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Feng YYF, Li YC, Liu HM, Xu R, Liu YT, Zhang W, Yang HY, Chen G. Synthetic lethal CRISPR screen identifies a cancer cell-intrinsic role of PD-L1 in regulation of vulnerability to ferroptosis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114477. [PMID: 38985676 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibition in tumor therapy, many patients do not benefit. This failure may be attributed to the intrinsic functions of PD-L1. We perform a genome-wide CRISPR synthetic lethality screen to systematically explore the intrinsic functions of PD-L1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells, identifying ferroptosis-related genes as essential for the viability of PD-L1-deficient cells. Genetic and pharmacological induction of ferroptosis accelerates cell death in PD-L1 knockout cells, which are also more susceptible to immunogenic ferroptosis. Mechanistically, nuclear PD-L1 transcriptionally activates SOD2 to maintain redox homeostasis. Lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferroptosis are observed in patients with HNSCC who have higher PD-L1 expression. Our study illustrates that PD-L1 confers ferroptosis resistance in HNSCC cells by activating the SOD2-mediated antioxidant pathway, suggesting that targeting the intrinsic functions of PD-L1 could enhance therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ying-Fan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yi-Cun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Guangdong 518036, China; Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty, Guangdong 518036, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Guangdong 518036, China; The Institute of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong 518036, China
| | - Hai-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yu-Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Hong-Yu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Guangdong 518036, China; Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty, Guangdong 518036, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Guangdong 518036, China; The Institute of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong 518036, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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2
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Hodgins JJ, Abou-Hamad J, O’Dwyer CE, Hagerman A, Yakubovich E, Tanese de Souza C, Marotel M, Buchler A, Fadel S, Park MM, Fong-McMaster C, Crupi MF, Makinson OJ, Kurdieh R, Rezaei R, Dhillon HS, Ilkow CS, Bell JC, Harper ME, Rotstein BH, Auer RC, Vanderhyden BC, Sabourin LA, Bourgeois-Daigneault MC, Cook DP, Ardolino M. PD-L1 promotes oncolytic virus infection via a metabolic shift that inhibits the type I IFN pathway. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20221721. [PMID: 38869480 PMCID: PMC11176258 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
While conventional wisdom initially postulated that PD-L1 serves as the inert ligand for PD-1, an emerging body of literature suggests that PD-L1 has cell-intrinsic functions in immune and cancer cells. In line with these studies, here we show that engagement of PD-L1 via cellular ligands or agonistic antibodies, including those used in the clinic, potently inhibits the type I interferon pathway in cancer cells. Hampered type I interferon responses in PD-L1-expressing cancer cells resulted in enhanced efficacy of oncolytic viruses in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, PD-L1 expression marked tumor explants from cancer patients that were best infected by oncolytic viruses. Mechanistically, PD-L1 promoted a metabolic shift characterized by enhanced glycolysis rate that resulted in increased lactate production. In turn, lactate inhibited type I IFN responses. In addition to adding mechanistic insight into PD-L1 intrinsic function, our results will also help guide the numerous ongoing efforts to combine PD-L1 antibodies with oncolytic virotherapy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Hodgins
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - John Abou-Hamad
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Colin Edward O’Dwyer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ash Hagerman
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Edward Yakubovich
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Marie Marotel
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ariel Buchler
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Saleh Fadel
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Maria M. Park
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Claire Fong-McMaster
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Institute for Systems Biology, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mathieu F. Crupi
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Olivia Joan Makinson
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Reem Kurdieh
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Reza Rezaei
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Harkirat Singh Dhillon
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Carolina S. Ilkow
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - John C. Bell
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Institute for Systems Biology, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Benjamin H. Rotstein
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rebecca C. Auer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Barbara C. Vanderhyden
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Luc A. Sabourin
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Bourgeois-Daigneault
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal Research Centre, Cancer and Immunopathology axes, Montreal, Canada
| | - David P. Cook
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michele Ardolino
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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3
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Jeong H, Koh J, Kim S, Song SG, Lee SH, Jeon Y, Lee CH, Keam B, Lee SH, Chung DH, Jeon YK. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 signaling predicts a poor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in PD-L1-high lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:23-36. [PMID: 38729997 PMCID: PMC11231337 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the role of tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 signaling in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the role of EMT as a predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. METHODS PD-L1-overexpressing or PD-L1-knockdown NSCLC cells underwent RNA-seq and EMT phenotype assessment. Mouse lung cancer LLC cells were injected into nude mice. Two cohorts of patients with NSCLC undergoing ICI therapy were analyzed. RESULTS RNA-seq showed that EMT pathways were enriched in PD-L1-high NSCLC cells. EMT was enhanced by PD-L1 in NSCLC cells, which was mediated by transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). PD-L1 promoted the activation of p38-MAPK by binding to and inhibiting the protein phosphatase PPM1B, thereby increasing the TGFβ production. Tumor growth and metastasis increased in nude mice injected with PD-L1-overexpressing LLC cells. In the ICI cohort, EMT signature was higher in patients with progressive disease than in those with responses, and EMT was significantly associated with poor survival in PD-L1-high NSCLC. In PD-L1-high NSCLC, EMT was associated with increased M2-macrophage and regulatory T-cell infiltrations and decreased cytotoxic T-cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 function contributes to NSCLC progression by promoting EMT. EMT may predict an unfavorable outcome after ICI therapy in PD-L1-high NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyein Jeong
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdiscipilinary Program of Cancer Biology, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehui Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Geun Song
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Jeon
- Interdiscipilinary Program of Cancer Biology, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hwan Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Interdiscipilinary Program of Cancer Biology, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Terasaki A, Ahmed F, Okuno A, Peng Z, Cao DY, Saito S. Neutrophils Expressing Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Play an Indispensable Role in Effective Bacterial Elimination and Resolving Inflammation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Pathogens 2024; 13:401. [PMID: 38787253 PMCID: PMC11124513 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a co-inhibitory molecule expressed on the surface of various cell types and known for its suppressive effect on T cells through its interaction with PD-1. Neutrophils also express PD-L1, and its expression is elevated in specific situations; however, the immunobiological role of PD-L1+ neutrophils has not been fully characterized. Here, we report that PD-L1-expressing neutrophils increased in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection are highly functional in bacterial elimination and supporting inflammatory resolution. The frequency of PD-L1+ neutrophils was dramatically increased in MRSA-infected mice, and this population exhibited enhanced activity in bacterial elimination compared to PD-L1- neutrophils. The administration of PD-L1 monoclonal antibody did not impair PD-L1+ neutrophil function, suggesting that PD-L1 expression itself does not influence neutrophil activity. However, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade significantly delayed liver inflammation resolution in MRSA-infected mice, as indicated by their increased plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and frequencies of inflammatory leukocytes in the liver, implying that neutrophil PD-L1 suppresses the inflammatory response of these cells during the acute phase of MRSA infection. Our results reveal that elevated PD-L1 expression can be a marker for the enhanced anti-bacterial function of neutrophils. Moreover, PD-L1+ neutrophils are an indispensable population attenuating inflammatory leukocyte activities, assisting in a smooth transition into the resolution phase in MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Terasaki
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Endocrine Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan;
| | - Faizan Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Alato Okuno
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Design, Shibata Gakuen University, Aomori 0368530, Japan;
| | - Zhenzi Peng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China;
| | - Duo-Yao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Suguru Saito
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 3290431, Japan
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5
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He Y, Zhu M, Lai X, Zhang H, Jiang W. The roles of PD-L1 in the various stages of tumor metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10189-4. [PMID: 38733457 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between tumor programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and T-cell programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) has long been acknowledged as a mechanism for evading immune surveillance. Recent studies, however, have unveiled a more nuanced role of tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 in reprograming tumoral phenotypes. Preclinical models emphasize the synchronized effects of both intracellular and extracellular PD-L1 in promoting metastasis, with intricate interactions with the immune system. This review aims to summarize recent findings to elucidate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression and the pro-metastatic roles of PD-L1 in the entire process of tumor metastasis. For example, PD-L1 regulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, facilitates the survival of circulating tumor cells, and induces the formation of immunosuppressive environments at pre-metastatic niches and metastatic sites. And the complexed and dynamic regulation process of PD-L1 for tumor metastasis is related to the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression and functions from tumor primary sites to various metastatic sites. This review extends the current understandings for the roles of PD-L1 in mediating tumor metastasis and provides new insights into therapeutic decisions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjun He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xuan Lai
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Weiqin Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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6
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Cordani M, Strippoli R, Trionfetti F, Barzegar Behrooz A, Rumio C, Velasco G, Ghavami S, Marcucci F. Immune checkpoints between epithelial-mesenchymal transition and autophagy: A conflicting triangle. Cancer Lett 2024; 585:216661. [PMID: 38309613 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Inhibitory immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules are pivotal in inhibiting innate and acquired antitumor immune responses, a mechanism frequently exploited by cancer cells to evade host immunity. These evasion strategies contribute to the complexity of cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. For this reason, ICP molecules have become targets for antitumor drugs, particularly monoclonal antibodies, collectively referred to as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), that counteract such cancer-associated immune suppression and restore antitumor immune responses. Over the last decade, however, it has become clear that tumor cell-associated ICPs can also induce tumor cell-intrinsic effects, in particular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy). Both of these processes have profound implications for cancer metastasis and drug responsiveness. This article reviews the positive or negative cross-talk that tumor cell-associated ICPs undergo with autophagy and EMT. We discuss that tumor cell-associated ICPs are upregulated in response to the same stimuli that induce EMT. Moreover, ICPs themselves, when overexpressed, become an EMT-inducing stimulus. As regards the cross-talk with autophagy, ICPs have been shown to either stimulate or inhibit autophagy, while autophagy itself can either up- or downregulate the expression of ICPs. This dynamic equilibrium also extends to the autophagy-apoptosis axis, further emphasizing the complexities of cellular responses. Eventually, we delve into the intricate balance between autophagy and apoptosis, elucidating its role in the broader interplay of cellular dynamics influenced by ICPs. In the final part of this article, we speculate about the driving forces underlying the contradictory outcomes of the reciprocal, inhibitory, or stimulatory effects between ICPs, EMT, and autophagy. A conclusive identification of these driving forces may allow to achieve improved antitumor effects when using combinations of ICIs and compounds acting on EMT and/or autophagy. Prospectively, this may translate into increased and/or broadened therapeutic efficacy compared to what is currently achieved with ICI-based clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L., Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Trionfetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L., Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Cristiano Rumio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Guillermo Velasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Fabrizio Marcucci
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy.
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7
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Conner SJ, Guarin JR, Le TT, Fatherree JP, Kelley C, Payne SL, Parker SR, Bloomer H, Zhang C, Salhany K, McGinn RA, Henrich E, Yui A, Srinivasan D, Borges H, Oudin MJ. Cell morphology best predicts tumorigenicity and metastasis in vivo across multiple TNBC cell lines of different metastatic potential. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:43. [PMID: 38468326 PMCID: PMC10929179 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients. For metastasis to occur, tumor cells must invade locally, intravasate, and colonize distant tissues and organs, all steps that require tumor cell migration. The majority of studies on invasion and metastasis rely on human breast cancer cell lines. While it is known that these cells have different properties and abilities for growth and metastasis, the in vitro morphological, proliferative, migratory, and invasive behavior of these cell lines and their correlation to in vivo behavior is poorly understood. Thus, we sought to classify each cell line as poorly or highly metastatic by characterizing tumor growth and metastasis in a murine model of six commonly used human triple-negative breast cancer xenografts, as well as determine which in vitro assays commonly used to study cell motility best predict in vivo metastasis. METHODS We evaluated the liver and lung metastasis of human TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, BT549, Hs578T, BT20, and SUM159 in immunocompromised mice. We characterized each cell line's cell morphology, proliferation, and motility in 2D and 3D to determine the variation in these parameters between cell lines. RESULTS We identified MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and BT549 cells as highly tumorigenic and metastatic, Hs578T as poorly tumorigenic and metastatic, BT20 as intermediate tumorigenic with poor metastasis to the lungs but highly metastatic to the livers, and SUM159 as intermediate tumorigenic but poorly metastatic to the lungs and livers. We showed that metrics that characterize cell morphology are the most predictive of tumor growth and metastatic potential to the lungs and liver. Further, we found that no single in vitro motility assay in 2D or 3D significantly correlated with metastasis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide an important resource for the TNBC research community, identifying the metastatic potential of 6 commonly used cell lines. Our findings also support the use of cell morphological analysis to investigate the metastatic potential and emphasize the need for multiple in vitro motility metrics using multiple cell lines to represent the heterogeneity of metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney J Conner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Justinne R Guarin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Thanh T Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jackson P Fatherree
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Charlotte Kelley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Samantha L Payne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Savannah R Parker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Hanan Bloomer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Crystal Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Kenneth Salhany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Rachel A McGinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Emily Henrich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Anna Yui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Deepti Srinivasan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Hannah Borges
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Madeleine J Oudin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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8
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Jiang H, Zhou Y, Zheng D, Cheng Y, Xiang D, Jiang L, Du J. Using anti-PD-L1 antibody conjugated gold nanoshelled poly (Lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanocapsules loaded with doxorubicin: A theranostic agent for ultrasound imaging and photothermal/chemo combination therapy of triple negative breast cancer. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:402-420. [PMID: 37941485 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis of all breast cancers, and it is difficult to progress through traditional chemotherapy. Therefore, the treatment of TNBC urgently requires agents with effective diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. In this study, we obtained programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody conjugated gold nanoshelled poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanocapsules (NCs) encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) (DOX@PLGA@Au-PD-L1 NCs). PLGA NCs encapsulating DOX were prepared by a modified single-emulsion oil-in-water (O/W) solvent evaporation method, and gold nanoshells were formed on the surface by gold seed growth method, which were coupled with PD-L1 antibodies by carbodiimide method. The fabricated DOX@PLGA@Au-PD-L1 NCs exhibited promising contrast enhancement in vitro ultrasound imaging. Furthermore, DOX encapsulated in NCs displayed good pH-responsive and photo-triggered drug release properties. After irradiating 200 μg/mL NCs solution with a laser for 10 min, the solution temperature increased by nearly 23°C, indicating that the NCs had good photothermal conversion ability. The targeting experiments confirmed that the NCs had specific target binding ability to TNBC cells overexpressing PD-L1 molecules. Cell experiments exhibited that the agent significantly reduced the survival rate of TNBC cells through photochemotherapy combination therapy. As a multifunctional diagnostic agent, DOX@PLGA@Au-PD-L1 NCs could be used for ultrasound targeted contrast imaging and photochemotherapy combination therapy of TNBC cells, providing a promising idea for early diagnosis and treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhabei Central Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yexiazi Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dacheng Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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9
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Wang K, Zhang X, Cheng Y, Qi Z, Ye K, Zhang K, Jiang S, Liu Y, Xiao Y, Wang T. Discovery of Novel PD-L1 Inhibitors That Induce the Dimerization, Internalization, and Degradation of PD-L1 Based on the Fragment Coupling Strategy. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16807-16827. [PMID: 38109261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells can evade immune surveillance through overexpressing programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to interact with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). Besides, tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 is involved in tumor progression without interaction with PD-1, which provides more challenges for the discovery of PD-L1 inhibitors. Herein, we report the discovery of novel PD-L1 inhibitors using the fragment coupling strategy. Among them, B9 was found to inhibit the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction with the best IC50 value of 1.8 ± 0.7 nM. Beyond the blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, B9 promotes the dimerization, internalization, and degradation of PD-L1. Furthermore, B9 displayed high in vivo antitumor efficacy in the CT26 mouse model and activated the immune microenvironment and induced PD-L1 degradation of PD-L1 in the tumor. These results show that B9 is a promising lead PD-L1 inhibitor through the blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and functional inhibition of the PD-L1 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhihao Qi
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ke Ye
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kuojun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yibei Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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10
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Wang C, Xu YH, Xu HZ, Li K, Zhang Q, Shi L, Zhao L, Chen X. PD-L1 blockade TAM-dependently potentiates mild photothermal therapy against triple-negative breast cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:476. [PMID: 38082443 PMCID: PMC10712197 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work was an endeavor to shed light on how mild photothermia possibly synergizes with immune checkpoint inhibition for tumor therapy. We established mild photothermal heating protocols to generate temperatures of 43 °C and 45 °C in both in vitro and in vivo mouse 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models using polyglycerol-coated carbon nanohorns (CNH-PG) and 808 nm laser irradiation. Next, we found that 1) CNH-PG-mediated mild photothermia (CNH-PG-mPT) significantly increased expression of the immune checkpoint PD-L1 and type-1 macrophage (M1) markers in the TNBC tumors; 2) CNH-PG-mPT had a lower level of anti-tumor efficacy which was markedly potentiated by BMS-1, a PD-L1 blocker. These observations prompted us to explore the synergetic mechanisms of CNH-PG-mPT and BMS-1 in the context of tumor cell-macrophage interactions mediated by PD-L1 since tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major source of PD-L1 expression in tumors. In vitro, the study then identified two dimensions where BMS-1 potentiated CNH-PG-mPT. First, CNH-PG-mPT induced PD-L1 upregulation in the tumor cells and showed a low level of cytotoxicity which was potentiated by BMS-1. Second, CNH-PG-mPT skewed TAMs towards an M1-like anti-tumor phenotype with upregulated PD-L1, and BMS-1 bolstered the M1-like phenotype. The synergistic effects of BMS-1 and CNH-PG-mPT both on the tumor cells and TAMs were more pronounced when the two cell populations were in co-culture. Further in vivo study confirmed PD-L1 upregulation both in tumor cells and TAMs in the TNBC tumors following treatment of CNH-PG-mPT. Significantly, TAMs depletion largely abolished the anti-TNBC efficacy of CNH-PG-mPT alone and in synergy with BMS-1. Collectively, our findings reveal PD-L1 upregulation to be a key response of TNBC to mild photothermal stress, which plays a pro-survival role in the tumor cells while also acting as a brake on the M1-like activation of the TAMs. Blockade of mPT‑induced PD‑L1 achieves synergistic anti-TNBC efficacy by taking the intrinsic survival edge off the tumor cells on one hand and taking the brakes off the M1-like TAMs on the other. Our findings reveal a novel way (i.e. mild thermia plus PD-L1 blockade) to modulate the TAMs-tumor cell interaction to instigate a mutiny of the TAMs against their host tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No. 185, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Grand Pharma (China) Co., Ltd, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Hong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Ophthalmological Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hua-Zhen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No. 185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ke Li
- Center for Lab Teaching, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No. 185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No. 185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Grand Pharma (China) Co., Ltd, Hubei, China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No. 185, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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11
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Zhang L, Zhao X, Niu Y, Ma X, Yuan W, Ma J. Engineering high-affinity dual targeting cellular nanovesicles for optimised cancer immunotherapy. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12379. [PMID: 37974395 PMCID: PMC10654473 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual targeting to immune checkpoints has achieved a better therapeutic efficacy than single targeting due to synergistic extrication of tumour immunity. However, most dual targeting strategies are usually antibody dependent which facing drawbacks of antibodies, such as poor solid tumour penetration and unsatisfied affinity. To meet the challenges, we engineered a cell membrane displaying a fusion protein composed of SIRPα and PD-1 variants, the high-affinity consensus (HAC) of wild-type molecules, and with which prepared nanovesicles (NVs). Through disabling both SIRPα/CD47 and PD-1/PD-L1 signalling, HAC NVs significantly preserved the phagocytosis and antitumour effect of macrophages and T cells, respectively. In vivo study revealed that HAC NVs had better tumour penetration than monoclonal antibodies and higher binding affinity to CD47 and PD-L1 on tumour cells compared with the NVs expressing wild-type fusion protein. Exhilaratingly, dual-blockade of CD47 and PD-L1 with HAC NVs exhibited excellent therapeutic efficacy and biosafety. This study provided a novel biomaterial against tumoural immune escape and more importantly an attractive biomimetic technology of protein delivery for multi-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhang
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yanan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoya Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Wei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jie Ma
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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12
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Zhao R, Chen S, Cui W, Xie C, Zhang A, Yang L, Dong H. PTPN1 is a prognostic biomarker related to cancer immunity and drug sensitivity: from pan-cancer analysis to validation in breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1232047. [PMID: 37936713 PMCID: PMC10626546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1232047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 (PTPN1), a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily, has been identified as an oncogene and therapeutic target in various cancers. However, its precise role in determining the prognosis of human cancer and immunological responses remains elusive. This study investigated the relationship between PTPN1 expression and clinical outcomes, immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity in human cancers, which will improve understanding regarding its prognostic value and immunological role in pan-cancer. Methods The PTPN1 expression profile was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia databases. Kaplan-Meier, univariate Cox regression, and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were utilized to clarify the relationship between PTPN1 expression and the prognosis of pan-cancer patients. The relationships between PTPN1 expression and the presence of tumor-infiltrated immune cells were analyzed using Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumor tissues using Expression data and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to examine the effects of PTPN1 level on the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to paclitaxel. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used to investigate the relationship between PTPN1 expression, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint gene expression in human breast cancer tissues and a mouse xenograft model. Results The pan-cancer analysis revealed that PTPN1 was frequently up-regulated in various cancers. High PTPN1 expression was associated with poor prognosis in most cancers. Furthermore, PTPN1 expression correlated highly with the presence of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and the expression of immune checkpoint pathway marker genes in different cancers. Furthermore, PTPN1 significantly predicted the prognosis for patients undergoing immunotherapy. The results of the CCK-8 viability assay revealed that PTPN1 knockdown increased the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells to paclitaxel. Finally, our results demonstrated that PTPN1 was associated with immune infiltration and immune checkpoint gene expression in breast cancer. Conclusion PTPN1 was overexpressed in multiple cancer types and correlated with the clinical outcome and tumor immunity, suggesting it could be a valuable potential prognostic and immunological biomarker for pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuanglong Chen
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiheng Cui
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyu Xie
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Suichuan County Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jian, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nancheng County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Dong
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Erlichman N, Meshel T, Baram T, Abu Raiya A, Horvitz T, Ben-Yaakov H, Ben-Baruch A. The Cell-Autonomous Pro-Metastatic Activities of PD-L1 in Breast Cancer Are Regulated by N-Linked Glycosylation-Dependent Activation of STAT3 and STAT1. Cells 2023; 12:2338. [PMID: 37830552 PMCID: PMC10571791 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-L1 has been characterized as an inhibitory immune checkpoint, leading to the suppression of potential anti-tumor immune activities in many cancer types. In view of the relatively limited efficacy of immune checkpoint blockades against PD-L1 in breast cancer, our recent study addressed the possibility that in addition to its immune-inhibitory functions, PD-L1 promotes the pro-metastatic potential of the cancer cells themselves. Indeed, our published findings demonstrated that PD-L1 promoted pro-metastatic functions of breast cancer cells in a cell-autonomous manner, both in vitro and in vivo. These functions fully depended on the integrity of the S283 intracellular residue of PD-L1. Here, using siRNAs and the S283A-PD-L1 variant, we demonstrate that the cell-autonomous pro-metastatic functions of PD-L1-tumor cell proliferation and invasion, and release of the pro-metastatic chemokine CXCL8-required the activation of STAT3 and STAT1 in luminal A and triple-negative breast cancer cells. The cell-autonomous pro-metastatic functions of PD-L1 were potently impaired upon inhibition of N-linked glycosylation (kifunensine). Site-specific mutants at each of the N-linked glycosylation sites of PD-L1 (N35, N192, N200, and N219) revealed that they were all required for PD-L1-induced pro-metastatic functions to occur; the N219 site was the main regulator of STAT3 and STAT1 activation, with accompanying roles for N192 and N200 (depending on the cell type). Using a T cell-independent mouse system, we found that cells expressing N35A-PD-L1 and N219A-PD-L1 had a significantly lower tumorigenic and metastatic potential than cells expressing WT-PD-L1. TCGA analyses revealed significant associations between reduced survival and high levels of α-mannosidase II (inferring on N-linked glycosylation) in breast cancer patients. These findings suggest that N-linked glycosylation of PD-L1 may be used to screen for patients who are at greater risk of disease progression, and that modalities targeting N-linked glycosylated PD-L1 may lead to the inhibition of its cell-autonomous pro-metastatic functions and to lower tumor progression in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (N.E.); (T.M.); (T.B.); (A.A.R.); (T.H.); (H.B.-Y.)
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14
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Dai YW, Wang WM, Zhou X. Development of a CD8 + T cell-based molecular classification for predicting prognosis and heterogeneity in triple-negative breast cancer by integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19798. [PMID: 37810147 PMCID: PMC10559128 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), although the most intractable subtype, is characterized by abundant immunogenicity, which enhances responsiveness to immunotherapeutic measures. Methods First, we identified CD8+ T cell core genes (TRCG) based on single-cell sequence and traditional transcriptome sequencing and then used this data to develop a first-of-its-kind classification system based on CD8+ T cells in patients with TNBC. Next, TRCG-related patterns were systematically analyzed, and their correlation with genomic features, immune activity (microenvironment associated with immune infiltration), and clinicopathological characteristics were assessed in the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC), the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GSE103091, GSE96058 databases. Additionally, a CD8+ T cell-related prognostic signature (TRPS) was developed to quantify a patient-specific TRCG pattern. What's more, the genes-related TRPS was validated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiment. Results This study, for the first time, distinguished two subsets in patients with TNBC based on the TRCG. The immune microenvironment and prognostic stratification between these have distinct heterogeneity. Furthermore, this study constructed a novel scoring system named TRPS, which we show to be a robust prognostic marker for TNBC that is related to the intensity of immune infiltration and immunotherapy. Moreover, the levels of genes related the TRPS were validated by quantitative Real-Time PCR. Conclusions Consequently, this study unraveled an association between the TRCG and the tumor microenvironment in TNBC. TRPS model represents an effective tool for survival prediction and treatment guidance in TNBC that can also help identify individual variations in TME and stratify patients who are sensitive to anticancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-wei Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Wei-ming Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
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15
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Zhang YC, Zhang YT, Wang Y, Zhao Y, He LJ. What role does PDL1 play in EMT changes in tumors and fibrosis? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1226038. [PMID: 37649487 PMCID: PMC10463740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1226038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) plays a pivotal role in embryonic development, tissue fibrosis, repair, and tumor invasiveness. Emerging studies have highlighted the close association between EMT and immune checkpoint molecules, particularly programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1). PDL1 exerts its influence on EMT through bidirectional regulation. EMT-associated factors, such as YB1, enhance PDL1 expression by directly binding to its promoter. Conversely, PDL1 signaling triggers downstream pathways like PI3K/AKT and MAPK, promoting EMT and facilitating cancer cell migration and invasion. Targeting PDL1 holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for EMT-related diseases, including cancer and fibrosis. Indeed, PDL1 inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab, have shown promising results in clinical trials for various cancers. Recent research has also indicated their potential benefit in fibrosis treatment in reducing fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix deposition, thereby addressing fibrosis. In this review, we examine the multifaceted role of PDL1 in immunomodulation, growth, and fibrosis promotion. We discuss the challenges, mechanisms, and clinical observations related to PDL1, including the limitations of the PD1/PDL1 axis in treatment and PD1-independent intrinsic PDL1 signaling. Our study highlights the dynamic changes in PDL1 expression during the EMT process across various tumor types. Through interplay between PDL1 and EMT, we uncover co-directional alterations, regulatory pathways, and diverse changes resulting from PDL1 intervention in oncology. Additionally, our findings emphasize the dual role of PDL1 in promoting fibrosis and modulating immune responses across multiple diseases, with potential implications for therapeutic approaches. We particularly investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting PDL1 in type II EMT fibrosis: strike balance between fibrosis modulation and immune response regulation. This analysis provides valuable insights into the multifaceted functions of PDL1 and contributes to our understanding of its complex mechanisms and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Ting Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Jie He
- Department of Nephrology, Xi Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Shen CK, Huang BR, Charoensaensuk V, Yang LY, Tsai CF, Liu YS, Lu DY, Yeh WL, Lin C. Bradykinin B1 Receptor Affects Tumor-Associated Macrophage Activity and Glioblastoma Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1533. [PMID: 37627528 PMCID: PMC10451655 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin is a small active peptide and is considered an inflammatory mediator in several pathological conditions. Bradykinin exerts its effects by coupling to its receptors, including bradykinin B1 (B1R) and bradykinin B2. B1R has been implicated in the development of various cancers. Our previous study reported that B1R promoted glioblastoma (GBM) development by supporting the migration and invasion of GBM cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of B1R on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and GBM progression remain unknown. Accordingly, to explore the regulatory effects of B1R overexpression (OE) in GBM on tumor-associated immune cells and tumor progression, we constructed a B1R wild-type plasmid and developed a B1R OE model. The results reveal that B1R OE in GBM promoted the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1-cell adhesion molecules-in GBM. Moreover, B1R OE enhanced GBM cell migration ability and monocyte attachment. B1R also regulated the production of the protumorigenic cytokines and chemokines IL-6, IL-8, CXCL11, and CCL5 in GBM, which contributed to tumor progression. We additionally noted that B1R OE in GBM increased the expression of CD68 in TAMs. Furthermore, B1R OE reduced the level of reactive oxygen species in GBM cells by upregulating heme oxygenase-1, an endogenous antioxidant protein, thereby protecting GBM cells from oxidative stress. Notably, B1R OE upregulated the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 in both GBM cells and macrophages, thus providing resistance against T-cell response. B1R OE in GBM also promoted tumor growth and reduced survival rates in an intracranial xenograft mouse model. These results indicate that B1R expression in GBM promotes TAM activity and modulates GBM progression. Therefore, B1R could be an effective target for therapeutic methods in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Kai Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Bor-Ren Huang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan
| | - Vichuda Charoensaensuk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan (D.-Y.L.)
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Agnello L, d’Argenio A, Caliendo A, Nilo R, Zannetti A, Fedele M, Camorani S, Cerchia L. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 Overexpression Mediates Chemoresistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1809. [PMID: 37443843 PMCID: PMC10340747 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is among the most aggressive breast cancer subtypes. Despite being initially responsive to chemotherapy, patients develop drug-resistant and metastatic tumors. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) is a secreted protein with a tumor suppressor function due to its anti-proteolytic activity. Nevertheless, evidence indicates that TIMP-1 binds to the CD63 receptor and activates noncanonical oncogenic signaling in several cancers, but its role in mediating TNBC chemoresistance is still largely unexplored. Here, we show that mesenchymal-like TNBC cells express TIMP-1, whose levels are further increased in cells generated to be resistant to cisplatin (Cis-Pt-R) and doxorubicin (Dox-R). Moreover, public dataset analyses indicate that high TIMP-1 levels are associated with a worse prognosis in TNBC subjected to chemotherapy. Knock-down of TIMP-1 in both Cis-Pt-R and Dox-R cells reverses their resistance by inhibiting AKT activation. Consistently, TNBC cells exposed to recombinant TIMP-1 or TIMP-1-enriched media from chemoresistant cells, acquire resistance to both cisplatin and doxorubicin. Importantly, released TIMP-1 reassociates with plasma membrane by binding to CD63 and, in the absence of CD63 expression, TIMP-1-mediated chemoresistance is blocked. Thus, our results identify TIMP-1 as a new biomarker of TNBC chemoresistance and lay the groundwork for evaluating whether blockade of TIMP-1 signal is a viable treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Agnello
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (A.d.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (M.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Annachiara d’Argenio
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (A.d.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (M.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Alessandra Caliendo
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (A.d.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (M.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Roberto Nilo
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (A.d.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (M.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Antonella Zannetti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | - Monica Fedele
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (A.d.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (M.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Simona Camorani
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (A.d.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (M.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Laura Cerchia
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (A.d.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (M.F.); (S.C.)
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Blangero F, Robert M, Andraud T, Dumontet C, Vidal H, Eljaafari A. Contribution of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Obese Adipose Tissue to PD-L1 Over-Expression and Breast Cancer Progression through Pathogenic Th17 Cell Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112963. [PMID: 37296927 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a well-known risk factor for cancer. We have previously reported the role of adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells from obese individuals (ob-ASC) in the promotion of pathogenic Th17 cells and immune check point (ICP) upregulation. Thus, we postulated herein that this mechanism could contribute to breast cancer (BC) aggressiveness. METHODS Conditioning medium (CM) from mitogen-activated ob-ASC and immune cell co-cultures were added to two human breast cancer cell line (BCCL) cultures. Expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis markers, metalloproteinases, and PD-L1 (a major ICP) were measured at the mRNA and/or protein levels. BCCL migration was explored in wound healing assays. Anti-cytokine neutralizing antibodies (Ab) were added to co-cultures. RESULTS CM from ob-ASC/MNC co-cultures increased IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, VEGF-A, MMP-9, and PD-L1 expressions in both BCCLs and accelerated their migration. The use of Abs demonstrated differential effects for IL-17A and IFNγ on BCCL pro-inflammatory cytokine over-expression or PD-L1 upregulation, respectively, but potentiating effects on BCCL migration. Finally, co-cultures with ob-ASC, but not lean ASC, enhanced PD-L1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate increased inflammation and ICP markers and accelerated BCCL migration following the activation of pathogenic Th17 cells by ob-ASC, which could represent a new mechanism linking obesity with BC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Blangero
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 69310 Pïerre Bénite, France
| | - Maud Robert
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 69310 Pïerre Bénite, France
- Bariatric Surgery Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Andraud
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 69310 Pïerre Bénite, France
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Center of Research in Cancerology of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Berard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Hubert Vidal
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 69310 Pïerre Bénite, France
| | - Assia Eljaafari
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 69310 Pïerre Bénite, France
- Research Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
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Alkaabi D, Arafat K, Sulaiman S, Al-Azawi AM, Attoub S. PD-1 Independent Role of PD-L1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076420. [PMID: 37047395 PMCID: PMC10094894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast malignancy characterized by a high proliferative rate and metastatic potential leading to treatment failure, relapse, and poor prognosis. Therefore, efforts are continuously being devoted to understanding its biology and identifying new potential targets. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immunosuppressive protein that inactivates T cells by binding to the inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1). PD-L1 overexpression in cancer cells contributes to immune evasion and, subsequently, poor survival and prognosis in several cancers, including breast cancer. Apart from its inhibitory impact on T cells, this ligand is believed to have an intrinsic role in cancer cells. This study was performed to clarify the PD-1 independent role of PD-L1 in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells by knocking out the PD-L1 using three designs of CRISPR-Cas9 lentiviral particles. Our study revealed that PD-L1 knockout significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro and tumor growth in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model in vivo. PD-L1 knockout also decreased the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro. We have shown that PD-L1 knockout MDA-MB-231 cells have low levels of p-Akt and p-ERK in addition to some of their downstream proteins, c-Fos, c-Myc, p21, survivin, and COX-2. Furthermore, PD-L1 knockout significantly decreased the expression of Snail and RhoA. This study shows the intrinsic role of PD-L1 in TNBC independently of its binding to PD-1 receptors on T cells. It may pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies using PD-L1 inhibitors alone and in combination to treat TNBC more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Alkaabi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kholoud Arafat
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shahrazad Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aya Mudhafar Al-Azawi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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20
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Agnello L, d’Argenio A, Nilo R, Fedele M, Camorani S, Cerchia L. Aptamer-Based Strategies to Boost Immunotherapy in TNBC. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072010. [PMID: 37046670 PMCID: PMC10093095 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system (IS) may play a crucial role in preventing tumor development and progression, leading, over the last years, to the development of effective cancer immunotherapies. Nevertheless, immune evasion, the capability of tumors to circumvent destructive host immunity, remains one of the main obstacles to overcome for maximizing treatment success. In this context, promising strategies aimed at reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment and promoting antitumor immunity are rapidly emerging. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive breast cancer subtype with poor outcomes, is highly immunogenic, suggesting immunotherapy is a viable strategy. As evidence of this, already, two immunotherapies have recently become the standard of care for patients with PD-L1 expressing tumors, which, however, represent a low percentage of patients, making more active immunotherapeutic approaches necessary. Aptamers are short, highly structured, single-stranded oligonucleotides that bind to their protein targets at high affinity and specificity. They are used for therapeutic purposes in the same way as monoclonal antibodies; thus, various aptamer-based strategies are being actively explored to stimulate the IS’s response against cancer cells. The aim of this review is to discuss the potential of the recently reported aptamer-based approaches to boost the IS to fight TNBC.
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21
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Pimentel JM, Zhou JY, Wu GS. Regulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression by TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:135-144. [PMID: 36239572 PMCID: PMC10015553 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer that lacks targeted therapies. Previous studies have shown that TNBC cells are highly sensitive to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), making it a promising agent for treating TNBC. However, the development of TRAIL resistance limits its further clinical development, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we report the role of PD-L1 in TRAIL resistance. Specifically, we found that TRAIL treatment increases PD-L1 expression in TRAIL-sensitive cells and that basal PD-L1 expression is increased in acquired TRAIL-resistant cells. Mechanistically, we found that increased PD-L1 expression was accompanied by increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Using both genetic and pharmacological approaches, we showed that knockdown of ERK by siRNA or inhibition of ERK activation by the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor U0126 decreased PD-L1 expression and increased TRAIL-induced cell death. Furthermore, we found that knockout or knockdown of PD-L1 enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis, suggesting that PD-L1-mediated TRAIL resistance is independent of its ability to evade immune suppression. Therefore, this study identifies a noncanonical mechanism by which PD-L1 promotes TRAIL resistance, which can be potentially exploited for immune checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio M. Pimentel
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
- Cancer Biology Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Jun-Ying Zhou
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Gen Sheng Wu
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
- Cancer Biology Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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22
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Rotolo R, Leuci V, Donini C, Galvagno F, Massa A, De Santis MC, Peirone S, Medico G, Sanlorenzo M, Vujic I, Gammaitoni L, Basiricò M, Righi L, Riganti C, Salaroglio IC, Napoli F, Tabbò F, Mariniello A, Vigna E, Modica C, D’Ambrosio L, Grignani G, Taulli R, Hirsch E, Cereda M, Aglietta M, Scagliotti GV, Novello S, Bironzo P, Sangiolo D. Novel Lymphocyte-Independent Antitumor Activity by PD-1 Blocking Antibody against PD-1+ Chemoresistant Lung Cancer Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:621-634. [PMID: 36165915 PMCID: PMC9890136 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antibodies against the lymphocyte PD-1 (aPD-1) receptor are cornerstone agents for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), based on their ability to restore the exhausted antitumor immune response. Our study reports a novel, lymphocyte-independent, therapeutic activity of aPD-1 against NSCLC, blocking the tumor-intrinsic PD-1 receptors on chemoresistant cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN PD-1 in NSCLC cells was explored in vitro at baseline, including stem-like pneumospheres, and following treatment with cisplatin both at transcriptional and protein levels. PD-1 signaling and RNA sequencing were assessed. The lymphocyte-independent antitumor activity of aPD-1 was explored in vitro, by PD-1 blockade and stimulation with soluble ligand (PD-L1s), and in vivo within NSCLC xenograft models. RESULTS We showed the existence of PD-1+ NSCLC cell subsets in cell lines and large in silico datasets (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and The Cancer Genome Atlas). Cisplatin significantly increased PD-1 expression on chemo-surviving NSCLC cells (2.5-fold P = 0.0014), while the sequential treatment with anti-PD-1 Ab impaired their recovery after chemotherapy. PD-1 was found to be associated with tumor stemness features. PD-1 expression was enhanced in NSCLC stem-like pneumospheres (P < 0.0001), significantly promoted by stimulation with soluble PD-L1 (+27% ± 4, P < 0.0001) and inhibited by PD-1 blockade (-30% ± 3, P < 0.0001). The intravenous monotherapy with anti-PD-1 significantly inhibited tumor growth of NSCLC xenografts in immunodeficient mice, without the contribution of the immune system, and delayed the occurrence of chemoresistance when combined with cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS We report first evidence of a novel lymphocyte-independent activity of anti-PD-1 antibodies in NSCLC, capable of inhibiting chemo-surviving NSCLC cells and exploitable to contrast disease relapses following chemotherapy. See related commentary by Augustin et al., p. 505.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Rotolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO – IRCCS, Candiolo (Torino), Italy
| | - Valeria Leuci
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO – IRCCS, Candiolo (Torino), Italy
| | - Chiara Donini
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO – IRCCS, Candiolo (Torino), Italy
| | - Federica Galvagno
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO – IRCCS, Candiolo (Torino), Italy
| | - Annamaria Massa
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO – IRCCS, Candiolo (Torino), Italy
| | - Maria Chiara De Santis
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Peirone
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Candiolo (Torino), Italy
| | | | - Martina Sanlorenzo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Igor Vujic
- The Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
| | | | - Marco Basiricò
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO – IRCCS, Candiolo (Torino), Italy
| | - Luisella Righi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Napoli
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tabbò
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Annapaola Mariniello
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Elisa Vigna
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO – IRCCS, Candiolo (Torino), Italy
| | - Chiara Modica
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO – IRCCS, Candiolo (Torino), Italy
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo D’Ambrosio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Taulli
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), City of Health and Science University Hospital di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Cereda
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Candiolo (Torino), Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO – IRCCS, Candiolo (Torino), Italy
| | | | - Silvia Novello
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Paolo Bironzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO – IRCCS, Candiolo (Torino), Italy
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IGF2: A Role in Metastasis and Tumor Evasion from Immune Surveillance? Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010229. [PMID: 36672737 PMCID: PMC9855361 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is upregulated in both childhood and adult malignancies. Its overexpression is associated with resistance to chemotherapy and worse prognosis. However, our understanding of its physiological and pathological role is lagging behind what we know about IGF1. Dysregulation of the expression and function of IGF2 receptors, insulin receptor isoform A (IR-A), insulin growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R), and their downstream signaling effectors drive cancer initiation and progression. The involvement of IGF2 in carcinogenesis depends on its ability to link high energy intake, increase cell proliferation, and suppress apoptosis to cancer risk, and this is likely the key mechanism bridging insulin resistance to cancer. New aspects are emerging regarding the role of IGF2 in promoting cancer metastasis by promoting evasion from immune destruction. This review provides a perspective on IGF2 and an update on recent research findings. Specifically, we focus on studies providing compelling evidence that IGF2 is not only a major factor in primary tumor development, but it also plays a crucial role in cancer spread, immune evasion, and resistance to therapies. Further studies are needed in order to find new therapeutic approaches to target IGF2 action.
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Ahn CH, Oh KY, Jin B, Lee WW, Kim J, Kim HJ, Park DG, Swarup N, Chawla K, Ryu MH, Kim UK, Choi SJ, Yoon HJ, Hong SD, Shin JA, Cho SD. Targeting tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 suppresses the progression and aggressiveness of head and neck cancer by inhibiting GSK3β-dependent Snail degradation. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 46:267-282. [PMID: 36441378 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE PD-L1 is an immune checkpoint protein that allows cells to evade T-cell-mediated immune responses. Herein, we uncover a tumor-intrinsic mechanism of PD-L1 that is responsible for the progression and aggressiveness of HNC and reveal that the extracts of a brown alga can target the tumor-intrinsic signaling pathway of PD-L1. METHODS The biological functions of PD-L1 in the proliferation and aggressiveness of HNC cells in vitro were examined by metabolic activity, clonogenic, tumorigenicity, wound healing, migration, and invasion assays. The clinical importance of PD-L1 in the prognosis of patients with HNC was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between PD-L1 and EMT was confirmed via western blotting, qPCR, and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Through our in silico approach, we found that PD-L1 was upregulated in HNC and was correlated with an unfavorable clinical outcome in patients with HNC. PD-L1 was crucial for promoting tumor growth, both in vitro and in vivo. High expression of PD-L1 was closely correlated with LN metastasis in OSCC. PD-L1 facilitated the cytoskeletal reorganization and aggressiveness of HNC cells. Moreover, PD-L1 enhanced the EMT of HNC cells by regulating the Snail/vimentin axis. Consistently, MEIO suppressed the PD-L1/Snail/vimentin axis, thereby inhibiting the aggressiveness of HNC cells. Inhibition of PD-L1 induced by PD-L1 silencing or MEIO treatment caused Snail degradation through a GSK3β-dependent mechanism. The tumor-intrinsic function of PD-L1 could be attributed to the regulation of the GSK3β/Snail/vimentin axis. CONCLUSION The discovery of MEIO targeting the tumor-intrinsic function of PD-L1 may prove particularly valuable for the development of novel and effective anticancer drug candidates for HNCs overexpressing PD-L1.
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25
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Yang F, Lin L, Li X, Wen R, Zhang X. Silencing of COL3A1 represses proliferation, migration, invasion, and immune escape of triple negative breast cancer cells via down-regulating PD-L1 expression. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1959-1969. [PMID: 35930601 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study is designed to illuminate the specific role and underlying mechanism of collagen type III alpha 1 chain (COL3A1) in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to examine mRNA expression of COL3A1. Western blot analysis was employed to determine protein levels of COL3A1, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3. Immunohistochemistry staining was utilized for assessing protein expression of Ki67 and COL3A1 in tissues. The proliferous capacity of cells was assessed through CCK-8 assay and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay. Cell apoptosis and the percentage of CD8+ T cells were measured using flow cytometry. Migration and invasion of TNBC cells were examined via transwell assay. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured via a LDH assay kit. For establishing a xenograft tumor model, MDA-MB-231 cells were injected into the flank of mice through subcutaneous injection. COL3A1 expression was raised in TNBC tissues and cells, and it was inversely associated with overall survival data of TNBC patients. COL3A1 downregulation repressed proliferation, invasion, migration, and immune escape of TNBC cells along with tumor growth of xenograft mice. In TNBC cells and tumor tissues of mice, protein expression of PD-L1 was reduced by COL3A1 knockdown. COL3A1 knockdown-mediated inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and immune escape were reversed by PD-L1 upregulation in vitro. Silencing of COL3A1 exerted an antitumor role in TNBC, implying its potential as a therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fuzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fuzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ronglan Wen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fuzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fuzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Shen M, Chen C, Guo Q, Wang Q, Liao J, Wang L, Yu J, Xue M, Duan Y, Zhang J. Systemic Delivery of mPEG-Masked Trispecific T-Cell Nanoengagers in Synergy with STING Agonists Overcomes Immunotherapy Resistance in TNBC and Generates a Vaccination Effect. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203523. [PMID: 36089659 PMCID: PMC9661824 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
T-cell engagers (TCEs) represent a breakthrough in hematological malignancy treatment but are vulnerable to antigen escape and lack a vaccination effect. The "immunologically cold" solid tumor presents substantial challenges due to intratumor heterogeneity and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, a methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG)-masked CD44×PD-L1/CD3 trispecific T-cell nanoengager loaded with the STING agonist c-di-AMP (CDA) (PmTriTNE@CDA) for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is rationally designed. PmTriTNE@CDA shows tumor-specific accumulation and is preferentially unmasked in response to a weakly acidic TME to prevent on-target off-tumor toxicity. The unmasked CD44×PD-L1/CD3 trispecific T-cell nanoengager (TriTNE) targets dual tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) to redirect CD8+ T cells for heterogeneous TNBC lysis while achieving PD-L1 blockade. PmTriTNE synergized with CDA to transform the cold tumor into a hot tumor, eradicate the large established TNBC tumor, and induce protective immune memory in a 4T1 orthotopic tumor model without causing obvious toxicity. PmTriTNE@CDA shows potent efficacy in cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. This study serves as a proof-of-concept demonstration of a nanobased TCEs strategy to expand therapeutic combinations that previously could not be achieved due to systemic toxicity with the aim of overcoming TNBC heterogeneity and immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical TechnologiesShanghai200032China
| | - Chuanrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyYijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu240001China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji HospitalSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Quan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji HospitalSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Jinghan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Liting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji HospitalSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Jian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Man Xue
- Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical TechnologiesShanghai200032China
| | - Yourong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
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Burger GA, Nesenberend DN, Lems CM, Hille SC, Beltman JB. Bidirectional crosstalk between epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and IFN γ-induced PD-L1 expression promotes tumour progression. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220186. [PMID: 36397970 PMCID: PMC9626257 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immunoevasion through upregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are important drivers of cancer progression. While EMT has been proposed to facilitate PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression, molecular mechanisms of their interaction remain obscure. Here, we provide insight into these mechanisms by proposing a mathematical model that describes the crosstalk between EMT and interferon gamma (IFNγ)-induced PD-L1 expression. Our model shows that via interaction with microRNA-200 (miR-200), the multi-stability of the EMT regulatory circuit is mirrored in PD-L1 levels, which are further amplified by IFNγ stimulation. This IFNγ-mediated effect is most prominent for cells in a fully mesenchymal state and less strong for those in an epithelial or partially mesenchymal state. In addition, bidirectional crosstalk between miR-200 and PD-L1 implies that IFNγ stimulation allows cells to undergo EMT for lower amounts of inducing signal, and the presence of IFNγ accelerates EMT and decelerates mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Overall, our model agrees with published findings and provides insight into possible mechanisms behind EMT-mediated immune evasion, and primary, adaptive, or acquired resistance to immunotherapy. Our model can be used as a starting point to explore additional crosstalk mechanisms, as an improved understanding of these mechanisms is indispensable for developing better diagnostic and therapeutic options for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard A. Burger
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne N. Nesenberend
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn M. Lems
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander C. Hille
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joost B. Beltman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Aptamer-Functionalized Nanoparticles Mediate PD-L1 siRNA Delivery for Effective Gene Silencing in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102225. [PMID: 36297659 PMCID: PMC9609037 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapies require effective delivery vehicles capable of carrying the siRNA cargo into target cells. To achieve tumor-targeting, a drug delivery system would have to incorporate ligands that specifically bind to receptors expressed on cancer cells to function as portals via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Cell-targeting and internalizing aptamers are the most suitable ligands for functionalization of drug-loaded nanocarriers. Here, we designed a novel aptamer-based platform for the active delivery of siRNA targeting programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. The generated nanovectors consist of PLGA-based polymeric nanoparticles, which were loaded with PD-L1 siRNA and conjugated on their surface with a new RNA aptamer, specific for TNBC and resistant to nucleases. In vitro results demonstrated that these aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles promote siRNA uptake specifically into TNBC MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 target cells, along with its endosomal release, without recognizing non-TNBC BT-474 breast cancer cells. Their efficiency resulted in an almost complete suppression of PD-L1 expression as early as 90 min of cell treatment. This research provides a rational strategy for optimizing siRNA delivery systems for TNBC treatments.
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Sun Z, Yin S, Zhao C, Fan L, Hu H. Inhibition of PD-L1-mediated tumor-promoting signaling is involved in the anti-cancer activity of β-tocotrienol. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 617:33-40. [PMID: 35689840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), a critical immune checkpoint ligand, is commonly overexpressed on the surface of many tumor types including lung and prostate cancer. PD-L1 can exert cancer-promoting activity through either suppressing T cell-mediated immune response or activating tumor-intrinsic signaling. Here, we demonstrated that β-tocotrienol (β-T3), an isomer of vitamin E, effectively inhibited PD-L1 expression both in vitro and in vivo, which was mechanistically associated inactivating JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Down-regulating PD-L1 expression by β-T3 led to enhanced immune response and inactivation of PD-L1-induced tumor-intrinsic signaling, which in turn contributed to its anticancer activity. This study uncovered a novel mechanism involved in the anticancer effect of β-T3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenou Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shutao Yin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yunmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China.
| | - Hongbo Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
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Mohan N, Agrawal A, Shen Y, Winarski KL, Endo Y, Dokmanovic M, Schmiel D, Zheng J, Rotstein DS, Pelosof LC, Wu WJ. Comparative Characterization of Different Molecular Formats of Bispecific Antibodies Targeting EGFR and PD-L1. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071381. [PMID: 35890277 PMCID: PMC9325241 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We generated two IgG1-like bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) with different molecular formats, symmetrical DVD-Ig and asymmetrical knob-in-hole (KIH), targeting the same antigens, EGFR and PD-L1 (designated as anti-EGFR/PD-L1). We performed the physiochemical and biological characterization of these two formats of anti-EGFR/PD-L1 BsAbs and compared some key quality attributes and biological activities of these two formats of BsAbs. Physiochemical binding characterization data demonstrated that both formats bound EGFR and PD-L1. However, the binding affinity of the KIH format was weaker than the DVD-Ig format in Biacore binding assays. In contrast, both DVD-Ig and KIH BsAbs had similar ELISA and cell surface binding activities, comparable to mAbs. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and a xenograft model were used to test the potency of BsAbs and other biological activities. Results showed that anti-EGFR/PD-L1 BsAbs exhibited in vitro and in vivo antitumor proliferation activity, but there was a difference in the potencies of the respective BsAb formats (DVD-Ig and KIH) when different cells or assays were used. This study provides evidence that the potency of the BsAbs targeting the same antigens can be affected by the respective molecular features, and selection of appropriate cell lines and assays is critically important for the assay development and potency testing of BsAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Mohan
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (N.M.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (K.L.W.); (Y.E.); (M.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Atul Agrawal
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (N.M.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (K.L.W.); (Y.E.); (M.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Yi Shen
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (N.M.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (K.L.W.); (Y.E.); (M.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Katie L. Winarski
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (N.M.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (K.L.W.); (Y.E.); (M.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Yukinori Endo
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (N.M.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (K.L.W.); (Y.E.); (M.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Milos Dokmanovic
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (N.M.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (K.L.W.); (Y.E.); (M.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Deborah Schmiel
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (N.M.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (K.L.W.); (Y.E.); (M.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Jiwen Zheng
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
| | - David S. Rotstein
- Division of Compliance, Office of Surveillance and Compliance, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Derwood, MD 20855, USA;
| | - Lorraine C. Pelosof
- Division of Oncology 3, Office of Oncologic Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
| | - Wen Jin Wu
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (N.M.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (K.L.W.); (Y.E.); (M.D.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-240-402-6715
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Kornepati AV, Boyd JT, Murray CE, Saifetiarova J, de la Peña Avalos B, Rogers CM, Bai H, Padron AS, Liao Y, Ontiveros C, Svatek RS, Hromas R, Li R, Hu Y, Conejo-Garcia JR, Vadlamudi RK, Zhao W, Dray E, Sung P, Curiel TJ. Tumor Intrinsic PD-L1 Promotes DNA Repair in Distinct Cancers and Suppresses PARP Inhibitor-Induced Synthetic Lethality. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2156-2170. [PMID: 35247877 PMCID: PMC9987177 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1-mediated homologous recombination is an important DNA repair mechanism that is the target of FDA-approved PARP inhibitors, yet details of BRCA1-mediated functions remain to be fully elucidated. Similarly, immune checkpoint molecules are targets of FDA-approved cancer immunotherapies, but the biological and mechanistic consequences of their application are incompletely understood. We show here that the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1 regulates homologous recombination in cancer cells by promoting BRCA1 nuclear foci formation and DNA end resection. Genetic depletion of tumor PD-L1 reduced homologous recombination, increased nonhomologous end joining, and elicited synthetic lethality to PARP inhibitors olaparib and talazoparib in vitro in some, but not all, BRCA1 wild-type tumor cells. In vivo, genetic depletion of tumor PD-L1 rendered olaparib-resistant tumors sensitive to olaparib. In contrast, anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade neither enhanced olaparib synthetic lethality nor improved its efficacy in vitro or in wild-type mice. Tumor PD-L1 did not alter expression of BRCA1 or its cofactor BARD1 but instead coimmunoprecipitated with BARD1 and increased BRCA1 nuclear accumulation. Tumor PD-L1 depletion enhanced tumor CCL5 expression and TANK-binding kinase 1 activation in vitro, similar to known immune-potentiating effects of PARP inhibitors. Collectively, these data define immune-dependent and immune-independent effects of PARP inhibitor treatment and genetic tumor PD-L1 depletion. Moreover, they implicate a tumor cell-intrinsic, immune checkpoint-independent function of PD-L1 in cancer cell BRCA1-mediated DNA damage repair with translational potential, including as a treatment response biomarker. SIGNIFICANCE PD-L1 upregulates BRCA1-mediated homologous recombination, and PD-L1-deficient tumors exhibit BRCAness by manifesting synthetic lethality in response to PARP inhibitors, revealing an exploitable therapeutic vulnerability and a candidate treatment response biomarker. See related commentary by Hanks, p. 2069.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand V.R Kornepati
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jacob T. Boyd
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Clare E. Murray
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | | | - Cody M. Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Haiyan Bai
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Alvaro S. Padron
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yiji Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Carlos Ontiveros
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Robert S. Svatek
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
- UT Health Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yanfen Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | | | - Weixing Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Eloïse Dray
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Tyler J. Curiel
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
- UT Health Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
- to whom correspondence should addressed, STRF MC 8252, 8403 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229. Phone: 210-562-4083; Fax: 210-450-1234, Corresponding author contact information: Tyler Curiel, MD, MPH, 8403 Floyd Curl Drive MC 8252, San Antonio, TX 78229, Telephone: 210-288-6446 33 Fax: 210-562-4084
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32
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Hanks BA. The "Inside" Story on Tumor-Expressed PD-L1. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2069-2071. [PMID: 35661198 PMCID: PMC9885868 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
While the extracellular domain of PD-L1 is well-recognized for playing a critical role in immune evasion by suppressing CD8+ T-cell activity through direct PD-1 interactions, a series of studies has evolved highlighting important functional roles for the PD-L1 cytoplasmic domain in supporting various aspects of tumorigenesis. Kornepati and colleagues contribute to our overall understanding of PD-L1 in tumor biology by describing a link between tumor PD-L1 expression and DNA repair. These studies demonstrate that PD-L1 promotes breast cancer type 1 (BRCA1)-mediated homologous recombination while inhibiting cytosolic DNA sensing, thus suppressing tumor immunogenicity. Notably, these effects could not be reversed with anti-PD-L1 antibodies utilized in the clinic, suggesting that pharmacologic agents promoting PD-L1 degradation may be a more effective treatment strategy for select tumors. Studies that are improving our understanding of the pathways driven by PD-L1 cytoplasmic signaling are providing increased insight into the design of next generation combinatorial immunotherapy strategies. See related article by Kornepati et al., p. 2156.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A. Hanks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA,Corresponding Author: Brent A. Hanks, M.D., Ph.D., Duke University, 308 Research Drive, LSRC, Room C203, Box 91004, Durham, NC 27708 USA, , Phone: 919-684-1995
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Garige M, Ghosh S, Norris A, Li G, Poncet S, Chou CK, Wu WW, Shen RF, Sourbier C. PD-L1 Mediates IFNγ-Regulation of Glucose but Not of Tryptophan Metabolism in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:858379. [PMID: 35656514 PMCID: PMC9152103 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.858379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune checkpoint programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is expressed on the cell surface of tumor cells and is key for maintaining an immunosuppressive microenvironment through its interaction with the programmed death 1 (PD-1). Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a highly immunogenic cancer characterized by an aberrant aerobic glycolytic metabolism and is known to overexpress PD-L1. Multiple immunotherapies have been approved for the treatment of ccRCC, including cytokines and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Recently the intrinsic role of PD-L1 and interferon gamma (IFNγ) signaling have been studied in several types of tumor cells, yet it remains unclear how they affect the metabolism and signaling pathways of ccRCC. Using metabolomics, metabolic assays and RNAseq, we showed that IFNγ enhanced aerobic glycolysis and tryptophan metabolism in ccRCC cells in vitro and induced the transcriptional expression of signaling pathways related to inflammation, cell proliferation and cellular energetics. These metabolic and transcriptional effects were partially reversed following transient PD-L1 silencing. Aerobic glycolysis, as well as signaling pathways related to inflammation, were not induced by IFNγ when PD-L1 was silenced, however, tryptophan metabolism and activation of Jak2 and STAT1 were maintained. Our data demonstrate that PD-L1 expression is required to mediate some of IFNγ's effect in ccRCC cells and highlight the importance of PD-L1 signaling in regulating the metabolism of ccRCC cells in response to inflammatory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Garige
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Susmita Ghosh
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Alexis Norris
- Division of Animal Bioengineering and Cellular Therapies, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Guangyuan Li
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Sarah Poncet
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Chao-Kai Chou
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologicals Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Wells W Wu
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologicals Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Rong-Fong Shen
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologicals Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Carole Sourbier
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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Jo H, Shim K, Jeoung D. Potential of the miR-200 Family as a Target for Developing Anti-Cancer Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115881. [PMID: 35682560 PMCID: PMC9180509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (18–24 nucleotides) that play significant roles in cell proliferation, development, invasion, cancer development, cancer progression, and anti-cancer drug resistance. miRNAs target multiple genes and play diverse roles. miRNAs can bind to the 3′UTR of target genes and inhibit translation or promote the degradation of target genes. miR-200 family miRNAs mostly act as tumor suppressors and are commonly decreased in cancer. The miR-200 family has been reported as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic marker. This review discusses the clinical value of the miR-200 family, focusing on the role of the miR-200 family in the development of cancer and anti-cancer drug resistance. This review also provides an overview of the factors that regulate the expression of the miR-200 family, targets of miR-200 family miRNAs, and the mechanism of anti-cancer drug resistance regulated by the miR-200 family.
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Sun Z, Xue C, Li J, Zhao H, Du Y, Du N. LINC00244 suppresses cell growth and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating programmed cell death ligand 1. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7635-7647. [PMID: 35266439 PMCID: PMC8974003 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2050073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in suppressing antitumor immune responses has been widely reported, and recent studies showed that PD-L1 also plays an important role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), determination of tumor cell phenotypes, metastasis, and drug resistance. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in a variety of epigenetic regulatory processes. The tumorigenesis and development of most cancers cannot be studied separately from their regulation by lncRNAs. To explore the epigenetic regulation of PD-L1, we identified an lncRNA, LINC00244, which reduced PD-L1 expression and predicted good clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). LINC00244 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of HCC by downregulating PD-L1 expression. In addition, low LINC00244 expression activated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways and facilitated the rapid growth and metastasis of HCC cells. Thus, LINC00244 is a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Sun
- Department of Oncology, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyuan Xue
- Department of Genetic Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangbo Li
- Department of Genetic Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yimeng Du
- Department of Genetic Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Du
- Department of Oncology, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, Beijing, China
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Abstract
The paradigm of surface-expressed programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) signalling to immune cell programmed death 1 (PD1) to inhibit antitumour immunity has helped to develop effective and revolutionary immunotherapies using antibodies blocking these cell-extrinsic interactions. The recent discovery of cancer cell-intrinsic PDL1 signals has broadened understanding of pathologic tumour PDL1 signal consequences that now includes control of tumour growth and survival pathways, stemness, immune effects, DNA damage responses and gene expression regulation. Many such effects are PD1-independent. These insights demonstrate that the prevailing cell-extrinsic PDL1 signalling paradigm is useful, but incomplete in important respects. This Perspective discusses historical and recent advances in understanding cancer cell-intrinsic PDL1 signals, mechanisms for signal controls and important immunopathologic consequences including resistance to cytotoxic agents, targeted small molecules and immunotherapies. Cancer cell-intrinsic PDL1 signals present novel drug discovery targets and also have potential as reliable treatment response biomarkers. Cancer cell-intrinsic PD1 signals and cell-intrinsic PDL1 signals in non-cancer cells are discussed briefly, as are PDL1 signals from soluble and vesicle-bound PDL1 and PDL1 isoforms. We conclude with suggestions for addressing the most pressing challenges and opportunities in this rapidly developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand V R Kornepati
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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37
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Tumor Cell-Autonomous Pro-Metastatic Activities of PD-L1 in Human Breast Cancer Are Mediated by PD-L1-S283 and Chemokine Axes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041042. [PMID: 35205789 PMCID: PMC8870053 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease that responds in a limited manner to immune checkpoint blockades targeting the PD-L1/PD-1 axis, suggesting that PD-L1 potentiates TNBC progression via pathways not related to immune suppression. We demonstrated that, in human breast cancer cells, PD-L1 expression increased in a cell-autonomous manner tumor cell growth, invasion and release of pro-metastatic factors; these activities were elevated by exposure to PD-1 and were markedly impaired in S283-mutated PD-L1-expressing cells. Invasion of WT-PD-L1-expressing TNBC cells depended on autocrine chemokine circuits, involving CXCR1/2, CCR2, CCR5 and their ligands. In T cell-deficient mice, WT-PD-L1 exhibited increased tumor growth and metastasis by TNBC cells, whereas S283A-PD-L1-expressing cells showed a very poor tumorigenic and metastatic profile. These findings on cell-autonomous and PD-1-induced pro-metastatic activities of PD-L1 in cancer cells suggest that treatments targeting PD-L1 could improve the efficacy of immune-targeting checkpoint inhibitors, e.g., anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4 in TNBC. Abstract Therapies targeting the PD-L1/PD-1 axis have recently been introduced to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with limited efficacy, suggesting that this axis promotes tumor progression through mechanisms other than immune suppression. Here, we over-expressed WT-PD-L1 in human TNBC cells (express endogenous PD-L1) and in luminal-A breast cancer cells (no endogenous PD-L1 expression) and demonstrated that cell-autonomous PD-L1 activities lead to increased tumor cell growth, invasion and release of pro-metastatic factors (CXCL8, sICAM-1, GM-CSF). These activities were promoted by PD-1 and were inhibited by mutating S283 in PD-L1. Invasion of WT-PD-L1-cells required signaling by chemokine receptors CXCR1/2, CCR2 and CCR5 through autocrine circuits involving CXCL8, CCL2 and CCL5. Studies with T cell-deficient mice demonstrated that cell-autonomous WT-PD-L1 activities in TNBC cells increased tumor growth and metastasis compared to knock-out (KO)-PD-L1-cells, whereas S283A-PD-L1-expressing cells had minimal ability to form tumors and did not metastasize. Overall, our findings reveal autonomous and PD-1-induced tumor-promoting activities of PD-L1 that depend on S283 and on chemokine circuits. These results suggest that TNBC patients whose tumors express PD-L1 could benefit from therapies that prevent immune suppression by targeting PD-1/CTLA-4, alongside with antibodies to PD-L1, which would allow maximal impact by mainly targeting the cancer cells.
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38
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Li G, Ghosh S, Park J, Shin H, Garige M, Reaman G, Sourbier C. A mouse pancreatic organoid model to compare PD-L1 blocking antibodies. MAbs 2022; 14:2139886. [PMID: 36334035 PMCID: PMC9639566 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2139886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the therapeutic landscape for cancer patients, but diabetes, a rare, severe immune-related endocrinopathy, is linked to ICI therapy. It is unclear whether glycosylation of ICIs may play a role in the development of this adverse event and how the physiological effects of different ICIs on pancreatic cells should be evaluated. We used a mouse pancreatic organoid model to compare three PD-L1 blocking antibodies in the presence or absence of IFNγ using a metabolic bioanalyzer. Modulation of ICI glycosylation altered its metabolic effects on mouse pancreatic organoids, suggesting that this model could be used to monitor and compare ICIs and to study the mechanisms underlying the development of IC-mediated diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Li
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Susmita Ghosh
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - JuMe Park
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Hyunsu Shin
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mamatha Garige
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory Reaman
- Oncology Center of Excellence, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Carole Sourbier
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA,CONTACT Carole Sourbier Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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39
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Tang X, Sui X, Weng L, Liu Y. SNAIL1: Linking Tumor Metastasis to Immune Evasion. Front Immunol 2021; 12:724200. [PMID: 34917071 PMCID: PMC8669501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.724200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Snail1, a key inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), plays a critical role in tumor metastasis. Its stability is strictly controlled by multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Increasing evidence indicates that methylation and acetylation of Snail1 also affects tumor metastasis. More importantly, Snail1 is involved in tumor immunosuppression by inducing chemokines and immunosuppressive cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, some immune checkpoints potentiate Snail1 expression, such as programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and T cell immunoglobulin 3 (TIM-3). This mini review highlights the pathways and molecules involved in maintenance of Snail1 level and the significance of Snail1 in tumor immune evasion. Due to the crucial role of EMT in tumor metastasis and tumor immunosuppression, comprehensive understanding of Snail1 function may contribute to the development of novel therapeutics for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Xue Sui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Liang Weng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Gerontological Cancer Research, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Imaging of Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yongshuo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China.,Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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