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Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Heydarian S, Emamian MH, Fotouhi A. Five-year changes in retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in the adult population: a population-based cohort study. Clin Exp Optom 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39374949 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2024.2410879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Distinguishing between the pathological thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and age-related reduction requires a comprehensive understanding of the longitudinal changes in RNFL thickness within a healthy population. BACKGROUND To determine five-year changes in RNFL thickness and associated factors in people aged 45-69 years. METHODS This report pertains to the second and third phases of the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study. Participants were recruited by a multi-stage cluster sampling in Shahroud, Iran. Data on demographic details, visual acuity, non-cycloplegic refraction, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy were collected. High-definition optical coherence tomography was employed for retinal imaging. RESULTS A total of 1,524 eyes from 908 participants were examined. The average RNFL thickness was 92.2 ± 8.5 (95% CI: 91.6 to 92.8) and 93.1 ± 8.7 μm (95% CI: 92.5 to 93.7) in the first and second phases with a five-year mean change of 0.95 ± 4.15 μm (95% CI: 0.70 to 1.20). The RNFL thickness mean changes in the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants were 2.51 ± 7.86 (95% CI: 2.01 to 3.02), 2.93 ± 7.39 (95% CI: 2.56 to 3.29), -0.53 ± 6.15 (95% CI: -0.84 to -0.21), and -1.01 ± 4.67 μm (95% CI: -1.27 to -0.75), respectively. The five-year changes in average RNFL thickness were inversely correlated with axial length (β = -0.69, p < 0.001), mean keratometry (β = -0.37, p = 0.017), and baseline RNFL thickness (β = -0.617, p < 0.001). In hyperopic individuals, the increase in average RNFL thickness (β = 0.65, p = 0.012) was significantly greater than in those with emmetropia. Macular volume (β = 1.65, p < 0.001) showed a direct association with five-year changes in average RNFL thickness. CONCLUSION Over 5 years, RNFL thickness changes were clinically insignificant in the normal population. The mean RNFL thickness seems to remain stable unless there is ocular disease. However, increased axial length and steeper keratometric readings were linked to RNFL thinning. Those with thicker RNFL measurements were at higher risk of thinning over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Heydarian
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Emamian
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Akbar Fotouhi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wu J, Li R, Zhu S, Chen K, Lin C, Tian J, Pan L, Liu H, Jia X, Yu Z, Li Z, Zhu Y, Liu W, Yang C, Wong C, Wang N, Zhuo Y. Normative Profile of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Lamina Cribrosa-Related Parameters in a Healthy Non-Glaucoma Cynomolgus Monkey Colony. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:6. [PMID: 39361317 PMCID: PMC11451825 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.10.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the normal range of ophthalmic parameters and the correlations between systematic and ocular parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness among a healthy non-glaucoma cynomolgus monkey colony. Methods All included monkeys were given detailed ophthalmic examinations, including anterior and posterior segments. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate linear regression models were conducted to estimate the relationship between systemic and ophthalmic parameters and global RNFL thickness. Results A total of 349 non-glaucoma monkeys (18.69 ± 2.88 years old) were collected. The global RNFL thickness was 94.61 ± 10.13 µm, and sex-specific differences existed in all sectors. The decreasing trend of RNFL is as follows: inferotemporal, superotemporal, inferonasal, superonasal, temporal, and nasal. For lamina cribrosa (LC)-related parameters, cup depth (P < 0.01), LC thickness (P = 0.014), and Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) - minimum rim width 2 (P = 0.002) were greater in the male group. However, LC depth (P = 0.02), anterior laminar insertion depth-1 (P = 0.009), and mean anterior laminar insertion depth (P = 0.029) of female monkeys were greater than those of male monkeys. In multivariate linear regression, only older age was significantly related to reduced global RNFL thickness (P < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest the differences in RNFL thickness distribution and sex between non-glaucoma cynomolgus monkeys and humans. Therefore, the impact of this difference on outcomes should be fully considered in laboratory animal studies. Our findings are also significant in terms of developing a normative optical coherence tomography (OCT) database in nonhuman primates (NHPs). Translational Relevance We found that the differences in RNFL thickness distribution and sex between non-glaucoma cynomolgus monkey colonies and humans should be thoroughly taken into account in laboratory animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science (AIMS), Zhengzhou, China
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruyue Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sirui Zhu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kezhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Lin
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Tian
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijie Pan
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou Huazhen Biosciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chiwai Wong
- Guangzhou Huazhen Biosciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - for the Non-Human Primate Eye Study Group
- Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science (AIMS), Zhengzhou, China
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou Huazhen Biosciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Guangzhou Huazhen Biosciences, Guangzhou, China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, China
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Zhang Y, Ye G, Chen K, Huang S, Xie R, Chen J, Liu W, Wang Z, Luo R, Zhan J, Zhuo Y, Li Y, Zhu Y. Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Parameters and Their Associated Factors in Cynomolgus Macaques. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:14. [PMID: 39250121 PMCID: PMC11385879 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.11.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to define the normal range of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL), and macular inner plexiform layer (mIPL) thickness in cynomolgus macaques, and explore their inter-relationship and correlation with age, refractive errors, and axial length (AL). Methods In this cross-sectional study, we measured biometric and refractive parameters, and pRNFL/mGCL/mIPL thickness in 357 healthy cynomolgus macaques. Monkeys were divided into groups by age and spherical equivalent (SE). Correlation and regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between pRNFL and mGCL/mIPL thickness, and their correlation with the above parameters. Results The mean age, SE, and AL were 14.46 ± 6.70 years, -0.96 ± 3.23 diopters (D), and 18.39 ± 1.02 mm, respectively. The mean global pRNFL thickness was 95.06 ± 9.42 µm (range = 54-116 µm), with highest values in the inferior quadrant, followed by the superior, temporal, and nasal quadrants (P < 0.001). Temporal pRNFL thickness correlated positively with age (r = 0.218, P < 0.001) and AL (r = 0.364, P < 0.001), and negatively with SE (r = -0.270, P < 0.001). In other quadrants, pRNFL thickness correlated negatively with age and AL, but positively with SE. In the multivariable linear regression model, adjusted for sex and AL, age (β = -0.350, P < 0.001), and SE (β = 0.206, P < 0.001) showed significant associations with global pRNFL thickness. After adjusting for age, sex, SE, and AL, pRNFL thickness positively correlated with mGCL (β = 0.433, P < 0.001) and mIPL thickness (β = 0.465, P < 0.001). Conclusions The pRNFL/mGCL/mIPL thickness distribution and relationship with age, AL, and SE in cynomolgus macaques were highly comparable to those in humans, suggesting that cynomolgus monkeys are valuable animal models in ophthalmic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guitong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kezhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaofen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Huazhen Biosciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ruiyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinan Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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Gutiérrez-Ezquerro R, Salinas Martínez EM, Vidal-Oliver L, Izquierdo-Escámez R, Belda JI. The Thickness of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) as a Biomarker in Uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024; 32:1243-1249. [PMID: 37348069 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2220787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To study the changes of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness during and following uveitis flares. METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients with uveitis diagnosed in the ophthalmology service of Torrevieja hospital. We analyzed RNFL thickness during and after the acute episode. RESULTS We included 29 patients. Most patients (55.2%) had anterior uveitis; followed by posterior, intermediate and panuveitis. Mean RNFL thickness was significantly higher during the flare (132.17±35.54μm vs 107.66±17.10μm). RNFL thickness had no difference between groups with or without macular edema. CONCLUSIONS The RNFL thickens during flares in most patients with uveitis. It can be measured by optical coherence tomography in a non-invasive way, representing an objective marker of inflammation. This can favor earlier detection of flares, resolution, and recurrence of uveitis. More studies are needed to determine the evolution of RNFL over time and in different types of uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gutiérrez-Ezquerro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Torrevieja University Hospital, Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eva M Salinas Martínez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Torrevieja University Hospital, Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain
| | - L Vidal-Oliver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Torrevieja University Hospital, Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, FISABIO Oftalmología Médica, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Izquierdo-Escámez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Torrevieja University Hospital, Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose I Belda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Torrevieja University Hospital, Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain
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Funes-Pérez E, Fernández-Hernández R, Rustullet-Olivé M, Mendieta-Rasos N, Saint-Gerons M, Matheu-Fabra A. Ocular axial length influence on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurement with optical coherence tomography. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2023:S2173-5794(23)00112-3. [PMID: 37369323 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2023.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows the measurement of the peripapillary optic nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. The effect of ocular axial length (AL) on RNFL thickness measurement may be relevant in the interpretation of OCT results in diagnosing optic nerve diseases. PURPOSE To assess the influence of ocular AL on RNFL thickness and on optic disc topographic parameters (optic disc area, rim area and cup volume) measured by OCT, in healthy individuals. METHODS A sample of 109 healthy eyes classified into 3 groups according to AL (A: AL<22 mm; B: AL 22-24.5 mm; C: AL > 24.5 mm) was studied. RNFL thickness and optic disc topographic parameters were measured using Swept-Source OCT Triton (Topcon) and were compared between groups using a variance analysis. Correlation between the AL and the study variables was performed using a Pearson's correlation coefficient test. RESULTS The RNFL thickness was lower in eyes with higher AL in the superior (r=-0.41; p < 0.001), inferior (r = 0.58; p < 0.001) and nasal (r=-0.43; p < 0.001) quadrants, in the mean value of the RNFL (r=-0.49; p < 0.001), optic disc area (r=-0.40; p < 0.001) and rim area (r= -0.25; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS AL is negatively correlated with RNFL thickness and optic disc topographic parameters measured by Swept-Source OCT Triton (Topcon).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Funes-Pérez
- Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de la Vida, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Fernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital de la Esperanza, Consorci Hospitalari Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Rustullet-Olivé
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital de la Esperanza, Consorci Hospitalari Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Mendieta-Rasos
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital de la Esperanza, Consorci Hospitalari Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Saint-Gerons
- Departamento de Neurooftalmología, Hospital de la Esperanza, Consorci Hospitalari Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Matheu-Fabra
- Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de la Vida, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurooftalmología, Hospital de la Esperanza, Consorci Hospitalari Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang F, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang Q, Zheng M, Chang F, Mao X. Characteristics of the optic disc in young people with high myopia. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:477. [PMID: 36482327 PMCID: PMC9730557 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the optic disc in adolescents and young adults with high myopia by applying optical coherence tomography angiography. METHODS A total of 112 patients with high myopia (spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ -6.00 D) aged 12 to 30 years old were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Parapapillary atrophy (PPA) and ovality index from scanning laser ophthalmoscopy images and the degree of optic disc tilt from the optic nerve head (ONH) OCT B-scans were analysed using ImageJ and MATLAB software. Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (pRNFLT) and radial peripapillary capillary vessel density (RPC VD) around the optic disc were obtained from the images of the optic disc angiography scan. RESULTS In young high myopia patients, the PPA area was positively correlated with age, axial length (AL) and pRNFLT (all p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with SER (r = -0.222, p = 0.020). The degree of the optic disc tilt was associated with increasing AL and pRNFLT (all p < 0.05). The disc area was positively correlated with AL, pRNFLT, and RPC VD (all p < 0.05). In the multivariate regression analysis, PPA area was independently associated with the degree of optic disc tilt and disc area. The degree of optic disc tilt was affected by AL and PPA area while the change of disc area was influenced by PPA area and pRNFLT (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In young patients with high myopia, PPA area, the degree of optic disc tilt and disc area increased with AL and pRNFLT, while decreased with SER. The association between these factors was slightly different in the adolescent and young adult groups. The degree of the optic disc tilt was more associated with AL and SER in the adolescent group while disc area showed more correlated with AL and SER in the young adult group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000 Wenzhou, Zhejiang China ,grid.417279.eDepartment of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of the Central Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army of China, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xinting Liu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000 Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Yanli Wang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000 Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Qian Wang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000 Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Miaoran Zheng
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000 Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Feng Chang
- grid.417279.eDepartment of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of the Central Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army of China, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xinjie Mao
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000 Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
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Dyer KIC, Sanfilippo PG, Yazar S, Craig JE, Hewitt AW, Newnham JP, Mackey DA, Lee SSY. The Relationship Between Fetal Growth and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in a Cohort of Young Adults. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:8. [PMID: 35819290 PMCID: PMC9287618 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.7.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore relationships between patterns of fetal anthropometric growth, as reflective of fetal wellbeing, and global retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured in young adulthood. Methods Participants (n = 481) from within a Western Australian pregnancy cohort study underwent five serial ultrasound scans during gestation, with fetal biometry measured at each scan. Optic disc parameters were measured via spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging at a 20-year follow-up eye examination. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate differences in global RNFL thickness between groups of participants who had undergone similar growth trajectories based on fetal head circumference (FHC), abdominal circumference (FAC), femur length (FFL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Results Participants with consistently large FHCs throughout gestation had significantly thicker global RNFLs than those with any other pattern of FHC growth (P = 0.023), even after adjustment for potential confounders (P = 0.037). Based on model fit statistics, FHC growth trajectory was a better predictor of global RNFL thickness than birth weight or head circumference at birth. RNFL thickness did not vary significantly between groups of participants with different growth trajectories based on FAC, FFL, or EFW. Conclusions FHC growth is associated with RNFL thickness in young adulthood and, moreover, is a better predictor than either birth weight or head circumference at birth. Translational Relevance This research demonstrates an association between intrauterine growth and long-term optic nerve health, providing a basis for further exploring the extent of the influence of fetal wellbeing on clinical conditions linked to RNFL thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen I C Dyer
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Paul G Sanfilippo
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Single Cell and Computational Genomics Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Eye and Vision, Flinders Health and Medical Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - John P Newnham
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Samantha S Y Lee
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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Lee SSY, Mackey DA. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Myopia in Young Adults: Review of Findings From the Raine Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:861044. [PMID: 35570945 PMCID: PMC9092372 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.861044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia tends to develop and progress fastest during childhood, and the age of stabilization has been reported to be 15-16 years old. Thus, most studies on myopia have centered on children. Data on the refractive error profile in young adulthood - a time in life when myopia is thought to have stabilized and refractive error is unaffected by age-related pathology such as cataract - are limited. The Raine Study has been following a community-based cohort of young adults representative of the general Western Australia population since their prenatal periods in 1989-1991, with eye examinations performed when participants were 20 and 28 years old. At 20 years old, prevalence of myopia in the cohort was 25.8%. Using long-term trajectory of serum vitamin D levels and conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) area to objectively quantify sun exposure, the Raine Study confirmed a negative relationship between time spent outdoors and myopia prevalence. However, prospective studies are required to determine the amount of CUVAF area or serum vitamin D levels associated with time duration. Combining data from the Raine Study and several other cohorts, Mendelian randomization studies have confirmed a link between myopia and a genetic predisposition toward higher education. Several novel potential associations of myopia or ocular biometry were investigated, including fetal growth trajectory, which was found to be significantly associated with corneal curvature at 20 years. By age 28, myopia prevalence had increased to 33.2%. Between 20 and 28 years old, myopia progressed and axial length elongated, on average, by -0.041D/year and 0.02 mm/year, respectively. Smaller CUVAF area at follow-up, female sex, and parental myopia were significant risk factors for myopia incidence and progression between 20 and 28 years. Given the limited research in young adults, further investigations are warranted to confirm the Raine Study findings, as well as identify novel genetic or environmental factors of myopia incidence and progression in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sze-Yee Lee
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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