal nerves in ocular surface homeostasis and disease. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97:137-145. [PMID: 30225941 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Corneal nerves are key components of the physiological system that controls ocular surface homeostasis. The cornea is primarily innervated by the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerves (cranial nerve V), which distend bilaterally from the pons. The nasociliary branch (afferent) of the ophthalmic nerve is sensory for cornea, eyelid and conjunctiva. These nerve fibres play a role in sensing temperature, chemical and mechanical stimuli, and pain, whereas, branches of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) contain motor nerves that control blinking and autonomic (sympathetic and a paucity of parasympathetic) fibres that stimulate tear production and secretion via feedback loops between the ocular surface, lacrimal glands and brain. Disruption of these nerves with interruption of neural feedback loops between the ocular surface and lacrimal glands can lead to corneal diseases such as dry eye disease (DED) and neurotrophic keratopathy (NK). Inversely, hypersensitivity of the nerve fibres and/or dysregulation of pain-controlling nervous centres may lead to neuropathic pain. Recently, medications that specifically target regeneration of corneal nerves have started to become available - and considering the high prevalence of diseases associated with corneal nerve dysfunction, these agents promise to fulfil a hitherto important unmet need. In this review, we explore the physiology of corneal nerves, the pathology of corneal nerve diseases and how these relate to neuropathic pain, NK and DED. We also discuss what novel treatments may be useful against diseases involving corneal nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology South Paris University Hospital‐APHP Le Kremlin‐Bicêtre France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Quinze‐Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital Paris France
- INSERM UMRS968 CNRS UMR7210 Paris 6 Vision Institute UPMC University Paris France
- University of Versailles Saint‐Quentin en Yvelines Versaille France
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Strange K, Yamada T, Denton JS. A 30-year journey from volume-regulated anion currents to molecular structure of the LRRC8 channel. J Gen Physiol 2019; 151:100-117. [PMID: 30651298 PMCID: PMC6363415 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strange et al. review recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and structural basis of volume-regulated anion channel function within the framework of classical biophysical and physiological studies. The swelling-activated anion channel VRAC has fascinated and frustrated physiologists since it was first described in 1988. Multiple laboratories have defined VRAC’s biophysical properties and have shown that it plays a central role in cell volume regulation and possibly other fundamental physiological processes. However, confusion and intense controversy surrounding the channel’s molecular identity greatly hindered progress in the field for >15 yr. A major breakthrough came in 2014 with the demonstration that VRAC is a heteromeric channel encoded by five members of the Lrrc8 gene family, Lrrc8A–E. A mere 4 yr later, four laboratories described cryo-EM structures of LRRC8A homomeric channels. As the melee of structure/function and physiology studies begins, it is critical that this work be framed by a clear understanding of VRAC biophysics, regulation, and cellular physiology as well as by the field’s past confusion and controversies. That understanding is essential for the design and interpretation of structure/function studies, studies of VRAC physiology, and studies aimed at addressing the vexing problem of how the channel detects cell volume changes. In this review we discuss key aspects of VRAC biophysics, regulation, and function and integrate these into our emerging understanding of LRRC8 protein structure/function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Strange
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Novo Biosciences, Inc., Bar Harbor, ME
| | - Toshiki Yamada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jerod S Denton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Panova IE, Titov AV, Golovatenko SP, Mirsaitova DR, Leshchik OP, Pogosyan MA. [Artificial tear drops Thealoz in the correction of dry eye syndrome after keratorefractive surgery]. Vestn Oftalmol 2019; 135:113-121. [PMID: 31215542 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2019135021113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the effectiveness of artificial tear drops Thealoz (trehalose 3%) in the correction of dry eye syndrome (DES) after keratorefractive surgery based on instrumental monitoring of the condition of eye surface. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 20 patients (40 eyes) who underwent a keratorefractive surgery and were prescribed instillations of Thealoz artificial tear drops for the correction of dry eye syndrome. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the 1st group consisted of 10 patients who underwent ReLEx SMILE surgery, the 2nd group - 10 patients after FEMTO LASIK. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated at 1 and 3 months after the surgery using conventional instrumental monitoring: tear break-up time (Norn's test), tear film osmolarity test and OCT-meniscometry. RESULTS Regardless of the type of surgery, tear film break-up time has significantly increased from 11.16±0.38 sec to 12.95±0.24 (p≤0.05) and 13.85±0.03 (p≤0.05) by months 1 and 3, respectively; it correlated with progressive decrease of tear film osmolarity from 317.29±1.39 to 308.00±0.79 mOsm/L (p≤0.05) at one month, and by the 3rd month - to 301.75±0.27 mOsm/L (p≤0.05). An improvement in OCT-meniscometry parameters was also observed in the form of a significant increase of the height and depth after 1 and 3 months. CONCLUSION The use of artificial tear drops Thealoz contributes to the reduction of DES manifestations after keratorefractive surgery: increased stability of the tear film, restoration of the tear meniscus parameters and tear film osmolarity. The use of trehalose ophthalmic solution is advisable in patients after keratorefractive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Panova
- Saint Petersburg branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, 21 Yaroslava Gasheka St., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 192283
| | - A V Titov
- Saint Petersburg branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, 21 Yaroslava Gasheka St., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 192283
| | - S P Golovatenko
- Saint Petersburg branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, 21 Yaroslava Gasheka St., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 192283
| | - D R Mirsaitova
- Saint Petersburg branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, 21 Yaroslava Gasheka St., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 192283
| | - O P Leshchik
- Saint Petersburg branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, 21 Yaroslava Gasheka St., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 192283
| | - M A Pogosyan
- Saint Petersburg branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, 21 Yaroslava Gasheka St., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 192283
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Dai Y, Zhang J, Xiang J, Li Y, Wu D, Xu J. Calcitriol inhibits ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling axis via activation of Nrf2-antioxidant signaling in hyperosmotic stress stimulated human corneal epithelial cells. Redox Biol 2018; 21:101093. [PMID: 30611121 PMCID: PMC6313824 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The activation of ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling axis induced by hyperosmotic stress (HS) has been recognized as a key priming stage of epithelial inflammation in dry eye pathogenesis. The current study aims to investigate whether calcitriol, the active metabolite of vitamin D3, could protect cells against HS-induced inflammation through modulating this critical step. Methods Human corneal epithelial cells (iHCECs) were cultured in hyperosmotic medium (450 mOsM) with various concentrations of calcitriol. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in iHCECs. NLRP3 activation and IL-1β generation were detected by RT-qPCR or ELISA, respectively. Oxidative stress markers including ROS and 8-OHdG were examined by fluorometric analysis. The nuclear translocation of NRF2 was assessed by western blotting. Results Calcitriol could protect cells against HS-induced injury through inhibiting ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling axis. Calcitriol remarkably suppressed the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome related genes and the production of IL-1β in cells that were exposed to HS. It could also significantly attenuate HS-induced oxidative stress, shown as the reduced intracellular ROS generation and 8-OHdG staining cells after calcitriol treatment. Calcitriol induced the translocation of NRF2 to the nucleus, and thereby triggered the expression of several antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion The current study indicated that calcitriol could inhibit the priming stage of HS-induced cellular inflammation, highlighting its potential capacity to prevent and mitigate dry eye related corneal inflammation at an earlier stage. The activation of ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling axis is a key priming stage of epithelial inflammation in dry eye pathogenesis. Calcitriol could protect cells against HS-induced cytotoxicity through inhibiting the ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling axis. The protective effect of calcitriol is associated with the activation of the NRF2-antioxidant signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China..
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TRPM8 Channels and Dry Eye. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040125. [PMID: 30445735 PMCID: PMC6316058 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels transduce signals of chemical irritation and temperature change from the ocular surface to the brain. Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder wherein the eyes react to trivial stimuli with abnormal sensations, such as dryness, blurring, presence of foreign body, discomfort, irritation, and pain. There is increasing evidence of TRP channel dysfunction (i.e., TRPV1 and TRPM8) in DED pathophysiology. Here, we review some of this literature and discuss one strategy on how to manage DED using a TRPM8 agonist.
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Kim SJ, Pham TH, Bak Y, Ryu HW, Oh SR, Yoon DY. 7-Methoxy-luteolin-8-C-β-6-deoxy-xylo-pyranos-3-uloside exactly (mLU8C-PU) isolated from Arthraxon hispidus inhibits migratory and invasive responses mediated via downregulation of MMP-9 and IL-8 expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:1143-1152. [PMID: 30133131 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
7-Methoxy-luteolin-8-C-β-6-deoxy-xylo-pyranos-3-uloside (mLU8C-PU) is a glycosylflavone of luteolin isolated from Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.). Luteolin is known to exert anti-migratory and anti-invasive effects on tumor cells. However, there are no reports on the effects of mLU8C-PU on tumor invasiveness and associated signaling pathways. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-migratory and anti-invasive effects of mLU8C-PU in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-treated MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We also investigated the effect of mLU8C-PU on invasion- related signal transducers, including protein kinase Cα (PKCα), c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK), activator protein-1 (AP-1), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB). TPA-induced membrane translocation of PKCα, phosphorylation of JNK, and the nuclear translocations of AP-1 and NF-κB were downregulated by mLU8C-PU in MCF-7 cells. In addition, mLU8C-PU also inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression. These results indicate that mLU8C-PU inhibits migratory and invasive responses in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by suppressing MMP-9 and IL-8 expression through mitigating TPA-induced PKCα, JNK activation, and the nuclear translocation of AP-1 and NF-κB. These results suggest that mLU8C-PU may be used as an anti-metastatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thu-Huyen Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yesol Bak
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Bio-Therapeutics Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Bio-Therapeutics Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Levitt AE, Galor A, Chowdhury AR, Felix ER, Sarantopoulos CD, Zhuang GY, Patin D, Maixner W, Smith SB, Martin ER, Levitt RC. Evidence that Dry Eye Represents a Chronic Overlapping Pain Condition. Mol Pain 2018; 13:1744806917729306. [PMID: 28814146 PMCID: PMC5584655 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917729306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that corneal somatosensory dysfunction may be the underlying cause of
severe dry eye symptoms in the absence of ocular surface pathology seen in a subset of
patients diagnosed with “dry eye syndrome.” This subset of patients tends to demonstrate a
unique constellation of symptoms that are persistent, more severe, and generally respond
poorly to current dry eye therapies targeting inadequate or dysfunctional tears. A growing
body of literature suggests that symptoms in these patients may be better characterized as
neuropathic ocular pain rather than dry eye. In these patients, dry eye symptoms are often
associated with numerous comorbid pain conditions and evidence of central pain processing
abnormalities, where eye pain is just one of multiple overlapping peripheral
manifestations. In this review, we discuss the concept and potential mechanisms of chronic
overlapping pain conditions as well as evidence for considering neuropathic ocular pain as
one of these overlapping pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anat Galor
- Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL
| | - Aneesa R Chowdhury
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | | | - Gerald Y Zhuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Dennis Patin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | | | - Eden R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 7John T. Macdonald Foundation
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