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Mahmood L, Keskin S, Jefferson AA. Precision care in the treatment of pediatric asthma. Curr Opin Pediatr 2024; 36:304-309. [PMID: 38411592 PMCID: PMC11042999 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Precision medicine in pediatric asthma involves identification of asthma phenotypes, genetic markers, biomarkers, and biologics that target specific pathways. This review includes a discussion of the efficacy of currently approved biologics for pediatric asthma and most recent advances in biomarker/phenotype identification and genetic associations that affect asthma care. RECENT FINDINGS Biologics targeting type-2 mediated pathways have shown success in the treatment of moderate to severe asthma in pediatric and adult patients. In comparative studies, dupilumab, an interleukin-4 (IL-4) alpha receptor inhibitor, and mepolizumab, an IL-5 inhibitor, have shown more improvement in asthma exacerbation rates and lung function compared to other biologics such as tezepelumab, omalizumab and benralizumab. Other methods used to categorize asthma treatment response have been investigated and include use of biomarkers such as fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Genomic studies are also emerging in precision care for pediatric asthma. SUMMARY An understanding of underlying immunologic and genetic mechanisms affecting the development of asthma in pediatric patients has resulted in the production of numerous targeted therapies that have led to improvement in lung function and reduced exacerbation burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Mahmood
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sevdenur Keskin
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Akilah A. Jefferson
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Little Rock, Arkansas
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2
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Catunda RQ, Ho KKY, Patel S, Roy CB, Alexiou M, Levin L, Ulrich BJ, Kaplan MH, Febbraio M. Loricrin and Cytokeratin Disorganisation in Severe Forms of Periodontitis. Int Dent J 2023; 73:862-872. [PMID: 37316411 PMCID: PMC10658443 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to investigate the role of the cornified epithelium, the outermost layer of the oral mucosa, engineered to prevent water loss and microorganism invasion, in severe forms of periodontitis (stage III or IV, grade C). METHODS Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontal disease pathogen, can affect cornified epithelial protein expression through chronic activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6). We used a mouse model, Stat6VT, that mimics this to determine the effects of barrier defect on P gingivalis-induced inflammation, bone loss, and cornified epithelial protein expression, and compared histologic and immunohistologic findings with tissues obtained from human controls and patients with stage III and IV, grade C disease. Alveolar bone loss in mice was assessed using micro-computerised tomography, and soft tissue morphology was qualitatively and semi-quantitatively assessed by histologic examination for several proteins, including loricrin, filaggrin, cytokeratin 1, cytokeratin 14, a proliferation marker, a pan-leukocyte marker, as well as morphologic signs of inflammation. Relative cytokine levels were measured in mouse plasma by cytokine array. RESULTS In the tissues from patients with periodontal disease, there were greater signs of inflammation (rete pegs, clear cells, inflammatory infiltrates) and a decrease and broadening of expression of loricrin and cytokeratin 1. Cytokeratin 14 expression was also broader and decreased in stage IV. P gingivalis-infected Stat6VT mice showed greater alveolar bone loss in 9 out of 16 examined sites, and similar patterns of disruption to human patients in expression of loricrin and cytokeratins 1 and 14. There were also increased numbers of leukocytes, decreased proliferation, and greater signs of inflammation compared with P gingivalis-infected control mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that changes in epithelial organisation can exacerbate the effects of P gingivalis infection, with similarities to the most severe forms of human periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa Queiroz Catunda
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen Ka-Yan Ho
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Srushti Patel
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher Bryant Roy
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria Alexiou
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Liran Levin
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Yang Y, Zhong J, Cui D, Jensen LD. Up-to-date molecular medicine strategies for management of ocular surface neovascularization. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115084. [PMID: 37689278 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Ocular surface neovascularization and its resulting pathological changes significantly alter corneal refraction and obstruct the light path to the retina, and hence is a major cause of vision loss. Various factors such as infection, irritation, trauma, dry eye, and ocular surface surgery trigger neovascularization via angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis dependent on VEGF-related and alternative mechanisms. Recent advances in antiangiogenic drugs, nanotechnology, gene therapy, surgical equipment and techniques, animal models, and drug delivery strategies have provided a range of novel therapeutic options for the treatment of ocular surface neovascularization. In this review article, we comprehensively discuss the etiology and mechanisms of corneal neovascularization and other types of ocular surface neovascularization, as well as emerging animal models and drug delivery strategies that facilitate its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Junmu Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan 364000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lasse D Jensen
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Comparison of cytokine mediators in type 2 inflammatory conditions on the skin and ocular surface. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:319-327. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Li X, Han Z, Wang F, Qiao J. The STAT6 inhibitor AS1517499 reduces the risk of asthma in mice with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis by blocking the STAT6 signaling pathway. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 18:12. [PMID: 35177102 PMCID: PMC8851827 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-022-00652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have revealed a link between atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. AS1517499, a selective signal transducer and activation of transcription 6 (STAT6) inhibitor, has been shown to effectively block this connection. In this study, we further explored the underlying mechanism by constructing an AD mouse model. METHODS Female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10/group). The AD mouse model was established by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene induction with repeated ovalbumin challenge. AS1517499 and corn oil were used as treatment interventions. The features of airway inflammation, remodeling, and hyperactivity were analyzed. RESULTS Active use of AS1517499 in AD mice effectively reduced Th2-related cytokine levels, alleviated airway eosinophil and lymphocyte infiltration, and regulated GATA3/Foxp3 levels and subepithelial collagen deposition. These changes might be due to specific blockade of the STAT6 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION AS1517499 could partially block the association between AD and asthma by specifically inhibiting the STAT6 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Li
- Department of Respiratory, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Zhaoqing Han
- Department of Respiratory, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Jianou Qiao
- Department of Respiratory, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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Khan IM, Ulrich BJ, Nelson AS, Sehra S, Kansas GS, Kaplan MH. Selectin Dependence of Allergic Skin Inflammation Is Diminished by Maternal Atopy. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:703-710. [PMID: 34433625 PMCID: PMC8638165 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic skin inflammation requires the influx of inflammatory cells into the skin. Extravasation of leukocytes into the skin requires interactions between endothelial selectins and their glycan ligands on the surface of leukocytes. Selectin-ligand formation requires the activity of several glycosyltransferases, including Fut7 In this report, we tested the importance of Fut7 for the development of allergic skin inflammation in the Stat6VT transgenic mouse model. We observed that Fut7 deficiency was protective but did not eliminate disease. Segregation of the data by gender of the parent that transmitted the Stat6VT transgene, but not by gender of the pups, which were analyzed for disease, revealed that the protective effects of Fut7 deficiency were significantly greater when dams were Stat6VT negative. In contrast, in mice from litters of Stat6VT+ dams, Fut7 deficiency resulted in only modest protection. These findings indicate that pups from atopic dams exhibit a greater propensity for allergic disease, similar to observations in humans, and that the effect of maternal atopy is due to enhanced selectin-independent mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment in their offspring. Together, these results demonstrate that Fut7 deficiency can be protective in a model of atopic dermatitis but that maternal atopy diminishes these protective effects, suggesting alternative pathways for leukocyte recruitment in the absence of Fut7 enzyme activity. These observations have implications for understanding how the environment in utero predisposes for the development of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Benjamin J Ulrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Andrew S Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; and
| | - Sarita Sehra
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; and
| | - Geoffrey S Kansas
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN;
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; and
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DaSilva-Arnold SC, Thyagarajan A, Seymour LJ, Yi Q, Bradish JR, Al-Hassani M, Zhou H, Perdue NJ, Nemeth V, Krbanjevic A, Serezani APM, Olson MR, Spandau DF, Travers JB, Kaplan MH, Turner MJ. Phenotyping acute and chronic atopic dermatitis-like lesions in Stat6VT mice identifies a role for IL-33 in disease pathogenesis. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:197-207. [PMID: 29368135 PMCID: PMC6198812 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Stat6VT mouse model of atopic dermatitis (AD) is induced by T-cell-specific expression of a constitutively active form of the protein signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6). Although AD-like lesions are known to develop in Stat6VT mice, this study was designed to determine if these mice develop acute and chronic phases of disease similar to humans. To address this, AD-like lesions from Stat6VT mice were harvested at two different timepoints relative to their onset. Lesions harvested within 1 week after development were defined as acute lesions, and those present for 1 month or more were defined as chronic lesions. Acute and chronic AD-like lesions from Stat6VT mice exhibited histologic findings and cytokine expression patterns similar to acute and chronic AD lesions in humans. Further analysis revealed increased levels of interleukin (IL)-33 transcripts in AD-like lesions compared to Stat6VT nonlesional and wild-type skin controls. Immunofluorescence also revealed increased numbers of IL-33+ keratinocytes in Stat6VT lesional skin and localized IL-33+ keratinocytes to a keratin 5+ subset. Furthermore, AD-like disease was more severe in IL-33-deficient Stat6VT mice compared to IL-33-sufficient Stat6VT mice. These studies suggest that Stat6VT mice can serve as a model of acute and chronic AD and that IL-33 may attenuate inflammation in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia C DaSilva-Arnold
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Leroy J Seymour
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Qiaofang Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Joshua R Bradish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mohammed Al-Hassani
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hongming Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Nikolajs J Perdue
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Val Nemeth
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Aleksandar Krbanjevic
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ana P M Serezani
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Dan F Spandau
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Matthew J Turner
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Martel BC, Lovato P, Bäumer W, Olivry T. Translational Animal Models of Atopic Dermatitis for Preclinical Studies. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 90:389-402. [PMID: 28955179 PMCID: PMC5612183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is a medical need to develop new treatments for patients suffering from atopic dermatitis (AD). To improve the discovery and testing of novel treatments, relevant animal models for AD are needed. Generally, these animal models mimic different aspects of the pathophysiology of human AD, such as skin barrier defects and Th2 immune bias with additional Th1 and Th22, and in some populations Th17, activation. However, the pathomechanistic characterization and pharmacological validation of these animal models are generally incomplete. In this paper, we review animal models of AD in the context of preclinical use and their possible translation to the human disease. Most of these models use mice, but we will also critically evaluate dog models of AD, as increasing information on disease mechanism show their likely relevance for the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta C. Martel
- LEO Pharma A/S, Ballerup, Denmark,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Wolfgang Bäumer
- Department of Molecular Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Thierry Olivry, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, E-mail:
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9
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Krishnamurthy P, Da-Silva-Arnold S, Turner MJ, Travers JB, Kaplan MH. Poly-ADP ribose polymerase-14 limits severity of allergic skin disease. Immunology 2017; 152:451-461. [PMID: 28653395 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-ADP ribose polymerase-14 (PARP14 or ARTD8) was initially identified as a transcriptional co-activator for signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6), where the presence of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and activated Stat6 induces the enzymatic activity of PARP14 that promotes T helper type 2 differentiation and allergic airway disease. To further our understanding of PARP14 in allergic disease, we studied the function of PARP14 in allergic inflammation of skin using mice that express constitutively active Stat6 in T cells (Stat6VT) and develop spontaneous inflammation of the skin. We mated Stat6VT mice to Parp14-/- mice and observed that approximately 75% of the Stat6VT × Parp14-/- mice develop severe atopic dermatitis (AD)-like lesions, compared with about 50% of Stat6VT mice, and have increased morbidity compared with Stat6VT mice. Despite this, gene expression in the skin and the cellular infiltrates was only modestly altered by the absence of PARP14. In contrast, we saw significant changes in systemic T-cell cytokine production. Moreover, adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that decreases in IL-4 production reflected a cell intrinsic role for PARP14 in Th2 cytokine control. Hence, our data suggest that although PARP14 has similar effects on T-cell cytokine production in several allergic disease models, the outcome of those effects is distinct, depending on the target organ of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sonia Da-Silva-Arnold
- Department of Dermatology, and Roudebush Veterans' Administration Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew J Turner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Dermatology, and Roudebush Veterans' Administration Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Dermatology, and Roudebush Veterans' Administration Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Lu S, Yan Y, Li Z, Chen L, Yang J, Zhang Y, Wang S, Liu L. Determination of Genes Related to Uveitis by Utilization of the Random Walk with Restart Algorithm on a Protein-Protein Interaction Network. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051045. [PMID: 28505077 PMCID: PMC5454957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis, defined as inflammation of the uveal tract, may cause blindness in both young and middle-aged people. Approximately 10–15% of blindness in the West is caused by uveitis. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation to determine the disease pathogenesis is urgent, as it will thus be possible to design effective treatments. Identification of the disease genes that cause uveitis is an important requirement to achieve this goal. To begin to answer this question, in this study, a computational method was proposed to identify novel uveitis-related genes. This method was executed on a large protein–protein interaction network and employed a popular ranking algorithm, the Random Walk with Restart (RWR) algorithm. To improve the utility of the method, a permutation test and a procedure for selecting core genes were added, which helped to exclude false discoveries and select the most important candidate genes. The five-fold cross-validation was adopted to evaluate the method, yielding the average F1-measure of 0.189. In addition, we compared our method with a classic GBA-based method to further indicate its utility. Based on our method, 56 putative genes were chosen for further assessment. We have determined that several of these genes (e.g., CCL4, Jun, and MMP9) are likely to be important for the pathogenesis of uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiheng Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
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11
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Krishnamurthy P, Kaplan MH. STAT6 and PARP Family Members in the Development of T Cell-dependent Allergic Inflammation. Immune Netw 2016; 16:201-10. [PMID: 27574499 PMCID: PMC5002446 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.4.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic inflammation requires the orchestration of altered gene expression in the target tissue and in the infiltrating immune cells. The transcription factor STAT6 is critical in activating cytokine gene expression and cytokine signaling both in the immune cells and in target tissue cells including airway epithelia, keratinocytes and esophageal epithelial cells. STAT6 is activated by the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 to mediate the pathogenesis of allergic disorders such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). In this review, we summarize the role of STAT6 in allergic diseases, its interaction with the co-factor PARP14 and the molecular mechanisms by which STAT6 and PARP14 regulate gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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12
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Sehra S, Serezani APM, Ocaña JA, Travers JB, Kaplan MH. Mast Cells Regulate Epidermal Barrier Function and the Development of Allergic Skin Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1429-1437. [PMID: 27021404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by infiltration of eosinophils, T helper cells, and mast cells. The role of mast cells in atopic dermatitis is not completely understood. To define the effects of mast cells on skin biology, we observed that mast cells regulate the homeostatic expression of epidermal differentiation complex and other skin genes. Decreased epidermal differentiation complex gene expression in mice that genetically lack mast cells (Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice) is associated with increased uptake of protein antigens painted on the skin by dendritic cells (DCs) compared with similarly treated wild-type mice, suggesting a protective role for mast cells in exposure to nominal environmental allergens. To test this further, we crossed Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice with signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (i.e., Stat6) VT transgenic mice that develop spontaneous atopic dermatitis-like disease that is dependent on T helper cell 2 cytokines and is associated with high serum concentrations of IgE. We observed that Stat6VT × Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice developed more frequent and more severe allergic skin inflammation than Stat6VT transgenic mice that had mast cells. Together, these studies suggest that mast cells regulate epidermal barrier function and have a potential protective role in the development of atopic dermatitis-like disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Sehra
- Department of Pediatrics and Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ana P M Serezani
- Department of Pediatrics and Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jesus A Ocaña
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics and Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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