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Wilmet B, Michiels C, Zhang J, Callebert J, Sahel JA, Picaud S, Audo I, Zeitz C. Loss of ON-Pathway Function in Mice Lacking Lrit3 Decreases Recovery From Lens-Induced Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:18. [PMID: 39250117 PMCID: PMC11385651 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.11.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether the Lrit3-/- mouse model of complete congenital stationary night blindness with an ON-pathway defect harbors myopic features and whether the genetic defect influences the recovery from lens-induced myopia. Methods Retinal levels of dopamine (DA) and 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) from adult isolated Lrit3-/- retinas were quantified using ultra performance liquid chromatography after light adaptation. Natural refractive development of Lrit3-/- mice was measured from three weeks to nine weeks of age using an infrared photorefractometer. Susceptibility to myopia induction was assessed using a lens-induced myopia protocol with -25 D lenses placed in front of the right eye of the animals for three weeks; the mean interocular shift was measured with an infrared photorefractometer after two and three weeks of goggling and after one and two weeks after removal of goggles. Results Compared to wild-type littermates (Lrit3+/+), both DA and DOPAC were drastically reduced in Lrit3-/- retinas. Natural refractive development was normal but Lrit3-/- mice showed a higher myopic shift and a lower ability to recover from induced myopia. Conclusions Our data consolidate the link between ON pathway defect altered dopaminergic signaling and myopia. We document for the first time the role of ON pathway on the recovery from myopia induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Wilmet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Jingyi Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Callebert
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, INSERM U942, Hospital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - José Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares REFERET and INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA, United States
| | - Serge Picaud
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares REFERET and INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France
| | - Christina Zeitz
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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Yu M, Hao W, Wang M, Ruan Z, Li Z, Xiang C, Wang L, Hu Y, Yang X. Characterizing Retinal Sensitivity and Structure in Congenital Stationary Night Blindness: A Combined Microperimetry and OCT Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:35. [PMID: 38916884 PMCID: PMC11204054 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the characteristics of microperimetry and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB), as well as their structure-function association. Methods This cross-sectional study included 32 eyes from 32 participants with CSNB, comprising 18 with complete CSNB and 14 with incomplete CSNB, along with 36 eyes from 36 CSNB-unaffected controls matched for age, sex, and spherical equivalent. Using MP-3 microperimetry, central retinal sensitivity was assessed within a 20° field, distributed across six concentric rings (0°, 2°, 4°, 6°, 8°, and 10°). OCT was used to analyze retinal and choroidal thickness. The study aimed to assess the overall and ring-wise retinal sensitivity, as well as choroidal and retinal thickness in CSNB and CSNB-unaffected controls, with a secondary focus on the relationship between retinal sensitivity and microstructural features on OCT. Results In comparison with CSNB-unaffected subjects, the overall and ring-wise retinal sensitivity as well as choroidal thickness were reduced in patients with CSNB (P < 0.001). Moreover, the central sensitivity in incomplete CSNB group was lower than in complete CSNB group (25.72 ± 3.93 dB vs. 21.92 ± 4.10 dB; P < 0.001). The retinal thickness in the CSNB group was thinner outside the fovea compared with the CSNB-unaffected group. Multiple mixed regression analyses revealed that point-to-point retinal sensitivity was significantly correlated with BCVA (P = 0.002) and the corresponding retinal thickness (P = 0.004). Conclusions Examination of retinal sensitivity and OCT revealed different spatial distribution profiles in CSNB and its subtypes. In CSNB eyes, retinal sensitivity on microperimetry was associated with retinal thickness on OCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenbang Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuqi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Hasan N, Gregg RG. Cone Synaptic function is modulated by the leucine rich repeat (LRR) adhesion molecule LRFN2. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0120-23.2024. [PMID: 38408870 PMCID: PMC10957230 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0120-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Daylight vision is mediated by cone photoreceptors in vertebrates, which synapse with bipolar cells (BCs) and horizontal (HCs) cells. This cone synapse is functionally and anatomically complex, connecting to 8 types of depolarizing BCs (DBCs) and 5 types of hyperpolarizing BCs (HBCs) in mice. The dendrites of DBCs and HCs cells make invaginating ribbon synapses with the cone axon terminal, while HBCs form flat synapses with the cone pedicles. The molecular architecture that underpins this organization is relatively poorly understood. To identify new proteins involved in synapse formation and function we used an unbiased proteomic approach and identified LRFN2 (leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin III domain-containing 2) as a component of the DBC signaling complex. LRFN2 is selectively expressed at cone terminals and co-localizes with PNA, and other DBC signalplex members. In LRFN2 deficient mice, the synaptic markers: LRIT3, ELFN2, mGluR6, TRPM1 and GPR179 are properly localized. Similarly, LRFN2 expression and localization is not dependent on these synaptic proteins. In the absence of LRFN2 the cone-mediated photopic electroretinogram b-wave amplitude is reduced at the brightest flash intensities. These data demonstrate that LRFN2 absence compromises normal synaptic transmission between cones and cone DBCs.Significance Statement Signaling between cone photoreceptors and the downstream bipolar cells is critical to normal vision. Cones synapse with 13 different types of bipolar cells forming an invaginating ribbon synapses with 8 types, and flat synapses with 5 types, to form one of the most complex synapses in the brain. In this report a new protein, LRFN2 (leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin III domain-containing 2), was identified that is expressed at the cone synapse. Using Lrfn2 knockout mice we show LRFN2 is required for the normal cone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazarul Hasan
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Ronald G. Gregg
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
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Wakeham CM, Shi Q, Ren G, Haley TL, Duvoisin RM, von Gersdorff H, Morgans CW. Trophoblast glycoprotein is required for efficient synaptic vesicle exocytosis from retinal rod bipolar cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1306006. [PMID: 38099150 PMCID: PMC10720453 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1306006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rod bipolar cells (RBCs) faithfully transmit light-driven signals from rod photoreceptors in the outer retina to third order neurons in the inner retina. Recently, significant work has focused on the role of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins in synaptic development and signal transduction at RBC synapses. We previously identified trophoblast glycoprotein (TPBG) as a novel transmembrane LRR protein localized to the dendrites and axon terminals of RBCs. Methods We examined the effects on RBC physiology and retinal processing of TPBG genetic knockout in mice using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, electroretinogram recording, patch-clamp electrophysiology, and time-resolved membrane capacitance measurements. Results The scotopic electroretinogram showed a modest increase in the b-wave and a marked attenuation in oscillatory potentials in the TPBG knockout. No effect of TPBG knockout was observed on the RBC dendritic morphology, TRPM1 currents, or RBC excitability. Because scotopic oscillatory potentials primarily reflect RBC-driven rhythmic activity of the inner retina, we investigated the contribution of TPBG to downstream transmission from RBCs to third-order neurons. Using electron microscopy, we found shorter synaptic ribbons in TPBG knockout axon terminals in RBCs. Time-resolved capacitance measurements indicated that TPBG knockout reduces synaptic vesicle exocytosis and subsequent GABAergic reciprocal feedback without altering voltage-gated Ca2+ currents. Discussion TPBG is required for normal synaptic ribbon development and efficient neurotransmitter release from RBCs to downstream cells. Our results highlight a novel synaptic role for TPBG at RBC ribbon synapses and support further examination into the mechanisms by which TPBG regulates RBC physiology and circuit function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M. Wakeham
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Qing Shi
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Gaoying Ren
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Tammie L. Haley
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Robert M. Duvoisin
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Henrique von Gersdorff
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Catherine W. Morgans
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Gregg RG, Hasan N, Borghuis BG. LRIT3 expression in cone photoreceptors restores post-synaptic bipolar cell signalplex assembly and partial function in Lrit3 -/- mice. iScience 2023; 26:106499. [PMID: 37091241 PMCID: PMC10113827 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Complete congenital stationary night blindness (cCSNB) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by poor dim-light vision, myopia, and nystagmus that is caused by mutations in genes critical for signal transmission between photoreceptors and depolarizing bipolar cells (DBCs). One such gene, LRIT3, is required for assembly of the post-synaptic signaling complex (signalplex) at the dendritic tips of DBCs, although the number of signalplex components impacted is greater in cone DBCs (all components) than in rod bipolar cells (only TRPM1 and Nyctalopin). Here we show that rAAV-mediated expression of LRIT3 in cones results in robust rescue of cone DBC signalplex components and partially restores downstream visual function, as measured by the light-adapted electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave and electrophysiological recordings of bipolar cells (BCs) and RGCs. These data show that LRIT3 successfully restores partial function to cone DBCs most likely in a trans-synaptic manner, potentially paving the way for therapeutic intervention in LRIT3-associated cCSNB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald G. Gregg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Nazarul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Bart G. Borghuis
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Corresponding author
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Frederick CE, Zenisek D. Ribbon Synapses and Retinal Disease: Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5090. [PMID: 36982165 PMCID: PMC10049380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic ribbons are presynaptic protein complexes that are believed to be important for the transmission of sensory information in the visual system. Ribbons are selectively associated with those synapses where graded changes in membrane potential drive continuous neurotransmitter release. Defective synaptic transmission can arise as a result of the mutagenesis of a single ribbon component. Visual diseases that stem from malfunctions in the presynaptic molecular machinery of ribbon synapses in the retina are rare. In this review, we provide an overview of synaptopathies that give rise to retinal malfunction and our present understanding of the mechanisms that underlie their pathogenesis and discuss muscular dystrophies that exhibit ribbon synapse involvement in the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Zenisek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208026, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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7
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Wilmet B, Callebert J, Duvoisin R, Goulet R, Tourain C, Michiels C, Frederiksen H, Schaeffel F, Marre O, Sahel JA, Audo I, Picaud S, Zeitz C. Mice Lacking Gpr179 with Complete Congenital Stationary Night Blindness Are a Good Model for Myopia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010219. [PMID: 36613663 PMCID: PMC9820543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GPR179 are one of the most common causes of autosomal recessive complete congenital stationary night blindness (cCSNB). This retinal disease is characterized in patients by impaired dim and night vision, associated with other ocular symptoms, including high myopia. cCSNB is caused by a complete loss of signal transmission from photoreceptors to ON-bipolar cells. In this study, we hypothesized that the lack of Gpr179 and the subsequent impaired ON-pathway could lead to myopic features in a mouse model of cCSNB. Using ultra performance liquid chromatography, we show that adult Gpr179-/- mice have a significant decrease in both retinal dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, compared to Gpr179+/+ mice. This alteration of the dopaminergic system is thought to be correlated with an increased susceptibility to lens-induced myopia but does not affect the natural refractive development. Altogether, our data added a novel myopia model, which could be used to identify therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Wilmet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (C.Z.); Tel.: +33-1-53-46-25-26 (B.W.); +33-1-53-46-25-40 (C.Z.)
| | - Jacques Callebert
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, INSERM U942, Hospital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Robert Duvoisin
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ruben Goulet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Tourain
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Neurophotonics Laboratory, CNRS UMR8250, Paris Descartes University, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Christelle Michiels
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Helen Frederiksen
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Frank Schaeffel
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Section of Neurobiology of the Eye, Ophthalmic Research Institute, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Zeiss Vision Lab, Ophthalmic Research Institute, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Olivier Marre
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - José Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, 75012 Paris, France
- Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, 75019 Paris, France
- Académie des Sciences, Institut de France, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Serge Picaud
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Christina Zeitz
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (C.Z.); Tel.: +33-1-53-46-25-26 (B.W.); +33-1-53-46-25-40 (C.Z.)
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8
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Miyadera K, Santana E, Roszak K, Iffrig S, Visel M, Iwabe S, Boyd RF, Bartoe JT, Sato Y, Gray A, Ripolles-Garcia A, Dufour VL, Byrne LC, Flannery JG, Beltran WA, Aguirre GD. Targeting ON-bipolar cells by AAV gene therapy stably reverses LRIT3-congenital stationary night blindness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117038119. [PMID: 35316139 PMCID: PMC9060458 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117038119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SignificanceCanine models of inherited retinal diseases have helped advance adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapies targeting specific cells in the outer retina for treating blinding diseases in patients. However, therapeutic targeting of diseases such as congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) that exhibit defects in ON-bipolar cells (ON-BCs) of the midretina remains underdeveloped. Using a leucine-rich repeat, immunoglobulin-like and transmembrane domain 3 (LRIT3) mutant canine model of CSNB exhibiting ON-BC dysfunction, we tested the ability of cell-specific AAV capsids and promotors to specifically target ON-BCs for gene delivery. Subretinal injection of one vector demonstrated safety and efficacy with robust and stable rescue of electroretinography signals and night vision up to 1 y, paving the way for clinical trials in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Miyadera
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Evelyn Santana
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Karolina Roszak
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sommer Iffrig
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Meike Visel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Simone Iwabe
- Ophthalmology Services, Charles River Laboratories, Mattawan, MI 49071
| | - Ryan F. Boyd
- Ophthalmology Services, Charles River Laboratories, Mattawan, MI 49071
| | - Joshua T. Bartoe
- Ophthalmology Services, Charles River Laboratories, Mattawan, MI 49071
| | - Yu Sato
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Alexa Gray
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ana Ripolles-Garcia
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Valérie L. Dufour
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Leah C. Byrne
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - John G. Flannery
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - William A. Beltran
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Gustavo D. Aguirre
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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9
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Varin J, Bouzidi N, Gauvain G, Joffrois C, Desrosiers M, Robert C, De Sousa Dias MM, Neuillé M, Michiels C, Nassisi M, Sahel JA, Picaud S, Audo I, Dalkara D, Zeitz C. Substantial restoration of night vision in adult mice with congenital stationary night blindness. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 22:15-25. [PMID: 34401402 PMCID: PMC8339357 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Complete congenital stationary night blindness (cCSNB) due to mutations in TRPM1, GRM6, GPR179, NYX, or leucine-rich repeat immunoglobulin-like transmembrane domain 3 (LRIT3) is an incurable inherited retinal disorder characterized by an ON-bipolar cell (ON-BC) defect. Since the disease is non-degenerative and stable, treatment could theoretically be administrated at any time in life, making it a promising target for gene therapy. Until now, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated therapies lead to significant functional improvements only in newborn cCSNB mice. Here we aimed to restore protein localization and function in adult Lrit3 -/ - mice. LRIT3 localizes in the outer plexiform layer and is crucial for TRPM1 localization at the dendritic tips of ON-BCs and the electroretinogram (ERG)-b-wave. AAV2-7m8-Lrit3 intravitreal injections were performed targeting either ON-BCs, photoreceptors (PRs), or both. Protein localization of LRIT3 and TRPM1 at the rod-to-rod BC synapse, functional rescue of scotopic responses, and ON-responses detection at the ganglion cell level were achieved in a few mice when ON-BCs alone or both PRs and ON-BCs, were targeted. More importantly, a significant number of treated adult Lrit3 -/- mice revealed an ERG b-wave recovery under scotopic conditions, improved optomotor responses, and on-time ON-responses at the ganglion cell level when PRs were targeted. Functional rescue was maintained for at least 4 months after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Varin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Nassima Bouzidi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Gregory Gauvain
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Corentin Joffrois
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Camille Robert
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Marion Neuillé
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Marco Nassisi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France.,Academie des Sciences, Institut de France, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Serge Picaud
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Deniz Dalkara
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Christina Zeitz
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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10
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Orhan E, Neuillé M, de Sousa Dias M, Pugliese T, Michiels C, Condroyer C, Antonio A, Sahel JA, Audo I, Zeitz C. A New Mouse Model for Complete Congenital Stationary Night Blindness Due to Gpr179 Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094424. [PMID: 33922602 PMCID: PMC8122890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GPR179 lead to autosomal recessive complete congenital stationary night blindness (cCSNB). This condition represents a signal transmission defect from the photoreceptors to the ON-bipolar cells. To confirm the phenotype, better understand the pathogenic mechanism in vivo, and provide a model for therapeutic approaches, a Gpr179 knock-out mouse model was genetically and functionally characterized. We confirmed that the insertion of a neo/lac Z cassette in intron 1 of Gpr179 disrupts the same gene. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography reveals no obvious retinal structure abnormalities. Gpr179 knock-out mice exhibit a so-called no-b-wave (nob) phenotype with severely reduced b-wave amplitudes in the electroretinogram. Optomotor tests reveal decreased optomotor responses under scotopic conditions. Consistent with the genetic disruption of Gpr179, GPR179 is absent at the dendritic tips of ON-bipolar cells. While proteins of the same signal transmission cascade (GRM6, LRIT3, and TRPM1) are correctly localized, other proteins (RGS7, RGS11, and GNB5) known to regulate GRM6 are absent at the dendritic tips of ON-bipolar cells. These results add a new model of cCSNB, which is important to better understand the role of GPR179, its implication in patients with cCSNB, and its use for the development of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Orhan
- Institut de la Vision, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (E.O.); (M.N.); (M.d.S.D.); (T.P.); (C.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (J.-A.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Marion Neuillé
- Institut de la Vision, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (E.O.); (M.N.); (M.d.S.D.); (T.P.); (C.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (J.-A.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Miguel de Sousa Dias
- Institut de la Vision, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (E.O.); (M.N.); (M.d.S.D.); (T.P.); (C.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (J.-A.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Thomas Pugliese
- Institut de la Vision, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (E.O.); (M.N.); (M.d.S.D.); (T.P.); (C.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (J.-A.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Christelle Michiels
- Institut de la Vision, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (E.O.); (M.N.); (M.d.S.D.); (T.P.); (C.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (J.-A.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Christel Condroyer
- Institut de la Vision, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (E.O.); (M.N.); (M.d.S.D.); (T.P.); (C.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (J.-A.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Aline Antonio
- Institut de la Vision, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (E.O.); (M.N.); (M.d.S.D.); (T.P.); (C.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (J.-A.S.); (I.A.)
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Institut de la Vision, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (E.O.); (M.N.); (M.d.S.D.); (T.P.); (C.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (J.-A.S.); (I.A.)
- Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC1423, F-75012 Paris, France
- Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, F-75019 Paris, France
- Academie des Sciences, Institut de France, F-75006 Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Institut de la Vision, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (E.O.); (M.N.); (M.d.S.D.); (T.P.); (C.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (J.-A.S.); (I.A.)
- Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC1423, F-75012 Paris, France
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Christina Zeitz
- Institut de la Vision, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (E.O.); (M.N.); (M.d.S.D.); (T.P.); (C.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (J.-A.S.); (I.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-53-46-25-40
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11
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Burger CA, Jiang D, Mackin RD, Samuel MA. Development and maintenance of vision's first synapse. Dev Biol 2021; 476:218-239. [PMID: 33848537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Synapses in the outer retina are the first information relay points in vision. Here, photoreceptors form synapses onto two types of interneurons, bipolar cells and horizontal cells. Because outer retina synapses are particularly large and highly ordered, they have been a useful system for the discovery of mechanisms underlying synapse specificity and maintenance. Understanding these processes is critical to efforts aimed at restoring visual function through repairing or replacing neurons and promoting their connectivity. We review outer retina neuron synapse architecture, neural migration modes, and the cellular and molecular pathways that play key roles in the development and maintenance of these connections. We further discuss how these mechanisms may impact connectivity in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Burger
- Huffington Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Danye Jiang
- Huffington Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert D Mackin
- Huffington Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Melanie A Samuel
- Huffington Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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12
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Varin J, Bouzidi N, Dias MMDS, Pugliese T, Michiels C, Robert C, Desrosiers M, Sahel JA, Audo I, Dalkara D, Zeitz C. Restoration of mGluR6 Localization Following AAV-Mediated Delivery in a Mouse Model of Congenital Stationary Night Blindness. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:24. [PMID: 33729473 PMCID: PMC7980044 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.3.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Complete congenital stationary night blindness (cCSNB) is an incurable inherited retinal disorder characterized by an ON-bipolar cell (ON-BC) defect. GRM6 mutations are the third most prevalent cause of cCSNB. The Grm6-/- mouse model mimics the human phenotype, showing no b-wave in the electroretinogram (ERG) and a loss of mGluR6 and other proteins of the same cascade at the outer plexiform layer (OPL). Our aim was to restore protein localization and function in Grm6-/- adult mice targeting specifically ON-BCs or the whole retina. Methods Adeno-associated virus-encoding Grm6 under two different promoters (GRM6-Grm6 and CAG-Grm6) were injected intravitreally in P15 Grm6-/- mice. ERG recordings at 2 and 4 months were performed in Grm6+/+, untreated and treated Grm6-/- mice. Similarly, immunolocalization studies were performed on retinal slices before or after treatment using antibodies against mGluR6, TRPM1, GPR179, RGS7, RGS11, Gβ5, and dystrophin. Results Following treatment, mGluR6 was localized to the dendritic tips of ON-BCs when expressed with either promoter. The relocalization efficiency in mGluR6-transduced retinas at the OPL was 2.5% versus 11% when the GRM6-Grm6 and CAG-Grm6 were used, respectively. Albeit no functional rescue was seen in ERGs, relocalization of TRPM1, GPR179, and Gβ5 was also noted using both constructs. The restoration of the localization of RGS7, RGS11, and dystrophin was more obvious in retinas treated with GRM6-Grm6 than in retinas treated with CAG-Grm6. Conclusions Our findings show the potential of treating cCSNB with GRM6 mutations; however, it appears that the transduction rate must be improved to restore visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Varin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Nassima Bouzidi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Thomas Pugliese
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Camille Robert
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - José-Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France.,Academie des Sciences, Institut de France, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deniz Dalkara
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Christina Zeitz
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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13
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Furukawa T, Ueno A, Omori Y. Molecular mechanisms underlying selective synapse formation of vertebrate retinal photoreceptor cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1251-1266. [PMID: 31586239 PMCID: PMC11105113 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrate central nervous systems (CNSs), highly diverse neurons are selectively connected via synapses, which are essential for building an intricate neural network. The vertebrate retina is part of the CNS and is comprised of a distinct laminar organization, which serves as a good model system to study developmental synapse formation mechanisms. In the retina outer plexiform layer, rods and cones, two types of photoreceptor cells, elaborate selective synaptic contacts with ON- and/or OFF-bipolar cell terminals as well as with horizontal cell terminals. In the mouse retina, three photoreceptor subtypes and at least 15 bipolar subtypes exist. Previous and recent studies have significantly progressed our understanding of how selective synapse formation, between specific subtypes of photoreceptor and bipolar cells, is designed at the molecular level. In the ON pathway, photoreceptor-derived secreted and transmembrane proteins directly interact in trans with the GRM6 (mGluR6) complex, which is localized to ON-bipolar cell dendritic terminals, leading to selective synapse formation. Here, we review our current understanding of the key factors and mechanisms underlying selective synapse formation of photoreceptor cells with bipolar and horizontal cells in the retina. In addition, we describe how defects/mutations of the molecules involved in photoreceptor synapse formation are associated with human retinal diseases and visual disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Furukawa
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Akiko Ueno
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Omori
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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14
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Hasan N, Pangeni G, Ray TA, Fransen KM, Noel J, Borghuis BG, McCall MA, Gregg RG. LRIT3 is Required for Nyctalopin Expression and Normal ON and OFF Pathway Signaling in the Retina. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0002-20.2020. [PMID: 31959619 PMCID: PMC7031853 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0002-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The first retinal synapse, photoreceptor→bipolar cell (BC), is both anatomically and functionally complex. Within the same synaptic region, a change in presynaptic glutamate release is sensed by both ON BCs (DBCs) via the metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6), and OFF BCs (HBCs) via ionotropic glutamate receptors to establish parallel signaling pathways that preferentially encode light increments (ON) or decrements (OFF), respectively. The synaptic structural organization of ON and OFF-type BCs at the photoreceptor terminal differs. DBCs make an invaginating synapse that contains a diverse but incompletely understood complex of interacting proteins (signalplex). HBCs make primarily flat contacts that contain an apparent different set of proteins that is equally uncharacterized. LRIT3 is a synaptic protein known to be essential for ON pathway visual function. In both male and female mice, we demonstrate that LRIT3 interacts with and is required for expression of nyctalopin, and thus TRPM1 at all DBC dendritic tips, but DBC signalplex components are not required for LRIT3 expression. Using whole-cell and multielectrode array (MEA) electrophysiology and glutamate imaging, we demonstrate that the loss of LRIT3 impacts both ON and OFF signaling pathway function. Without LRIT3, excitatory input to type 1 BCs is reduced, as are the visually evoked responses of many OFF retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). We conclude that the absence of LRIT3 expression disrupts excitatory input to OFF BCs and, thus disrupts the normal function of OFF RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazarul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Gobinda Pangeni
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Thomas A Ray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Kathryn M Fransen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Jennifer Noel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Bart G Borghuis
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Maureen A McCall
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Ronald G Gregg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
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15
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Wakeham CM, Ren G, Morgans CW. Expression and distribution of trophoblast glycoprotein in the mouse retina. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:1660-1671. [PMID: 31891182 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We recently identified the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) adhesion protein, trophoblast glycoprotein (TPBG), as a novel PKCα-dependent phosphoprotein in retinal rod bipolar cells (RBCs). Since TPBG has not been thoroughly examined in the retina, this study characterizes the localization and expression patterns of TPBG in the developing and adult mouse retina using two antibodies, one against the N-terminal LRR domain and the other against the C-terminal PDZ-interacting motif. Both antibodies labeled RBC dendrites in the outer plexiform layer and axon terminals in the IPL, as well as a putative amacrine cell with their cell bodies in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and a dense layer in the middle of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). In live transfected HEK293 cells, TPBG was localized to the plasma membrane with the N-terminal LRR domain facing the extracellular space. TPBG immunofluorescence in RBCs was strongly altered by the loss of TRPM1 in the adult retina, with significantly less dendritic and axon terminal labeling in TRPM1 knockout compared to wild type, despite no change in total TPBG detected by immunoblotting. During retinal development, TPBG expression increases dramatically just prior to eye opening with a time course closely correlated with that of TRPM1 expression. In the retina, LRR proteins have been implicated in the development and maintenance of functional bipolar cell synapses, and TPBG may play a similar role in RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M Wakeham
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Gaoying Ren
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Catherine W Morgans
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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16
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Dunn HA, Orlandi C, Martemyanov KA. Beyond the Ligand: Extracellular and Transcellular G Protein-Coupled Receptor Complexes in Physiology and Pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:503-519. [PMID: 31515243 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.018044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remain one of the most successful targets of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. GPCR research has predominantly focused on the characterization of the intracellular interactome's contribution to GPCR function and pharmacology. However, emerging evidence uncovers a new dimension in the biology of GPCRs involving their extracellular and transcellular interactions that critically impact GPCR function and pharmacology. The seminal examples include a variety of adhesion GPCRs, such as ADGRLs/latrophilins, ADGRBs/brain angiogenesis inhibitors, ADGRG1/GPR56, ADGRG6/GPR126, ADGRE5/CD97, and ADGRC3/CELSR3. However, recent advances have indicated that class C GPCRs that contain large extracellular domains, including group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR4, mGluR6, mGluR7, mGluR8), γ-aminobutyric acid receptors, and orphans GPR158 and GPR179, can also participate in this form of transcellular regulation. In this review, we will focus on a variety of identified extracellular and transcellular GPCR-interacting partners, including teneurins, neurexins, integrins, fibronectin leucine-rich transmembranes, contactin-6, neuroligin, laminins, collagens, major prion protein, amyloid precursor protein, complement C1q-likes, stabilin-2, pikachurin, dystroglycan, complement decay-accelerating factor CD55, cluster of differentiation CD36 and CD90, extracellular leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 1, and leucine-rich repeat, immunoglobulin-like domain and transmembrane domains. We provide an account on the diversity of extracellular and transcellular GPCR complexes and their contribution to key cellular and physiologic processes, including cell migration, axon guidance, cellular and synaptic adhesion, and synaptogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss models and mechanisms by which extracellular GPCR assemblies may regulate communication at cellular junctions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) continue to be the prominent focus of pharmacological intervention for a variety of human pathologies. Although the majority of GPCR research has focused on the intracellular interactome, recent advancements have identified an extracellular dimension of GPCR modulation that alters accepted pharmacological principles of GPCRs. Herein, we describe known endogenous allosteric modulators acting on GPCRs both in cis and in trans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry A Dunn
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Cesare Orlandi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
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17
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Das RG, Becker D, Jagannathan V, Goldstein O, Santana E, Carlin K, Sudharsan R, Leeb T, Nishizawa Y, Kondo M, Aguirre GD, Miyadera K. Genome-wide association study and whole-genome sequencing identify a deletion in LRIT3 associated with canine congenital stationary night blindness. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14166. [PMID: 31578364 PMCID: PMC6775105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB), in the complete form, is caused by dysfunctions in ON-bipolar cells (ON-BCs) which are secondary neurons of the retina. We describe the first disease causative variant associated with CSNB in the dog. A genome-wide association study using 12 cases and 11 controls from a research colony determined a 4.6 Mb locus on canine chromosome 32. Subsequent whole-genome sequencing identified a 1 bp deletion in LRIT3 segregating with CSNB. The canine mutant LRIT3 gives rise to a truncated protein with unaltered subcellular expression in vitro. Genetic variants in LRIT3 have been associated with CSNB in patients although there is limited evidence regarding its apparently critical function in the mGluR6 pathway in ON-BCs. We determine that in the canine CSNB retina, the mutant LRIT3 is correctly localized to the region correlating with the ON-BC dendritic tips, albeit with reduced immunolabelling. The LRIT3-CSNB canine model has direct translational potential enabling studies to help understand the CSNB pathogenesis as well as to develop new therapies targeting the secondary neurons of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rueben G Das
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Doreen Becker
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States of America.,Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | - Orly Goldstein
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Evelyn Santana
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kendall Carlin
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Raghavi Sudharsan
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yuji Nishizawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mineo Kondo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Gustavo D Aguirre
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Keiko Miyadera
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
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18
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Hasan N, Pangeni G, Cobb CA, Ray TA, Nettesheim ER, Ertel KJ, Lipinski DM, McCall MA, Gregg RG. Presynaptic Expression of LRIT3 Transsynaptically Organizes the Postsynaptic Glutamate Signaling Complex Containing TRPM1. Cell Rep 2019; 27:3107-3116.e3. [PMID: 31189098 PMCID: PMC6628893 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the CNS, interactions between pre- and postsynaptic adhesion molecules establish normal synaptic structure and function. Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain-containing proteins are a large family that has a diversity of ligands, and their absence can cause disease. At the first retinal synapse, the absence of LRIT3 expression leads to the disassembly of the postsynaptic glutamate signaling complex (signalplex) expressed on depolarizing bipolar cell (DBC) dendrites. The prevalent view is that assembly of the signalplex results from direct postsynaptic protein:protein interactions. In contrast, we demonstrate that LRIT3 is expressed presynaptically, in rod photoreceptors (rods), and when we restore LRIT3 expression in Lrit3-/- rods, we restore expression of the postsynaptic glutamate signalplex and rod-driven vision. Our results demonstrate that, in the retina, the LRR-containing protein LRIT3 acts as a transsynaptic organizer of the postsynaptic complex required for normal synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazarul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Gobinda Pangeni
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Catherine A Cobb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Thomas A Ray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Emily R Nettesheim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Kristina J Ertel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Daniel M Lipinski
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Maureen A McCall
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Ronald G Gregg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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19
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Lrit1, a Retinal Transmembrane Protein, Regulates Selective Synapse Formation in Cone Photoreceptor Cells and Visual Acuity. Cell Rep 2018; 22:3548-3561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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