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Zhou G, Zhang L, Shao S. The application of MARCO for immune regulation and treatment. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:246. [PMID: 38300385 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage receptor with collagen structure (MARCO) is a member of scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) and shares structural and functional similarities with SR-A1. In recent years, many studies have shown that MARCO can trigger an immune response and has therapeutic potential as a target for immunotherapy. Studies have shown that alterations in MARCO expression following pathogen infection cause changes in the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, and T cells, affecting the body's immune response to invading pathogens; thus, MARCO plays a crucial role in triggering the immune response, bridging innate and adaptive immunity, and eliminating pathogens. This paper is a comprehensive summary of the recent research on MARCO. This review focuses on the multiple functions of MARCO, including adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, and cytokine secretion with special emphasis on the complex interactions between MARCO and various types of cells involved in the immune response, as well as possible immune-related mechanisms. In summary, in this review, we discuss the structure and function of MARCO and its role in the immune response and highlight the therapeutic potential of MARCO as a target for immunotherapy. We hope that this review provides a theoretical basis for future research on MARCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyuan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shijiazhuang Vocational College of City Economy, No. 12, Wenming Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Suxia Shao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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2
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Liu YS, Pan JQ, Pan XB, Kong FS, Zhang JQ, Wei ZY, Xu ZH, Rao JH, Wang JH, Chen JH. Comparative Analysis of Molecular Landscape in Mouse Models and Patients Reveals Conserved Inflammation Pathways in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:13. [PMID: 38175639 PMCID: PMC10774692 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify key genes and their regulatory networks that are conserved in mouse models of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and human AMD. Methods Retinal RNA-Seq was performed in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mice at day 3 and day 7 after photocoagulation. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis was performed with retinas collected at day 3. Retinal RNA-Seq data was further compared among mouse models of laser-induced CNV and NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration (RD) and a large AMD cohort. Results Retinal RNA-Seq revealed upregulated genes and pathways related to innate immunity and inflammation in mice with CNV, with more profound changes at the early stage (day 3). Proteomic analysis further validated these differentially expressed genes and their networks in retinal inflammation during CNV. Notably, the most evident overlap in the retina of mice with laser-induced CNV and NaIO3-induced RD was the upregulation of inflammation-related genes, pointing to a common vital role of retinal inflammation in the early stage for both mouse AMD models. Further comparative transcriptomic analysis of the mouse AMD models and human AMD identified 48 conserved genes mainly involved in inflammation response. Among them, B2M, C3, and SERPING1 were upregulated in all stages of human AMD and the mouse AMD models compared to controls. Conclusions Our study demonstrates conserved molecular changes related to retinal inflammation in mouse AMD models and human AMD and provides new insight into the translational application of these mouse models in studying AMD mechanisms and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Shan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Children's Hospital), Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Qi Pan
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu-Bin Pan
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan-Sheng Kong
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wei
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhou-Heng Xu
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Hua Rao
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji-Hong Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Jiangnan University & Xinshijie Hospital Ophthalmic Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Salas A, Badia A, Fontrodona L, Zapata M, García-Arumí J, Duarri A. Neovascular Progression and Retinal Dysfunction in the Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization Mouse Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2445. [PMID: 37760886 PMCID: PMC10525599 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouse model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (LI-CNV) has been widely used to study neovascular age-related macular degeneration; however, it still lacks a comprehensive characterization. Here, CNV was induced in the eyes of 12-week-old C57BL/6J male mice by argon laser irradiation. We studied the CNV lesion progression of an LI-CNV mouse cohort by using multimodal imaging (color fundus, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluorescence angiography, focal electroretinography features for 14 days, and related cytokines, angiogenic factors, and reactive gliosis for 5 days. CNV lesions involving the rupture of the Bruch's membrane were confirmed using funduscopy and OCT after laser photocoagulation. During the initial stage, from the CNV induction until day 7, CNV lesions presented leakage observed by using fluorescence angiography and a typical hyperreflective area with cell infiltration, subretinal leakage, and degeneration of photoreceptors observed through OCT. This correlated with decreased retinal responses to light. Moreover, inflammatory and angiogenic markers were reduced to basal levels in the first 5 days of CNV progression. In contrast, reactive gliosis and the VEGF expression in retinal sections were sustained, with infiltration of endothelial cells in the subretinal space. In the second stage, between days 7 and 14 post-induction, we observed stabilization of the CNV lesions, a hyperfluorescent area corresponding to the formation of fibrosis, and a partial rescue of retinal function. These findings suggest that the LI-CNV lesion development goes through an acute phase during the first seven days following induction, and then the CNV lesion stabilizes. According to these results, this model is suitable for screening anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic drugs in the early stages of LI-CNV. At the same time, it is more convenient for screening anti-fibrotic compounds in the later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Salas
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Badia
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Fontrodona
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Zapata
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José García-Arumí
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Duarri
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Bacterial Cellulose as a Potential Bio-Scaffold for Effective Re-Epithelialization Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101592. [PMID: 34683885 PMCID: PMC8540158 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are several therapeutic approaches available for wound injury management. However, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of how biomaterials affect cell behavior is needed to develop potential repair strategies. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a bacteria-produced biopolymer with several advantageous qualities for skin tissue engineering. The aim here was to investigate BC-based scaffold on epithelial regeneration and wound healing by examining its effects on the expression of scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) and underlying macrophage behavior. Full-thickness skin wounds were generated on Sprague-Dawley rats and the healing of these wounds, with and without BC scaffolds, was examined over 14 days using Masson’s trichome staining. BC scaffolds displayed excellent in vitro biocompatibility, maintained the stemness function of cells and promoted keratinocyte differentiation of cells, which are vital in maintaining and restoring the injured epidermis. BC scaffolds also exhibited positive in vivo effects on the wound microenvironment, including improved skin extracellular matrix deposition and controlled excessive inflammation by reduction of SR-A expression. Furthermore, BC scaffold significantly enhanced epithelialization by stimulating the balance of M1/M2 macrophage re-programming for beneficial tissue repair relative to that of collagen material. These findings suggest that BC-based materials are promising products for skin injury repair.
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Kambhampati SP, Bhutto IA, Wu T, Ho K, McLeod DS, Lutty GA, Kannan RM. Systemic dendrimer nanotherapies for targeted suppression of choroidal inflammation and neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. J Control Release 2021; 335:527-540. [PMID: 34058271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and neovascularization are key pathological events in human age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Activated microglia/macrophages (mi/ma) and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) play an active role in every stage of disease progression. Systemic therapies that can target these cells and address both inflammation and neovascularization will broaden the impact of existing therapies and potentially open new avenues for early AMD where there are no viable therapies. Utilizing a clinically relevant rat model of AMD that mirrors many aspects that of human AMD pathological events, we show that systemic hydroxyl-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimer-triamcinolone acetonide conjugate (D-TA) is selectively taken up by the injured mi/ma and RPE (without the need for targeting ligands). D-TA suppresses choroidal neovascularization significantly (by >80%, >50-fold better than free drug), attenuates inflammation in the choroid and retina, by limiting macrophage infiltration in the pathological area, significantly suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors, with minimal side effects to healthy ocular tissue and other organs. In ex vivo studies on human postmortem diabetic eyes, the dendrimer is also taken up into choroidal macrophages. These results suggest that the systemic hydroxyl dendrimer-drugs can offer new avenues for therapies in treating early/dry AMD and late/neovascular AMD alone, or in combination with current anti-VEGF therapies. This hydroxyl dendrimer platform but conjugated to a different drug is undergoing clinical trials for severe COVID-19, potentially paving the way for faster clinical translation of similar compounds for ocular and retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva P Kambhampati
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Imran A Bhutto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Tony Wu
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Katie Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - D Scott McLeod
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Gerard A Lutty
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
| | - Rangaramanujam M Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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6
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Kim J, Kim JH, Do JY, Lee JY, Yanai R, Lee IK, Suk K, Park DH. Key Role of Microglial Matrix Metalloproteinases in Choroidal Neovascularization. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:638098. [PMID: 33716674 PMCID: PMC7954091 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.638098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), especially neovascular AMD with choroidal neovascularization (CNV), is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. Although matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in pathological ocular angiogenesis, including CNV, the cellular origin of MMPs in AMD remains unknown. The present study investigated the role of microglial MMPs in CNV. MMP activities were analyzed by gelatin zymography in aqueous humor samples from patients with CNV and laser-induced CNV mice. Active MMP-9 was increased in the aqueous humor samples from neovascular AMD patients compared with control subjects. In the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid from CNV mice, active MMP-9 increased, beginning 1 h post-CNV induction, and remained upregulated until Day 7. In RPE/choroid from CNV mice, active MMP-9 was suppressed by minocycline, a known microglial inhibitor, at 6 h and 1-day post-CNV induction. Flow cytometry revealed that the proportion of activated microglia increased very early, beginning at 1 h post-CNV induction, and was maintained until Day 7. Similarly, immunohistochemistry revealed increased microglial activation and MMP-9 expression on CNV lesions at 6 h and 1-day post-CNV induction. SB-3CT, an MMP inhibitor, decreased vascular leakage and lesion size in laser-induced CNV mice. These findings indicated nearly immediate recruitment of activated microglia and very early MMP-9 activation in the RPE/choroid. The present study newly identified a potential role for early microglial MMP-9 expression in CNV, and furthermore that modulating microglial MMP expression is a novel putative therapeutic for CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Kim
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jong-Heon Kim
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Do
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jung Yi Lee
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.,R&D Center, JD Bioscience Inc., Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ryoji Yanai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.,Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Park
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.,Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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7
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Liu Y, Feng M, Cai J, Li S, Dai X, Shan G, Wu S. Repurposing bortezomib for choroidal neovascularization treatment via antagonizing VEGF-A and PDGF-D mediated signaling. Exp Eye Res 2021; 204:108446. [PMID: 33476605 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (neoAMD) is the leading cause of blindness in AMD and manifests as choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies are the mainstay treatments but with limited efficacy and cause detrimental effects on the retina after long-term application. These disadvantages warrant alternative strategy. Herein, we examined the effect on CNV by intravitreal injection of bortezomib, a reversible proteasome inhibitor, and further dissected the mechanism. Krypton red Laser was used to create CNV model in mice. The angiogenesis volume was assessed in choroidal flat-mount with isolectin GS-IB4 labeling and the leakage was examined with fluorescein fundus angiography. Injection of Borsub inhibited angiogenesis in the CNV model which was dose-dependent; the injection significantly inhibited leakage as well. Furthermore, Borsub injection reduced the contents of VEGF-A, macrophage chemotactic factor 1 (MCP-1), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-D but not PDGF-B, examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in choroid/retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tissue. These injections also reduced phospho-VEGFR-2 and phospho-PDGFRβ in choroid/RPE tissue examined by immunoblotting. Moreover, Borsub inhibited the recruitment of mural cells or macrophages to laser-injured spots. Injection of Borsub indicated negative effect on scotopic and photopic responses recorded by electroretinogram. Altogether, intravitreal injection of Borsub significantly reduced CNV by antagonizing VEGF-A/Flk-1 and PDGF-D/PDGFRβ pathways without impacting electroretinography parameters. Thus, Borsub may offer an invaluable therapy for the prevention and treatment of neoAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Liu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Visual Science, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, PR China
| | - Meiling Feng
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Visual Science, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, PR China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Visual Science, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, PR China
| | - Shifeng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Xufeng Dai
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Visual Science, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, PR China
| | - Ge Shan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Shengzhou Wu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Visual Science, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, PR China.
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Innate Immunity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1256:121-141. [PMID: 33848000 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-66014-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lines of investigation have demonstrated that inflammation plays significant roles in etiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although interventional trials in AMD therapy targeting inflammatory pathways have been conducted, they have not yet been successful and a detailed understanding as to why some have failed is still elusive. One limitation is the relative dearth of information on how immune cells interact with retinal cells to generate AMD phenotypes at each disease stage. Here, we summarize current research evidence and hypotheses regarding potential pathogenic roles of innate immune cells in the eye, which include resident retinal microglia, macrophages derived from infiltrating systemic monocytes, and macrophages resident in the choroid. We relate recent findings regarding the physiology, function, and cellular interactions involving innate immune cells in the retina and choroid to AMD-related processes, including: (1) drusen formation and regression, (2) the onset and spread of degeneration in late atrophic AMD, and (3) the initiation, growth, and exudation of neovascular vessels in late "wet" AMD. Understanding how innate immune cells contribute to specific AMD phenotypes can assist in generating a comprehensive view on the inflammatory etiology of AMD and aid in identifying anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies and selecting appropriate clinical outcomes for the planned interventions.
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Will-Orrego A, Qiu Y, Fassbender ES, Shen S, Aranda J, Kotagiri N, Maker M, Liao SM, Jaffee BD, Poor SH. Amount of Mononuclear Phagocyte Infiltrate Does Not Predict Area of Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV). J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 34:489-499. [PMID: 30188257 PMCID: PMC6152860 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) are present in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nv AMD) which is also called choroidal neovascularization (CNV). The number and phenotype of the MNPs depend upon the local environment in the CNV and effect of nv AMD therapy. We investigated ocular cell infiltration and conditions that modulate angiogenesis in a laser-induced mouse CNV model. Methods: We developed assays to quantify MNPs in our established mouse CNV model. One MNP assay quantified the number of subretinal cells peripheral to the CNV lesions. A second assay semiquantitatively assesses the number of MNPs localized to the CNV lesion. We used these assays to measure the effect of toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) activation, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2) genetic deletion on MNP infiltration after laser injury. Results: Laser injury induced blood vessel growth and infiltration of MNPs. Systemic administration of a TLR-2 activating peptide increased laser-induced CNV area, MNP cell numbers, and MNP density over the CNV lesions. Systemic administration of a VEGF antibody reduced CNV area, while Ccl2 genetic deletion increased CNV area. Despite the change in amount of angiogenesis, MNP infiltration was, surprisingly, unchanged in these 2 conditions. Conclusions: MNP quantification provides biological insights for candidate AMD therapies. The number of infiltrating MNP cells does not correlate with the amount of laser-induced CNV area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Will-Orrego
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yubin Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth S Fassbender
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Siyuan Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jorge Aranda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Namrata Kotagiri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Maker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sha-Mei Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce D Jaffee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen H Poor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
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The first comprehensive description of the expression profile of genes involved in differential body growth and the immune system of the Jeju Native Pig and miniature pig. Amino Acids 2018; 51:495-511. [PMID: 30519757 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sus scrofa provides a major source of animal protein for humans as well as being an excellent biomedical model. This study was carried out to understand, in detail, the genetic and functional variants of Jeju Native Pigs and miniature pigs through differential expression profiling of the genes controlling their immune response, growth performance, and meat quality. The Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform was used for generating 1.3 billion 90 bp paired-end reads, which were mapped to the S. scrofa genome using TopHat2. A total of 2481 and 2768 genes were differentially expressed with 8-log changes in muscle and liver samples, respectively. Five hundred forty-eight genes in muscle and 642 genes in liver samples had BLAST matches within the non-redundant database. GO process and pathway analyses showed enhanced biological processes related to the extracellular structural organization and skeletal muscle cell differentiation in muscle tissue, whereas the liver tissue shares functions related to the inflammatory response. Herein, we identify inflammatory regulatory genes in miniature pigs and growth response genes in Jeju Native Pigs, information which can provide a stronger base for the selection of breeding stock and facilitate further in vitro and in vivo studies for therapeutic purposes.
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Kleiner J, Hollborn M, Wiedemann P, Bringmann A. Activator protein-1 contributes to the NaCl-induced expression of VEGF and PlGF in RPE cells. Mol Vis 2018; 24:647-666. [PMID: 30310263 PMCID: PMC6178337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Systemic hypertension is a risk factor of neovascular age-related macular degeneration; consumption of dietary salt resulting in extracellular hyperosmolarity is a main cause of hypertension. Extracellular hyperosmolarity was shown to induce expression of angiogenic growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF), in RPE cells. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the hyperosmotic expression of growth factor genes in RPE cells is mediated by activator protein-1 (AP-1), and whether c-Fos and c-Jun genes are regulated by extracellular osmolarity. Methods Hyperosmotic media were made up with the addition of NaCl or sucrose. Gene expression was quantified with real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, and protein secretion was investigated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nuclear factor of activated T cell 5 (NFAT5) was depleted with siRNA. DNA binding of AP-1 protein was evaluated with electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results High NaCl and the addition of sucrose triggered expression of the c-Fos gene, but not of the c-Jun gene. High NaCl also increased the levels of c-Fos and phosphorylated c-Jun proteins and the level of DNA binding of AP-1. Hypoosmolarity decreased the expression of the c-Fos and c-Jun genes. NaCl-induced expression of the c-Fos gene was in part mediated by NFAT5. Autocrine/paracrine activation of fibroblast growth factor and adenosine A1 receptors is involved in mediating NaCl-induced expression of the c-Fos gene. Pharmacological inhibition of the AP-1 activity decreased the NaCl-induced expression of the HIF-1α, NFAT5, VEGF, PlGF, and TGF-β2 genes, and prevented the NaCl-induced secretion of PlGF but not of VEGF. Conclusions The data indicate that AP-1 is activated in RPE cells in response to extracellular hyperosmolarity and mediates in part via the NaCl-induced expression of VEGF and PlGF, and secretion of PlGF. It is suggested that high consumption of dietary salt may exacerbate the angiogenic response of RPE cells in part via activation of AP-1.
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12
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Flt3 Regulation in the Mononuclear Phagocyte System Promotes Ocular Neovascularization. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:2518568. [PMID: 29854425 PMCID: PMC5960574 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2518568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3), a tyrosine kinase receptor expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, is important for both normal myeloid and lymphoid differentiation. It has been implicated in mice and humans for potential multilineage differentiation. We found that mice deficient in Flt3 or mice that received an Flt3 inhibitor (AC220) showed significantly reduced areas of ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization (RNV) and laser-induced choroidal NV (CNV) (P < 0.05). Increased Flt3 expression at the protein level was detected in retinas of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice at P15 and P18 during retinal NV (RNV) progression. We subsequently found that macrophages (Mphi) polarization was regulated at the site of CNV in Flt3-deficient mice. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that Flt3 deficiency shifted Mphi polarization towards an M2 phenotype during RNV with significant reduction in M1 cytokine expression when compared to the wild-type controls (P < 0.05). Based on the above findings, we concluded that Flt3 inhibition alleviated ocular NV by promoting a Mphi polarization shift towards the M2 phenotype. Therapies targeting Flt3 may provide a new approach for the treatment of ocular NV.
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Jo DH, Kim JH, Yang W, Kim H, Chang S, Kim D, Chang M, Lee K, Chung J, Kim JH. Anti-complement component 5 antibody targeting MG4 domain inhibits choroidal neovascularization. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45506-45516. [PMID: 28477014 PMCID: PMC5542204 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the main causes of visual impairment in adults. Visual deterioration is more prominent in neovascular AMD with choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Clinical and postmortem studies suggested that complement system activation might induce CNV. In this study, we demonstrated that an anti-mouse complement component 5 (C5) antibody targeting MG4 domain of β chain effectively inhibited CNV which was induced by laser photocoagulation in mice. The targeted epitope of this anti-C5 antibody was different from that of currently utilized anti-C5 antibody (eculizumab) in the MG7 domain in which a single nucleotide polymorphism (R885H/C) results in poor response to eculizumab. Even with targeting MG4 domain, this anti-C5 antibody reduced production of C5a, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor to prevent infiltration of F4/80-positive cells into CNV lesions and formation of CNV. Furthermore, anti-C5 antibody targeting MG4 domain induced no definite toxicity in normal retina. These results demonstrated that anti-C5 antibody targeting MG4 domain inhibited CNV in neovascular AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Jo
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Protein Metabolism, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Kim
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyori Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinjae Chang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion, Inc., Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjo Kim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion, Inc., Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Chang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion, Inc., Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihwang Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Protein Metabolism, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Chen L, Liu GQ, Wu HY, Jin J, Yin X, Li D, Lu PR. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and fractalkine play opposite roles in angiogenesis via recruitment of different macrophage subtypes. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:216-222. [PMID: 29487809 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.02.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the interaction between macrophages and chemokines [monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and fractalkine/CX3CL1] and the effects of their interaction on neovascularization. METHODS Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, donated by healthy volunteers, were separated and cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, then induced into macrophages by stimulation with 30 µg/L granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The expression of CCR2 and/or CX3CR1 in the macrophages was examined using flow cytometry. Macrophages were then stimulated with recombinant human CCL2 (rh-CCL2) or recombinant human CX3CL1 (rh-CX3CL1). The expression of angiogenesis-related genes, including VEGF-A, THBS-1 and ADAMTS-1 were examined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Supernatants from stimulated macrophages were used in an assay of human retinal endothelial cell (HREC) proliferation. Finally, stimulated macrophages were co-cultured with HREC in a migration assay. RESULTS The expression rate of CCR2 in macrophages stimulated by GM-CSF was 42%±1.9%. The expression rate of CX3CR1 was 71%±3.3%. Compared with vehicle-treated groups, gene expression of VEGF-A in the macrophages was greater in 150 mg/L CCL2-treated groups (P<0.05), while expression of THBS-1 and ADAMTS-1 was significantly lower (P<0.05). By contrast, compared with vehicle-treated groups, expression of VEGF-A in 150 mg/L CX3CL1-treated groups was significantly lower (P<0.05), while expression of THBS-1 and ADAMTS-1 was greater (P<0.05). Supernatants from CCL2 treated macrophages promoted proliferation of HREC (P<0.05), while supernatants from CX3CL1-treated macrophages inhibited the proliferation of HREC (P<0.05). HREC migration increased when co-cultured with CCL2-treated macrophages, but decreased with CX3CL1-treated macrophages (P<0.05). CONCLUSION CCL2 and CX3CL1 exert different effects in regulation of macrophage in expression of angiogenesis-related factors, including VEGF-A, THBS-1 and ADAMTS-1. Our findings suggest that CCL2 and CX3CL1 may be candidate proteins for further exploration of novel targets for treatment of ocular neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gao-Qin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Ya Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ji Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pei-Rong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
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15
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Oligonucleotide-conjugated nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery via scavenger receptors class A: An in vitro assessment for proof-of-concept. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:647-655. [PMID: 28827202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spherical nucleic acid gold nanoparticles represent a unique nanotechnology in which the spherical arrangement of oligonucleotides enables the nanoparticles to be efficiently internalized into cells expressing scavenger receptors class A (SR-A). Herein, we seek to replace the gold core with a biodegradable polymeric construct and explore their potential applications in targeted drug delivery. Oligonucleotide-conjugated poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and gel electrophoresis. This polymer was applied to fabricate micellar nanoparticles (OLN-NPs) by an anti-solvent method. These nanoparticles have a mean particle size about 58.1nm with a narrow size distribution (PDI <0.2) and they were also non-cytotoxic. Relative to non-targeted NPs, OLN-NPs exhibited substantially better uptake (3.94×) in a mouse endothelial cell line (C166), attributing to lipid-raft-mediated endocytosis via SR-A. To explore the potential applications of OLN-NPs as drug carriers, paclitaxel, a poorly soluble anti-angiogenic compound, was selected as the model. OLN-NPs increased the solubility of paclitaxel by at least 300×. The boosted drug solubility in conjunction with improved cellular uptake translated into enhanced in vitro efficacy in the inhibition of angiogenesis. In conclusions, OLN-NPs show considerable promise in targeted drug delivery and their potential applications should be further investigated.
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16
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Shah RS, Soetikno BT, Yi J, Liu W, Skondra D, Zhang HF, Fawzi AA. Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Monitoring Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:OCT86-95. [PMID: 27409510 PMCID: PMC4968775 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-18891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study sought to determine the earliest time-point at which evidence of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) could be detected with visible-light optical coherence tomography angiography (vis-OCTA) in a mouse model of laser-induced CNV. Methods Visible light-OCTA was used to study laser-induced CNV at different time-points after laser injury to monitor CNV development and measure CNV lesion size. Measurements obtained from vis-OCTA angiograms were compared with histopathologic measurements from isolectin-stained choroidal flatmounts. Results Choroidal neovascularization area measurements between the vis-OCTA system and isolectin-stained choroidal flatmounts were significantly different in area for days 2 to 4 postlaser injury, and were not significantly different in area for days 5, 7, and 14. Choroidal neovascularization area measurements taken from the stained flatmounts were larger than their vis-OCTA counterparts for all time-points. Both modalities showed a similar trend of CNV size increasing from the day of laser injury until a peak of day 7 postlaser injury and subsequently decreasing by day 14. Conclusions The earliest vis-OCTA can detect the presence of aberrant vessels in a mouse laser-induced CNV model is 5 days after laser injury. Visible light-OCTA was able to visualize the maximum of the CNV network 7 days postlaser injury, in accordance with choroidal flatmount immunostaining. Visible light-OCTA is a reliable tool in both detecting the presence of CNV development, as well as accurately determining the size of the lesion in a mouse laser-induced CNV model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronil S Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Brian T Soetikno
- Department of Ophthalmology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States 2Functional Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States 3Med
| | - Ji Yi
- Functional Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Wenzhong Liu
- Functional Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Dimitra Skondra
- Department of Ophthalmology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Hao F Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States 2Functional Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Amani A Fawzi
- Department of Ophthalmology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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17
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Tahiri H, Omri S, Yang C, Duhamel F, Samarani S, Ahmad A, Vezina M, Bussières M, Vaucher E, Sapieha P, Hickson G, Hammamji K, Lapointe R, Rodier F, Tremblay S, Royal I, Cailhier JF, Chemtob S, Hardy P. Lymphocytic Microparticles Modulate Angiogenic Properties of Macrophages in Laser-induced Choroidal Neovascularization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37391. [PMID: 27874077 PMCID: PMC5118818 DOI: 10.1038/srep37391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the common cause of vision loss in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Macrophages possess potential angiogenic function in CNV. We have demonstrated that human T lymphocyte-derived microparticles (LMPs) exert a potent antiangiogenic effect in several pathological neovascularization models. In this study, we investigated the alteration of proangiogenic properties of macrophages by LMPs treatment in vitro and in vivo models. LMPs regulated the expression of several angiogenesis-related factors in macrophages and consequently stimulated their antiangiogenic effects evidenced by the suppression of the proliferation of human retinal endothelial cells in co-culture experiments. The involvement of CD36 receptor in LMPs uptake by macrophages was demonstrated by in vitro assays and by immunostaining of choroidal flat mounts. In addition, ex vivo experiments showed that CD36 mediates the antiangiogenic effect of LMPs in murine and human choroidal explants. Furthermore, intravitreal injection of LMPs in the mouse model of laser-induced CNV significantly suppressed CNV in CD36 dependent manner. The results of this study suggested an ability of LMPs to alter the gene expression pattern of angiogenesis-related factors in macrophages, which provide important information for a new therapeutic approach for efficiently interfering with both vascular and extravascular components of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Tahiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Center CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Samy Omri
- Research Center Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Chun Yang
- Research Center CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - François Duhamel
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Suzanne Samarani
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Vezina
- Charles River Laboratories, Senneville, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Elvire Vaucher
- School of Optometry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Research Center Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gilles Hickson
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Karim Hammamji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Réjean Lapointe
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, CRCHUM-Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Rodier
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, CRCHUM-Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Tremblay
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Royal
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, CRCHUM-Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Cailhier
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, CRCHUM-Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Center CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Center Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Hardy
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Center CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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18
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Scavenger receptor class-A plays diverse role in innate immunity, cell signaling and different pathologies. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Shah RS, Soetikno BT, Lajko M, Fawzi AA. A Mouse Model for Laser-induced Choroidal Neovascularization. J Vis Exp 2015:e53502. [PMID: 26779879 DOI: 10.3791/53502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model has been a crucial mainstay model for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) research. By administering targeted laser injury to the RPE and Bruch's membrane, the procedure induces angiogenesis, modeling the hallmark pathology observed in neovascular AMD. First developed in non-human primates, the laser-induced CNV model has come to be implemented into many other species, the most recent of which being the mouse. Mouse experiments are advantageously more cost-effective, experiments can be executed on a much faster timeline, and they allow the use of various transgenic models. The miniature size of the mouse eye, however, poses a particular challenge when performing the procedure. Manipulation of the eye to visualize the retina requires practice of fine dexterity skills as well as simultaneous hand-eye-foot coordination to operate the laser. However, once mastered, the model can be applied to study many aspects of neovascular AMD such as molecular mechanisms, the effect of genetic manipulations, and drug treatment effects. The laser-induced CNV model, though useful, is not a perfect model of the disease. The wild-type mouse eye is otherwise healthy, and the chorio-retinal environment does not mimic the pathologic changes in human AMD. Furthermore, injury-induced angiogenesis does not reflect the same pathways as angiogenesis occurring in an age-related and chronic disease state as in AMD. Despite its shortcomings, the laser-induced CNV model is one of the best methods currently available to study the debilitating pathology of neovascular AMD. Its implementation has led to a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of AMD, as well as contributing to the development of many of the AMD therapies currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronil S Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Brian T Soetikno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Michelle Lajko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Amani A Fawzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;
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20
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Choroidal neovascularization is inhibited via an intraocular decrease of inflammatory cells in mice lacking complement component C3. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15702. [PMID: 26507897 PMCID: PMC4623476 DOI: 10.1038/srep15702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In early age-related macular degeneration (AMD), complement component C3 can be observed in drusen, which is the accumulation of material beneath the retinal pigment epithelium. The complement pathways, via the activation of C3, can upregulate the expression of cytokines and their receptors and the recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes, both of which play an important role in the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in exudative AMD. Laser-induced CNV lesions were found to be significantly smaller in C3−/− mice than in wild-type mice. By using flow cytometry, we demonstrated that the proportions of intraocular granulocytes, CD11b+F4/80+Ly6Chi and CD11b+F4/80+Ly6Clo cells, were lower in C3−/− mice than in wild-type mice as early as day 1 after laser injury, and the proportions of granulocytes and three macrophage/monocyte subsets were significantly lower on day 3. In contrast, C3−/− mice had more granulocytes and CD11b+F4/80+Ly6Chi cells in peripheral blood than wild-type mice after injury. Further, the expression levels of Vegfa164 were upregulated in intraocular Ly6Chi macrophages/monocytes of C3−/− mice, but not as much as in wild-type mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that despite a more pronounced induction of systemic inflammation, inhibition of complement factor C3 suppresses CNV by decreasing the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lesion.
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21
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Karlstetter M, Scholz R, Rutar M, Wong WT, Provis JM, Langmann T. Retinal microglia: just bystander or target for therapy? Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 45:30-57. [PMID: 25476242 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Resident microglial cells can be regarded as the immunological watchdogs of the brain and the retina. They are active sensors of their neuronal microenvironment and rapidly respond to various insults with a morphological and functional transformation into reactive phagocytes. There is strong evidence from animal models and in situ analyses of human tissue that microglial reactivity is a common hallmark of various retinal degenerative and inflammatory diseases. These include rare hereditary retinopathies such as retinitis pigmentosa and X-linked juvenile retinoschisis but also comprise more common multifactorial retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and uveitis as well as neurological disorders with ocular manifestation. In this review, we describe how microglial function is kept in balance under normal conditions by cross-talk with other retinal cells and summarize how microglia respond to different forms of retinal injury. In addition, we present the concept that microglia play a key role in local regulation of complement in the retina and specify aspects of microglial aging relevant for chronic inflammatory processes in the retina. We conclude that this resident immune cell of the retina cannot be simply regarded as bystander of disease but may instead be a potential therapeutic target to be modulated in the treatment of degenerative and inflammatory diseases of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Karlstetter
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Scholz
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matt Rutar
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Wai T Wong
- Unit on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jan M Provis
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Thomas Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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