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Löser R, Bader M, Kuchar M, Wodtke R, Lenk J, Wodtke J, Kuhne K, Bergmann R, Haase-Kohn C, Urbanová M, Steinbach J, Pietzsch J. Synthesis, 18F-labelling and radiopharmacological characterisation of the C-terminal 30mer of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin as a potential claudin-targeting peptide. Amino Acids 2018; 51:219-244. [PMID: 30264172 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cell surface receptor claudin-4 (Cld-4) is upregulated in various tumours and represents an important emerging target for both diagnosis and treatment of solid tumours of epithelial origin. The C-terminal fragment of the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin cCPE290-319 appears as a suitable ligand for targeting Cld-4. The synthesis of this 30mer peptide was attempted via several approaches, which has revealed sequential SPPS using three pseudoproline dipeptide building blocks to be the most efficient one. Labelling with fluorine-18 was achieved on solid phase using N-succinimidyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB) and 4-[18F]fluorobenzoyl chloride as 18F-acylating agents, which was the most advantageous when [18F]SFB was reacted with the resin-bound 30mer containing an N-terminal 6-aminohexanoic spacer. Binding to Cld-4 was demonstrated via surface plasmon resonance using a protein construct containing both extracellular loops of Cld-4. In addition, cell binding experiments were performed for 18F-labelled cCPE290-319 with the Cld-4 expressing tumour cell lines HT-29 and A431 that were complemented by fluorescence microscopy studies using the corresponding fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated peptide. The 30mer peptide proved to be sufficiently stable in blood plasma. Studying the in vivo behaviour of 18F-labelled cCPE290-319 in healthy mice and rats by dynamic PET imaging and radiometabolite analyses has revealed that the peptide is subject to substantial liver uptake and rapid metabolic degradation in vivo, which limits its suitability as imaging probe for tumour-associated Cld-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reik Löser
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Miriam Bader
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuela Kuchar
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Wodtke
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Lenk
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johanna Wodtke
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Konstantin Kuhne
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cathleen Haase-Kohn
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie Urbanová
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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Thors C, Jokiranta TS, Meri T, Kairemo K, Meri S, Linder E. Immunoglobulin uptake and processing by Schistosoma mansoni. Parasite Immunol 2006; 28:421-8. [PMID: 16916365 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular Schistosoma mansoni worms seem to take up immunoglobulins from blood by surface Fc-receptors, but the process whereby bound immunoglobulins are processed by the parasite is poorly understood. We here present morphological data suggesting that two distinct main processes are involved: Host immunoglobulins were seen at two distinct locations in the parasite: in the frontal part of the enteric tube, the oesophagus, and as a fine granular staining at the surface and in the subtegumental region. The latter staining pattern corresponds to host immunoglobulin localization in discrete organelle-like aggregates tentatively identified as 'discoid or elongate bodies' at the ultrastructural level using immunogold staining. Immunoglobulin uptake by intravascular worms was also demonstrated in vivo after passive administration of 125I-labelled rabbit and mouse immunoglobulins. Radiolabelled immunoglobulins were taken up by the worms and shown to localize as fine strands running perpendicular to the parasite surface. Our results suggest that intravascular schistosomes take up host immunoglobulins both as part of their enteric digestion and by a surface Fc-receptor-mediated mechanism, involving transport and processing within organelles, 'elongate bodies'. Immunoglobulins taken up by intravascular schistosomes form a distinct organelle-like granules, which seem to be processed within the excretory system of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thors
- Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control (SMI), Solna, Sweden
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Dozio N, Sarugeri E, Scavini M, Beretta A, Belloni C, Dosio F, Savi A, Fazio F, Sodoyez-Goffaux F, Pozza G. Insulin receptor antibodies inhibit insulin uptake by the liver: in vivo 123I-insulin scintigraphic scanning and in vitro characterization in autoimmune hypoglycemia. J Investig Med 2001; 49:85-92. [PMID: 11217151 DOI: 10.2310/6650.2001.34094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin receptor antibodies can induce severe hypoglycemia or insulin resistance in rare autoimmune syndromes. In vitro properties of these antibodies occasionally explain the clinical features of the syndrome, but direct evidence of their in vivo activity is poor. We studied a 58-year-old male with rheumatoid arthritis who presented with hypoglycemic coma. METHODS AND RESULTS Antibodies were detected by inhibition of 125I-insulin binding to human insulin receptor-3T3 cells by the patient's serum. By immunofluorescence, they were immunoglobulin G of all four subclasses, immunoprecipitated insulin receptors from biotin-labeled cells, and triggered phosphorylation of the beta subunit of the insulin receptor. Insulin binding on the patient's red blood cells was markedly reduced. A biodistribution study after intravenous 123I-Tyr A14 insulin showed a marked inhibition of tracer uptake by the liver, reaching 10% of the injected dose (controls, mean +/- SD, 21.1 +/- 1.7%; n = 10). Time activity curves generated on the liver and on the heart were parallel, with a T1/2 of 11.5 minutes for both, suggesting that no specific uptake occurred in the liver, where tracer activity represented only the blood pool. Clearance of insulin from the blood was indeed slower than in controls and mainly occurred through the kidneys. Analysis of plasma 123I-insulin immunoreactivity and trichloroacetic acid precipitate showed that insulin degradation did not occur as in normal controls. CONCLUSIONS In this patient with hypoglycemic syndrome, insulin receptor antibodies with in vitro insulin-like activity are capable of blocking in vivo the access of insulin to the liver receptor compartment, as directly demonstrated by the markedly altered biodistribution of intravenously injected 123I-insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dozio
- Departments of Medicine and Nuclear Medicine, H. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, University of Milano, Via Olgettina 60, I-20132 Milano, Italy.
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Kolaczynski JW, Carter R, Soprano KJ, Moscicki R, Boden G. Insulin binding and degradation by rat liver Kupffer and endothelial cells. Metabolism 1993; 42:477-81. [PMID: 8487671 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(93)90106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the major site of insulin metabolism. Previous studies have suggested that hepatocytes were chiefly responsible for this activity, while contributions of Kupffer and other nonparenchymal liver cells remained controversial. In this study, we compared 125I-insulin binding and degradation by rat hepatocytes with insulin binding and degradation by sinusoidal Kupffer and endothelial cells. Kupffer cells were separated from endothelial cells by centrifugal elutriation. Hepatocytes had approximately 3.5 times more insulin binding sites than Kupffer cells and approximately eight times more binding sites than endothelial cells. In addition, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-purified solubilized receptors from all three cell types bound insulin in proportions similar to whole cells. Moreover, all three cell types were shown with a ribonuclease (RNase) protection assay to express insulin receptor mRNA. Hepatocytes degraded approximately four times more insulin than Kupffer cells, while endothelial cells degraded only negligible amounts of insulin. Based on morphometric data available in the literature, we estimated that nonparenchymal cells could account for approximately 10% to 15% of hepatic insulin degradation. We concluded that rat hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and endothelial cells all have specific insulin receptors, and that nonparenchymal cells play a small but significant role in insulin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Kolaczynski
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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Watanabe M, Hirose Y, Sugimoto M, Nakanishi M, Watanabe H, Shimada M. The distribution of tissue insulin receptors in the mouse by whole-body autoradiography. JOURNAL OF RECEPTOR RESEARCH 1992; 12:13-37. [PMID: 1564700 DOI: 10.3109/10799899209066022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of insulin binding sites in the mouse was investigated by in vivo whole-body autoradiography. Male mice were injected intravenously with 125I-insulin in the absence of and, in the presence of, excess unlabeled insulin. Three, 6, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after injection, the animals were perfused and subjected to autoradiographic procedures. Specific insulin binding was observed in the choroid plexus, liver, gastrointestinal tract, spleen, pancreas, deferent duct, and Harderian gland. In the liver and spleen, the distribution of binding sites was heterogeneous. In the liver, the density of the binding was higher around the branches of the portal vein than around the central vein. In the spleen, the marginal zone exhibited a higher density than the white and red pulp. The kidney cortex, and the thyroid gland showed a high degree of insulin binding, but the binding was nonspecific. The binding of insulin to other tissues and organs, including the skeletal muscle and fat, was weak, and most of the binding was nonspecific.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Osaka Medical College, Japan
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Aerts L, Holemans K, Van Assche FA. Maternal diabetes during pregnancy: consequences for the offspring. DIABETES/METABOLISM REVIEWS 1990; 6:147-67. [PMID: 2091909 DOI: 10.1002/dmr.5610060303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Aerts
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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Oolbekkink M, Heine RJ, den Hollander W, Nauta JJ, van der Veen EA. Hepatic 123I-insulin binding kinetics in non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetic patients after i.v. bolus administration. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE 1989; 15:292-5. [PMID: 2670569 DOI: 10.1007/bf00435468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Insulin binding kinetics in the liver were studied in non insulin dependent (Type 2) diabetic patients, by i.v. bolus administration of 123I-insulin. Eight Type 2 diabetic patients were compared with six male volunteers. Uptake of 123I-insulin by liver and kidneys was measured by dynamic scintigraphy with a gamma camera during 30 min. Images of liver and kidneys appeared within 2-3 min after administration of 123I-insulin at a dose of 1 mCi (37 MBq). Peak radioactivity for the liver was found 7.5 +/- 0.2 and 6.9 +/- 0.3 min after injection for the healthy and the diabetic subjects, respectively (N.S.). The percentage 123I-insulin hepatic uptake was not significantly different for the diabetic and the healthy subjects. Although a large variation exists for maximal uptake of radioactivity within both groups, the data suggest that binding differences in the liver in Type 2 diabetic patients, as compared to healthy subjects, may not account for hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oolbekkink
- Department of Endocrinology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wilkin
- Endocrine Section, General Hospital, Southampton
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Aerts L, Sodoyez-Goffaux F, Sodoyez JC, Malaisse WJ, Van Assche FA. The diabetic intrauterine milieu has a long-lasting effect on insulin secretion by B cells and on insulin uptake by target tissues. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 159:1287-92. [PMID: 3056011 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(88)90465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
From our previous work, it appears that fetal development in the abnormal intrauterine milieu of a mother with diabetes results in impaired glucose tolerance in adult life. In adult Wistar rats that were the offspring of mildly or severely diabetic mothers, in vitro islet stimulation and in vivo insulin uptake studies were undertaken to distinguish between alterations in glucose sensitivity and insulin secretion at the B cell level and alterations in insulin sensitivity and uptake at the level of the peripheral tissues. Insulin output after glucose stimulation by isolated islets was lower than normal in the rats of mothers with mild diabetes and higher than normal in the animals of severely diabetic mothers, confirming the results of previous in vivo studies. Insulin binding by the liver was normal in both groups. Insulin uptake by the kidney was normal in rats with mildly diabetic mothers but was increased in rats of severely diabetic mothers, suggesting decreased uptake of insulin by the peripheral tissues. Impaired glucose tolerance in rats of mildly diabetic mothers, resulting from decreased responsiveness to glucose, is interpreted as a consequence of hyperactivity of these B cells during the intrauterine life. Impaired glucose tolerance in rats of severely diabetic mothers, associated with insulin hypersecretion and decreased insulin uptake by the peripheral tissues might result from intrauterine alterations of the peripheral receptor or postreceptor system induced by the abnormal intrauterine milieu. These data on experimental diabetes in the rat demonstrate that the maternal diabetic environment exerts a diabetogenic influence on the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Aerts
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
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Sodoyez-Goffaux F, Sodoyez JC, Koch M, De Vos CJ, Frank BH. Scintigraphic distribution of 123 I labelled proinsulin, split conversion intermediates and insulin in rats. Diabetologia 1988; 31:848-54. [PMID: 3234639 DOI: 10.1007/bf00277489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin, biosynthetic human proinsulin and 2 human proinsulin conversion intermediates, des (64, 65) human proinsulin and des (31, 32) human proinsulin, were labelled with 123 I and the derivatives monosubstituted on Tyr A14 were purified by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The four tracers were injected into anaesthetized rats via a jugular or a portal vein and time activity curves were generated for the liver and kidneys using a gamma camera and an online computer. Liver extraction coefficients varied in the order insulin (38%), des (64, 65) human proinsulin (11.7%), des (31, 32) human proinsulin (3.2%), human proinsulin (1.6%); whereas half-life of hepatic activity varied in the reverse order, from 6 min for insulin, to 45 min for human proinsulin. As expected for a non-receptor mediated process, kidney extraction varied conversely to liver extraction, being highest for human proinsulin and lowest for insulin. It is concluded that the kinetics of human proinsulin conversion intermediates depends upon the site of cleavage and deletion and is intermediate between those of insulin and intact human proinsulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sodoyez-Goffaux
- Laboratory of Experimental Nuclear Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium
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Sodoyez-Goffaux F, Sodoyez JC, Koch M, Dozio N, Arquilla ER, McDougall B, De Vos CJ, von Frenckell R. Scintigraphic distribution of complexes of antiinsulin antibodies and 123I-insulin. In vivo studies in rats. J Clin Invest 1987; 80:466-74. [PMID: 3301901 PMCID: PMC442259 DOI: 10.1172/jci113094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clearance of immune complexes made of antiinsulin antibodies and 123I-insulin was studied with scintillation scanning in anesthetized rats. Complexes made with purified guinea pig antiinsulin IgG2 (cytophilic isotype) were rapidly cleared by the liver whereas those made with IgG1 remained in the plasma, as did 123I-labeled IgG1 or IgG2 of control animals. Hepatic clearance of insulin-antiinsulin IgG complexes was not inhibited by either an excess of insulin or decomplementation, thereby ruling out interaction with insulin and C3b receptors. Insulin and guinea pig antiinsulin serum or its purified IgG isotypes formed large aggregates exceeding 5 IgG. Antiinsulin antibodies of diabetics, mostly IgG1 and IgG3 (cytophilic isotypes), formed complexes that either remained in plasma (small aggregates) or were cleared by the liver (large aggregates). In conclusion, clearance of insulin-antiinsulin IgG complexes is probably mediated by Fc gamma receptors on macrophages and requires cytophilic subclass composition and formation of large IgG aggregates.
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