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Lee CY, Khan G, Hyun DY, Kim SH, Park ES. Effect of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived mitochondrial transplantation on ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e70022. [PMID: 39221632 PMCID: PMC11367251 DOI: 10.1111/srt.70022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advancements in reconstructive procedures, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a significant challenge in reconstructive surgery, with mitochondrial dysfunction playing a pivotal role. Mitochondrial transplantation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to address this issue. This study aims to evaluate the impact of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived mitochondrial transplantation on skin flap I/R models in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty male rats underwent I/R injury on skin flaps, with or without mitochondrial transplantation administered via intravenous or subcutaneous routes. Analysis encompassed histopathology, inflammatory, apoptotic, oxidative stress, and hypoxia markers. RESULTS Results revealed a reduction in inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and hypoxia in the transplantation group compared to controls. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived mitochondrial transplantation shows promise in enhancing flap viability and attenuating I/R injury, offering valuable insights for improved outcomes in reconstructive surgery. However, further exploration in larger animal models and refinement of delivery methods and dosage are warranted to fully elucidate its clinical translatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Yeong Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySoonchunhyang University Bucheon HospitalSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineBucheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Galina Khan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySoonchunhyang University Bucheon HospitalSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineBucheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Hyun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySoonchunhyang University Bucheon HospitalSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineBucheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySoonchunhyang University Bucheon HospitalSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineBucheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySoonchunhyang University Bucheon HospitalSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineBucheonRepublic of Korea
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Usuda H, Ikeda H, Watanabe S, Sato S, Fee EL, Carter SWD, Kumagai Y, Saito Y, Takahashi T, Takahashi Y, Kawamura S, Hanita T, Saito M, Kikuchi A, Choolani MA, Yaegashi N, Kemp MW. Artificial placenta support of extremely preterm ovine fetuses at the border of viability for up to 336 hours with maintenance of systemic circulation but reduced somatic and organ growth. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1219185. [PMID: 37692998 PMCID: PMC10484719 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1219185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Artificial placenta therapy (APT) is an experimental life support system to improve outcomes for extremely preterm infants (EPI) less than 1,000 g by obviating the need for pulmonary gas exchange. There are presently no long-term survival data for EPI supported with APT. To address this, we aimed to maintain 95d-GA (GA; term-150d) sheep fetuses for up to 2 weeks using our APT system. Methods: Pregnant ewes (n = 6) carrying singleton fetuses underwent surgical delivery at 95d GA. Fetuses were adapted to APT and maintained for up to 2 weeks with constant monitoring of key physiological parameters and extensive time-course blood and urine sampling, and ultrasound assessments. Six age-matched in-utero fetuses served as controls. Data were tested for group differences with ANOVA. Results: Six APT Group fetuses (100%) were adapted to APT successfully. The mean BW at the initiation of APT was 656 ± 42 g. Mean survival was 250 ± 72 h (Max 336 h) with systemic circulation and key physiological parameters maintained mostly within normal ranges. APT fetuses had active movements and urine output constantly exceeded infusion volume over the experiment. At delivery, there were no differences in BW (with edema in three APT group animals), brain weight, or femur length between APT and in-utero Control animals. Organ weights and humerus lengths were significantly reduced in the APT group (p < 0.05). Albumin, IGF-1, and phosphorus were significantly decreased in the APT group (p < 0.05). No cases of positive blood culture were detected. Conclusion: We report the longest use of APT to maintain extremely preterm fetuses to date. Fetal systemic circulation was maintained without infection, but growth was abnormal. This achievement suggests a need to focus not only on cardiovascular stability and health but also on the optimization of fetal growth and organ development. This new challenge will need to be overcome prior to the clinical translation of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Usuda
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ikeda
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shimpei Watanabe
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Erin L. Fee
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Sean W. D. Carter
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yusaku Kumagai
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuya Saito
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Takahashi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Takushi Hanita
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kikuchi
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mahesh A. Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Matthew W. Kemp
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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3
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Meurisse N, Mertens M, Fieuws S, Gilbo N, Jochmans I, Pirenne J, Monbaliu D. Effect of a Combined Drug Approach on the Severity of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury During Liver Transplant: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e230819. [PMID: 36853611 PMCID: PMC9975910 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.0819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In a porcine model of liver transplant, a combined drug approach that targeted the donor graft and graft recipient reduced ischemia-reperfusion injury, a major hurdle to the success of liver transplant. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a clinical form of a perioperative combined drug approach delivered immediately before implantation to the procured liver and to the liver recipient on the degree of ischemia-reperfusion injury. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This unicentric, investigator-driven, open-label randomized clinical trial with 2 parallel arms was conducted in Belgium from September 2013 through February 2018, with 1-year follow-up. Adults wait-listed for a first solitary full-size liver transplant were screened for eligibility. Exclusion criteria were acute liver failure, kidney failure, contraindication to treatment, participation in another trial, refusal, technical issues, and death while awaiting transplant. Included patients were enrolled and randomized at the time of liver offer. Data were analyzed from May 20, 2019, to May 27, 2020. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to a combined drug approach with standard of care (static cold storage) or standard of care only (control group). In the combined drug approach group, following static cold preservation, donor livers were infused with epoprostenol (ex situ, portal vein); recipients were given oral α-tocopherol and melatonin prior to anesthesia and intravenous antithrombin III, infliximab, apotransferrin, recombinant erythropoietin-β, C1-inhibitor, and glutathione during the anhepatic and reperfusion phase. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the posttransplant peak serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level within the first 72 hours. Secondary end points were the frequencies of postreperfusion syndrome, ischemia-reperfusion injury score, early allograft dysfunction, surgical complications, ischemic cholangiopathy, acute kidney injury, acute cellular rejection, and graft and patient survival. RESULTS Of 93 randomized patients, 21 were excluded, resulting in 72 patients (36 per study arm) in the per protocol analysis (median recipient age, 60 years [IQR, 51.7-66.2 years]; 52 [72.2%] men). Peak AST serum levels were not different in the combined drug approach and control groups (geometric mean, 1262.9 U/L [95% CI, 946.3-1685.4 U/L] vs 1451.2 U/L [95% CI, 1087.4-1936.7 U/L]; geometric mean ratio, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.58-1.31]; P = .49) (to convert AST to μkat/L, multiply by 0.0167). There also were no significant differences in the secondary end points between the groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this randomized clinical trial, the combined drug approach targeting the post-cold storage graft and the recipient did not decrease ischemic-reperfusion injury. The findings suggest that in addition to a downstream strategy that targets the preimplantation liver graft and the graft recipient, a clinically effective combined drug approach may need to include an upstream strategy that targets the donor graft during preservation. Dynamic preservation strategies may provide an appropriate delivery platform. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02251041.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Meurisse
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery and Transplant Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation, CHU de Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Markoen Mertens
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery and Transplant Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steffen Fieuws
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery and Transplant Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicholas Gilbo
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery and Transplant Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ina Jochmans
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery and Transplant Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacques Pirenne
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery and Transplant Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diethard Monbaliu
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery and Transplant Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Latha K, Patel Y, Rao S, Watford WT. The Influenza-Induced Pulmonary Inflammatory Exudate in Susceptible Tpl2-Deficient Mice Is Dictated by Type I IFN Signaling. Inflammation 2023; 46:322-341. [PMID: 36227523 PMCID: PMC9558022 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The most prominent host response to viral infection is the production of type 1 interferons (T1 IFNs). One host regulator of the T1 IFNs is the serine-threonine kinase, tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2). We have previously demonstrated that Tpl2-/- mice succumb to infection with a low-pathogenicity influenza A strain (x31), in association with with increased pulmonary levels of interferon-β (IFN-β), chemokine CCL2, and excessive monocyte and neutrophil pulmonary infiltration. TPL2-dependent overexpression of IFN-β has been implicated in enhanced susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis; therefore, we examined the role of T1 IFNs in susceptibility of Tpl2-/- mice to influenza. CCL2 overexpression and monocyte recruitment were normalized in Ifnar1-/-Tpl2-/- mice, confirming that TPL2 constrains inflammatory monocyte recruitment via inhibition of the T1 IFN/CCL2 axis. Unexpectedly, excessive neutrophil recruitment in Ifnar1-/- strains was further exacerbated by simultaneous TPL2 genetic ablation in Ifnar1-/-Tpl2-/- by 7 dpi, accompanied by overexpression of neutrophil-regulating cytokines, CXCL1 and IFN-λ. Collectively, our data suggest that TPL2 and T1 IFNs synergize to inhibit neutrophil recruitment. However, treatment with the neutrophil-depleting anti-Ly6G antibody showed only a modest improvement in disease. Analysis of sorted innate immune populations revealed redundant expression of inflammatory mediators among neutrophils, inflammatory monocytes and alveolar macrophages. These findings suggest that targeting a single cell type or mediator may be inadequate to control severe disease characterized by a mixed inflammatory exudate. Future studies will consider TPL2-regulated pathways as potential predictors of severe influenza progression as well as investigate novel methods to modulate TPL2 function during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Latha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Yesha Patel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Sanjana Rao
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Wendy T. Watford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
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Kulenkampff C, Kleintjes WG, Kotzee EP, Kankam H. Protocol for clinical diagnosis and empiric treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in severely burned patients: observations and literature review. Scars Burn Heal 2023; 9:20595131231175794. [PMID: 37600961 PMCID: PMC10433730 DOI: 10.1177/20595131231175794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis is a prevalent concomitant infection and cause for mortality in burns patients in Sub-Saharan Africa. First line laboratory diagnostic studies for pulmonary tuberculosis are often negative in these patients and if relied on, result in high mortality. The purpose of this report is to share our experience with a novel protocol of empiric treatment of clinically suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in severely burned patients with negative GeneXpert tests in a tertiary burns centre and to present a brief literature review on the topic. Methods A retrospective chart review of all patients, who sustained thermal injury with an inhalation component, with negative GeneXpert tests who were treated empirically for pulmonary tuberculosis over a five-year period (2015-2020) was performed. Additionally, a literature search was performed on Medline (PubMed), Cochrane and Google Scholar databases. Results Over the five-year period, 20 patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis and severe burns requiring ventilation were managed according to the protocol and all survived to discharge. The literature search identified six factors that explain the consequence of pulmonary tuberculosis in severely burned patients and provide a hypothesis for the negative laboratory studies encountered. Conclusion There was an improved outcome for patients with the clinical diagnosis of reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis when they were started on empirical pulmonary tuberculosis treatment. There are several potential mechanisms that can contribute to reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis in susceptible severely burned patients. The GeneXpert test should not be relied upon in these patients for a diagnosis, but rather all other clinical evidence should inform management. Lay Summary From the current literature evidence most patients who have severe burns complicated by a secondary infection known as pulmonary (lung) tuberculosis, die as a result. The purpose of this report is to share our experience with treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis during a five-year period, from 2015 to 2020, in a specialized adult tertiary burn center. Severely burned patients who were suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis and received treatment despite having negative laboratory tests for pulmonary tuberculosis, had a better survival rate than expected. A brief literature review on the topic of pulmonary tuberculosis and severe burns was done to investigate causes for reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis and negative laboratory studies in these patients.The literature search identified the following factors that can potentially affect the reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis in severely burned patients: decreased immune system; secondary infections; low blood albumin(protein) levels; decreased clearance of bacteria from the airways, the development of pulmonary tuberculosis biofilms (capsules that protect the bacteria from chemicals and antibiotics) and the role of a fat molecule called phosphatidylinositol mannoside in pulmonary tuberculosis.In conclusion, the pulmonary tuberculosis test should not be relied upon in these patients, but rather all the clinical evidence such X-ray changes in association with difficulty to wean the patient off the ventilator should be used to inform treatment choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chane Kulenkampff
- The Birmingham Hand Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wayne G Kleintjes
- Western Cape Provincial Tertiary Adult Burn Unit, Division of Surgery, Tygerberg Hospital and Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edwin P Kotzee
- Western Cape Provincial Tertiary Adult Burn Unit, Division of Surgery, Tygerberg Hospital and Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hadyn Kankam
- The Birmingham Burns Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Gooneratne TD, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Wijeyaratne SM. Beneficial Effects of Insulin on Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Human Skeletal Muscle. Vasc Specialist Int 2022; 38:28. [PMID: 36216364 PMCID: PMC9550711 DOI: 10.5758/vsi.220018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exaggerated leucocyte activity is a crucial step in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). We tested the hypothesis that insulin, via its' anti-leukocyte activity, attenuates skeletal muscle IRI in humans. Materials and Methods This randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in patients with skeletal muscle ischemia who required revascularization. Treatment protocols were similar among them except for the insulin group, which received an infusion of insulin at 2.5 U/h. The degree of endothelial adhesiveness; leukocyte activity and pro-inflammatory status via P-selectin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in the venous effluent; and clinical outcomes were measured. Results Twenty-four consenting patients were randomized to the insulin or control group. There were no significant differences between the two groups except for the median serum insulin level, which was higher in the insulin group (P<0.01). No serious intervention-related adverse events were observed. P-selectin (55.04-99.86 pg/mL; P<0.001), MPO (110.8-160.6 pg/mL; P<0.001), and TNF-alpha (12.16-36.01 pg/mL; P<0.001) levels demonstrated a significant increase post-reperfusion in the 'control' group, reaching a peak value at 2 hours post-reperfusion. The increase in all three markers from baseline was significantly diminished in the insulin group at the two-hour (P-selectin, P=0.001; MPO, P=0.001; TNF-alpha, P=0.005) and four-hour (P-selectin, P=0.003; MPO, P=0.002; TNF-alpha, P=0.01) intervals. The differences in clinical outcomes between the insulin and control groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion In clinical practice, insulin has the potential to attenuate the severity of skeletal muscle IRI inhibiting P-selectin, MPO, and TNF-alpha levels.
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Asong-Fontem N, Panisello-Rosello A, Beghdadi N, Lopez A, Rosello-Catafau J, Adam R. Pre-Ischemic Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion Alleviates Protective Molecular Markers of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Liver. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:1954-1969. [PMID: 35961798 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To expand the pool of organs, hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE), one of the most promising perfusion protocols, is currently performed after cold storage (CS) at transplant centers (HOPE-END). We investigated a new timing for HOPE, hypothesizing that performing HOPE before CS (HOPE-PRE) could boost mitochondrial protection allowing the graft to better cope with the accumulation of oxidative stress during CS. We analyzed liver injuries at 3 different levels. Histologic analysis demonstrated that, compared to classical CS (CTRL), the HOPE-PRE group showed significantly less ischemic necrosis compared to CTRL vs HOPE-END. From a biochemical standpoint, transaminases were lower after 2 hours of reperfusion in the CTRL vs HOPE-PRE group, which marked decreased liver injury. qPCR analysis on 37 genes involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury revealed protection in HOPE-PRE and HOPE-END compared to CTRL mediated through similar pathways. However, the CTRL vs HOPE-PRE group demonstrated an increased transcriptional level for protective genes compared to the CTRL vs HOPE-END group. This study provides insights on novel biomarkers that could be used in the clinic to better characterize graft quality improving transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njikem Asong-Fontem
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Unité Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Arnau Panisello-Rosello
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nassiba Beghdadi
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Unité Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Center Hépato-Biliaire, APHP Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandre Lopez
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Unité Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Joan Rosello-Catafau
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - René Adam
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Unité Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Center Hépato-Biliaire, APHP Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
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8
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FAK mediates LPS-induced inflammatory lung injury through interacting TAK1 and activating TAK1-NFκB pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:589. [PMID: 35803916 PMCID: PMC9270420 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), characterized by inflammatory damage, is a major clinical challenge. Developing specific treatment options for ALI requires the identification of novel targetable signaling pathways. Recent studies reported that endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced a TLR4-dependent activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, suggesting that FAK may be involved in LPS-induced inflammatory responses. Here, we investigated the involvement and mechanism of FAK in mediating LPS-induced inflammation and ALI. We show that LPS phosphorylates FAK in macrophages. Either FAK inhibitor, site-directly mutation, or siRNA knockdown of FAK significantly suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. FAK inhibition also blocked LPS-induced activation of MAPKs and NFκB. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that activated FAK directly interacts with transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1), an upstream kinase of MAPKs and NFκB, and then phosphorylates TAK1 at Ser412. In a mouse model of LPS-induced ALI, pharmacological inhibition of FAK suppressed FAK/TAK activation and inflammatory response in lung tissues. These activities resulted in the preservation of lung tissues in LPS-challenged mice and increased survival during LPS-induced septic shock. Collectively, our results illustrate a novel FAK-TAK1-NFκB signaling axis in LPS-induced inflammation and ALI, and support FAK as a potential target for the treatment of ALI.
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Ailenberg M, Kapus A, Leung CH, Szaszi K, Williams P, diCiano-Oliveira C, Marshall JC, Rotstein OD. ACTIVATION OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL ANTIVIRAL SIGNALING PROTEIN (MAVS) FOLLOWING LIVER ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION AND ITS EFFECT ON INFLAMMATION AND INJURY. Shock 2022; 58:78-89. [PMID: 35670454 PMCID: PMC9415233 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Resuscitation of trauma patients after hemorrhagic shock causes global I/R, which may contribute to organ dysfunction. Oxidative stress resulting from I/R is known to induce signaling pathways leading to the production of inflammatory molecules culminating in organ dysfunction/injury. Our recent work demonstrated that oxidative stress was able to induce activation of the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), a protein known to be involved in antiviral immunity, in an in vitro model. We therefore hypothesized that the MAVS pathway might be involved in I/R-induced inflammation and injury. The present studies show that MAVS is activated in vivo by liver I/R and in vitro in RAW 264.7 cells by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). We utilized both in vivo (liver I/R in MAVS knockout mice) and in vitro (MAVS siRNA in RAW 264.7 cells followed by H/R) models to study the role of MAVS activation on downstream events. In vivo , we demonstrated augmented injury and inflammation in MAVS knockout mice compared with wild-type animals; as shown by increased hepatocellular injury, induction of hepatocyte apoptosis augmented plasma TNF-α levels. Further, in vitro silencing of MAVS by specific siRNA in RAW 264.7 and exposure of the cells to H/R caused activation of mitophagy. This may represent a compensatory response to increased liver inflammation. We conclude that activation of MAVS by hypoxia/reoxygenation dampens inflammation, potentially suggesting a novel target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menachem Ailenberg
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital and the Departments of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital and the University of Toronto
| | - Andras Kapus
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital and the Departments of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital and the University of Toronto
| | - Chung Ho Leung
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital and the Departments of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital and the University of Toronto
| | - Katalin Szaszi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital and the Departments of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital and the University of Toronto
| | - Philip Williams
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital and the Departments of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital and the University of Toronto
| | - Caterina diCiano-Oliveira
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital and the Departments of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital and the University of Toronto
| | - John C. Marshall
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital and the Departments of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital and the University of Toronto
| | - Ori D. Rotstein
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital and the Departments of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital and the University of Toronto
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10
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Development of (4-Phenylamino)quinazoline Alkylthiourea Derivatives as Novel NF-κB Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070778. [PMID: 35890077 PMCID: PMC9322122 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For many inflammatory diseases, new effective drugs with fewer side effects are needed. While it appears promising to target the activation of the central pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, many previously discovered agents suffered from cytotoxicity. In this study, new alkylthiourea quinazoline derivatives were developed that selectively inhibit the activation of NF-κB in macrophage-like THP−1 cells while showing low general cytotoxicity. One of the best compounds, 19, strongly inhibited the production of IL-6 (IC50 = 0.84 µM) and, less potently, of TNFα (IC50 = 4.0 µM); in comparison, the reference compound, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), showed IC50s of 1.1 and 11.4 µM, respectively. Interestingly, 19 was found to block the translocation of the NF-κB dimer to the nucleus, although its release from the IκB complex was unaffected. Furthermore, 19 suppressed the phosphorylation of NF-κB-p65 at Ser468 but not at Ser536; however, 19 did not inhibit any kinase involved in NF-κB activation. The only partial suppression of p65 phosphorylation might be associated with fewer side effects. Since several compounds selectively induced cell death in activated macrophage-like THP−1 cells, they might be particularly effective in various inflammatory diseases that are exacerbated by excess activated macrophages, such as arteriosclerosis and autoimmune diseases.
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11
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Yan LL, Ye LP, Chen YH, He SQ, Zhang CY, Mao XL, Li SW. The Influence of Microenvironment on Survival of Intraportal Transplanted Islets. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849580. [PMID: 35418988 PMCID: PMC8995531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical islet transplantation has the potential to cure type 1 diabetes. Despite recent therapeutic success, it is still uncommon because transplanted islets are damaged by multiple challenges, including instant blood mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR), inflammatory cytokines, hypoxia/reperfusion injury, and immune rejection. The transplantation microenvironment plays a vital role especially in intraportal islet transplantation. The identification and targeting of pathways that function as "master regulators" during deleterious inflammatory events after transplantation, and the induction of immune tolerance, are necessary to improve the survival of transplanted islets. In this article, we attempt to provide an overview of the influence of microenvironment on the survival of transplanted islets, as well as possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-ling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Li-ping Ye
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ya-hong Chen
- Health Management Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Sai-qin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Chen-yang Zhang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Xin-li Mao
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Shao-wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
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12
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Quercetin Liposomal Nanoformulation for Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010104. [PMID: 35057000 PMCID: PMC8779145 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common complication caused by inflammation and oxidative stress resulting from liver surgery. Current therapeutic strategies do not present the desirable efficacy, and severe side effects can occur. To overcome these drawbacks, new therapeutic alternatives are necessary. Drug delivery nanosystems have been explored due to their capacity to improve the therapeutic index of conventional drugs. Within nanocarriers, liposomes are one of the most successful, with several formulations currently in the market. As improved therapeutic outcomes have been demonstrated by using liposomes as drug carriers, this nanosystem was used to deliver quercetin, a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, in hepatic IRI treatment. In the present work, a stable quercetin liposomal formulation was developed and characterized. Additionally, an in vitro model of ischemia and reperfusion was developed with a hypoxia chamber, where the anti-inflammatory potential of liposomal quercetin was evaluated, revealing the downregulation of pro-inflammatory markers. The anti-inflammatory effect of quercetin liposomes was also assessed in vivo in a rat model of hepatic IRI, in which a decrease in inflammation markers and enhanced recovery were observed. These results demonstrate that quercetin liposomes may provide a significant tool for addressing the current bottlenecks in hepatic IRI treatment.
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13
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Chen Z, Lin R, Zhuo H, Xu F, Liu X. Intravenous immunoglobulin is effective in alleviating hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury: a rat model study. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:341-349. [PMID: 34727292 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) is an important factor affecting the prognosis of patients undergoing liver surgery. This study aimed to explore the value of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in hepatic I/R and its mechanism in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty eight adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into six groups randomly: (1-2) treated with normal saline (NS) without ischemia or reperfusion; (3-4) treated with NS + 30 min ischemia; (5-6) treated with IVIG + 30 min ischemia. Rats of group 1/3/5 were euthanized at 12 h after operation (sham + NS + 12 h, I/R + NS + 12 h, I/R + IVIG + 12 h group) while group 2/4/6 were euthanized at 24 h (sham + NS + 24 h, I/R + NS + 24 h, I/R + IVIG + 24 h group). Interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were quantified as well as serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Hepatic pathological changes were observed while nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), Inhibitory Subunit of NF Kappa B Alpha (IKB-alpha) and cleaved caspase-3 were detected. CONCLUSION ALT, AST, IL-6, TNF-alpha, NF-κB p65 and cleaved caspase-3 were increased by I/R whereas IL-10 and IKB-alpha were decreased. However, IVIG pretreatment reduced ALT, AST, IL-6, TNF-alpha, NF-κB p65 and cleaved caspase-3, but increased IL-10 and IKB-alpha. IVIG treatment attenuates the infiltration of inflammatory cell and cell apoptosis which were observed in I/R groups. IVIG may alleviate hepatic I/R in rats by inhibiting the classical NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing IL-6, TNF-alpha, promoting IL-10, and inhibiting cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Chen
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Runzhui Lin
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hua Zhuo
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Fengjie Xu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xingmu Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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14
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Zhao X, Xu B, Duan W, Chang L, Tan R, Sun Z, Ye Z. Insights into Exosome in the Intervertebral Disc: Emerging Role for Disc Homeostasis and Normal Function. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1695-1705. [PMID: 36237988 PMCID: PMC9553858 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.75285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a chronic condition that causes great individual suffering and economic burden. The major contributor of LBP is intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), which is caused by a spectrum of homeostasis alteration, including the apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) cells, degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), calcification of cartilaginous endplates (CEP) and so on. Currently, the therapeutic strategy for IDD includes conservative and surgery treatment. Nevertheless, none of them could reverse the progressive destruction of the intervertebral disc. Hence, it is pivotal to pursue a new therapeutic approach. Exosomes, nano-sized substances with diameters of 30-150 nm, can be synthesized and secreted by various types of cells. They play an important role in intercellular communication. Increasing evidence implicates that exosomes could impact the intracellular transcription activities, thereby inhibiting or accelerating the proliferation and apoptosis of cells. Thus, it is a new therapeutic source for IDD. This review chiefly focuses on generalizing and clarifying the roles of exosomes in the onset and deterioration of IDD, and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Western Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
| | - Benchi Xu
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Western Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
| | - Wei Duan
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Western Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
| | - Le Chang
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Western Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
| | - Rui Tan
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Western Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Western Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxu Ye
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Western Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
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15
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Kageyama S, Kadono K, Hirao H, Nakamura K, Ito T, Gjertson DW, Sosa RA, Reed EF, Kaldas FM, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Zhai Y. Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Allogeneic Liver Transplantation: A Role of CD4 T Cells in Early Allograft Injury. Transplantation 2021; 105:1989-1997. [PMID: 33065722 PMCID: PMC8046839 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major discrepancy between clinical and most experimental settings of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the allogenicity. METHODS In the current study, we first established a murine model of allogeneic orthotopic liver transplantation with extended cold ischemia time (18 h). Roles of CD4 T cells in the pathogenesis of IRI in liver allografts were determined using a depleting anti-CD4 antibody. The clinical relevance of CD4 as a marker of liver IRI was analyzed retrospectively in 55 liver transplant patients. RESULTS CD4 depletion in both donors and recipients resulted in the most effective protection of liver allografts from IRI, as measured by serum transaminase levels and liver histology. CD4 depletion inhibited IR-induced intragraft neutrophil/macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory gene expressions. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of human liver biopsies (2 h postreperfusion) revealed that posttransplant, rather than pretransplant, CD4 transcript levels correlated positively with proinflammatory gene expression profile. When we divided patients into subgroups according to intragraft CD4 levels, the high CD4 cohort developed a more severe hepatocellular damage than that with low CD4 levels. CONCLUSIONS CD4 T cells play a key pathogenic role in IRI of allogeneic liver transplants, and intragraft CD4 levels in the early postreperfusion phase may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target to ameliorate liver IRI and improve orthotopic liver transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Kageyama
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kentaro Kadono
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hirofumi Hirao
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kojiro Nakamura
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David W. Gjertson
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rebecca A. Sosa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elaine F. Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Fady M. Kaldas
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ronald W. Busuttil
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yuan Zhai
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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16
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How Machine Perfusion Ameliorates Hepatic Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147523. [PMID: 34299142 PMCID: PMC8307386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing disparity between the number of patients listed for transplantation and the number of suitable organs has led to the increasing use of extended criteria donors (ECDs). ECDs are at increased risk of developing ischaemia reperfusion injury and greater risk of post-transplant complications. Ischaemia reperfusion injury is a major complication of organ transplantation defined as the inflammatory changes seen following the disruption and restoration of blood flow to an organ—it is a multifactorial process with the potential to cause both local and systemic organ failure. The utilisation of machine perfusion under normothermic (37 degrees Celsius) and hypothermic (4–10 degrees Celsius) has proven to be a significant advancement in organ preservation and restoration. One of the key benefits is its ability to optimise suboptimal organs for successful transplantation. This review is focused on examining ischaemia reperfusion injury and how machine perfusion ameliorates the graft’s response to this.
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17
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Kim D, Kim B, Sim H, Lee TK, Tae HJ, Lee JC, Park JH, Cho JH, Won MH, Park Y, Ahn JH. Hypothermic treatment reduces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and damage in the liver following asphyxial cardiac arrest in rats. Lab Anim Res 2021; 37:16. [PMID: 34261545 PMCID: PMC8278717 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-021-00095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothermic treatment is known to protect organs against cardiac arrest (CA) and improves survival rate. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of hypothermia on CA-induced liver damages. This study was designed to analyzed the possible protective effects of hypothermia on the liver after asphyxial CA (ACA). Rats were randomly subjected to 5 min of ACA followed by return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Body temperature was controlled at 37 ± 0.5 °C (normothermia group) or 33 ± 0.5 °C (hypothermia group) for 4 h after ROSC. Liver tissues were extracted and examined at 6 h, 12 h, 1 day, and 2 days after ROSC. RESULTS The expression of infiltrated neutrophil marker CD11b and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP9) was investigated via immunohistochemistry. Morphological damage was assessed via hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining. Hypothermic treatment improved the survival rate at 6 h, 12 h, 1 day, and 2 days after ACA. Based on immunohistochemical analysis, the expression of CD11b and MMP9 was significantly increased from 6 h after ACA in the normothermia group. However, the expressions of CD11b and MMP9 was significantly decreased in the hypothermia group compared with that of the normothermia group. In addition, in the results of H & E, sinusoidal dilatation and vacuolization were apparent after ACA; however, these ACA-induced structural changes were reduced by the 4 h-long hypothermia. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, hypothermic treatment for 4 h inhibited the increases in CD11b and MMP9 expression and reduced the morphological damages in the liver following ACA in rats. This study suggests that hypothermic treatment after ACA reduces liver damages by regulating the expression of CD11b and MMP9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwi Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, and Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Sim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Chonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, and Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsoo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, and Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 50510, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Kuboki S, Furukawa K, Takayashiki T, Takano S, Miyazaki M, Ohtsuka M. Clinical implication of ICG test in major hepatectomy for biliary tract cancer. Minerva Surg 2021; 76:202-210. [PMID: 33890438 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5691.21.08580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major hepatectomy with bile duct resection (BDR) is associated with severe postoperative complications; therefore, evaluation of preoperative liver function is important. However, little is known about mechanisms of increased severe complications in patients with poor liver function. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether indocyanine green retention rate after 15 minutes of injection (ICG-R15) is useful for predicting the risk of severe postoperative complications in this operation, and to reveal the mechanisms of increasing severe complications by focusing on immune function and liver regeneration after hepatectomy. METHODS Patients receiving major hepatectomy with BDR between 2000 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Severe postoperative complications were defined as Clavien-Dindo grade ≥IV. RESULTS In 284 patients undergoing major hepatectomy with BDR, ICG-R15 was correlated with severe postoperative complications, with cut-off value of 11.8%. In brief, the incidences of hyperbilirubinemia, coagulopathy, liver failure, respiratory failure, severe complications, and mortality were higher in the high ICG-R15 group. Moreover, high ICG-R15 (≥11.8%) was an independent factor for predicting severe complications after major hepatectomy with BDR. Immune dysfunction in the early phase after operation, prolonged postoperative immunosuppression, and delayed liver regeneration were reasons for increasing severe postoperative complications in patients with high ICG-R15. CONCLUSIONS High ICG-R15 is an independent risk factor for severe complications after major hepatectomy with BDR, and its cut-off value is 11.8%. Compromised condition and delayed liver regeneration induced by immune dysfunction are reasons of increased severe postoperative complications in patients with high ICG-R15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kuboki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan -
| | - Katsunori Furukawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Takayashiki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Takano
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Digestive Diseases Center, Mita Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohtsuka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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19
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Park Y, Ahn JH, Cho JH, Tae HJ, Lee TK, Kim B, Lee JC, Park JH, Shin MC, Ohk TG, Cho JH, Won MH. Effects of hypothermia on inflammatory cytokine expression in rat liver following asphyxial cardiac arrest. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:626. [PMID: 33968162 PMCID: PMC8097226 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothermic treatment is known to protect against cardiac arrest (CA) and improve survival rate. However, few studies have evaluated the CA-induced liver damage and the effects of hypothermia on this damage. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine possible protective effects of hypothermia on the liver after asphyxial CA. Rats were subjected to a 5-min asphyxial CA followed by return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The body temperature was controlled at 37±0.5˚C (normothermia group) or 33±0.5˚C (hypothermia group) for 4 h after ROSC. Livers were examined at 6, 12 h, 1 and 2 days after ROSC. Histopathological examination was performed by H&E staining. Alterations in the expression levels of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α and interleukin IL-2) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Sinusoidal dilatation and vacuolization were observed after asphyxial CA by histopathological examination. However, these CA-induced structural alterations were prevented by hypothermia. In immunohistochemical examination, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were reduced in the hypothermia group compared with those in the normothermia group while the expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines were increased in the hypothermia group compared with those in the normothermia group. In conclusion, hypothermic treatment for 4 h following asphyxial CA in rats inhibited the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines compared with the normothermic group. The results of the present study suggested that hypothermic treatment after asphyxial CA reduced liver damage via the regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsoo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50510, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Geun Ohk
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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20
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Anti-CD321 antibody immunotherapy protects liver against ischemia and reperfusion-induced injury. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6312. [PMID: 33737554 PMCID: PMC7973783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of the liver transplant patients was frequently deteriorated by ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) in the liver. Infiltration of inflammatory cells is reported to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of hepatic IRI. Although T lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes infiltrated into the liver underwent IRI, we found that neutrophil depletion significantly attenuated the injury and serum liver enzyme levels in a murine model. Interestingly, the expression of CD321/JAM-A/F11R, one of essential molecules for transmigration of circulating leukocytes into inflammatory tissues, was significantly augmented on hepatic sinusoid endothelium at 1 h after ischemia and maintained until 45 min after reperfusion. The intraportal administration of anti-CD321 monoclonal antibody (90G4) significantly inhibited the leukocytes infiltration after reperfusion and diminished the damage responses by hepatic IRI (serum liver enzymes, inflammatory cytokines and hepatocyte cell death). Taken together, presented results demonstrated that blockade of CD321 by 90G4 antibody significantly attenuated hepatic IRI accompanied with substantial inhibition of leukocytes infiltration, particularly inhibition of neutrophil infiltration in the early phase of reperfusion. Thus, our work offers a potent therapeutic target, CD321, for preventing liver IRI.
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Protective Effects of Human Liver Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in a Mouse Model of Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:459-470. [PMID: 33269415 PMCID: PMC8036187 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is observed in liver transplantation and hepato-biliary surgery and is associated with an inflammatory response. Human liver stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (HLSC-EV) have been demonstrated to reduce liver damage in different experimental settings by accelerating regeneration and by modulating inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether HLSC-EV may protect liver from IRI in a mouse experimental model. Segmental IRI was obtained by selective clamping of intrahepatic pedicles for 90 min followed by 6 h of reperfusion. HLSC-EV were administered intravenously at the end of the ischemic period and histopathological and biochemical alterations were evaluated in comparison with controls injected with vehicle alone. Intra liver localization of labeled HLSC-EV was assessed by in in vivo Imaging System (IVIS) and the internalization into hepatocytes was confirmed by fluorescence analyses. As compared to the control group, administration of 3 × 109 particles (EV1 group) significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, necrosis extension and cytokines expression (TNF-α, CCL-2 and CXCL-10). However, the administration of an increased dose of HLSC-EV (7.5 × 109 particles, EV2 group) showed no significant improvement in respect to controls at enzyme and histology levels, despite a significantly lower cytokine expression. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that 3 × 109 HLSC-EV were able to modulate hepatic IRI by preserving tissue integrity and by reducing transaminases release and inflammatory cytokines expression. By contrast, a higher dose was ineffective suggesting a restricted window of biological activity. Graphical abstract ![]()
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22
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Ni M, Zhou H, Zhang J, Jin D, Lu T, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Wang X, Zhai Y. Isoform- and Cell Type-Specific Roles of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 N-Terminal Serine Phosphorylation in Liver Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1147-1156. [PMID: 32680958 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (Gsk3) α and β are both constitutively active and inhibited upon stimulation by N-terminal serine phosphorylation. Although roles of active Gsk3 in liver ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) have been well appreciated, whether Gsk3 N-terminal serine phosphorylation has any functional significance in the disease process remains unclear. In a murine liver partial warm ischemia model, we studied Gsk3 N-terminal serine mutant knock-in (KI) mice and showed that liver IRI was decreased in Gsk3αS21A but increased in Gsk3βS9A mutant KI mice. Bone marrow chimeric experiments revealed that the Gsk3α, but not β, mutation in liver parenchyma protected from IRI, and both mutations in bone marrow-derived cells exacerbated liver injuries. Mechanistically, mutant Gsk3α protected hepatocytes from inflammatory (TNF-α) cell death by the activation of HIV-1 TAT-interactive protein 60 (TIP60)-mediated autophagy pathway. The pharmacological inhibition of TIP60 or autophagy diminished the protection of the Gsk3α mutant hepatocytes from inflammatory cell death in vitro and the Gsk3α mutant KI mice from liver IRI in vivo. Thus, Gsk3 N-terminal serine phosphorylation inhibits liver innate immune activation but suppresses hepatocyte autophagy in response to inflammation. Gsk3 αS21, but not βS9, mutation is sufficient to sustain Gsk4 activities in hepatocytes and protect livers from IRI via TIP60 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ni
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Dan Jin
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China; and
| | - Tianfei Lu
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ronald W Busuttil
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China;
| | - Yuan Zhai
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
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Vanillin protects lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB pathway. Future Med Chem 2020; 11:2081-2094. [PMID: 31538519 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Thus far, the anti-inflammatory effect of vanillin in acute lung injury (ALI) has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vanillin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Results & methodology: Our study detected the anti-inflammatory effects of vanillin by ELISA and western blot, respectively. Pretreatment of mice with vanillin significantly attenuated LPS-stimulated lung histopathological changes, myeloperoxidase activity and expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the phosphorylation activities of ERK1/2, p38, AKT and NF-κB p65. In addition, vanillin inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 expression in RAW264.7 cells via ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB signaling. Conclusion: Vanillin can inhibit macrophage activation and lung inflammation, which suggests new insights for clinical treatment of ALI.
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Chronic treatment with rofecoxib but not ischemic preconditioning of the myocardium ameliorates early intestinal damage following cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114099. [PMID: 32540483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is some recent evidence that cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induces intestinal damage within days, which contributes to adverse cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction. However, it is not clear whether remote gut injury has any detectable early signs, and whether different interventions aiming to reduce cardiac damage are also effective at protecting the intestine. Previously, we found that chronic treatment with rofecoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), limited myocardial infarct size to a comparable extent as cardiac ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in rats subjected to 30-min coronary artery occlusion and 120-min reperfusion. In the present study, we aimed to analyse the early intestinal alterations caused by cardiac I/R injury, with or without the above-mentioned infart size-limiting interventions. We found that cardiac I/R injury induced histological changes in the small intestine within 2 h, which were accompanied by elevated tissue level of COX-2 and showed positive correlation with the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), but not of MMP-9 in the plasma. All these changes were prevented by rofecoxib treatment. By contrast, cardiac IPC failed to reduce intestinal injury and plasma MMP-2 activity, although it prevented the transient reduction in jejunal blood flow in response to cardiac I/R. Our results demonstrate for the first time that rapid development of intestinal damage follows cardiac I/R, and that two similarly effective infarct size-limiting interventions, rofecoxib treatment and cardiac IPC, have different impacts on cardiac I/R-induced gut injury. Furthermore, intestinal damage correlates with plasma MMP-2 activity, which may be a biomarker for its early diagnosis.
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25
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Sun X, Zhang T, Zhao Y, Cai E, Zhu H, Liu S. Panaxynol from Saposhnikovia diviaricata exhibits a hepatoprotective effect against lipopolysaccharide + D-Gal N induced acute liver injury by inhibiting Nf-κB/IκB-α and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:575-583. [PMID: 32295432 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1742932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of action of panaxynol (PAL) extract from the root of Saposhnikovia diviaricata (Turcz.) Schischk for treating acute liver injury caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-Gal N) in mice. A mouse model of acute liver failure induced by LPS/D-Gal N was established. Mice were divided randomly into three equal groups: control group, LPS/D-Gal N group and PAL group. After seven days of continuous PAL administration, all animals except controls were injected with 50 μg/kg LPS and 800 mg/kg D-Gal N; blood and liver samples were collected after 8 h. Compared to the LPS/D-Gal N group, the levels of catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase were increased in the liver of the PAL group. The inflammatory response index indicated that PAL attenuated LPS/D Gal N-induced liver pathological injury and decreased levels of hepatic malondialdehyde, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukins 1β and 6. PAL also inhibited LPS/D-Gal N induced nuclear factor-kappa B (Nf-κB), inhibitor kappa B-α (IκB-α) activation, and up-regulated Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. PAL can prevent LPS/D-Gal N induced acute liver injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 to stimulate antioxidant defense and inhibit the IkB-α/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialin Sun
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, China
| | - Tingwen Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, China
| | - Enbo Cai
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, China
| | - Shuangli Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, Jilin, China
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26
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Rabie MA, Zaki HF, Sayed HM. Telluric acid ameliorates hepatic ischemia reperfusion-induced injury in rats: Involvement of TLR4, Nrf2, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:404-411. [PMID: 31386827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In past tellurium-based compounds had limited use, however, their therapeutic potential have been target of interest recently due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities in experimental endotoxemia. Nevertheless, their potential hepatoprotective effect against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is still obscure. This study examined the possible hepatoprotective effect of telluric acid (TELL), one of tellurium-based compound, against the deteriorating effect hepatic IR injury in rats through directing toll like receptor-4 (TLR4) cascade, phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt axis, and nuclear erythroid-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) pathway as possible mechanisms contributed to TELL's effect. Indeed, male Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups: sham-operated, control IR and TELL (50 µg/kg). TELL was administrated once daily for seven consecutive days prior to the IR induction. Pretreatment with TELL attenuated hepatic IR injury as manifested by hampered plasma aminotransaminases and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Also, TELL opposed IR induced elevation in tissue expression/activity of high-mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB1), TLR4, myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88), phospho-nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (p-NF-κB p65), phospho-mitogen activated protein kinasep38 (p-MAPKp38) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Moreover, TELL reduced the elevated thiobarbituric acid reactive substances along with increased both Nrf-2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression, beside replenishment of hepatic reduced glutathione. In addition, TELL induced obvious upregulation of p-PI3K and p-Akt protein expressions together with restoration of histopathological changes in IR injury. In conclusion, TELL purveyed conceivable novel hepatoprotective mechanisms and attenuated events associated with acute hepatic injury via inhibition of TLR4 downstream axis and activation of Nrf-2 and PI3K/Akt signaling cascades. Thus, TELL may provide a novel therapeutic potential for complications of hepatic IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Rabie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Κasr El-Aini Str., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Κasr El-Aini Str., 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Helmy M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Κasr El-Aini Str., 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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27
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Malik G, Wilting J, Hess CF, Ramadori G, Malik IA. PECAM-1 modulates liver damage induced by synergistic effects of TNF-α and irradiation. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3336-3344. [PMID: 30761739 PMCID: PMC6484309 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of radiation‐induced liver damage are poorly understood. We investigated if tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α acts synergistically with irradiation, and how its activity is influenced by platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (PECAM‐1). We studied murine models of selective single‐dose (25 Gy) liver irradiation with and without TNF‐α application (2 μg/mouse; i.p.). In serum of wild‐type (wt)‐mice, irradiation induced a mild increase in hepatic damage marker aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in comparison to sham‐irradiated controls. AST levels further increased in mice treated with both irradiation and TNF‐α. Accordingly, elevated numbers of leucocytes and increased expression of the macrophage marker CD68 were observed in the liver of these mice. In parallel to hepatic damage, a consecutive decrease in expression of hepatic PECAM‐1 was found in mice that received radiation or TNF‐α treatment alone. The combination of radiation and TNF‐α induced an additional significant decline of PECAM‐1. Furthermore, increased expression of hepatic lipocalin‐2 (LCN‐2), a hepatoprotective protein, was detected at mRNA and protein levels after irradiation or TNF‐α treatment alone and the combination of both. Signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (STAT‐3) seems to be involved in the signalling cascade. To study the involvement of PECAM‐1 in hepatic damage more deeply, the liver of both wt‐ and PECAM‐1‐knock‐out‐mice were selectively irradiated (25 Gy). Thereby, ko‐mice showed higher liver damage as revealed by elevated AST levels, but also increased hepatoprotective LCN‐2 expression. Our studies show that TNF‐α has a pivotal role in radiation‐induced hepatic damage. It acts in concert with irradiation and its activity is modulated by PECAM‐1, which mediates pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesa Malik
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Wilting
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Clemens Friedrich Hess
- Clinic for Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Giuliano Ramadori
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ihtzaz Ahmed Malik
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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28
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Qian J, Chen X, Chen X, Sun C, Jiang Y, Qian Y, Zhang Y, Khan Z, Zhou J, Liang G, Zheng C. Kaempferol reduces K63-linked polyubiquitination to inhibit nuclear factor-κB and inflammatory responses in acute lung injury in mice. Toxicol Lett 2019; 306:53-60. [PMID: 30769083 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pose a major clinical challenge. The major driving force in this syndrome is pulmonary inflammation. Recent studies have shown that the naturally occurring flavonoid kaempferol (KPF) reduces endotoxin-induced inflammatory responses in mice. However, the mechanisms of these anti-inflammatory activities are not currently known. Here, we show that enhanced inflammatory cytokine production in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is due to increased TGF-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) phosphorylation with subsequent activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). KPF attenuates LPS-mediated production of cytokines as well as activation of NF-κB. Furthermore, we identified that KPF prevents increased K63-linked polyubiquitination on TNF receptor associated factor-6 (TRAF6) and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1). K63-linked polyubiquitination is a signal leading to enhanced activation of downstream pathways including TAK1. Our study shows that KPF is effective in reducing lung damage induced by LPS by modulating TRAF6 polyubiquitination. Furthermore, our findings may provide novel molecular targets to alleviate acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Chuchu Sun
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yuchen Jiang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Zia Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Jianmin Zhou
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Chao Zheng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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Yilmaz Y, Tumkaya L. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen and iloprost on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion induced acute lung injury. Ann Surg Treat Res 2019; 96:34-40. [PMID: 30603632 PMCID: PMC6306501 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2019.96.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To research the effects of iloprost (IL) and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) combination treatment on lung injury and on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) levels after tissue or organ ischemia-reperfusion, and on ischemia-reperfusion induced lung neutrophil sequestration. Methods Forty white New Zealand rabbits were assigned randomly into 5 groups: HBO, IL, HBO+IL, control, and sham groups. TNF-α values were checked before ischemia, in the 1st hour of ischemia and in the 1st and 4th hours of reperfusion, also at the end of reperfusion period, plasma and tissue MPO values, MDA values, and sICAM-1 levels were detected. After sacrifice, the degree of lung injury was determined by histopathological examination. Results Compared to the control group all therapy groups showed a drastically meaningful reduction in TNF-α increase in 1, 2, and 4 hours. Plasma and lung MDA, MPO, and sICAM-1 levels were significantly lower in IL, HBO, HBO+IL, and sham groups compared with the control group. IL and/or HBO suppressed MDA and MPO increase in the lung tissue and in plasma. Additionally, histopathological score was significantly lower in HBO, IL, HBO+IL, and sham groups than that of the control group. Conclusion Both HBO and IL therapy have a beneficial effect by causing a meaningful reduction in TNF-α production, MPO, MDA, sICAM-1 levels and pulmonary neutrophil sequestration; which play a role, especially, in ischemia reperfusion induced lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Yilmaz
- Department of General Surgery, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
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30
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Rampes S, Ma D. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in liver transplant setting: mechanisms and protective strategies. J Biomed Res 2019; 33:221-234. [PMID: 32383437 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.32.20180087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of liver transplant failure, and is of increasing significance due to increased use of expanded criteria livers for transplantation. This review summarizes the mechanisms and protective strategies for hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in the context of liver transplantation. Pharmacological therapies, the use of pre-and post-conditioning and machine perfusion are discussed as protective strategies. The use of machine perfusion offers significant potential in the reconditioning of liver grafts and the prevention of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, and is an exciting and active area of research, which needs more study clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanketh Rampes
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1U, UK
| | - Daqing Ma
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK
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31
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Rodríguez-Reynoso S, Leal-Cortés C, Portilla-de Buen E, López-De la Torre SP. Ischemic Preconditioning Preserves Liver Energy Charge and Function on Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:373-380. [PMID: 30554858 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell energy during ischemia/reperfusion depends on mechanisms including adenosine diphosphate degradation, oxygen species and cytokine liberation, neutrophil infiltration, and endothelial dysfunction. Preconditioning-a brief ischemic episode that confers a state of protection against subsequent ischemia-reperfusion injury-involves NO and adenosine production, reduction in oxygen species liberation, and preservation of microcirculation. During hypoxia, constitutive NO production assures adequate oxygen delivery and reduced energy loss. The aim was to determine the role of ischemic preconditioning in the stimulation of constitutive endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production and its effect on energy charge, radical oxygen species generation, cytokine liberation, and neutrophil infiltration during reperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were assigned to one of four groups depending on the preconditioning protocol: hepatic ischemia/reperfusion, or hepatic ischemia/reperfusion and ischemic preconditioning, for 5, 10, or 20 min. A portosystemic shunt was established between the portal and left jugular veins during ischemia. RESULTS Preconditioning produced rises in plasma nitrites, but no rise in inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression. A 5 or 10 min preconditioning period allowed for higher energy charge, bile production, and glutathione levels, with less lipoperoxide, alanine aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1 production and neutrophil infiltration, compared with 20 min or control. Survival was 80% in the G10 group, 70 in G5, 10 in GC, and 0% in the G20 group. CONCLUSIONS Ten-min liver preconditioning improves survival and prevents energy loss during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion by stimulating constitutive NO production, maintaining glutathione concentrations and reducing oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokine generation as well as neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rodríguez-Reynoso
- División de Investigación Quirúrgica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Caridad Leal-Cortés
- División de Investigación Quirúrgica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Eliseo Portilla-de Buen
- División de Investigación Quirúrgica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Selene Paulina López-De la Torre
- División de Investigación Quirúrgica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Tong Y, Yu Z, Zhang R, Ding X, Chen Z, Li Q. WISP1 mediates lung injury following hepatic ischemia reperfusion dependent on TLR4 in mice. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:189. [PMID: 30522479 PMCID: PMC6282316 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0744-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common pathological phenomenon, which causes hepatic injury as well as remote organ injuries such as the lung. Several mediators, such as oxidative stress, Ca2+ overload and neutrophil infiltration, have been implied in the pathogenesis of liver and remote organ injuries following reperfusion. WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) is an extracellular matrix protein that has been associated with the onset of several malignant diseases. Previous work in our group has demonstrated WISP1 is upregulated and contributes to proinflammatory cascades in hepatic IRI. However, the role of WISP1 in the pathogenesis of lung injury after hepatic IRI still remains unknown. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were used to examine the expression and role of WISP1 in the pathogenesis of lung injuries after hepatic IRI and explore its potential mechanisms in mediating lung injuries. RESULTS We found WISP1 was upregulated in lung tissues following hepatic IRI. Treatment with anti-WISP1 antibody ameliorated lung injuries with alteration of cytokine profiles. Administration with rWISP1 aggravated lung injuries following hepatic IRI through excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibition of anti-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we concluded that WISP1 contributed to lung injuries following hepatic IRI through TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhuang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Renlingzi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xibing Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhixia Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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Medium-Chain Triglycerides Attenuate Liver Injury in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Pigs by Inhibiting Necroptotic and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113697. [PMID: 30469452 PMCID: PMC6274951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate whether medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury by down-regulating necroptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways. A total of 24 pigs were randomly allotted to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design including diet (0 and 4% MCTs) and immunological challenge (saline and LPS). After three weeks of feeding with or without 4% MCTs, pigs were challenged with saline or LPS. MCTs led to a significant increase in eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and total (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations. MCTs attenuated LPS-induced liver injury as indicated by an improvement in liver histomorphology and ultrastructural morphology of hepatocytes, a reduction in serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities as well as an increase in claudin-1 protein expression. In addition, MCTs also reduced serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 concentrations, liver TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression and protein concentrations and enhanced liver heat shock protein 70 protein expression in LPS-challenged pigs. Moreover, MCTs decreased mRNA expression of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase (RIP) 3, mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) and phosphoglycerate mutase 5 and inhibited MLKL phosphorylation in the liver. Finally, MCTs decreased liver mRNA expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein (NOD) 1 and multiple downstream signaling molecules. MCTs also suppressed LPS-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and increased extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 phosphorylation in the liver. These results indicated that MCTs are capable of attenuating LPS-induced liver damage by suppressing hepatic necroptotic (RIP1/RIP3/MLKL) and inflammatory (TLR4/NOD1/p38 MAPK) signaling pathways.
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Woolbright BL, Jaeschke H. Mechanisms of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 4:346-357. [PMID: 30560047 PMCID: PMC6294466 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-018-0147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article provides a brief overview of mechanisms of inflammatory liver injury and how this applies to drug hepatotoxicity with a particular emphasis on the role of inflammation in acetaminophen-induced liver injury. RECENT FINDINGS Significant progress has been made in the last decade in our understanding of the initiation of sterile inflammation after necrotic cell death by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and their recognition by toll-like receptors and others on macrophages. These events trigger the formation of cytokines and chemokines directly or with assistance of inflammasome activation thereby activating and recruiting leukocytes including neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages into the necrotic areas. Although this sterile inflammatory response is mainly geared towards the removal of necrotic cell debris and preparation of regeneration, there are conditions where these innate immune cells can aggravate the initial injury. The mechanisms and controversial findings of the innate immunity are being discussed in detail. In contrast, drug metabolism and formation of a reactive metabolite that binds to proteins in the absence of extensive cell death, can induce an adaptive immune response, which eventually also results in severe liver injury. However, the initiating event appears to be the formation of protein adducts, which act as haptens to activate an adaptive immune response. Overall, these mechanisms are less well understood. SUMMARY The past decade has revolutionized our understanding of the mechanisms that control the interplay between cell death and innate or adaptive immune responses. This report provides an update on these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Zaki AM, El-Tanbouly DM, Abdelsalam RM, Zaki HF. Plumbagin ameliorates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: Role of high mobility group box 1 in inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:785-793. [PMID: 29990872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pathological process which magnifies with the ensuing inflammatory response and endures with the increase of oxidants especially during reperfusion. The present study was conducted to assess the possible modulatory effects of plumbagin, the active constituent extracted from the roots of traditional medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L., on the dire role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as well as the associated inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death following hepatic I/R. Four groups of rats were included: sham-operated, sham-operated treated with plumbagin, I/R (30 min ischemia and 1 h reperfusion) and I/R treated with plumbagin. Pretreatment with plumbagin markedly improved hepatic function and structural integrity compared to the I/R group, as manifested by depressed plasma transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities as well as alleviated tissue pathological lesions. Plumbagin prominently hampered HMGB1 expression and subsequently quelled inflammatory cascades, as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. It also interrupted reactive oxygen species (ROS)-HMGB1loop as evident by restored liver reduced glutathione (GSH), elevated glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, along with decreased liver lipid peroxidation. Simultaneously, plumbagin significantly ameliorated apoptosis by amending the mRNA expressions of both anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic (Bax). The present results revealed that plumbagin is endowed with hepatoprotective activity ascribed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties which are partially mediated through dampening of HMGB1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya M Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia M El-Tanbouly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rania M Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhu Q, Wang H, Jiang B, Ni X, Jiang L, Li C, Wang X, Zhang F, Ke B, Lu L. Loss of ATF3 exacerbates liver damage through the activation of mTOR/p70S6K/ HIF-1α signaling pathway in liver inflammatory injury. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:910. [PMID: 30185770 PMCID: PMC6125320 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress-induced transcription factor that plays important roles in regulating immune and metabolic homeostasis. Activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors are crucial for the regulation of immune cell function. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which the ATF3/mTOR/HIF-1 axis regulates immune responses in a liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) model. Deletion of ATF3 exacerbated liver damage, as evidenced by increased levels of serum ALT, intrahepatic macrophage/neutrophil trafficking, hepatocellular apoptosis, and the upregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators. ATF3 deficiency promoted mTOR and p70S6K phosphorylation, activated high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and TLR4, inhibited prolyl-hydroxylase 1 (PHD1), and increased HIF-1α activity, leading to Foxp3 downregulation and RORγt and IL-17A upregulation in IRI livers. Blocking mTOR or p70S6K in ATF3 knockout (KO) mice or bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) downregulated HMGB1, TLR4, and HIF-1α and upregulated PHD1, increasing Foxp3 and decreasing IL-17A levels in vitro. Silencing of HIF-1α in ATF3 KO mice ameliorated IRI-induced liver damage in parallel with the downregulation of IL-17A in ATF3-deficient mice. These findings demonstrated that ATF3 deficiency activated mTOR/p70S6K/HIF-1α signaling, which was crucial for the modulation of TLR4-driven inflammatory responses and T cell development. The present study provides potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of liver IRI followed by liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhao Ni
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longfeng Jiang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changyong Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bibo Ke
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Ling Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Bachmann S, Caldwell-Kenkel JC, Currin RT, Lichtman SN, Steffen R, Thurman RG, Lemasters JJ. Protection by pentoxifylline against graft failure from storage injury after orthotopic rat liver transplantation with arterialization. Transpl Int 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.1992.5.s1.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kawano K, Kim YI, Goto S, Kai T, Shimada T, Kamada N, Kobayashi M. FK 506 ameliorates normothermic liver ischemia in rats by suppressing production of tumor necrosis factor. Transpl Int 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.1992.5.s1.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Pirenne J, Noizat-Pirenne F, De Groote D, Vrindts Y, Lopez M, Gathy R, Damas P, Meurisse M, Jacquet N, Honoré P, Franchimont P. Intraoperative cytokines production during orthotopic liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.1992.5.s1.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Wang L, Tu Z, Wang H, Wang S, Wang X, Zhu H, Hu CAA, Liu Y. Flaxseed oil improves liver injury and inhibits necroptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways following lipopolysaccharide challenge in a piglet model. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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41
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Brücken A, Bleilevens C, Berger P, Nolte K, Gaisa NT, Rossaint R, Marx G, Derwall M, Fries M. Effects of inhaled nitric oxide on outcome after prolonged cardiac arrest in mild therapeutic hypothermia treated rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6743. [PMID: 29713000 PMCID: PMC5928159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Guidelines endorse targeted temperature management to reduce neurological sequelae and mortality after cardiac arrest (CA). Additional therapeutic approaches are lacking. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) given post systemic ischemia/reperfusion injury improves outcomes. Attenuated inflammation by iNO might be crucial in brain protection. iNO augmented mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) may improve outcome after CA exceeding the effect of MTH alone. Following ten minutes of CA and three minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive MTH at 33 °C for 6hrs or MTH + 20ppm iNO for 5hrs; one group served as normothermic control. During the experiment blood was taken for biochemical evaluation. A neurological deficit score was calculated daily for seven days post CA. On day seven, brains and hearts were harvested for histological evaluation. Treatment groups showed a significant decrease in lactate levels six hours post resuscitation in comparison to controls. TNF-α release was significantly lower in MTH + iNO treated animals only at four hours post ROSC. While only the combination of MTH and iNO improved neurological function in a statistically significant manner in comparison to controls on days 4–7 after CA, there was no significant difference between groups treated with MTH and MTH + iNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Brücken
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christian Bleilevens
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Berger
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kay Nolte
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine T Gaisa
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Derwall
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Fries
- Department of Anaesthesiology, St. Vincenz Hospital Limburg, Auf dem Schafsberg, 65549, Limburg, Germany
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Wohlrab P, Kraft F, Tretter V, Ullrich R, Markstaller K, Klein KU. Recent advances in understanding acute respiratory distress syndrome. F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 29568488 PMCID: PMC5840611 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11148.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by acute diffuse lung injury, which results in increased pulmonary vascular permeability and loss of aerated lung tissue. This causes bilateral opacity consistent with pulmonary edema, hypoxemia, increased venous admixture, and decreased lung compliance such that patients with ARDS need supportive care in the intensive care unit to maintain oxygenation and prevent adverse outcomes. Recently, advances in understanding the underlying pathophysiology of ARDS led to new approaches in managing these patients. In this review, we want to focus on recent scientific evidence in the field of ARDS research and discuss promising new developments in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wohlrab
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Kraft
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Tretter
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Ullrich
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Markstaller
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Ulrich Klein
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Trocha M, Merwid-Ląd A, Pieśniewska M, Kwiatkowska J, Fereniec-Gołębiewska L, Kowalski P, Szeląg A, Sozański T. Age-related differences in function and structure of rat livers subjected to ischemia/reperfusion. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:388-395. [PMID: 29593814 PMCID: PMC5868678 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.73470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver function is affected during ischemia/reperfusion (IR). The current state of knowledge about liver aging processes during IR is incomplete. We evaluated the effects of aging on liver structure and function under IR conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Animals were divided into control (C-2) and ischemia/reperfusion (IR-2) groups of young rats (2-4 months old) and C-12 and IR-12 groups of old rats (12-14 months old). The livers from IR-2 and IR-12 groups were subjected to partial ischemia (60 min), followed by global reperfusion (4 h). Blood samples were obtained during reperfusion (0, 30 and 240 min) to estimate the activity of aminotransferases (ALT, AST). After IR, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1b (IL-1b), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in liver homogenates. RESULTS At all points of reperfusion, an increase in aminotransferase activity levels in the ischemic groups was observed; mainly between IR-12 and C-12 rats. The concentration of TNF-α was significantly higher in young animals (in non-ischemic groups: p = 0.09, in ischemic groups: p = 0.05). Under IR conditions, the concentration of IL-1b dropped (p = 0.05). The concentration of MDA was significantly higher in mature animals (in non-ischemic groups: p = 0.09, in ischemic groups: p = 0.05). In ischemic groups an increase in necrosis rate was observed regardless of age. Rats in the IR-12 group showed the most pronounced changes in hepatic architecture, including increased micro- and macrosteatosis and parenchymal cell destruction. CONCLUSIONS The function and structure of mature livers slightly deteriorate with age and these differences are more noticeable under IR conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Trocha
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Merwid-Ląd
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Przemysław Kowalski
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species have long been implicated in the pathophysiology of acute liver injury. However, the translation of these findings to the clinic and the development of therapeutic agents have been slow mainly due to the poor mechanistic understanding of the pathophysiology and the many indirect approaches used to characterize the role of oxidant stress in liver injury. The current review discusses in depth the sources of reactive oxygen, the oxidants involved and the impact of this oxidant stress in the mechanism of cell death in 3 different clinically relevant acute liver injury models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Ferrigno A, Berardo C, Di Pasqua LG, Siciliano V, Richelmi P, Nicoletti F, Vairetti M. Selective Blockade of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor mGluR5 Protects Mouse Livers in In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E314. [PMID: 29360756 PMCID: PMC5855547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP), a negative allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 5, protects hepatocytes from ischemic injury. In astrocytes and microglia, MPEP depletes ATP. These findings seem to be self-contradictory, since ATP depletion is a fundamental stressor in ischemia. This study attempted to reconstruct the mechanism of MPEP-mediated ATP depletion and the consequences of ATP depletion on protection against ischemic injury. We compared the effects of MPEP and other mGluR5 negative modulators on ATP concentration when measured in rat hepatocytes and acellular solutions. We also evaluated the effects of mGluR5 blockade on viability in rat hepatocytes exposed to hypoxia. Furthermore, we studied the effects of MPEP treatment on mouse livers subjected to cold ischemia and warm ischemia reperfusion. We found that MPEP and 3-[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl]pyridine (MTEP) deplete ATP in hepatocytes and acellular solutions, unlike fenobam. This finding suggests that mGluR5s may not be involved, contrary to previous reports. MPEP, as well as MTEP and fenobam, improved hypoxic hepatocyte viability, suggesting that protection against ischemic injury is independent of ATP depletion. Significantly, MPEP protected mouse livers in two different ex vivo models of ischemia reperfusion injury, suggesting its possible protective deployment in the treatment of hepatic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ferrigno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Clarissa Berardo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Laura Giuseppina Di Pasqua
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Veronica Siciliano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Plinio Richelmi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Roma, Italy.
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy.
| | - Mariapia Vairetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Neutrophils: a cornerstone of liver ischemia and reperfusion injury. J Transl Med 2018; 98:51-62. [PMID: 28920945 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality due to graft rejection after liver transplantation. During IRI, an intense inflammatory process occurs in the liver. This hepatic inflammation is initiated by the ischemic period but occurs mainly during the reperfusion phase, and is characterized by a large neutrophil recruitment to the liver. Production of cytokines, chemokines, and danger signals results in activation of resident hepatocytes, leukocytes, and Kupffer cells. The role of neutrophils as the main amplifiers of liver injury in IRI has been recognized in many publications. Several studies have shown that elimination of excessive neutrophils or inhibition of their function leads to reduction of liver injury and inflammation. However, the mechanisms involved in neutrophil recruitment during liver IRI are not well known. In addition, the molecules necessary for this type of migration are poorly defined, as the liver presents an atypical sinusoidal vasculature in which the classical leukocyte migration paradigm only partially applies. This review summarizes recent advances in neutrophil-mediated liver damage, and its application to liver IRI. Basic mechanisms of activation of neutrophils and their unique mechanisms of recruitment into the liver vasculature are discussed. In particular, the role of danger signals, adhesion molecules, chemokines, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and metalloproteinases is explored. The precise definition of the molecular events that govern the recruitment of neutrophils and their movement into inflamed tissue may offer new therapeutic alternatives for hepatic injury by IRI and other inflammatory diseases of the liver.
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Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major complication of liver surgery, including liver resection, liver transplantation, and trauma surgery. Much has been learned about the inflammatory injury response induced by I/R, including the cascade of proinflammatory mediators and recruitment of activated leukocytes. In this review, we discuss the complex network of events that culminate in liver injury after I/R, including cellular, protein, and molecular mechanisms. In addition, we address the known endogenous regulatory mediators that function to maintain homeostasis and resolve injury. Finally, we cover more recent insights into how the liver repairs and regenerates after I/R injury, a setting in which physical mass remains unchanged, but functional liver mass is greatly reduced. In this regard, we focus on recent work highlighting a novel role of CXC chemokines as important regulators of hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration after I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Konishi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alex B. Lentsch
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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48
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Zhang T, Xiu HH, Liu JX, Ma Y, Xu KQ, Huang WQ. Protective effect of aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats: The role of miR-146b. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 51:140-147. [PMID: 28837866 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammatory responses play an important role in the tissue injury during liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). We previously reported that resolvin D1 (RvD1) administrated prior to hepatic I/R attenuates liver injury through inhibition of inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated the effects of the aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) on hepatic I/R and the role of miR-146b in this process. METHODS Partial warm ischemia was performed in the left and middle hepatic lobes of Sprague-Dawley rats for 1h, followed by 6h of reperfusion. Rats received either AT-RvD1 (5μg/kg), vehicle, or AT-RvD1+miR-146b antagomir by intravenous injection 30min before ischemia. Blood and tissue samples of the rats were collected after 6-h reperfusion. RESULTS Pretreatment with AT-RvD1 significantly diminished I/R-induced elevations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and significantly blunted the histological injury of the liver. Moreover, AT-RvD1 significantly inhibited inflammatory response, as indicated by attenuations of TNF-α and myeloperoxidase levels. Reduced apoptosis, and increased survival rate were observed in the AT-RvD1 group compared with the control I/R group. AT-RvD1 pretreatment increased miR-146b expression in the liver of the rats with hepatic I/R. Administration of miR-146b antagomir impaired the effects of AT-RvD1 on hepatic I/R injury in rats. Downregulation of miR-146b inhibited TRAF6 and NF-κB expression in liver. CONCLUSIONS Pre-administration of AT-RvD1 attenuates hepatic I/R injury partly through modulation of miR-146b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huan-Huan Xiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jia-Xin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kang-Qing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen-Qi Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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49
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Robertson FP, Fuller BJ, Davidson BR. An Evaluation of Ischaemic Preconditioning as a Method of Reducing Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury in Liver Surgery and Transplantation. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6070069. [PMID: 28708111 PMCID: PMC5532577 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6070069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver Ischaemia Reperfusion (IR) injury is a major cause of post-operative liver dysfunction, morbidity and mortality following liver resection surgery and transplantation. There are no proven therapies for IR injury in clinical practice and new approaches are required. Ischaemic Preconditioning (IPC) can be applied in both a direct and remote fashion and has been shown to ameliorate IR injury in small animal models. Its translation into clinical practice has been difficult, primarily by a lack of knowledge regarding the dominant protective mechanisms that it employs. A review of all current studies would suggest that IPC/RIPC relies on creating a small tissue injury resulting in the release of adenosine and l-arginine which act through the Adenosine receptors and the haem-oxygenase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase systems to reduce hepatocyte necrosis and improve the hepatic microcirculation post reperfusion. The next key step is to determine how long the stimulus requires to precondition humans to allow sufficient injury to occur to release the potential mediators. This would open the door to a new therapeutic chapter in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis P Robertson
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, 9th Floor, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK.
| | - Barry J Fuller
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, 9th Floor, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK.
| | - Brian R Davidson
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, 9th Floor, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK.
- Department of Hepaticopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Royal Free Foundation Trust, 9th Floor, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK.
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Feng J, Zhang Q, Mo W, Wu L, Li S, Li J, Liu T, Xu S, Fan X, Guo C. Salidroside pretreatment attenuates apoptosis and autophagy during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in mice. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:1989-2006. [PMID: 28721018 PMCID: PMC5501634 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s136792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) contributes to liver damage in many clinical situations, such as liver resection and liver transplantation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer agent salidroside (Sal) on hepatic IRI in mice. The mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal control, Sham, Sal (20 mg/kg), IRI, IRI + Sal (10 mg/kg), and IRI + Sal (20 mg/kg). We measured liver enzymes, proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and interleukin-6, and apoptosis- and autophagy-related marker proteins at 2, 8, and 24 hours after reperfusion. Components of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, including P-38, jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), were also measured using an MAPK activator anisomycin to deduce their roles in hepatic IRI. Our results show that Sal safely protects hepatocytes from IRI by reducing levels of liver enzymes in the serum. These findings were confirmed by histopathology. We concluded that Sal protects hepatocytes from IRI partly by inhibiting the activation of MAPK signaling, including the phosphorylation of P38, JNK, and ERK. This ameliorates inflammatory reactions, apoptosis, and autophagy in the mouse liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Qinghui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, JiangSu
| | - Wenhui Mo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Sainan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Shizan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Jinshan, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
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