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Martínez-Gil N, Maneu V, Kutsyr O, Fernández-Sánchez L, Sánchez-Sáez X, Sánchez-Castillo C, Campello L, Lax P, Pinilla I, Cuenca N. Cellular and molecular alterations in neurons and glial cells in inherited retinal degeneration. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:984052. [PMID: 36225228 PMCID: PMC9548552 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.984052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple gene mutations have been associated with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs). Despite the spectrum of phenotypes caused by the distinct mutations, IRDs display common physiopathology features. Cell death is accompanied by inflammation and oxidative stress. The vertebrate retina has several attributes that make this tissue vulnerable to oxidative and nitrosative imbalance. The high energy demands and active metabolism in retinal cells, as well as their continuous exposure to high oxygen levels and light-induced stress, reveal the importance of tightly regulated homeostatic processes to maintain retinal function, which are compromised in pathological conditions. In addition, the subsequent microglial activation and gliosis, which triggers the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, trophic factors, and other molecules, further worsen the degenerative process. As the disease evolves, retinal cells change their morphology and function. In disease stages where photoreceptors are lost, the remaining neurons of the retina to preserve their function seek out for new synaptic partners, which leads to a cascade of morphological alterations in retinal cells that results in a complete remodeling of the tissue. In this review, we describe important molecular and morphological changes in retinal cells that occur in response to oxidative stress and the inflammatory processes underlying IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carla Sánchez-Castillo
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura Campello
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Pinilla
- Aragón Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Surgery, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Isabel Pinilla,
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Institute Ramón Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- *Correspondence: Nicolás Cuenca,
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Olivares-González L, Salom D, González-García E, Hervás D, Mejía-Chiqui N, Melero M, Velasco S, Muresan BT, Campillo I, Vila-Clérigues N, López-Briz E, Merino-Torres JF, Millán JM, Soriano Del Castillo JM, Rodrigo R. NUTRARET: Effect of 2-Year Nutraceutical Supplementation on Redox Status and Visual Function of Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:847910. [PMID: 35387197 PMCID: PMC8979249 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.847910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2-year nutritional intervention with antioxidant nutraceuticals on the visual function of RP patients. Secondly, we assessed how nutritional intervention affected ocular and systemic redox status. We carried out a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Thirty-one patients with RP participated in the study. RP patients randomly received either a mixture of nutraceuticals (NUT) containing folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin A, zinc, copper, selenium, lutein, and zeaxanthin or placebo daily for 2 years. At baseline and after 2-year of the nutritional supplementation, visual function, dietetic-nutritional evaluations, serum concentration of nutraceuticals, plasma and aqueous humor concentration of several markers of redox status and inflammation were assessed. Retinal function and structure were assessed by multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG), spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and automated visual field (VF) tests. Nutritional status was estimated with validated questionnaires. Total antioxidant capacity, extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, protein carbonyl adducts (CAR) content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation (as indicator of lipid peroxidation), metabolites of the nitric oxide (NOX) and cytokine (interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) concentrations were assessed by biochemical and immunological techniques in aqueous humor or/and blood. Bayesian approach was performed to determine the probability of an effect. Region of practical equivalence (ROPE) was used. At baseline, Bayesian analysis revealed a high probability of an altered ocular redox status and to a lesser extent systemic redox status in RP patients compared to controls. Twenty-five patients (10 in the treated arm and 15 in the placebo arm) completed the nutritional intervention. After 2 years of supplementation, patients who received NUT presented better retinal responses (mfERG responses) compared to patients who received placebo. Besides, patients who received NUT showed better ocular antioxidant response (SOD3 activity) and lower oxidative damage (CAR) than those who received placebo. This study suggested that long-term NUT supplementation could slow down visual impairment and ameliorate ocular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Olivares-González
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Rare Diseases CIPF-Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS-La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - David Salom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Manises Hospital, Manises, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Hervás
- Department of Applied Statistics, Operations Research and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Natalia Mejía-Chiqui
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Melero
- Service of Pharmacy, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sheyla Velasco
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Bianca Tabita Muresan
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Campillo
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo López-Briz
- Service of Pharmacy, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Merino-Torres
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics UV-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José María Millán
- Joint Research Unit on Rare Diseases CIPF-Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS-La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomic Biomedicine, IIS-La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miguel Soriano Del Castillo
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics UV-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Food & Health Laboratory, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia (UV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Regina Rodrigo
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Rare Diseases CIPF-Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS-La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics UV-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia (UV), Valencia, Spain
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Perdices L, Fuentes-Broto L, Segura F, Cavero A, Orduna-Hospital E, Insa-Sánchez G, Sánchez-Cano AI, Fernández-Sánchez L, Cuenca N, Pinilla I. Systemic epigallocatechin gallate protects against retinal degeneration and hepatic oxidative stress in the P23H-1 rat. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:625-631. [PMID: 34380903 PMCID: PMC8504391 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.320990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited retinal disorders that lead to photoreceptor loss. RP has been reported to be related to oxidative stress, autophagy, and inflammation. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin-based flavonoid in green tea leaves, has significant antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective properties. EGCG, given its low molecular weight and hydrophilic properties, can cross the blood-retinal barrier and is able to reach different ocular tissues such as the lens, cornea, and retina. EGCG has been shown to provide retinal protection against ischemia; sodium nitroprusside-, N-methyl-D-aspartate-, lipopolysaccharide-, light-, sodium iodate-, or H2O2-induced damage and diabetic retinopathy. This suggests that systemic EGCG administration has the potential to protect against retinal degenerative or neurodegenerative diseases such as RP. The aim of this work was to investigate whether EGCG can protect against RP progression in the animal P23H line 1, the model of RP. Albino P23H rats were crossed with pigmented Long Evans rats to produce offspring exhibiting the clinical features of RP. Pigmented P23H rats were treated via intraperitoneal injection with saline or EGCG at a dose of 25 mg/kg every week from P100 to P160 and then compared to wild-type Long Evans rats. Rats treated with EGCG showed better visual and retinal electrical function with increased contrast sensitivity and b-wave values compared with those observed in P23H rats treated with vehicle. EGCG reduced lipid peroxidation and increased total antioxidant capacity and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. No differences were observed in visual acuity, nitrate levels, nitrite levels or glutathione S-transferase activity. In conclusion, EGCG not only reduced the loss of visual function in P23H rats but also improved the levels of antioxidant enzymes and reduced oxidative damage. This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (CEICA) from the University of Zaragoza under project license PI12/14 on July 11, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Perdices
- Aragón Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lorena Fuentes-Broto
- Pharmacology, Physiology & Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco Segura
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Cavero
- Health Sciences Faculty, San Jorge University, Villanueva de Gállego, Spain
| | | | - Gema Insa-Sánchez
- Pharmacology, Physiology & Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Pinilla
- Department of Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
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Mateos-Olivares M, Sobas E, Puertas-Neyra K, Peralta-Ramírez M, Gonzalez-Pérez R, Martín-Vallejo J, García-Vazquez C, Coco R, Pastor J, Pastor-Idoate S, Usategui-Martín R. Hair cortisol level as a molecular biomarker in retinitis pigmentosa patients. Exp Eye Res 2022; 219:109019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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He M, Wu T, Zhang L, Ye W, Ma J, Zhao C, Liu J, Zhou J. Correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and clinical manifestations and complications of retinitis pigmentosa. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e278-e287. [PMID: 34080305 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of inflammation in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) has been receiving additional attention. However, the association between inflammation and the clinical manifestations and complications of RP is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of RP complicated with cataract and explore the correlations between the NLR and specific clinical features of RP. METHODS This retrospective study included 79 RP patients complicated with cataract (125 eyes) and 63 age- and sex-matched patients (63 eyes) with age-related cataract (ARC). Patients' ocular examination results were collected and complete blood count results were used to calculate NLRs. The correlations between the NLR of RP patients and the parameters of ocular examinations were analysed. RESULTS The NLRs of RP patients with cataracts were significantly higher than those of ARC (1.93 ± 0.83 versus 1.65 ± 0.59, p = 0.029). The NLRs increased with the severity of posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC), zonular deficiency, poor preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (LogMAR>1), and visual field defects. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves suggested that NLR > 1.36 could predict higher degrees (PSC area >3%, >P1) of PSC (p = 0.002, 95% CI, 0.672-0.934), and that NLR > 2.12 could predict zonular weakness (p = 0.002, 95% CI, 0.665-0.928) in RP. CONCLUSION The NLRs in RP patients with cataract are not only higher but also associated with several clinical manifestations of RP. The NLR can be a predictive biomarker of higher degrees of PSC (>P1) and zonular weakness in RP before cataract surgery. These results suggest that systemic inflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmei He
- Department of Ophthalmology Xijing Hospital Eye Institute of Chinese PLA Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology Xijing Hospital Eye Institute of Chinese PLA Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Luning Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology Xijing Hospital Eye Institute of Chinese PLA Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology Xijing Hospital Eye Institute of Chinese PLA Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Jiyuan Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology Xijing Hospital Eye Institute of Chinese PLA Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology Xijing Hospital Eye Institute of Chinese PLA Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Jiahua Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology Xijing Hospital Eye Institute of Chinese PLA Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology Xijing Hospital Eye Institute of Chinese PLA Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
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Liu S, Miyaji M, Hosoya O, Matsuo T. Effect of NK-5962 on Gene Expression Profiling of Retina in a Rat Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413276. [PMID: 34948073 PMCID: PMC8703378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: NK-5962 is a key component of photoelectric dye-coupled polyethylene film, designated Okayama University type-retinal prosthesis (OUReP™). Previously, we found that NK-5962 solution could reduce the number of apoptotic photoreceptors in the eyes of the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats by intravitreal injection under a 12 h light/dark cycle. This study aimed to explore possible molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-apoptotic effect of NK-5962 in the retina of RCS rats. Methods: RCS rats received intravitreal injections of NK-5962 solution in the left eye at the age of 3 and 4 weeks, before the age of 5 weeks when the speed in the apoptotic degeneration of photoreceptors reaches its peak. The vehicle-treated right eyes served as controls. All rats were housed under a 12 h light/dark cycle, and the retinas were dissected out at the age of 5 weeks for RNA sequence (RNA-seq) analysis. For the functional annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the Metascape and DAVID databases were used. Results: In total, 55 up-regulated DEGs, and one down-regulated gene (LYVE1) were found to be common among samples treated with NK-5962. These DEGs were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Reactome pathway analyses. We focused on the up-regulated DEGs that were enriched in extracellular matrix organization, extracellular exosome, and PI3K–Akt signaling pathways. These terms and pathways may relate to mechanisms to protect photoreceptor cells. Moreover, our analyses suggest that SERPINF1, which encodes pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), is one of the key regulatory genes involved in the anti-apoptotic effect of NK-5962 in RCS rat retinas. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that photoelectric dye NK-5962 may delay apoptotic death of photoreceptor cells in RCS rats by up-regulating genes related to extracellular matrix organization, extracellular exosome, and PI3K–Akt signaling pathways. Overall, our RNA-seq and bioinformatics analyses provide insights in the transcriptome responses in the dystrophic RCS rat retinas that were induced by NK-5962 intravitreal injection and offer potential target genes for developing new therapeutic strategies for patients with retinitis pigmentosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama City 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Mary Miyaji
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama City 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.); (O.H.)
| | - Osamu Hosoya
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama City 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.); (O.H.)
| | - Toshihiko Matsuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama City 700-8558, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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Murakami Y, Nakabeppu Y, Sonoda KH. Oxidative Stress and Microglial Response in Retinitis Pigmentosa. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197170. [PMID: 32998461 PMCID: PMC7583782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and anti-oxidant capacity results in oxidative injury to cellular components and molecules, which in turn disturbs the homeostasis of cells and organs. Although retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a hereditary disease, non-genetic biological factors including oxidative stress also modulate or contribute to the disease progression. In animal models of RP, the degenerating retina exhibits marked oxidative damage in the nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and anti-oxidant treatments substantially suppress photoreceptor cell death and microgliosis. Although the mechanisms by which oxidative stress mediates retinal degeneration have not been fully elucidated, our group has shown that oxidative DNA damage and its defense system are key regulators of microglial activation and photoreceptor degeneration in RP. In this review, we summarize the current evidence regarding oxidative stress in animal models and patients with RP. The clinical efficacy of anti-oxidant treatments for RP has not been fully established. Nevertheless, elucidating key biological processes that underlie oxidative damage in RP will be pivotal to understanding the pathology and developing a potent anti-oxidant strategy that targets specific cell types or molecules under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-642-5648; Fax: +81-92-642-5663
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
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