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Zhang N, Liu S, Lu X, Li Z, Li L, Ye T. Transcriptomic and proteomic investigations identify PI3K-akt pathway targets for hyperthyroidism management in rats via polar iridoids from radix Scrophularia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33072. [PMID: 38994059 PMCID: PMC11238048 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
High-polarity iridoids from Radix Scrophulariae (R. Scrophulariae) offer a range of benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumour, antibacterial, antiviral, and antiallergic effects. Although previous studies have indicated the potential of R. Scrophulariae for hyperthyroidism prevention and treatment, the specific active compounds involved and their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. This study explored the effects of high-polarity iridoid glycosides from R. Scrophulariae on hyperthyroidism induced in rats by levothyroxine sodium. The experimental design included a control group, a hyperthyroidism model group, and a group treated with iridoid glycosides. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were applied to liver samples to identify differentially expressed genes and proteins. These analyses were complemented by trend analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The effectiveness of key factors was further examined through molecular biology techniques. ELISA results indicated a notable increase in T3 and T4 in the hyperthyroid rats, which was significantly mitigated by treatment with iridoid glycosides. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 6 upregulated and 6 downregulated genes in the model group, showing marked improvement following treatment. Proteomic analysis revealed changes in 30 upregulated and 50 downregulated proteins, with improvements observed upon treatment. The PI3K-Akt signalling pathway was investigated through KEGG enrichment analysis. Molecular biology methods verified the upregulation of Spp1, Thbs1, PI3K, and Akt in the model group, which was reversed in the treatment group. This study revealed that highly polar iridoids from R. Scrophulariae can modulate the Spp1 gene and Thbs1 protein via the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, suggesting a therapeutic benefit for hyperthyroidism and providing a basis for drug development targeting this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shumin Liu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zihui Li
- Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Ling Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Bu F, Qin X, Wang T, Li N, Zheng M, Wu Z, Ma K. Unlocking potential biomarkers bridging coronary atherosclerosis and pyrimidine metabolism-associated genes through an integrated bioinformatics and machine learning approach. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:148. [PMID: 38454353 PMCID: PMC10921789 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study delves into the intricate landscape of atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic inflammatory disorder with significant implications for cardiovascular health. AS poses a considerable burden on global healthcare systems, elevating both mortality and morbidity rates. The pathological underpinnings of AS involve a marked metabolic disequilibrium, particularly within pyrimidine metabolism (PyM), a crucial enzymatic network central to nucleotide synthesis and degradation. While the therapeutic relevance of pyrimidine metabolism in diverse diseases is acknowledged, the explicit role of pyrimidine metabolism genes (PyMGs) in the context of AS remains elusive. Utilizing bioinformatics methodologies, this investigation aims to reveal and substantiate PyMGs intricately linked with AS. METHODS A set of 41 candidate PyMGs was scrutinized through differential expression analysis. GSEA and GSVA were employed to illuminate potential biological pathways and functions associated with the identified PyMGs. Simultaneously, Lasso regression and SVM-RFE were utilized to distill core genes and assess the diagnostic potential of four quintessential PyMGs (CMPK1, CMPK2, NT5C2, RRM1) in discriminating AS. The relationship between key PyMGs and clinical presentations was also explored. Validation of the expression levels of the four PyMGs was performed using the GSE43292 and GSE9820 datasets. RESULTS This investigation identified four PyMGs, with NT5C2 and RRM1 emerging as key players, intricately linked to AS pathogenesis. Functional analysis underscored their critical involvement in metabolic processes, including pyrimidine-containing compound metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis. Diagnostic evaluation of these PyMGs in distinguishing AS showcased promising results. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this exploration has illuminated a constellation of four PyMGs with a potential nexus to AS pathogenesis. These findings unveil emerging biomarkers, paving the way for novel approaches to disease monitoring and progression, and providing new avenues for therapeutic intervention in the realm of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanli Bu
- Dongying People's Hospital (Dongying Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital Group), Dongying, Shandong, 257091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Qin
- Dongying People's Hospital (Dongying Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital Group), Dongying, Shandong, 257091, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Dongying People's Hospital (Dongying Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital Group), Dongying, Shandong, 257091, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Dongying People's Hospital (Dongying Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital Group), Dongying, Shandong, 257091, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Zheng
- Dongying People's Hospital (Dongying Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital Group), Dongying, Shandong, 257091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Dongying People's Hospital (Dongying Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital Group), Dongying, Shandong, 257091, People's Republic of China.
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Ren C, Carrillo ND, Cryns VL, Anderson RA, Chen M. Environmental pollutants and phosphoinositide signaling in autoimmunity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133080. [PMID: 38091799 PMCID: PMC10923067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution stands as one of the most critical challenges affecting human health, with an estimated mortality rate linked to pollution-induced non-communicable diseases projected to range from 20% to 25%. These pollutants not only disrupt immune responses but can also trigger immunotoxicity. Phosphoinositide signaling, a pivotal regulator of immune responses, plays a central role in the development of autoimmune diseases and exhibits high sensitivity to environmental stressors. Among these stressors, environmental pollutants have become increasingly prevalent in our society, contributing to the initiation and exacerbation of autoimmune conditions. In this review, we summarize the intricate interplay between phosphoinositide signaling and autoimmune diseases within the context of environmental pollutants and contaminants. We provide an up-to-date overview of stress-induced phosphoinositide signaling, discuss 14 selected examples categorized into three groups of environmental pollutants and their connections to immune diseases, and shed light on the associated phosphoinositide signaling pathways. Through these discussions, this review advances our understanding of how phosphoinositide signaling influences the coordinated immune response to environmental stressors at a biological level. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights into potential research directions and therapeutic targets aimed at mitigating the impact of environmental pollutants on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. SYNOPSIS: Phosphoinositide signaling at the intersection of environmental pollutants and autoimmunity provides novel insights for managing autoimmune diseases aggravated by pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Noah D Carrillo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Vincent L Cryns
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Richard A Anderson
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Ye Z, Wu H, Chen X, Xie R, Zhang D, Sun H, Wang F, Li Z, Xia Q, Chen L, Chen T. Puerarin inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in female BALB/c mouse models of Graves' disease. Transl Pediatr 2024; 13:38-51. [PMID: 38323179 PMCID: PMC10839278 DOI: 10.21037/tp-23-370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune thyroid disorder. Our previous study has demonstrated a significant decrease in flavone levels among children with GD compared to the control group. Puerarin, a well-known flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We wanted to investigate its potential impact on GD pathogenesis, aiming to determine whether increasing puerarin intake could prevent or delay the onset of GD. Methods Adenovirus with TSHR-289 subunit was used to establish a GD mice model, and mice were intragastrically administered with puerarin or sterilized water daily. Thyroid function and inflammatory cytokine levels were quantified using ELISA, lymphocyte subsets were analyzed via flow cytometry, oxidative stress (OS) markers were measured with a microplate reader, and the expression of pertinent signaling pathway proteins were assessed by Western blot. Results The results demonstrated that puerarin treatment significantly decreased thyroxin levels and alleviated thyroid pathological changes in GD mice. Furthermore, the immune imbalance of GD mice was improved, as evidenced by reduced inflammatory indexes, elevated antioxidant levels, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to untreated GD mice. Puerarin-treated GD mice exhibited significantly lower expressions of heat shock protein (HSP): HSP70, HSP90, phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinases (p-ERK) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) than untreated GD mice. Moreover, low dosage puerarin (400 mg/kg) was associated with a better protective effect than high dosage (1,200 mg/kg). Conclusions Puerarin may have the potential to mitigate GD by inhibiting inflammatory and OS, through downregulating the expression of HSP70 and HSP90 and suppressing the activation of the PI3K/AKT/ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, a lower dose exhibited superior protective effects compared to a higher dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Haiying Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Qin Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linqi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Wang Y, Li M, Sheng Z, Ran H, Dong J, Fang L, Zhang P. Ultrasound-mediated delivery of Pik3cb shRNA using magnetic nanoparticles for the treatment of in-stent restenosis in a rat balloon-injured model. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2024; 65:47-54. [PMID: 37948449 PMCID: PMC10803161 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to examine the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles carrying Pik3cb short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in the prevention of restenosis with the aid of ultrasound and a magnetic field. SPIO is a type of contrast agent used in medical imaging to enhance the visibility of specific tissues or organs. It consists of tiny iron oxide nanoparticles that can be targeted to specific areas of interest in the body. PEG-coated SPIO nanoparticles carrying Pik3cb shRNA (SPIO-shPik3cb) were prepared, and the particle size and zeta potential of PEG-coated SPIO nanoparticles with and without Pik3cb shRNA were examined. After a right common artery balloon-injured rat model was established, the rats were randomly divided into four groups, and the injured arteries were transfected with SPIO-shPik3cb, saline, SPIO-shcontrol and naked shRNA Pik3cb. During the treatment, each group was placed under a magnetic field and was transfected with the aid of ultrasound. Rats were sacrificed, and the tissue was harvested for analysis after 14 days. The results suggested that the mean particle size and zeta potential of SPIO-shPik3cbs were 151.45 ± 11 nm and 10 mV, respectively. SPIO-shPik3cb showed higher transfection efficiency and significantly inhibited the intimal thickening compared with naked Pik3cb shRNA in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) (*P < 0.05). Moreover, SPIO-shPik3cb could also significantly downregulate the expression of pAkt protein compared with naked Pik3cb shRNA. According to the results, SPIO-shPik3cb can remarkably inhibit the intimal thickening under a combination of magnetic field exposure and ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Chang Le Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Chang Le Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxiang Sheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Chang Le Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ran
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Chang Le Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Chang Le Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Chang Le Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Chang Le Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Smith TJ. Fibrocyte Participation in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy Suggests New Approaches to Therapy. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 39:S9-S18. [PMID: 38054981 PMCID: PMC10703002 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Review the historical context of research and changing therapeutic landscape of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) by focusing on the relationship between TAO, CD34+ fibrocytes, thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR). METHODS A literature review using search terms, including fibrocytes, IGF-IR, TSHR, TAO, and thyroid eye disease. RESULTS The mechanisms involved in TAO have been partially identified. Substantial progress has been made over several decades, including 1) recognizing the interplay between the professional immune system and orbital tissues; 2) TSHR and IGF-IR act interdependently in mediating the pathogenesis of TAO; 3) Multiple cytokines and specific immune cells are involved in activating and remodeling orbital tissue; 4) Recognition of these mechanisms is allowing the development of target therapies such as teprotumumab, a monoclonal antibody IGF-IR inhibitor approved by the US Food and drug administration for treatment of TAO; and 5) It appears that teprotumumab acts on the systemic immune system peripheral to the orbit. CONCLUSION Additional molecules targeting IGF-IR and other plausible disease mechanisms are currently under development. This activity in the TAO therapeutic space portends even greater improvements in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry J. Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
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Yang M, Lai Y, Gan D, Liu Q, Wang Y, He X, An Y, Gao T. Possible molecular exploration of herbal pair Haizao-Kunbu in the treatment of Graves' disease by network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1236549. [PMID: 37859983 PMCID: PMC10583570 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1236549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To promote the development and therapeutic application of new medications, it is crucial to conduct a thorough investigation into the mechanism by which the traditional Chinese herb pair of Haizao-Kunbu (HK) treats Graves' disease (GD). Materials and methods Chemical ingredients of HK, putative target genes, and GD-associated genes were retrieved from online public databases. Using Cytoscape 3.9.1, a compound-gene target network was established to explore the association between prosperous ingredients and targets. STRING, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses visualized core targets and disease pathways. Additionally, we conducted a refined analysis of the binding interactions between active ingredients and their respective targets. To visualize these findings, we employed precise molecular docking techniques. Furthermore, we carried out molecular dynamics simulations to gain insights into the formation of more tightly bound complexes. Results We found that there were nine key active ingredients in HK, which mainly acted on 21 targets. These targets primarily regulated several biological processes such as cell population proliferation, protein phosphorylation, and regulation of kinase activity, and acted on PI3K-AKT and MAPK pathways to treat GD. Analysis of the molecular interaction simulation under computer technology revealed that the key targets exhibited strong binding activity to active ingredients, and Fucosterol-AKT1 and Isofucosterol-AKT1 complexes were highly stable in humans. Conclusion This study demonstrates that HK exerts therapeutic effects on GD in a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway manner by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, and immunomodulatory-related targets. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further investigation into GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Yang
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yiwen Lai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Di Gan
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingyang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingna Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyong He
- Insititute of Laboratory Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi An
- Department of Obstetrics, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianshu Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Shahraki K, Pak VI, Najafi A, Shahraki K, Boroumand PG, Sheervalilou R. Non-coding RNA-mediated epigenetic alterations in Grave's ophthalmopathy: A scoping systematic review. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:426-450. [PMID: 37324526 PMCID: PMC10265490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is becoming more and more apparent that Grave's Ophthalmopathy (GO) pathogenesis may be aided by epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation modifications, histone tail covalent modifications, and non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-based epigenetic processes. In the present study, we aimed to focus more on the miRNAs rather than lncRNAs due to lack of investigations on these non-coding RNAs and their role in GO's pathogenesis. Methods A six-stage methodology framework and the PRISMA recommendation were used to conduct this scoping review. A comprehensive search was conducted across seven databases to discover relevant papers published until February 2022. The data extraction separately, and quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. Results A total of 20 articles were found to meet inclusion criteria. According to the results, ncRNA were involved in the regulation of inflammation (miR-146a, LPAL2/miR-1287-5p axis, LINC01820:13/hsa miR-27b-3p axis, and ENST00000499452/hsa-miR-27a-3p axis), regulation of T cell functions (miR-146a/miR-183/miR-96), regulation of glycosaminoglycan aggregation and fibrosis (miR-146a/miR-21), glucocorticoid sensitivity (miR-224-5p), lipid accumulation and adipogenesis (miR-27a/miR-27b/miR-130a), oxidative stress and angiogenesis (miR-199a), and orbital fibroblast proliferation (miR-21/miR-146a/miR-155). Eleven miRNAs (miR-146a/miR-224-5p/miR-Let7d-5p/miR-96-5p/miR-301a-3p/miR-21-5p) were also indicated to have the capacity to be used as biomarkers. Conclusions Regardless of the fact that there is significant documentation of ncRNA-mediated epigenetic dysfunction in GO, additional study is needed to thoroughly comprehend the epigenetic connections concerned in disease pathogenesis, paving the way for novel diagnostic and prognostic tools for epigenetic therapies among the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Shahraki
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Vida Ilkhani Pak
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Najafi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Kianoush Shahraki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Cornea Department, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paria Ghasemi Boroumand
- ENT, Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Martínez-Hernández R, Marazuela M. MicroRNAs in autoimmune thyroid diseases and their role as biomarkers. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 37:101741. [PMID: 36801129 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. They are emerging as potential biomarkers and as therapeutic targets for several diseases including autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). They control a wide range of biological phenomena, including immune activation, apoptosis, differentiation and development, proliferation and metabolism. This function makes miRNAs attractive as disease biomarker candidates or even as therapeutic agents. Because of their stability and reproducibility circulating miRNAs have been an interesting area of research in many diseases, and studies describing their role in the immune response and in autoimmune diseases have progressively developed. The mechanisms underlying AITD remain elusive. AITD pathogenesis is characterized by a multifactorial interplay based on the synergy between susceptibility genes and environmental stimulation, together with epigenetic modulation. Understanding the regulatory role of miRNAs could lead to identify potential susceptibility pathways, diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this disease. Herein we update our present knowledge on the role of microRNAs in AITD and discuss on their importance as possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in the most prevalent AITDs: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), Graves' disease (GD) and Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO). This review provides an overview of the state of the art in the pathological roles of microRNAs as well as in possible novel miRNA-based therapeutic approaches in AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanizacion Monteprincipe, Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Zheng Z, Wu L, Li Z, Tang R, Li H, Huang Y, Wang T, Xu S, Cheng H, Ye Z, Xiao D, Lin X, Wu G, Jaspers RT, Pathak JL. Mir155 regulates osteogenesis and bone mass phenotype via targeting S1pr1 gene. eLife 2023; 12:77742. [PMID: 36598122 PMCID: PMC9839347 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-155 (miR155) is overexpressed in various inflammatory diseases and cancer, in which bone resorption and osteolysis are frequently observed. However, the role of miR155 on osteogenesis and bone mass phenotype is still unknown. Here, we report a low bone mass phenotype in the long bone of Mir155-Tg mice compared with wild-type mice. In contrast, Mir155-KO mice showed a high bone mass phenotype and protective effect against inflammation-induced bone loss. Mir155-KO mice showed robust bone regeneration in the ectopic and orthotopic model, but Mir155-Tg mice showed compromised bone regeneration compared with the wild-type mice. Similarly, the osteogenic differentiation potential of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) from Mir155-KO mice was robust and Mir155-Tg was compromised compared with that of wild-type mice. Moreover, Mir155 knockdown in BMSCs from wild-type mice showed higher osteogenic differentiation potential, supporting the results from Mir155-KO mice. TargetScan analysis predicted sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1pr1) as a target gene of Mir155, which was further confirmed by luciferase assay and Mir155 knockdown. S1pr1 overexpression in BMSCs robustly promoted osteogenic differentiation without affecting cell viability and proliferation. Furthermore, osteoclastogenic differentiation of Mir155-Tg bone marrow-derived macrophages was inhibited compared with that of wild-type mice. Thus, Mir155 showed a catabolic effect on osteogenesis and bone mass phenotype via interaction with the S1pr1 gene, suggesting inhibition of Mir155 as a potential strategy for bone regeneration and bone defect healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zheng
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative MedicineGuangzhouChina,Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Lihong Wu
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhicong Li
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Ruoshu Tang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yinyin Huang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Shaofen Xu
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Haoyu Cheng
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhitong Ye
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Dong Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina,Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaolin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina,Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands,Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative MedicineGuangzhouChina,Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative MedicineGuangzhouChina
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11
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Xie B, Xiong W, Zhang F, Wang N, Luo Y, Chen Y, Cao J, Chen Z, Ma C, Chen H. The miR-103a-3p/TGFBR3 axis regulates TGF-β-induced orbital fibroblast activation and fibrosis in thyroid-eye disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 559:111780. [PMID: 36179941 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular pathways that contribute to orbital fibroblast activation during thyroid-eye disease (TED) may promote TED progression. Non-coding RNAs, especially miRNAs, play a critical role in the pathogenesis of TED. In the present study, miR-103a-3p was dramatically upregulated and TGFBR3 was downregulated within TED orbital tissue samples and TGF-β-stimulated TED orbital fibroblasts. miR-103a-3p inhibition in TGF-β-stimulated TED orbital fibroblasts partially abolished TGF-β-induced fibrotic alterations, as manifested by the impaired fibroblast cell viability and decreased vimentin and fibronectin levels. miR-103a-3p directly targeted TGFBR3 in TED orbital samples and TGF-β-stimulated TED orbital fibroblasts. In TGF-β-stimulated TED orbital fibroblasts, TGFBR3 overexpression inhibited fibroblast cell viability and decreased vimentin and fibronectin levels. TGFBR3 overexpression partially attenuated the inhibitory effects of miR-103a-3p overexpression on TGFBR3 expression and the promotive effects of miR-103a-3p overexpression on TGF-β-induced fibrotic alterations. Under TGF-β stimulation, miR-103a-3p overexpression significantly promoted, whereas TGFBR3 overexpression inhibited the phosphorylation of Erk1/2, JNK, Smad2, and Smad3. TGFBR3 overexpression also partially abolished the effects of miR-103a-3p overexpression on Erk1/2, JNK, Smad2, and Smad3 phosphorylation. In conclusion, the miR-103a-3p/TGFBR3 axis regulated TGF-β-induced TED orbital fibroblast activation and fibrosis in TED, with the possible involvement of the Erk/JNK and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Nuo Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yizhi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jiamin Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhuokun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
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12
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Cui X, Wang F, Liu C. A review of TSHR- and IGF-1R-related pathogenesis and treatment of Graves' orbitopathy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1062045. [PMID: 36742308 PMCID: PMC9893276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1062045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. There are few review articles on GO research from the perspective of target cells and target antigens. A systematic search of PubMed was performed, focusing mainly on studies published after 2015 that involve the role of target cells, orbital fibroblasts (OFs) and orbital adipocytes (OAs), target antigens, thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and their corresponding antibodies, TSHR antibodies (TRAbs) and IGF-1R antibodies (IGF-1R Abs), in GO pathogenesis and the potentially effective therapies that target TSHR and IGF-1R. Based on the results, OFs may be derived from bone marrow-derived CD34+ fibrocytes. In addition to CD34+ OFs, CD34- OFs are important in the pathogenesis of GO and may be involved in hyaluronan formation. CD34- OFs expressing Slit2 suppress the phenotype of CD34+ OFs. β-arrestin 1 can be involved in TSHR/IGF-1R crosstalk as a scaffold. Research on TRAbs has gradually shifted to TSAbs, TBAbs and the titre of TRAbs. However, the existence and role of IGF-1R Abs are still unknown and deserve further study. Basic and clinical trials of TSHR-inhibiting therapies are increasing, and TSHR is an expected therapeutic target. Teprotumumab has become the latest second-line treatment for GO. This review aims to effectively describe the pathogenesis of GO from the perspective of target cells and target antigens and provide ideas for its fundamental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Futao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changchun Central Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Hu J, Zhou S, Guo W. Construction of the coexpression network involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease via bioinformatics analysis. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:38. [PMID: 36076300 PMCID: PMC9461120 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common orbital pathology that occurs in up to 50% of patients with Graves’ disease. Herein, we aimed at discovering the possible hub genes and pathways involved in TED based on bioinformatical approaches. Results The GSE105149 and GSE58331 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and merged for identifying TED-associated modules by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and local maximal quasi-clique merger (lmQCM) analysis. EdgeR was run to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Transcription factor (TF), microRNA (miR) and drug prediction analyses were performed using ToppGene suite. Function enrichment analysis was used to investigate the biological function of genes. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed based on the intersection between the list of genes obtained by WGCNA, lmQCM and DEGs, and hub genes were identified using the MCODE plugin. Based on the overlap of 497 genes retrieved from the different approaches, a robust TED coexpression network was constructed and 11 genes (ATP6V1A, PTGES3, PSMD12, PSMA4, METAP2, DNAJA1, PSMA1, UBQLN1, CCT2, VBP1 and NAA50) were identified as hub genes. Key TFs regulating genes in the TED-associated coexpression network, including NFRKB, ZNF711, ZNF407 and MORC2, and miRs including hsa-miR-144, hsa-miR-3662, hsa-miR-12136 and hsa-miR-3646, were identified. Genes in the coexpression network were enriched in the biological processes including proteasomal protein catabolic process and proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process and the pathways of endocytosis and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Drugs perturbing genes in the coexpression network were also predicted and included enzyme inhibitors, chlorodiphenyl and finasteride. Conclusions For the first time, TED-associated coexpression network was constructed and key genes and their functions, as well as TFs, miRs and drugs, were predicted. The results of the present work may be relevant in the treatment and diagnosis of TED and may boost molecular studies regarding TED. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40246-022-00412-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 41 Northwest Street Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315010, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 41 Northwest Street Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315010, China. .,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China.
| | - Weiying Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 41 Northwest Street Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315010, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China
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14
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Zheng J, Duan H, You S, Liang B, Chen Y, Huang H. Research progress on the pathogenesis of Graves’ ophthalmopathy: Based on immunity, noncoding RNA and exosomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:952954. [PMID: 36081502 PMCID: PMC9445982 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.952954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, is a common potentially vision-threatening organ-specific autoimmune disease and the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease. It can happen to those who have hyperthyroidism or euthyroidism. At present, the pathogenesis of GO has not been fully elucidated, and the majority of clinical treatments are symptomatic. Therefore, we are eager to discover any new therapeutic strategies that target the etiology of GO. To provide fresh ideas for the creation of new therapeutic techniques, this study primarily discusses the research state and progress of GO-related pathogenesis from the perspectives of GO’s cellular immunity, autoantigens, non-coding RNAs, and exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zheng
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Honghong Duan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Sufang You
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Huibin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huibin Huang,
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15
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Single-cell RNA sequencing depicts the local cell landscape in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100699. [PMID: 35896115 PMCID: PMC9418739 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
There is a specific reactivity and characteristic remodeling of the periocular tissue in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). However, local cell changes responsible for these pathological processes have not been sufficiently identified. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing is performed to characterize the transcriptional changes of cellular components in the orbital connective tissue in individuals with TAO. Our study shows that lipofibroblasts with RASD1 expression are highly involved in inflammation and adipogenesis during TAO. ACKR1+ endothelial cells and adipose tissue macrophages may engage in TAO pathogenesis. We find CD8+CD57+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes with the terminal differentiation phenotype to be another source of interferon-γ, a molecule actively engaging in TAO pathogenesis. Cell-cell communication analysis reveals increased activity of CXCL8/ACKR1 and TNFSF4/TNFRSF4 interactions in TAO. This study provides a comprehensive local cell landscape of TAO and may be valuable for future therapy investigation. A local transcriptional landscape of orbital connective tissue in TAO is developed RASD1-expressing lipofibroblasts are highly involved in adipogenesis and inflammation ACKR1+ endothelial cells contribute to inflammatory cell infiltration in TAO Adipose tissue macrophages engage in lipid metabolism and inflammatory response in TAO
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16
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Cao X, Lu M, Xie RR, Song LN, Yang WL, Xin Z, Yang GR, Yang JK. A high TSH level is associated with diabetic macular edema: a cross-sectional study of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-22-0122. [PMID: 35686715 PMCID: PMC9254322 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we determined the association between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and diabetic macular edema (DME) by assessing the prevalence and risk factors for DME in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with different thyroid dysfunctions. METHODS This was a retrospective cross-sectional study including 1003 euthyroid and 92 subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) T2DM patients. DME status was detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The association between TSH and DME and the impact of TSH on DME were analyzed. RESULTS The DME prevalence was 28.3% in the SCH patients and 14.0% in the euthyroid population. The serum FT4 (P = 0.001) and FT3 (P < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in the non-DME group than in the DME group, and the TSH level (P < 0.001) was significantly lower. Four subgroups (G1-G4) were divided by TSH level, and the chi-square test indicated that even in the normal range, the TSH level was positively related to DME prevalence (P = 0.001). Subgroup data indicated that the association between TSH and DME detected by OCT (P = 0.001) was stronger than the correlation between TSH and diabetic retinopathy detected by digital retinal photographs (P = 0.027). The logistic regression model confirmed that elevated TSH was an independent risk factor for DME. The odds ratio was 1.53 (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS A high TSH level was an independent risk factor for DME. More attention should be given to the TSH level in T2DM patients due to its relationship with diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cao
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Rong Xie
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ni Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Li Yang
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to J-K Yang:
| | - Zhong Xin
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Ran Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to J-K Yang:
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to J-K Yang:
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17
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FitzPatrick AM. Is Estrogen a Missing Culprit in Thyroid Eye Disease? Sex Steroid Hormone Homeostasis Is Key to Other Fibrogenic Autoimmune Diseases - Why Not This One? Front Immunol 2022; 13:898138. [PMID: 35784325 PMCID: PMC9248759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex bias in autoimmune disease (AID) prevalence is known, but the role of estrogen in disease progression is more complex. Estrogen can even be protective in some AIDs; but in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic sclerosis (SSc), estrogen, its metabolites, and its receptors have been demonstrated to play critical, localized inflammatory roles. Estrogen is instrumental to the fibrosis seen in RA, SLE, SSc and other disease states, including breast cancer and uterine leiomyomas. Fibrotic diseases tend to share a common pattern in which lymphocyte-monocyte interactions generate cytokines which stimulate the deposition of fibrogenic connective tissue. RA, SLE, SSc and thyroid eye disease (TED) have very similar inflammatory and fibrotic patterns-from pathways to tissue type. The thorough investigations that demonstrated estrogen's role in the pathology of RA, SLE, and SSc could, and possibly should, be carried out in TED. One might even expect to find an even greater role for estrogen, and sex steroid homeostasis in TED, given that TED is typically sequalae to Graves' disease (GD), or Hashimoto's disease (HD), and these are endocrine disorders that can create considerable sex steroid hormone dysregulation. This paper highlights the pathophysiology similarities in 4 AIDs, examines the evidence of sex steroid mediated pathology across 3 AIDs and offers a case study and speculation on how this may be germane to TED.
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18
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Gupta V, Hammond CL, Roztocil E, Gonzalez MO, Feldon SE, Woeller CF. Thinking inside the box: Current insights into targeting orbital tissue remodeling and inflammation in thyroid eye disease. Surv Ophthalmol 2022; 67:858-874. [PMID: 34487739 PMCID: PMC8891393 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune disorder that manifests in the orbit. In TED, the connective tissue behind the eye becomes inflamed and remodels with increased fat accumulation and/or increased muscle and scar tissue. As orbital tissue expands, patients develop edema, exophthalmos, diplopia, and optic neuropathy. In severe cases vision loss may occur secondary to corneal scarring from exposure or optic nerve compression. Currently there is no cure for TED, and treatments are limited. A major breakthrough in TED therapy occurred with the FDA approval of teprotumumab, a monoclonal insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) blocking antibody. Yet, teprotumumab therapy has limitations, including cost, infusion method of drug delivery, variable response, and relapse. We describe approaches to target orbital fibroblasts and the complex pathophysiology that underlies tissue remodeling and inflammation driving TED. Further advances in the elucidation of the mechanisms of TED may lead to prophylaxis based upon early biomarkers as well as lead to more convenient, less expensive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardaan Gupta
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Christine L Hammond
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Elisa Roztocil
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Mithra O Gonzalez
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Steven E Feldon
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Collynn F Woeller
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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19
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He Q, Dong H, Gong M, Guo Y, Xia Q, Gong J, Lu F. New Therapeutic Horizon of Graves' Hyperthyroidism: Treatment Regimens Based on Immunology and Ingredients From Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:862831. [PMID: 35462920 PMCID: PMC9020194 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.862831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by goiter and hyperthyroidism, and 25% patients develop GO. Traditional treatment options, such as antithyroid drugs, radioiodine or thyroidectomy, have remained largely unchanged over the past 70 years. For many patients, there is a high rate of recurrence after antithyroid drugs and lifelong hypothyroidism after ablation and thyroidectomy. The symptoms and quality of life of some patients have not been effectively improved. The clinical demand for new therapeutic regimens, coupled with a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology and immunobiology of Graves’ disease, has led to the emergence of several new therapeutic ideas, including biologics, small molecule peptides, immunomodulators and teprotumumab, a specific antibody targeting IGF-1R. Besides, the elements of TCM have attracted more and more interests in modern medicine, because some effective components have been successfully used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Based on the pathophysiology and efficacy of clinical management and treatment in Graves’ hyperthyroidism, here we review the new strategies under investigation and summarize the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine used for Graves’ hyperthyroidism, and explore their mechanisms. These therapies have opened a new window for the treatment of Graves’ disease, but the exact mechanism and the research direction still need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyao He
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Grade 2017 of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Clinical Medicine, Second Clinical School, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minmin Gong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujin Guo
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingsong Xia
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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20
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Li Z, Wang H, Zhang K, Zhao J, Liu H, Ma X, Guo J, Wang J, Lu W. Melatonin inhibits autophagy in TM3 cells via AKT/FOXO1 pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2925-2932. [PMID: 34997871 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin can regulate apoptosis and autophagy of mouse Leydig cells, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. METHODS In this study, we used the TM3 cell line as the research object, and used H2O2 to induce autophagy. After adding 10 ng/ml melatonin, we used qRT-PCR and western-blot to detect autophagy-related gene and protein expression, and flow cytometry to detect cellular ROS level. RESULTS The results showed that melatonin can significantly inhibit the occurrence of autophagy, accompanied by a significant decrease in the expression of Becn1, LC3, and FOXO1 (P < 0.05), a significant increase in the expression of p62 and pAKT (P < 0.05), and a significant decrease in ROS level (P < 0.05). After added the inhibitor of AKT perifosine, the effect of melatonin on inhibiting autophagy was reversed. On this basis, we used small RNA interference technology to knock down the expression of FOXO1, and found that there was no significant change of the expression of genes and proteins related to autophagy and ROS level. CONCLUSIONS In summary, melatonin can inhibit H2O2-induced autophagy in TM3 cells through the AKT/FOXO1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Lab of the Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Lab of the Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kaiyan Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Lab of the Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Lab of the Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Lab of the Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Lab of the Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Lab of the Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China. .,Key Lab of the Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China. .,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, 130118, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Wenfa Lu
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China. .,Key Lab of the Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin, China. .,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, 130118, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
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21
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Tang W, Lv Q, Huang X, Li Y, Zou J, Zheng J, Sun L, Bao Y, Chen H, Li T, Zhang B, Xue S, Song Y, Zhang X, Chen X, Cai J, Shi Y. MiR-143 Targets IGF-1R to Suppress Autoimmunity in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1543-1554. [PMID: 35256853 PMCID: PMC8898058 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s339483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune disease that involves the remodeling of orbit and periorbital tissues. Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) may stimulate the activation of autoimmunity in TAO, but the exact mechanism is unclear. We investigated whether IGF-1R/TSHR modulation in TAO may involve microRNA regulation. Methods We conducted microarray analysis using RNA from the orbital connective tissue samples of 3 healthy and 3 patients with TAO. The involvement of differentially regulated microRNA in IGF-1R/TSHR modulation in TAO was evaluated in orbital fibroblasts (OFs) and female BALB/c mice. Results Using hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified that miR-143 was downregulated in TAO. The expression levels of miR-143 in OFs were significantly reduced under IL-1B stimulation. However, OF proliferation and inflammatory responses decreased when miR-143 is overexpressed. In contrast, the suppression of miR-143 increased levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-8, MCP1) and hyaluronan accumulation. Moreover, overexpression of miR-143 significantly lowers levels of IGF-1R and TSHR. A luciferase assay indicated that miR-143 targets the 3′-UTR of IGF-1R. Increases in the expression of IGF-1R increased the expression of the inflammasome marker NLRP3 and apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-1; however, miR-143 overexpression decreased levels of IGF-1R, TSHR, NLRP3, cleaved caspase 1, IL-1B, and IL-18. In a mouse model of TAO, overexpression of miR-143 significantly reduced levels of IGF-1R and attenuated the adipogenesis associated with TAO. Conclusion We found that miR-143 directly targets IGF-1R to alleviate the inflammatory response in TAO by indirectly decreasing levels of TSHR and inactivating NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - JunJie Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaoyang Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangfang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiangfang Chen; Yongquan Shi, Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Jiping Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Yue Z, Mou P, Chen S, Tong F, Wei R. A Novel Competing Endogenous RNA Network Associated With the Pathogenesis of Graves' Ophthalmopathy. Front Genet 2022; 12:795546. [PMID: 34976024 PMCID: PMC8714659 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.795546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Growing evidence has recently revealed the characteristics of long noncoding (lncRNA)/circular RNA (circRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA networks in numerous human diseases. However, a scientific lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network related to Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) remains lacking. Materials and methods: The expression levels of RNAs in GO patients were measured through high-throughput sequencing technology, and the results were proven by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). We constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database and identified hub genes by the Cytoscape plug-in CytoHubba. Then, the miRNAs related to differentially expressed lncRNAs/circRNAs and mRNAs were predicted through seed sequence matching analysis. Correlation coefficient analysis was performed on the interesting RNAs to construct a novel competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Results: In total, 361 mRNAs, 355 circRNAs, and 242 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in GO patients compared with control patients, 166 pairs were identified, and ceRNA networks were constructed. The qPCR results showed that 4 mRNAs (THBS2, CHRM3, CXCL1, FPR2) and 2 lncRNAs (LINC01820:13, ENST00000499452) were differentially expressed between the GO patients and control patients. Conclusion: An innovative lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network between GO patients and control patients was constructed, and two important ceRNA pathways were identified, the LINC01820:13-hsa-miR-27b-3p-FPR2 ceRNA pathway and the ENST00000499452-hsa-miR-27a-3p-CXCL1 pathway, which probably affect the autoimmune response and inflammation in GO patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifan Yue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medicine University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Mou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medicine University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sainan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medicine University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medicine University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruili Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medicine University, Shanghai, China
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23
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ELF3-induced miR-182 inhibits adipogenic differentiation in Graves' orbitopathy by targeting thyrotropin receptor. Cent Eur J Immunol 2022; 47:308-322. [PMID: 36817393 PMCID: PMC9901259 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2022.124087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a common autoimmune disease, but its specific pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) possess an important regulatory function in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we explored the potential role of miR-182 in the diagnosis of GO. Material and methods The expression of miR-182, thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) and adipocytokines was ascertained by qRT-PCR assay. The triglyceride (TG) content was ascertained by ELISA assay. The lipid droplet content was identified by Oil Red O staining. The relationship between E74-like factor 3 (ELF3), miR-182 and TSHR was confirmed by ChIP, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP. Results The expression of miR-182 decreased, while TSHR increased, and adipocytokine (adiponectin, leptin, PPAR-γ, and AP2) levels were upregulated in preorbital adipose tissue of patients with GO and differential medium induced (DM-induced) 3T3-L1 cells. MiR-182 mimics inhibited adipocytokine expression, TG content and lipid droplets; however, miR-182 inhibitor had the opposite results. TSHR was a target gene of miR-182, and TSHR overexpression (oe-TSHR) reversed the effect of miR-182 mimics on adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 by DM treatment. ELF3 transcription promoted miR-182 expression. Oe-ELF3 inhibited adipocytokine expression and reduced TG content and lipid droplets in DM-induced 3T3-L1 cells. MiR-182 inhibitor reversed the effect of oe-ELF3 on adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1. Conclusions ELF3/miR-182/TSHR axis alleviated Graves' orbitopathy by inhibiting adipogenic differentiation.
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Jang SY, Kim J, Park JT, Liu CY, Korn BS, Kikkawa DO, Lee EJ, Yoon JS. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Periostin in the Treatment of Graves' Orbitopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:900791. [PMID: 35707463 PMCID: PMC9189304 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.900791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin is a matricellular protein that is ubiquitously expressed in normal human tissues and is involved in pathologic mechanism of chronic inflammatory and fibrotic disease. In this study we investigate periostin in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) using human orbital adipose tissue obtained from surgery and primary cultured orbital fibroblasts in vitro. POSTN (gene encoding periostin) expression in Graves' orbital tissues and healthy control tissues was studied, and the role of periostin in GO pathologic mechanism was examined through small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing. POSTN gene expression was significantly higher in Graves' orbital tissues than healthy control tissues in real-time PCR results, and immunohistochemical staining revealed higher expression of periostin in Graves' orbital tissues than normal tissues. Silencing periostin using siRNA transfection significantly attenuated TGF-β-induced profibrotic protein production and phosphorylated p38 and SMAD protein production. Knockdown of periostin inhibited interleukin-1 β -induced proinflammatory cytokines production as well as phosphorylation of NF-κB and Ak signaling protein. Adipocyte differentiation was also suppressed in periostin-targeting siRNA transfected GO cells. We hypothesize that periostin contributes to the pathogenic process of inflammation, fibrosis and adipogenesis of GO. Our study provides in vitro evidence that periostin may be a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Jinjoo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Catherine Y. Liu
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Bobby S. Korn
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Don O. Kikkawa
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jin Sook Yoon,
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25
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Liu Y, Yang H, Liang C, Huang X, Deng X, Luo Z. Expression of functional thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor in microglia. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2021; 83:40-45. [PMID: 34896340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to clarify the expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) in microglial cells, and to explore its function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of TSHR in microglia was determined by Western blot, immunocytofluorescence and double immunohistofluorescence. Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) production was measured after thyrotropin receptor stimulating antibody (TSAb) treatment. RESULTS Results showed that TSHR protein was expressed and mainly located in the mouse microglia membrane. Moreover, TSAb stimulated cAMP production in mouse microglia (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the presence of TSHR in microglial cells. Brain TSHR was able to respond specifically to TSAb stimulation, suggesting that TSHR expression is functional. As microglia are innate immune cells that maintain environmental stability in the central nervous system and play a key role in many neuroimmune diseases, expression of functional TSHR in microglia has important pathophysiological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Liang
- Department of Blood transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujun Deng
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuojie Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China.
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Yang J, He Z, Chen C, Li S, Qian J, Zhao J, Fang R. Toxoplasma gondii Infection Inhibits Histone Crotonylation to Regulate Immune Response of Porcine Alveolar Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696061. [PMID: 34322124 PMCID: PMC8312545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular parasite that can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, causing serious public health problems. Lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is a newly discovered posttranslational modification (PTM), which is first identified on histones and has been proved relevant to procreation regulation, transcription activation, and cell signaling pathway. However, the biological functions of histone crotonylation have not yet been reported in macrophages infected with T. gondii. As a result, a total of 1,286 Kcr sites distributed in 414 proteins were identified and quantified, demonstrating the existence of crotonylation in porcine alveolar macrophages. According to our results, identified histones were overall downregulated. HDAC2, a histone decrotonylase, was found to be significantly increased, which might be the executor of histone Kcr after parasite infection. In addition, T. gondii infection inhibited the crotonylation of H2B on K12, contributing on the suppression of epigenetic regulation and NF-κB activation. Nevertheless, the reduction of histone crotonylation induced by parasite infection could promote macrophage proliferation via activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The present findings point to a comprehensive understanding of the biological functions of histone crotonylation in porcine alveolar macrophages, thereby providing a certain research basis for the mechanism research on the immune response of host cells against T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengming He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Senyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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27
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Cheng X, Zhao L, Ke T, Wang X, Cao L, Liu S, He J, Rong W. Celecoxib ameliorates diabetic neuropathy by decreasing apoptosis and oxidative stress in dorsal root ganglion neurons via the miR-155/COX-2 axis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:825. [PMID: 34149871 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Celecoxib (CXB) is the only clinical cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. Oral administration of CXB in experimental diabetic mice effectively relieved the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy (DN); however, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of CXB in the treatment of DN. An in vitro cellular model of DN was produced by stimulating dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons with high glucose. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and flow cytometry, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) kits, ELISA kits and western blotting were used to determine oxidative cellular damage. The expression level of microRNA (miR)-155 was analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The starBase database and dual-luciferase assays were performed to predict and determine the interaction between miR-155 and COX-2. Protein expression of neurotrophic factors, oxidative stress-related proteins and COX-2 were analyzed by western blotting. Incubation with high glucose led to a decrease in DRG neuron cell viability, facilitated apoptosis, downregulated NGF and BDNF expression, increased ROS and MDA generation and decreased SOD activity. Treatment with CXB significantly protected DRG neurons against high glucose-evoked damage. CXB promoted the expression of miR-155 and COX-2 was revealed to be a direct target of miR-155. Inhibition of COX-2 enhanced the protective effect of CXB on DRG neurons and that treatment with an miR-155 inhibitor partially rescued this effect. The present study demonstrated the involvement of the miR-155/COX-2 axis in the protective effect of CXB against high glucose-induced DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Tingyu Ke
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Wei Rong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
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28
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Zhang Q, Tian P, Xu H. MicroRNA-155-5p regulates survival of human decidua stromal cells through NF-κB in recurrent miscarriage. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100510. [PMID: 33993032 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent miscarriage (RM) occurs in approximately 1% of all couples trying to conceive. Most of the research about recurrent miscarriage mainly focuses on immunology. However, the roles of microRNAs plays (miRNAs) in RM remain elusive. Here, the function of miR-155-5p in regulating survival of human decidua stromal cells through NF-κB signaling was explored in RM. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results showed that miR-155-5p was downregulated in both decidua tissues and serum from RM patients. While, the ELISA assay revealed that the overexpression of miR-155-5p reduced the inflammatory cytokines secretion including IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 in decidua stromal cells. The results of cell counting Kit8 (CCK-8) and immunofluorescence experiments suggested that transfection of miR-155-5p into decidua stromal cells can promote the growth and proliferation of cells. In addition, overexpression of miR-155-5p can also inhibit the apoptosis of decidua stromal cells. The western blot assay results demonstrated that the miR-155-5p exerted effect mainly through activating NF-κB signaling pathway in RM. In conclusion, the miRNA-155-5p can not only promote the growth and proliferation but also inhibit the apoptosis of decidua stromal cells depending on inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway in recurrent miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430014, China
| | - Ping Tian
- Department of Gynaecology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430014, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430014, China.
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29
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Wang Y, Ma XM, Wang X, Sun X, Wang LJ, Li XQ, Liu XY, Yu HS. Emerging Insights Into the Role of Epigenetics and Gut Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Graves' Ophthalmopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:788535. [PMID: 35069441 PMCID: PMC8766297 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.788535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that is often characterized by infiltration of orbital tissues and is considered as the most common extra-thyroid manifestation of Graves' disease (GD). Although genetic susceptibility has been found to be critical for the phenotype of GO, the associated risk alleles in a single gene are generally insufficient to cause the disease. Accruing evidence has shown that epigenetic disorders can act as the potentially missing link between genetic risk and clinically significant disease development. Abnormal epigenetic modifications can lead to pro-inflammatory cascades and activation of orbital fibroblasts (OFs) by promoting the various inflammatory response pathways and regulating the diverse signaling molecules that are involved in the fibrogenesis and adipogenesis, thereby leading to the significant expansion of orbital tissues, fibrosis and inflammation infiltration. Additionally, emerging evidence has shown that the gut microbiome can possibly drive the pathogenesis of GO by influencing the secretion of Thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) and T-helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cells (Treg) imbalance. This paper describes the latest epigenetic research evidence and progress made in comprehending the mechanisms of GO development, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNAs, and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiao-Min Ma
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ling-Jun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin-Qi Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hong-Song Yu
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Song Yu,
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30
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Wei Y, Li N, Zhao L, Yang C, Ma B, Li X, Wei R, Nian H. MicroRNAs and Autoimmune-Mediated Eye Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:818. [PMID: 32974350 PMCID: PMC7468483 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved short non-coding RNAs that act at post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by destroying target messenger RNA or inhibiting its translation. Recently, miRNAs have been identified as important regulators in autoimmunity. Aberrant expression and function of miRNAs can lead to dysfunction of immune system and mediate autoimmune disorders. Here, we summarize the roles of miRNAs that have been implicated in three representative ocular autoimmune disorders, including autoimmune uveitis, Grave's ophthalmopathy, and Sjögren's syndrome dry eye, and discuss the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Binyun Ma
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruihua Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Nian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Zhang Y, Li X, Guo C, Dong J, Liao L. Mechanisms of Spica Prunellae against thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:229. [PMID: 32689994 PMCID: PMC7372882 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder, which lacks effective treatment currently. Spica Prunellae (SP) is popularly used for its anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating properties, indicating SP may have potential therapeutic value in TAO. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the efficiency and potential mechanism of SP in treating TAO. METHODS A network pharmacology integrated molecular docking strategy was used to predict the underlying molecular mechanism of treating TAO. Firstly, the active compounds of SP were obtained from TCMSP database and literature research. Then we collected the putative targets of SP and TAO based on multi-sources databases to generate networks. Network topology analysis, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed to screen the key targets and mechanism. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation provided an assessment tool for verifying drug and target binding. RESULTS Our results showed that 8 targets (PTGS2, MAPK3, AKT1, TNF, MAPK1, CASP3, IL6, MMP9) were recognized as key therapeutic targets with excellent binding affinity after network analysis and molecular docking-based virtual screening. The results of enrichment analysis suggested that the underlying mechanism was mainly focused on the biological processes and pathways associated with immune inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Notably, the key pathway was considered as the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION In summary, the present study elucidates that SP may suppress inflammation and proliferation and promote apoptosis through the PI3K-AKT pathway, which makes SP a potential treatment against TAO. And this study offers new reference points for future experimental research and provides a scientific basis for more widespread clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China.,Laboratory of Endocrinology, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xianzhi Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China.,Laboratory of Endocrinology, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Congcong Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China. .,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Ji-nan, 250014, China.
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Roztocil E, Hammond CL, Gonzalez MO, Feldon SE, Woeller CF. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway controls matrix metalloproteinase-1 and collagen levels in human orbital fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8477. [PMID: 32439897 PMCID: PMC7242326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) affects 25–50% of patients with Graves’ Disease. In TED, collagen accumulation leads to an expansion of the extracellular matrix (ECM) which causes destructive tissue remodeling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) to limit ECM accumulation in vitro. The ability of AHR to control expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) was analyzed. MMP1 degrades collagen to prevent excessive ECM. Human orbital fibroblasts (OFs) were treated with the pro-scarring cytokine, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) to induce collagen production. The AHR ligand, 6-formylindolo[3,2b]carbazole (FICZ) was used to activate the AHR pathway in OFs. MMP1 protein and mRNA levels were analyzed by immunosorbent assay, Western blotting and quantitative PCR. MMP1 activity was detected using collagen zymography. AHR and its transcriptional binding partner, ARNT were depleted using siRNA to determine their role in activating expression of MMP1. FICZ induced MMP1 mRNA, protein expression and activity. MMP1 expression led to a reduction in collagen 1A1 levels. Furthermore, FICZ-induced MMP1 expression required both AHR and ARNT, demonstrating that the AHR-ARNT transcriptional complex is necessary for expression of MMP1 in OFs. These data show that activation of the AHR by FICZ increases MMP1 expression while leading to a decrease in collagen levels. Taken together, these studies suggest that AHR activation could be a promising target to block excessive collagen accumulation and destructive tissue remodeling that occurs in fibrotic diseases such as TED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Roztocil
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Christine L Hammond
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Mithra O Gonzalez
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Steven E Feldon
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Collynn F Woeller
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA. .,Department of Environmental Medicine School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA.
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