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Korb CA, Lackner KJ, Wolters D, Schuster AK, Nickels S, Beutgen VM, Münzel T, Wild PS, Beutel ME, Schmidtmann I, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Association of autoantibody levels with different stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD): Results from the population-based Gutenberg Health Study (GHS). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:2763-2773. [PMID: 37160502 PMCID: PMC10543519 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anti-retinal autoantibodies are assumed to be associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of autoantibodies in human sera of participants with different stages of AMD in a large population-based, observational cohort study in Germany. METHODS The Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) is a population-based, observational cohort study in Germany, including 15,010 participants aged between 35 and 74. Amongst others, non-mydriatic fundus photography (Visucam PRO NM™, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) was performed. Fundus images of the first 5000 participants were graded based on the Rotterdam Eye Study classification. Sera of participants with AMD (n=541) and sera of age-matched participants without AMD (n=490) were analyzed by antigen-microarrays. Besides descriptive statistics, autoantibody-levels were compared by Mann-Whitney-U test and the associations of level of autoantibodies with AMD were calculated by logistic regression analysis. Likewise, possible associations of the autoantibodies and both clinical and laboratory parameters on AMD subjects were analyzed. RESULTS Autoantibodies against transferrin (p<0.001) were significantly downregulated in participants with early AMD and soft, distinct drusen (≥63 μm) or pigmentary abnormalities only compared to Controls. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (p=0.041), glutathione peroxidase 4 (p=0.048), clusterin (p=0.045), lysozyme (p=0.19), protein kinase C substrate 80K-H (p=0.02), heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A (p=0.04) and insulin (p=0.018) show a trend between Control and participants with early AMD and soft, distinct drusen (≥63 μm) or pigmentary abnormalities only. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to a growing knowledge of autoantibodies in association with different AMD stages compared to controls in the context of a large population-based study in Germany. Especially autoantibodies against inflammatory proteins were downregulated in participants with early AMD and soft, distinct drusen (≥63 μm) or pigmentary abnormalities only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Korb
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Karl J Lackner
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Wolters
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander K Schuster
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Nickels
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vanessa M Beutgen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz H Grus
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Serum Autoantibodies in Patients with Dry and Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041590. [PMID: 36836125 PMCID: PMC9960765 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the serum autoantibody profile in patients with dry and exudative age-related macular degeneration compared with healthy volunteers to detect potential biomarkers, e.g., markers for progression of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS IgG Immunoreactivities were compared in patients suffering from dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (n = 20), patients with treatment-naive exudative AMD (n = 29) and healthy volunteers (n = 21). Serum was analysed by customized antigen microarrays containing 61 antigens. The statistical analysis was performed by univariate and multivariate analysis of variance, predictive data-mining methods and artificial neuronal networks were used to detect specific autoantibody patterns. RESULTS The immunoreactivities of dry and wet AMD patients were significantly different from each other and from controls. One of the most prominently changed reactivity was against alpha-synuclein (p ≤ 0.0034), which is known from other neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, reactivities against glyceraldehyde-3-phosphat-dehydrogenase (p ≤ 0.031) and Annexin V (p ≤ 0.034), which performs a major role in apoptotic processes, were significantly changed. Some immunoreacitvities were antithetic regulated in wet and dry-AMD, such as Vesicle transport-related protein (VTI-B). CONCLUSIONS Comparison of autoantibody profiles in patients with dry and wet AMD revealed significantly altered immunoreactivities against proteins particularly found in immunological diseases, further neurodegenerative, apoptotic and autoimmune markers could be observed. A validation study has to explore if these antibody pattern can help to understand the underlying differences in pathogenesis, evaluate their prognostic value and if those could be possibly useful as additional therapeutic targets.
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McMurtrey JJ, Tso MOM. A review of the immunologic findings observed in retinitis pigmentosa. Surv Ophthalmol 2018; 63:769-781. [PMID: 29551596 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most patients suffering from retinitis pigmentosa (RP) inherit the disorder; however, the immune-pathologic features associated with this disease have yet to be extensively studied. Six reports correlate antiretinal immune activity with vision deterioration in RP patients. Some of these patients have sporadic RP that occurs in excess of expected gene segregation during inheritance. The hypothesis that a primary immune-mediated disease process occurs in this sporadic group is supported by significant associations of RP with autoimmune endocrinopathies and other immune-related conditions or factors; however, no immunologic difference regarding RP family history is reported in the peripheral blood studies of RP patients. Twenty-one percent to 51% of RP patients display antiretinal antibodies, whereas 19-58% have antiretinal lymphocyte reactivity to retinal extract, and 60-85% have activated T cells. Mutations in animal models of RP have been shown to cause endoplasmic reticulum stress that may initiate immunopathology for genetic RP, but oxidative stress also encourages immune cytotoxicity. In addition, necrotic cell death is evident, which promotes inflammatory conditions. We review mechanisms and evidence for an occult inflammation in genetic RP and examine reports of efficacy in retarding RP progression with anti-inflammatory agents in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J McMurtrey
- The Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University and Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Mark O M Tso
- The Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University and Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Joachim SC, Bruns K, Lackner KJ, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Analysis of IgG antibody patterns against retinal antigens and antibodies to alpha-crystallin, GFAP, and alpha-enolase in sera of patients with "wet" age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2006; 245:619-26. [PMID: 17058093 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-006-0429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Revised: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the IgG antibody patterns against retinal antigens in sera of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and healthy subjects to learn more about possible immunological aspects of this disease and to identify some of the most important antigens. METHODS Sera of 140 patients were analyzed: healthy volunteers (CO, n=101) and patients with "wet" age-related macular degeneration (AMD, n=39). The sera were tested against western blots of bovine retinal antigens. The IgG antibody patterns were analyzed by multivariate statistical techniques and some antigens were identified via LC-MS/MS. RESULTS All patients showed complex patterns of IgG antibodies against retinal antigens. The discriminant analysis revealed a statistical significant difference between the antibody profiles of the AMD and the CO group (P=0.000023). Not only up-regulations of antigen-antibody-reactivities in the AMD group at some molecular weight ranges, e.g. at 46 and 52 kDa, could be seen, but also down-regulations, e.g. at 18 and 36 kDa. The 18 kDa antigen band was identified as alphaB-crystallin, the band at 46 kDa as alpha-enolase, and one at 52 kDa as glial fibrillary acidic protein. CONCLUSIONS We could demonstrate that both groups (wet AMD and CO) show complex IgG antibody patterns against retinal antigens, which are highly specific for each group. This provides further hints for the immunological basis of the disease. These changes in the antibody profiles in "wet" AMD could represent a secondary response to retinal damage or can play a causative role in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Joachim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101, Mainz, Germany
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Umeda S, Suzuki MT, Okamoto H, Ono F, Mizota A, Terao K, Yoshikawa Y, Tanaka Y, Iwata T. Molecular composition of drusen and possible involvement of anti-retinal autoimmunity in two different forms of macular degeneration in cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). FASEB J 2005; 19:1683-5. [PMID: 16099945 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-3525fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) pedigree with early onset macular degeneration that develops drusen at 2 yr after birth. In this study, the molecular composition of drusen in monkeys affected with late onset and early onset macular degeneration was both characterized. Involvement of anti-retinalautoimmunity in the deposition of drusen and the pathogenesis of the disease was also evaluated. Funduscopic and histological examinations were performed on 278 adult monkeys (mean age=16.94 yr) for late onset macular degeneration. The molecular composition of drusen was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and/or direct proteome analysis using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). Anti-retinal autoantibodies in sera were screened in 20 affected and 10 age-matched control monkeys by Western blot techniques. Immunogenic molecules were identified by 2D electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS. Relative antibody titer against each antigen was determined by ELISA in sera from 42 affected (late onset) and 41 normal monkeys. Yellowish-white spots in the macular region were observed in 90 (32%) of the late onset monkeys that were examined. Histological examination demonstrated that drusen or degenerative retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells were associated with the pigmentary abnormalities. Drusen in both late and early onset monkeys showed immunoreactivities for apolipoprotein E, amyloid P component, complement component C5, the terminal C5b-9 complement complex, vitronectin, and membrane cofactor protein. LC-MS/MS analyses identified 60 proteins as constituents of drusen, including a number of common components in drusen of human age-related macular degeneration (AMD), such as annexins, crystallins, immunoglobulins, and complement components. Half of the affected monkeys had single or multiple autoantibodies against 38, 40, 50, and 60 kDa retinal proteins. The reacting antigens of 38 and 40 kDa were identified as annexin II and mu-crystallin, respectively. Relative antibody titer against annexin II in affected monkeys was significantly higher than control animals (P<0.01). Significant difference was not observed in antibody titer against mu-crystallin; however, several affected monkeys showed considerably elevated titer (360-610%) compared with the mean for unaffected animals. Monkey drusen both in late and early onset forms of macular degeneration had common components with drusen in human AMD patients, indicating that chronic inflammation mediated by complement activation might also be involved in the formation of drusen in these affected monkeys. The high prevalence of anti-retinalautoantibodies in sera from affected monkeys demonstrated an autoimmune aspect of the pathogenesis of the disease. Although further analyses are required to determine whether and how autoantibodies against annexin II or mu-crystallin relate to the pathogenesis of the disease, it could be hypothesized that immune responses directed against these antigens might trigger chronic activation of the complement cascade at the site of drusen formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Umeda
- National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Hooks JJ, Tso MO, Detrick B. Retinopathies associated with antiretinal antibodies. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2001; 8:853-8. [PMID: 11527791 PMCID: PMC96159 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.8.5.853-858.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Hooks
- Immunology and Virology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Bldg. 10, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Terryberry JW, Thor G, Peter JB. Autoantibodies in neurodegenerative diseases: antigen-specific frequencies and intrathecal analysis. Neurobiol Aging 1998; 19:205-16. [PMID: 9661995 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(98)00049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of autoantibodies (AAbs) was surveyed in several neurodegenerative diseases, other neurological diseases, and controls using antigen-specific EIAs for neurofilament heavy subunit, tubulin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100 protein, tau, beta-amyloid peptide, myelin basic protein, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan. High frequencies of sera and cerebrospinal fluid tubulin AAbs were found in Alzheimer disease (62% and 69%, respectively), Parkinson disease (27% and 70%), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (54% and 67%), and in sera from multiple sclerosis (50% and 67%), optic neuritis (85%), Guillain-Barré syndrome (88%), and vascular dementia (52%). High frequencies of neurofilament heavy subunit AAbs were detected in Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic peripheral neuropathy (88%) and optic neuritis (62%); whereas, some Alzheimer's disease (33%) and vascular dementia (44%) patients had glial fibrillary acidic protein AAbs. Lower frequencies of other AAbs were found in patient groups. AAb results were also compared to functional assessment of blood-brain barrier integrity in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. The relevance of these AAbs to pathogenesis and/or course of neurologic diseases merits further study with particular reference to subgrouping and prognosis.
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Singh VK, Warren R, Averett R, Ghaziuddin M. Circulating autoantibodies to neuronal and glial filament proteins in autism. Pediatr Neurol 1997; 17:88-90. [PMID: 9308986 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-8994(97)00045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmunity may be a pathogenic factor in autism, a behavioral disorder of early childhood onset. Circulating autoantibodies are produced in organ-specific autoimmunity; therefore, we investigated them in the plasma of autistic subjects, mentally retarded (MR) subjects, and healthy controls. Autoantibodies (IgG isotype) to neuron-axon filament protein (anti-NAFP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (anti-GFAP) were analyzed by the Western immunoblotting technique. We found a significant increase in incidence of anti-NAFP (P = .004) and anti-GFAP (P = .002) in autistic subjects, but not in MR subjects. Clinically, these autoantibodies may be related to autoimmune pathology in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1065, USA
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Fudenberg HH. Dialysable lymphocyte extract (DLyE) in infantile onset autism: a pilot study. BIOTHERAPY (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 1996; 9:143-7. [PMID: 8993773 DOI: 10.1007/bf02628672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
40 infantile autistic patients were studied. They ranged from 6 years to 15 years of age at entry. 22 were cases of classical infantile autism; whereas 18 lacked one or more clinical defects associated with infantile autism ("pseudo-autism"). Of the 22 with classic autism, 21 responded to transfer factor (TF) treatment by gaining at least 2 points in symptoms severity score average (SSSA); and 10 became normal in that they were main-streamed in school and clinical characteristics were fully normalized. Of the 18 remaining, 4 responded to TF, some to other therapies. After cessation of TF therapy, 5 in the autistic group and 3 of the pseudo-autistic group regressed, but they did not drop as low as baseline levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Fudenberg
- Neurolmmuno Therapeutics Research Foundation Spartanburg, S.C., USA
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Heckenlively JR, Aptsiauri N, Nusinowitz S, Peng C, Hargrave PA. Investigations of antiretinal antibodies in pigmentary retinopathy and other retinal degenerations. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1996; 94:179-200; discussion 200-6. [PMID: 8981696 PMCID: PMC1312095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Fudenberg
- NeuroImmunoTherapeutics Research Foundation, Spartanburg, SC
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Soussan L, Tchernakov K, Bachar-Lavi O, Yuvan T, Wertman E, Michaelson DM. Antibodies to different isoforms of the heavy neurofilament protein (NF-H) in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurobiol 1994; 9:83-91. [PMID: 7888108 DOI: 10.1007/bf02816107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sera of normal controls and of patients with neurological diseases contain antineurofilament antibodies. Recent studies suggest that biochemically and immunologically distinct subclasses of neurofilaments occur in different types of neurons. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the major cause of dementia, is associated with a marked degeneration of brain cholinergic neurons. In the present work we characterized the repertoire and age dependence of antineurofilament antibodies in normal sera and examined whether the degeneration of cholinergic neurons in AD is associated with serum antibodies directed specifically against the neurofilaments of mammalian cholinergic neurons. This was performed by immunoblot assays utilizing neurofilaments from the purely cholinergic bovine ventral root neurons and from the chemically heterogeneous bovine dorsal root neurons. Antibodies to the heavy neurofilament protein NF-H were detected in normal control sera. Their levels were significantly higher in older (aged 70-79) than in younger (aged 40-59) subjects. These antibodies bound similarly to bovine ventral root and dorsal root NF-H and their NF-H specificity was unchanged during aging. In contrast, the levels of IgG in AD sera that are directed against ventral root cholinergic NF-H were higher than those directed against the chemically heterogeneous dorsal root NF-H. Immunoblot experiments utilizing dephosphorylated ventral root and dorsal root NF-H and chymotryptic fragments of these molecules revealed that AD sera contain a repertoire of antimamalian NF-H IgG. A subpopulation of these antibodies binds to phosphorylated epitopes that are specifically enriched in ventral root cholinergic NF-H and that are located on the carboxy terminal domain of this molecule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L Soussan
- Department of Biochemistry, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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Rosberger DF, Tshering SL, Polsky B, Heinemann MH, Klein RF, Cunningham-Rundles S. Antineurofilament and antiretinal antibodies in AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 1994; 1:445-9. [PMID: 8556483 PMCID: PMC368285 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.1.4.445-449.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sera obtained from AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis before and after treatment with foscarnet, AIDS patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) retinopathy, AIDS patients without retinal disease, and normal healthy controls with and without positive CMV serologies were assayed for the presence of antibodies against the 200-kDa outer, 160-kDa middle, and 68-kDa core subunits of the neurofilament triplet. Additional studies were performed to determine the presence of antibodies reactive with proteins extracted from crude human retinal antigen preparations. Antibodies against the 200-, 260-, and 68-kDa proteins of the neurofilament triplet were detected in 15 of 15 AIDS patients with CMV retinitis. The expression of these antibodies was unaffected, qualitatively, by successful treatment with foscarnet. In contrast, only 30% of patients with HIV retinopathy unrelated to CMV, fewer than 35% of AIDS patients with positive CMV titers but without evident retinitis, and fewer than 25% of healthy controls with positive or negative CMV titers possessed antibodies against any of the triplet proteins (P < 0.001). Antibodies against several clusters of retinal antigens were also identified in the sera of patients with CMV retinitis. In summary, the data indicate that retinal elements damaged by CMV infection induce an antibody response against the 200-, 160-, and 68kDa components of the neurofilament triplet as well as other, as yet undefined retinal antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Rosberger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Fudenberg HH, Pizza G. Transfer factor 1993: new frontiers. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 1994; 42:309-400. [PMID: 8085011 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7153-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H H Fudenberg
- NeuroImmuno Therapeutics Research Foundation, Spartanburg, SC
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Gurne DH, Tso MO, Edward DP, Ripps H. Antiretinal antibodies in serum of patients with age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 1991; 98:602-7. [PMID: 1905796 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies, immunoreactive with normal human retinal proteins, were detected by Western immunoblot analysis in the sera of 30 patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Sera from 14 of these patients demonstrated positive binding predominantly to a doublet protein of molecular weight between 58 and 62 kD. The sera from the remaining 16 patients and from 12 control subjects reacted either weakly or not at all with the doublet protein. No correlation was found with any specific type of AMD. The serum antibodies also immunocrossreacted with the same proteins from isolated photoreceptor outer segments; this was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence on intact retinas. The crossreactivity of the serum antibodies with a protein of Mr 58 to 62 kD, the lower band present in the bovine purified neurofilament-68 kD preparation, suggests strongly that this protein may be a component of the neuronal cytoskeleton. However, it is not clear whether these autoantibodies play a direct role in the etiology of AMD or represent a nonspecific response to retinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Gurne
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago 60612
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Polans AS, Buczyłko J, Crabb J, Palczewski K. A photoreceptor calcium binding protein is recognized by autoantibodies obtained from patients with cancer-associated retinopathy. J Cell Biol 1991; 112:981-9. [PMID: 1999465 PMCID: PMC2288874 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.112.5.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR), a paraneoplastic syndrome, is characterized by the degeneration of retinal photoreceptors under conditions where the tumor and its metastases have not invaded the eye. The retinopathy often is apparent before the diagnosis of cancer and may be associated with autoantibodies that react with specific sites in the retina. We have examined the sera from patients with CAR to further characterize the retinal antigen. Western blot analysis of human retinal proteins reveals a prominent band at 26 kD that is labeled by the CAR antisera. Antibodies to the 26-kD protein were affinity-purified from complex CAR antisera and used for EM-immunocytochemical localization of the protein to the nuclei, inner and outer segments of both rod and cone cells. Other antibodies obtained from the CAR sera did not label photoreceptors. Using the affinity-purified antibodies for detection, the 26-kD protein, designated p26, was purified to homogeneity from the outer segments of bovine rod photoreceptor cells by Phenyl-Sepharose and ion exchange chromatography. Partial amino acid sequence of p26 was determined by gas phase Edman degradation and revealed extensive homology with a cone-specific protein, visinin. Based upon structural relatedness, both the p26 rod protein and visinin are members of the calmodulin family and contain calcium binding domains of the E-F hand structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Polans
- R. S. Dow Neurological Sciences Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital and Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97209
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Singh VK, Fudenberg HH, Emerson D, Coleman M. Immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy in autistic children. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1988; 540:602-4. [PMID: 3144935 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb27186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V K Singh
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425
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Fudenberg HH, Singh VK. Alzheimer's ?syndrome?: Prognosis of subsets with different etiology and preliminary effects of immunotherapy. Drug Dev Res 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.430150209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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