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Yanni Y, Qian W, Wenbin W. Peripapillary RNFL cross-sectional area and its association with other parameters in a Chinese population. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:260. [PMID: 38880871 PMCID: PMC11181622 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative analysis of retinal nerve fibers is important for the diagnosis and treatment of optic nerve diseases. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) cross-sectional area may give a more accurate quantitative assessment of retinal nerve fibers than RNFL thickness but there have been no previous reports of the peripapillary RNFL cross-sectional area or other parameters. The purpose of the current study was to determine peripapillary RNFL cross-sectional area and its association with other factors in an adult Chinese population. METHODS RNFL cross-sectional area was measured during peripapillary circular optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan with a diameter of 12° centered on the optic disc. Correlation between RNFL cross-sectional area and other parameters was evaluated by linear regression analysis in a cross-sectional study of an adult Chinese population. RESULTS A total of 2404 eyes from 2404 subjects were examined. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that larger RNFL cross-sectional area correlated with younger age (p < 0.001), female gender (p = 0.001), no history of diabetes (p = 0.012) and larger optic disc area (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Peripapillary RNFL cross-sectional area is correlated positively with optic disc area, suggesting that eyes with larger optic discs have thicker RNFL. Further studies are needed to confirm whether this correlation is due to differences in the numbers of retinal nerve fibers or other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yanni
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wang Qian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Wenbin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Xue CC, Wang X, Han YX, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Wang YX, Jonas JB. Parapapillary gamma zone associated with increased peripapillary scleral bowing: the Beijing Eye Study 2011. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1665-1671. [PMID: 36126108 PMCID: PMC10646846 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the association between the backward configuration of the peripapillary sclera (PPS), measured as PPS angle (PPSA), and presence and extent of parapapillary gamma zone. METHODS Out of the population-based Beijing Eye Study 2011, we randomly selected individuals free of optic nerve and retinal diseases. With Spectralis optical coherence tomography, we measured gamma zone (zone free of Bruch's membrane (BM)) and determined the PPSA, defined as the angle between the anterior scleral surface lines from both sides of the optic nerve head (ONH). RESULTS The study included 678 individuals with age of 59.5±7.6 years (range: 50-90) and axial length of 23.5±1.3 mm (20.9-29.2). Gamma zone was more prevalent in eyes with larger PPSA (p=0.006) after adjustment for axial length (p<0.001) and BM opening area (p<0.001). Gamma zone width was positively associated with PPSA, axial length and BM opening area (all p<0.001) in multivariable analysis. Circular gamma zone was accompanied with larger PPSA as compared with focal gamma zone (19.9°±7.2° vs 6.3°±5.3°, p<0.001). Focal temporal gamma and focal inferior gamma had similar mean PPSA (p=0.69). However, the horizontal PPSA was significantly larger than the vertical PPSA in inferior gamma (6.9°±6.3° vs 4.7°±6.6°; p=0.005), while they were comparable in temporal gamma (6.1°±5.8° vs 6.3°±6.4°; p=0.073). CONCLUSIONS A more backward bowing of the PPS was linearly and spatially associated with the presence, size and extent of gamma zone. It suggested that the BM and the sclera were closely related in participating the biomechanical behaviour of the ONH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Can Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xiang Han
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing key laboratory of restoration of damaged ocular nerve, Peking University Third hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
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Qiao Y, Cheng D, Zhu X, Ruan K, Ye Y, Yu J, Zhang Z, Gao W, Wu M, Shen M, Shen L. Characteristics of the Peripapillary Structure and Vasculature in Patients With Myopic Anisometropia. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:16. [PMID: 37850949 PMCID: PMC10593134 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.10.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the interocular differences of the peripapillary structural and vascular parameters and that of association with axial length (AL) in participants with myopic anisometropia using swept-source optical coherence tomography. Methods This prospective cross-sectional study included 90 eyes of 45 participants. Each participant's eyes were divided into the more and less myopic eye respectively according to spherical equivalent. The β- and γ-parapapillary atrophy (PPA) areas, Bruch's membrane opening distance, border length, and border tissue angle were measured manually. Peripapillary choroidal vascularity index and choroidal thickness (CT) values in superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal were calculated using a custom-built algorithm based on MATLAB. Results The interocular difference in AL and spherical equivalent was 0.62 ± 0.26 mm and -1.50 (-2.13, -1.25) diopters (D), respectively. The interocular difference in spherical equivalent was highly correlated with that of the AL. The β- and γ-PPA areas were significantly greater in more myopic eyes. The mean and inferior peripapillary choroidal vascularity index and all regions of peripapillary CT were significantly lower in the more myopic eyes. The interocular difference in AL was significantly positively correlated with the interocular differences in γ-PPA area and border length and negatively correlated with the interocular differences in temporal choroidal vascularity index and mean, inferior, and temporal peripapillary CT. There was an independent correlation between the interocular differences in AL and the interocular differences in γ-PPA area, inferior, and temporal peripapillary CT. Conclusions Significant differences between both groups were detected in most peripapillary parameters, especially in peripapillary CT. The γ-PPA area, border length, and peripapillary CT were significantly correlated with the elongation of AL. Translational Relevance The current study characterized and analyzed the peripapillary parameters in myopic anisometropia, which helped to monitor myopic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Qiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueying Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kaiming Ruan
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Ye
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiafeng Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengxi Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiqian Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minhui Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meixiao Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijun Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Jonas JB, Jonas RA, Bikbov MM, Wang YX, Panda-Jonas S. Myopia: Histology, clinical features, and potential implications for the etiology of axial elongation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101156. [PMID: 36585290 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myopic axial elongation is associated with various non-pathological changes. These include a decrease in photoreceptor cell and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell density and retinal layer thickness, mainly in the retro-equatorial to equatorial regions; choroidal and scleral thinning pronounced at the posterior pole and least marked at the ora serrata; and a shift in Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) occurring in moderately myopic eyes and typically in the temporal/inferior direction. The BMO shift leads to an overhang of Bruch's membrane (BM) into the nasal intrapapillary compartment and BM absence in the temporal region (i.e., parapapillary gamma zone), optic disc ovalization due to shortening of the ophthalmoscopically visible horizontal disc diameter, fovea-optic disc distance elongation, reduction in angle kappa, and straightening/stretching of the papillomacular retinal blood vessels and retinal nerve fibers. Highly myopic eyes additionally show an enlargement of all layers of the optic nerve canal, elongation and thinning of the lamina cribrosa, peripapillary scleral flange (i.e., parapapillary delta zone) and peripapillary choroidal border tissue, and development of circular parapapillary beta, gamma, and delta zone. Pathological features of high myopia include development of macular linear RPE defects (lacquer cracks), which widen to round RPE defects (patchy atrophies) with central BM defects, macular neovascularization, myopic macular retinoschisis, and glaucomatous/glaucoma-like and non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy. BM thickness is unrelated to axial length. Including the change in eye shape from a sphere in emmetropia to a prolate (rotational) ellipsoid in myopia, the features may be explained by a primary BM enlargement in the retro-equatorial/equatorial region leading to axial elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karis-University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute for Clinical and Scientific Ophthalmology and Acupuncture Jonas & Panda, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Rahul A Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
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Anatomic Peculiarities Associated with Axial Elongation of the Myopic Eye. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041317. [PMID: 36835853 PMCID: PMC9966891 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe anatomical peculiarities associated with axial elongation in the human myopic eye. METHODS Reviewing the results of previous histomorphometrical investigations of enucleated human globes, as well as reviewing findings obtained in population-based studies and hospital-based clinical investigations of myopic patients and non-myopic individuals. RESULTS Myopic axial elongation is associated with a change from a mostly spherical eye shape to a prolate ellipsoid form. It is combined with choroidal and scleral thinning, most pronounced at the posterior pole and less pronounced in the fundus midperiphery. In the fundus midperiphery, the retina and density of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors decrease with a longer axial length, while in the macular region, retinal thickness, RPE cell density, and choriocapillaris thickness are not related to axial length. With axial elongation, a parapapillary gamma zone develops, leading to an enlargement of the optic disc-fovea distance and a decrease in angle kappa. Axial elongation is also correlated with an increase in the surface and volume of Bruch's membrane (BM), while BM thickness remains unchanged. Axial elongation causes moderately myopic eyes to show a shift of BM opening to the foveal direction so that the horizontal disc diameter becomes shorter (with a consequent vertical ovalization of the optic disc shape), a temporal gamma zone develops, and the optic nerve exit takes an oblique course. Features of high myopia are an enlargement of the RPE opening (myopic parapapillary beta zone) and BM opening (secondary macrodisc), elongation and thinning of the lamina cribrosa, peripapillary scleral flange (parapapillary delta zone) and peripapillary choroidal border tissue, secondary BM defects in the macular region, myopic maculoschisis, macular neovascularization, and cobblestones in the fundus periphery. CONCLUSIONS These features combined may be explained by a growth in BM in the fundus midperiphery leading to axial elongation.
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Jonas JB, Zhang Q, Xu L, Wei WB, Jonas RA, Wang YX. Change in the ophthalmoscopical optic disc size and shape in a 10-year follow-up: the Beijing Eye Study 2001-2011. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:283-288. [PMID: 34475035 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess prevalence and associated factors of changes in the ophthalmoscopic optic disc size and shape. METHODS The case-control study included all highly myopic eyes (myopic refractive error ≤-6.0 diopters) and a randomly selected group of non-highly myopic eyes, examined in the population-based Beijing Eye Study 2001 and 2011. RESULTS The study included 89 highly myopic eyes (age:65.0±9.8 years) and 86 non-highly myopic eyes. Reduction in ophthalmoscopic disc size (prevalence, high myopia: 30 (33.7%) eyes; non-high myopia: 7 (8.1%) eyes) was associated with non-circular gamma zone enlargement (OR: 19.4; 95% CI: 6.7 to 56.6; p<0.001) and disc-fovea line elongation (OR: 2.80;95% CI: 1.12 to 6.98; p=0.03). Disc size reduction was correlated with a disc diameter shortening in direction of the widest gamma zone enlargement (correlation coefficient r=34; p=0.01). The perpendicular disc diameter remained mostly unchanged, resulting in an ovalisation of the ophthalmoscopic disc shape. Enlargement of the ophthalmoscopic disc size (prevalence, high myopia: 22 (24.7%) eyes; non-high myopia: 4 (4.7%) eyes) was associated with circular gamma zone enlargement (4.99; 95% CI: 1.95 to 12.8; p=0.001) and high myopia (OR: 4.29; 95% CI: 1.34 to 13.8; p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Myopic axial elongation may lead first to a Bruch's membrane (BM) opening (BMO) shift into the foveal direction leading to BM overhanging into the nasal intrapapillary compartment, development and enlargement of gamma zone at the temporal disc side, reduction in the ophthalmoscopically visible disc area and ovalisation of the ophthalmoscopic disc shape. In a second step, an axial elongation-associated BMO enlargement may lead to a circular gamma zone increase and, due to the retraction of BM at the nasal disc border, to an enlargement of the ophthalmoscopically visible optic disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jost B Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Qi Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Eye Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Bin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rahul A Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Jonas JB, Zhang Q, Xu L, Wei WB, Jonas RA, Wang YX. Parapapillary gamma zone enlargement in a 10-year follow-up: the Beijing Eye Study 2001-2011. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:524-530. [PMID: 35194154 PMCID: PMC9905487 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-01978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess prevalence and associated factors of parapapillary gamma zone enlargement (GZE). METHODS Using fundus photographs and optical coherence tomographic images of participants of the population-based Beijing Eye Study, we examined gamma zone changes in a 10-year follow-up. RESULTS The study included 89 highly myopic eyes (61 participants; age: 65.0 ± 9.8 years) and 86 randomly selected non-highly myopic eyes. GZE prevalence was significantly higher in highly myopic eyes than non-highly myopic eyes (75/89; 84%; 95% CI: 77, 92 versus 18/86; 21%; 95% CI:12, 30; p < 0.001). None of the eyes showed a reduction in gamma zone size. Higher prevalence of segmental GZE without enlargement of Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) (mean: 26/175; 14.9%; 95% CI: 9.5, 20.2) was associated with optic disc size reduction (OR: 43.3; 95% CI: 10.9, 172; p < 0.001), disc-fovea distance elongation (OR: 15.4; 95% CI: 3.12, 76.4; p = 0.001) and lower prevalence of high axial myopia (OR: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.44; p = 0.001). Higher prevalence of circular GZE (mean: 38/175; 21.7%; 95% CI: 16, 28) was correlated with optic disc enlargement (OR: 4.30; 95% CI: 1.58, 11.7; p = 0.004), and higher prevalence of myopic maculopathy progression (OR: 4.04; 95% CI: 1.60, 10.2; p = 0.003), or alternatively, higher prevalence of high myopia (OR: 4.44; 95% CI: 1.76, 11.2; p = 0.002). Circular GZE or BMO enlargement was associated with lower prevalence of macular BM defect enlargement (p = 0.035). GZE occurred perpendicular to the orientation of myopic lacquer cracks in 12 out of 17 (71%; 95% CI: 46, 95) eyes with lacquer cracks. Segmental GZE occurred in 49 (89%) out of 55 eyes in the same direction as shortening of the disc diameter developed. CONCLUSIONS The observations support the possibility of a posterior myopic axial elongation-associated BMO shift, leading to a segmental GZE in non-highly myopic eyes, followed by a circular GZE in highly myopic eyes. Large gamma zone might be protective against macular Bruch's membrane defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jost B Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qi Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Bin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Rahul A Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
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Jonas JB, Xu L, Wei WB, Jonas RA, Wang YX. Progression and associated factors of lacquer cracks/patchy atrophies in high myopia: the Beijing Eye Study 2001-2011. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 260:3221-3229. [PMID: 35608686 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the development and progression of lacquer cracks/patchy atrophies (LCs/PAs) in high myopia. METHODS The case control study included highly myopic eyes (refractive error ≤ - 6.0 diopters), examined in the population-based Beijing Eye Study 2001/2011. Using fundus photographs taken in 2001 and 2011 and optical coherence tomographic images obtained in 2011, we assessed the incidence and enlargement of pre-existing LC/PAs. RESULTS The study included 89 highly myopic eyes (age: 65.0 ± 9.4 years). Newly developed or enlarged LC/PAs were detected in 17 (19.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.0, 27.0) eyes, with a new LC development without previous LCs, enlargement of a pre-existing LC, LC enlargement to a PA, development of a new PA without any previous LCs, and enlargement of a pre-existing PA detected in 3, 3, 5, 3, and 3 eyes, respectively. In 14 (82.4%; 95%CI: 62.3, 100) of the 17 eyes with LC/PA development or enlargement, the LC/PAs elongated perpendicularly to, and widened in, the direction of gamma zone enlargement. Higher prevalence of LC/PA enlargement was associated (multivariable analysis) with higher myopic maculopathy stage in 2001 (odds ratio (OR): 7.83; 95%CI: 2.65, 23.2; P < 0.001) and higher frequency of parapapillary delta zone enlargement (OR: 32.0; 95%CI: 3.07, 334; P < 0.001). Prevalence of LC/PA enlargement was lower than the prevalence of changes in other myopic maculopathy features (disc-fovea distance elongation: 71%; choroidal vessel shift: 55%; reduction in ophthalmoscopical disc size: 34%; ophthalmoscopic disc size enlargement: 25%). All eyes with LC/PA enlargement showed a pre-existing and enlarging gamma zone. CONCLUSIONS Development and enlargement of LC/PAs were associated with enlargement of parapapillary delta zone and often occurred in association with the direction of gamma zone enlargement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jost B Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Kutzerufer 1, 68167, Mannheim, Germany. .,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland. .,Privatpraxis Prof Jonas Und Dr Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wen Bin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Rahul A Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Jonas JB, Yan YN, Zhang Q, Jonas RA, Wang YX. Choroidal shift in myopic eyes in the 10-year follow-up Beijing eye study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14658. [PMID: 34282232 PMCID: PMC8290045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess longitudinal changes in the spatial relationship of the choroidal vasculature to retinal vasculature in myopic eyes. In the population-based longitudinal Beijing Eye Study in 2001/2011, we examined all highly myopic eyes with assessable fundus photographs and a randomized group of non-highly myopic. Using fundus photographs, we qualitatively assessed changes in the location of major choroidal vessels in relationship to retinal vessels. The study consisted of 85 highly myopic eyes (58 participants;age:64.8 ± 9.4 years) and 85 randomly selected non-highly myopic eyes. A choroidal shift in relationship to the retinal vessels was detected more often in the highly myopic group than the non-highly myopic group (47/85 (55%) vs 6/85 (7%); P < 0.001). In the highly myopic group, the choroidal vessel shift occurring on the disc-fovea line in 39 (44%) eyes, was similar to, or smaller than, the enlargement in gamma zone width in 26 (67%) eyes and in 11 (28%) eyes respectively. The choroidal vessel shift was larger (P = 0.002) in eyes without choroidal vessels in gamma zone than in eyes with large choroidal vessels in gamma zone. In 14 (17%) eyes, a localized centrifugal choroidal shift was observed in association with an increase in the stage of myopic maculopathy. The results suggest that highly myopic eyes show a change in the position of large choroidal vessels in relationship to retinal vessels, in association with development or enlargement of gamma zone and an increase in the stage of myopic maculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jost B Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Capital Medical University, 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Beijing, 100730, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yan Ni Yan
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Capital Medical University, 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Beijing, 100730, China.,Eye Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Rahul A Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Capital Medical University, 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Beijing, 100730, China.
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10
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Jonas RA, Yan YN, Zhang Q, Wang YX, Jonas JB. Elongation of the disc-fovea distance and retinal vessel straightening in high myopia in a 10-year follow-up of the Beijing eye study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9006. [PMID: 33903710 PMCID: PMC8076186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess changes in the disc-fovea distance (DFD) in highly myopic eyes in a 10-year population-based follow-up study. The case control study included all highly myopic eyes (myopic refractive error ≥ − 6.0 diopters or axial length ≥ 26.0 mm) and a randomized group of non-highly myopic eyes examined in the population-based Beijing Eye Study 2001 and 2011. Using fundus photographs and optical coherence tomographic images, we assessed changes in DFD, parapapillary gamma zone, angle kappa (angle between the temporal arterial arcades), and course of papillo-macular retinal vessels. The study included 89 highly myopic eyes and 86 non-highly myopic eyes. DFD elongation, gamma zone widening, angle kappa decrease and straightening of papillo-macular retinal vessels were detected more often (all P < 0.001) in the highly myopic group than in the non-highly myopic group (63/89 versus 9/86;75/89 versus 18/86;61/89 versus 9/86; and 58/89 versus 7/86,respectively). Gamma zone enlargement, angle kappa reduction and papillo-macular retinal vessel straightening were significantly (all P < 0.001) associated with DFD elongation. The length of macular Bruch’s membrane on the disc-fovea line and the vertical distance between the temporal arterial arcade did not change during follow-up. DFD elongation (10-year incidence 70.8% in highly myopic eyes) was associated with gamma zone enlargement, while macular Bruch’s membrane length remained unchanged. It supports the notion of a temporal shift of an otherwise stable posterior Bruch’s membrane in axially elongated eyes. Straightening of the papillo-macular vessels with increasing gamma zone width suggests a coincident stretching of the papillo-macular retinal nerve fibers and inner limiting membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul A Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yan Ni Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Eye Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Zhang Q, Xu L, Zhao L, Jonas RA, Wang YX, Jonas JB. Peaks of circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer and associations in healthy eyes: the Beijing Eye Study 2011. Br J Ophthalmol 2021; 106:1417-1422. [PMID: 33858838 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-318869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the distribution and associations of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) profile, characterised as peak height and peak position, in healthy eyes. METHODS 667 healthy participants (294 male) were randomly selected from the Beijing Eye Study 2011. RNFLT was measured at 768 points at 3.4 mm circumpapillary position using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). The location and height of the superior temporally peak (PeakST), superior nasal peak (PeakSN) and inferior temporal peak (PeakIT) were assessed. RESULTS The RNFLT was thickest at PeakIT (194±25 µm; location: 288±12°), followed by PeakST (182±25 µm; 73±10°) and PeakSN (125±23 µm; 135°±13°). In multivariable analysis, peak RNFLT decreased with longer axial length (p<0.001; correlation coefficient beta: -0.18 to -0.15; all peaks), older age (all p<0.01, beta: -0.10; PeakST and PeakIT), female gender (p=0.026, beta: -0.09; PeakST), and larger parapapillary gamma zone and beta zone width (p≤0.004, beta: -0.16 to-0.11; PeakSN). The temporal peaks were located more closely to the horizontal line in women (p≤0.020, beta: 0.09-0.11) and with longer axial length (p<0.001, beta: 0.27-0.31), while they were located more inferiorly in eyes with larger Bruch's membrane openings (BMOs) (p≤0.01, beta:0.10~0.11). CONCLUSIONS Peak RNFLT decreased by 0.34 µm for each increase of year in age (PeakST and PeakIT), by 3.2-3.5 µm for each 1 mm increase in axial length (all three peaks), and was 4.5 µm thinner in women than in men. The position of temporal peaks depended on gender, axial length and BMO diameter. These associations should be taken into count in OCT-based RNFLT assessment for disease finding, especially in glaucoma evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Rahul A Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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