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Sato H, Taketomi Y, Murase R, Park J, Hosomi K, Sanada TJ, Mizuguchi K, Arita M, Kunisawa J, Murakami M. Group X phospholipase A 2 links colonic lipid homeostasis to systemic metabolism via host-microbiota interaction. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114752. [PMID: 39298315 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota influences physiological functions of the host, ranging from the maintenance of local gut homeostasis to systemic immunity and metabolism. Secreted phospholipase A2 group X (sPLA2-X) is abundantly expressed in colonic epithelial cells but is barely detectable in metabolic and immune tissues. Despite this distribution, sPLA2-X-deficient (Pla2g10-/-) mice displayed variable obesity-related phenotypes that were abrogated after treatment with antibiotics or cohousing with Pla2g10+/+ mice, suggesting the involvement of the gut microbiota. Under housing conditions where Pla2g10-/- mice showed aggravation of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance, they displayed increased colonic inflammation and epithelial damage, reduced production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and lysophospholipids, decreased abundance of several Clostridium species, and reduced levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These obesity-related phenotypes in Pla2g10-/- mice were reversed by dietary supplementation with ω3 PUFAs or SCFAs. Thus, colonic sPLA2-X orchestrates ω3 PUFA-SCFA interplay via modulation of the gut microbiota, thereby secondarily affecting systemic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Sato
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Remi Murase
- Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Jonguk Park
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takayuki Jujo Sanada
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; Human Biology-Microbiome-Quantum Research Center (WPI-Bio2Q), Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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2
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Murakami M, Sato H, Taketomi Y. Modulation of immunity by the secreted phospholipase A 2 family. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:42-70. [PMID: 37035998 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the phospholipase A2 (PLA2 ) superfamily, which typically catalyzes the sn-2 hydrolysis of phospholipids to yield fatty acids and lysophospholipids, the secreted PLA2 (sPLA2 ) family contains 11 isoforms in mammals. Individual sPLA2 s have unique enzymatic specificity toward fatty acids and polar heads of phospholipid substrates and display distinct tissue/cellular distributions, suggesting their distinct physiological functions. Recent studies using knockout and/or transgenic mice for a full set of sPLA2 s have revealed their roles in modulation of immunity and related disorders. Application of mass spectrometric lipidomics to these mice has enabled to identify target substrates and products of individual sPLA2 s in given tissue microenvironments. sPLA2 s hydrolyze not only phospholipids in the plasma membrane of activated, damaged or dying mammalian cells, but also extracellular phospholipids such as those in extracellular vesicles, microbe membranes, lipoproteins, surfactants, and dietary phospholipids, thereby exacerbating or ameliorating various diseases. The actions of sPLA2 s are dependent on, or independent of, the generation of fatty acid- or lysophospholipid-derived lipid mediators according to the pathophysiological contexts. In this review, we make an overview of our current understanding of the roles of individual sPLA2 s in various immune responses and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Yamamoto K, Hakoi H, Nomura S, Murakami M. The Roles of sPLA 2s in Skin Homeostasis and Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040668. [PMID: 37189415 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) family, the secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) family in mammals contains 11 members that exhibit unique tissue or cellular distributions and enzymatic properties. Current studies using knockout and/or transgenic mice for a nearly full set of sPLA2s, in combination with comprehensive lipidomics, have revealed the diverse pathophysiological roles of sPLA2s in various biological events. Individual sPLA2s exert specific functions within tissue microenvironments, likely through the hydrolysis of extracellular phospholipids. Lipids are an essential biological component for skin homeostasis, and disturbance of lipid metabolism by deletion or overexpression of lipid-metabolizing enzymes or lipid-sensing receptors often leads to skin abnormalities that are easily visible on the outside. Over the past decades, our studies using knockout and transgenic mice for various sPLA2s have uncovered several new aspects of these enzymes as modulators of skin homeostasis and disease. This article summarizes the roles of several sPLA2s in skin pathophysiology, providing additional insight into the research fields of sPLA2s, lipids, and skin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-jyosanjima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Haruka Hakoi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-jyosanjima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Saki Nomura
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-jyosanjima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Kong Y, Jiang J, Huang Y, Liu X, Jin Z, Li L, Wei F, Liu X, Yin J, Zhang Y, Tong Q, Chen H. Narciclasine inhibits phospholipase A2 and regulates phospholipid metabolism to ameliorate psoriasis-like dermatitis. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1094375. [PMID: 36700214 PMCID: PMC9869703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1094375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease recognized by the World Health Organization as "an incurable chronic, noninfectious, painful, disfiguring and disabling disease." The fact that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the most common and important comorbidities of psoriasis suggests an important role of lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Narciclasine (Ncs) is an alkaloid isolated from the Amaryllidaceae plants. Its biological activities include antitumor, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, anti-angiogenic and promoting energy expenditure to improve dietinduced obesity. Here, we report that Ncs may be a potential candidate for psoriasis, acting at both the organismal and cellular levels. Methods The therapeutic effect of Ncs was assessed in IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. Then, through in vitro experiments, we explored the inhibitory effect of Ncs on HaCaT cell proliferation and Th17 cell polarization; Transcriptomics and lipidomics were used to analyze the major targets of Ncs; Single-cell sequencing data was used to identify the target cells of Ncs action. Results Ncs can inhibit keratinocyte proliferation and reduce the recruitment of immune cells in the skin by inhibiting psoriasis-associated inflammatory mediators. In addition, it showed a direct repression effect on Th17 cell polarization. Transcriptomic and lipidomic data further revealed that Ncs extensively regulated lipid metabolismrelated genes, especially the Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) family, and increased antiinflammatory lipid molecules. Combined with single-cell data analysis, we confirmed that keratinocytes are the main cells in which Ncs functions. Discussion Taken together, our findings indicate that Ncs alleviates psoriasiform skin inflammation in mice, which is associated with inhibition of PLA2 in keratinocytes and improved phospholipid metabolism. Ncs has the potential for further development as a novel anti-psoriasis drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kong
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuqiong Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zilin Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Fen Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Hongxiang Chen, ; Qingyi Tong, ; Yonghui Zhang,
| | - Qingyi Tong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Hongxiang Chen, ; Qingyi Tong, ; Yonghui Zhang,
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Department of Dermatology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Hongxiang Chen, ; Qingyi Tong, ; Yonghui Zhang,
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Kuijk MM, Wu Y, van Hensbergen VP, Shanlitourk G, Payré C, Lambeau G, Man-Bovenkerk S, Herrmann J, Müller R, van Strijp JAG, Pannekoek Y, Touqui L, van Sorge NM. Interference with Lipoprotein Maturation Sensitizes Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to Human Group IIA-Secreted Phospholipase A2 and Daptomycin. J Innate Immun 2022; 15:333-350. [PMID: 36473432 PMCID: PMC10643906 DOI: 10.1159/000527549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been classified as a high priority pathogen by the World Health Organization underlining the high demand for new therapeutics to treat infections. Human group IIA-secreted phospholipase A2 (hGIIA) is among the most potent bactericidal proteins against Gram-positive bacteria, including S. aureus. To determine hGIIA-resistance mechanisms of MRSA, we screened the Nebraska Transposon Mutant Library using a sublethal concentration of recombinant hGIIA. We identified and confirmed the role of lspA, encoding the lipoprotein signal peptidase LspA, as a new hGIIA resistance gene in both in vitro assays and an infection model in hGIIA-transgenic mice. Increased susceptibility of the lspA mutant was associated with enhanced activity of hGIIA on the cell membrane. Moreover, lspA deletion increased susceptibility to daptomycin, a last-resort antibiotic to treat MRSA infections. MRSA wild type could be sensitized to hGIIA and daptomycin killing through exposure to LspA-specific inhibitors globomycin and myxovirescin A1. Analysis of >26,000 S. aureus genomes showed that LspA is highly sequence-conserved, suggesting universal application of LspA inhibition. The role of LspA in hGIIA resistance was not restricted to MRSA since Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis were also more hGIIA-susceptible after lspA deletion or LspA inhibition, respectively. Overall, our data suggest that pharmacological interference with LspA may disarm Gram-positive pathogens, including MRSA, to enhance clearance by innate host defense molecules and clinically applied antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke M Kuijk
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Yongzheng Wu
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire de l'Infection Microbionne, CNRS UMR3691, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vincent P van Hensbergen
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gizem Shanlitourk
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Payré
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Sandra Man-Bovenkerk
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Pannekoek
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lhousseine Touqui
- Mucoviscidose et Bronchopathies Chroniques, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Nina M van Sorge
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Langedijk J, Araya EI, Barroso AR, Tolenaars D, Nazaré M, Belabed H, Schoene J, Chichorro JG, Oude Elferink R. An LPAR5-antagonist that reduces nociception and increases pruriception. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:963174. [PMID: 35959236 PMCID: PMC9360597 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.963174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The G-protein coupled receptor LPAR5 plays a prominent role in LPA-mediated pain and itch signaling. In this study we focus on the LPAR5-antagonist compound 3 (cpd3) and its ability to affect pain and itch signaling, both in vitro and in vivo. Methods Nociceptive behavior in wild type mice was induced by formalin, carrageenan or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) injection in the hind paw, and the effect of oral cpd3 administration was measured. Scratch activity was measured after oral administration of cpd3, in mice overexpressing phospholipase A2 (sPLA2tg), in wild type mice (WT) and in TRPA1-deficient mice (Trpa1 KO). In vitro effects of cpd3 were assessed by measuring intracellular calcium release in HMC-1 and HEK-TRPA1 cells. Results As expected, nociceptive behavior (induced by formalin, carrageenan or PGE2) was reduced after treatment with cpd3. Unexpectedly, cpd3 induced scratch activity in mice. In vitro addition of cpd3 to HEK-TRPA1 cells induced an intracellular calcium wave that could be inhibited by the TRPA1-antagonist A-967079. In Trpa1 KO mice, however, the increase in scratch activity after cpd3 administration was not reduced. Conclusions Cpd3 has in vivo antinociceptive effects but induces scratch activity in mice, probably by activation of multiple pruriceptors, including TRPA1. These results urge screening of antinociceptive candidate drugs for activity with pruriceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Langedijk
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Research Institute Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AG&M), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erika Ivanna Araya
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Amanda Ribeiro Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Dagmar Tolenaars
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Research Institute Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AG&M), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Departments of Chemical Biology and Structural Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hassane Belabed
- Departments of Chemical Biology and Structural Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Schoene
- Departments of Chemical Biology and Structural Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ronald Oude Elferink
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Research Institute Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AG&M), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Ronald Oude Elferink
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Doré E, Joly-Beauparlant C, Morozumi S, Mathieu A, Lévesque T, Allaeys I, Duchez AC, Cloutier N, Leclercq M, Bodein A, Payré C, Martin C, Petit-Paitel A, Gelb MH, Rangachari M, Murakami M, Davidovic L, Flamand N, Arita M, Lambeau G, Droit A, Boilard E. The interaction of secreted phospholipase A2-IIA with the microbiota alters its lipidome and promotes inflammation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:152638. [PMID: 35076027 PMCID: PMC8855825 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted phospholipase A2-IIA (sPLA2-IIA) hydrolyzes phospholipids to liberate lysophospholipids and fatty acids. Given its poor activity toward eukaryotic cell membranes, its role in the generation of proinflammatory lipid mediators is unclear. Conversely, sPLA2-IIA efficiently hydrolyzes bacterial membranes. Here, we show that sPLA2-IIA affects the immune system by acting on the intestinal microbial flora. Using mice overexpressing transgene-driven human sPLA2-IIA, we found that the intestinal microbiota was critical for both induction of an immune phenotype and promotion of inflammatory arthritis. The expression of sPLA2-IIA led to alterations of the intestinal microbiota composition, but housing in a more stringent pathogen-free facility revealed that its expression could affect the immune system in the absence of changes to the composition of this flora. In contrast, untargeted lipidomic analysis focusing on bacteria-derived lipid mediators revealed that sPLA2-IIA could profoundly alter the fecal lipidome. The data suggest that a singular protein, sPLA2-IIA, produces systemic effects on the immune system through its activity on the microbiota and its lipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Doré
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- ARThrite Research Center, University Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles Joly-Beauparlant
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Satoshi Morozumi
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alban Mathieu
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tania Lévesque
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- ARThrite Research Center, University Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Allaeys
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- ARThrite Research Center, University Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Claire Duchez
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Cloutier
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mickaël Leclercq
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antoine Bodein
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Payré
- Côte d’Azur University, The French National Centre for Scientific Research, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, UMR7275, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Cyril Martin
- The Research Center of the University Institute of Cardiology and Pneumology of Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Agnes Petit-Paitel
- Côte d’Azur University, The French National Centre for Scientific Research, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, UMR7275, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Michael H. Gelb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Manu Rangachari
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Neurosciences Axis, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Laetitia Davidovic
- Côte d’Azur University, The French National Centre for Scientific Research, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, UMR7275, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- ARThrite Research Center, University Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- The Research Center of the University Institute of Cardiology and Pneumology of Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Cellular and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Côte d’Azur University, The French National Centre for Scientific Research, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, UMR7275, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Arnaud Droit
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- ARThrite Research Center, University Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Dynamic Role of Phospholipases A2 in Health and Diseases in the Central Nervous System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112963. [PMID: 34831185 PMCID: PMC8616333 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are major components in the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. These molecules are comprised of two acyl or alkyl groups and different phospho-base groups linked to the glycerol backbone. Over the years, substantial interest has focused on metabolism of phospholipids by phospholipases and the role of their metabolic products in mediating cell functions. The high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the central nervous system (CNS) have led to studies centered on phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), enzymes responsible for cleaving the acyl groups at the sn-2 position of the phospholipids and resulting in production of PUFA and lysophospholipids. Among the many subtypes of PLA2s, studies have centered on three major types of PLA2s, namely, the calcium-dependent cytosolic cPLA2, the calcium-independent iPLA2 and the secretory sPLA2. These PLA2s are different in their molecular structures, cellular localization and, thus, production of lipid mediators with diverse functions. In the past, studies on specific role of PLA2 on cells in the CNS are limited, partly because of the complex cellular make-up of the nervous tissue. However, understanding of the molecular actions of these PLA2s have improved with recent advances in techniques for separation and isolation of specific cell types in the brain tissue as well as development of sensitive molecular tools for analyses of proteins and lipids. A major goal here is to summarize recent studies on the characteristics and dynamic roles of the three major types of PLA2s and their oxidative products towards brain health and neurological disorders.
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Shao S, Chen J, Swindell WR, Tsoi LC, Xing X, Ma F, Uppala R, Sarkar MK, Plazyo O, Billi AC, Wasikowski R, Smith KM, Honore P, Scott VE, Maverakis E, Kahlenberg JM, Wang G, Ward NL, Harms PW, Gudjonsson JE. Phospholipase A2 enzymes represent a shared pathogenic pathway in psoriasis and pityriasis rubra pilaris. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e151911. [PMID: 34491907 PMCID: PMC8564909 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered epidermal differentiation along with increased keratinocyte proliferation is a characteristic feature of psoriasis and pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP). However, despite this large degree of overlapping clinical and histologic features, the molecular signatures these skin disorders share are unknown. Using global transcriptomic profiling, we demonstrate that plaque psoriasis and PRP skin lesions have high overlap, with all differentially expressed genes in PRP relative to normal skin having complete overlap with those in psoriasis. The major common pathway shared between psoriasis and PRP involves the phospholipases PLA2G2F, PLA2G4D, and PLA2G4E, which were found to be primarily expressed in the epidermis. Gene silencing each of the 3 PLA2s led to reduction in immune responses and epidermal thickness both in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model of psoriasis, establishing their proinflammatory roles. Lipidomic analyses demonstrated that PLA2s affect mobilization of a phospholipid-eicosanoid pool, which is altered in psoriatic lesions and functions to promote immune responses in keratinocytes. Taken together, our results highlight the important role of PLA2s as regulators of epidermal barrier homeostasis and inflammation, identify PLA2s as a shared pathogenic mechanism between PRP and psoriasis, and as potential therapeutic targets for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China.,Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiaoling Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - William R Swindell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, the Jewish Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xianying Xing
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ranjitha Uppala
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mrinal K Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Olesya Plazyo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Allison C Billi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rachael Wasikowski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Prisca Honore
- AbbVie Dermatology Discovery, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Nicole L Ward
- Departments of Nutrition and Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul W Harms
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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10
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Kuefner MS, Stephenson E, Savikj M, Smallwood HS, Dong Q, Payré C, Lambeau G, Park EA. Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (PLA2G2A) augments adipose tissue thermogenesis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21881. [PMID: 34478587 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002481rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (PLA2G2A) hydrolyzes glycerophospholipids at the sn-2 position resulting in the release of fatty acids and lysophospholipids. C57BL/6 mice do not express Pla2g2a due to a frameshift mutation (wild-type [WT] mice). We previously reported that transgenic expression of human PLA2G2A in C57BL/6 mice (IIA+ mice) protects against weight gain and insulin resistance, in part by increasing total energy expenditure. Additionally, we found that brown and white adipocytes from IIA+ mice have increased expression of mitochondrial uncoupling markers, such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator, and PR domain containing 16, suggesting that the energy expenditure phenotype might be due to an increased thermogenic capacity in adipose tissue. Here, we further characterize the impact of PLA2G2A on thermogenic mechanisms in adipose tissue. Metabolic analysis of WT and IIA+ mice revealed that even when housed within their thermoneutral zone, IIA+ mice have elevated energy expenditure compared to WT littermates. Increased energy expenditure in IIA+ mice is associated with increased citrate synthase activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and increased mitochondrial respiration in both brown and white adipocytes. We also observed that direct addition of recombinant PLA2G2A enzyme to in vitro cultured adipocytes results in the marked induction of UCP1 protein expression. Finally, we report that PLA2G2A induces the expression of numerous transcripts related to energy substrate transport and metabolism in BAT, suggestive of an increase in substrate flux to fuel BAT activity. These data demonstrate that PLA2G2A enhances adipose tissue thermogenesis, in part, through elevated substrate delivery and increased mitochondrial content in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Kuefner
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erin Stephenson
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies and Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA
| | - Mladen Savikj
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heather S Smallwood
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Qingming Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christine Payré
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Edwards A Park
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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11
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Dacheux M, Chaouch S, Joy A, Labat A, Payré C, Petit-Paitel A, Bihl F, Lagrange I, Grellier P, Touqui L, Lambeau G, Deregnaucourt C. Role of human group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 in malaria pathophysiology: Insights from a transgenic mouse model. Biochimie 2021; 189:120-136. [PMID: 34175441 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that injection of recombinant human group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (hGIIA sPLA2) to Plasmodium chabaudi-infected mice lowers parasitaemia by 20%. Here, we show that transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing hGIIA sPLA2 have a peak of parasitaemia about 30% lower than WT littermates. During infection, levels of circulating sPLA2, enzymatic activity and plasma lipid peroxidation were maximal at day-14, the peak of parasitaemia. Levels of hGIIA mRNA increased in liver but not in spleen and blood cells, suggesting that liver may contribute as a source of circulating hGIIA sPLA2. Before infection, baseline levels of leukocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were higher in TG mice than WT littermates. Upon infection, the number of neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes increased and were maximal at the peak of parasitaemia in both WT and TG mice, but were higher in TG mice. Similarly, levels of the Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2 increased in WT and TG mice, but were 7.7- and 1.7-fold higher in TG mice. The characteristic shift towards Th2 cytokines was observed during infection in both WT and TG mice, with increased levels of IL-10 and IL-4 at day-14. The current data are in accordance with our previous in vitro findings showing that hGIIA kills parasites by releasing toxic lipids from oxidized lipoproteins. They further show that hGIIA sPLA2 is induced during mouse experimental malaria and has a protective in vivo role, lowering parasitaemia by likely releasing toxic lipids from oxidized lipoproteins but also indirectly by promoting a more sustained innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Dacheux
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 61 rue Buffon, Paris Cedex 05 75231, France
| | - Soraya Chaouch
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 61 rue Buffon, Paris Cedex 05 75231, France
| | - Alonso Joy
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 61 rue Buffon, Paris Cedex 05 75231, France
| | - Amandine Labat
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 61 rue Buffon, Paris Cedex 05 75231, France
| | - Christine Payré
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR7275, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Agnès Petit-Paitel
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR7275, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Franck Bihl
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR7275, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Isabelle Lagrange
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BioPôle, Laboratoire d'hématologie, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Philippe Grellier
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 61 rue Buffon, Paris Cedex 05 75231, France
| | - Lhousseine Touqui
- Cystic fibrosis and Bronchial diseases team - INSERM U938, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR7275, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France.
| | - Christiane Deregnaucourt
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 61 rue Buffon, Paris Cedex 05 75231, France.
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12
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Murakami M, Sato H, Taketomi Y. Updating Phospholipase A 2 Biology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1457. [PMID: 33086624 PMCID: PMC7603386 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) superfamily contains more than 50 enzymes in mammals that are subdivided into several distinct families on a structural and biochemical basis. In principle, PLA2 has the capacity to hydrolyze the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids to release fatty acids and lysophospholipids, yet several enzymes in this superfamily catalyze other reactions rather than or in addition to the PLA2 reaction. PLA2 enzymes play crucial roles in not only the production of lipid mediators, but also membrane remodeling, bioenergetics, and body surface barrier, thereby participating in a number of biological events. Accordingly, disturbance of PLA2-regulated lipid metabolism is often associated with various diseases. This review updates the current state of understanding of the classification, enzymatic properties, and biological functions of various enzymes belonging to the PLA2 superfamily, focusing particularly on the novel roles of PLA2s in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.T.)
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13
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Synergy between 15-lipoxygenase and secreted PLA 2 promotes inflammation by formation of TLR4 agonists from extracellular vesicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25679-25689. [PMID: 32973091 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage-associated endogenous molecules induce innate immune response, thus making sterile inflammation medically relevant. Stress-derived extracellular vesicles (stressEVs) released during oxidative stress conditions were previously found to activate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), resulting in expression of a different pattern of immune response proteins in comparison to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), underlying the differences between pathogen-induced and sterile inflammation. Here we report that synergistic activities of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) and secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) are needed for the formation of TLR4 agonists, which were identified as lysophospholipids (lysoPLs) with oxidized unsaturated acyl chain. Hydroxy, hydroperoxy, and keto products of 2-arachidonoyl-lysoPI oxidation by 15-LO were identified by mass spectrometry (MS), and they activated the same gene pattern as stressEVs. Extracellular PLA2 activity was detected in the synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis and gout patients. Furthermore, injection of sPLA2 promoted K/BxN serum-induced arthritis in mice, whereby ankle swelling was partially TLR4 dependent. Results confirm the role of oxidized lysoPL of stressEVs in sterile inflammation that promotes chronic diseases. Both 15-LO and sPLA2 enzymes are induced during inflammation, which opens the opportunity for therapy without compromising innate immunity against pathogens.
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14
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van Hensbergen VP, Wu Y, van Sorge NM, Touqui L. Type IIA Secreted Phospholipase A2 in Host Defense against Bacterial Infections. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:313-326. [PMID: 32151494 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme type IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) is crucial for mammalian innate host defense against bacterial pathogens. Most studies have investigated the role of sPLA2-IIA in systemic bacterial infections, identifying molecular pathways of bacterial resistance against sPLA2-IIA-mediated killing, and providing insight into sPLA2-IIA mechanisms of action. Sensitization of (antibiotic-resistant) bacteria to sPLA2-IIA action by blocking bacterial resistance or by applying sPLA2-IIA to treat bacterial infections might represent a therapeutic option in the future. Because sPLA2-IIA is highly expressed at mucosal barriers, we also discuss how sPLA2-IIA is likely to be an important driver of microbiome composition; we anticipate that future research in this area may bring new insights into the role of sPLA2-IIA in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent P van Hensbergen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yongzheng Wu
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire de l'infection Microbienne, CNRS UMR3691, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nina M van Sorge
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lhousseine Touqui
- Mucoviscidose et Bronchopathies Chroniques, département Santé Globale; Pasteur Institute, Paris, France.
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15
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Antimalarial Activity of Human Group IIA Secreted Phospholipase A 2 in Relation to Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oxidized Lipoproteins. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00556-19. [PMID: 31405958 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00556-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of human group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (hGIIA sPLA2) is increased in the plasma of malaria patients, but its role is unknown. In parasite culture with normal plasma, hGIIA is inactive against Plasmodium falciparum, contrasting with hGIIF, hGV, and hGX sPLA2s, which readily hydrolyze plasma lipoproteins, release nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and inhibit parasite growth. Here, we revisited the anti-Plasmodium activity of hGIIA under conditions closer to those of malaria physiopathology where lipoproteins are oxidized. In parasite culture containing oxidized lipoproteins, hGIIA sPLA2 was inhibitory, with a 50% inhibitory concentration value of 150.0 ± 40.8 nM, in accordance with its capacity to release NEFAs from oxidized particles. With oxidized lipoproteins, hGIIF, hGV, and hGX sPLA2s were also more potent, by 4.6-, 2.1-, and 1.9-fold, respectively. Using specific immunoassays, we found that hGIIA sPLA2 is increased in plasma from 41 patients with malaria over levels for healthy donors (median [interquartile range], 1.6 [0.7 to 3.4] nM versus 0.0 [0.0 to 0.1] nM, respectively; P < 0.0001). Other sPLA2s were not detected. Malaria plasma, but not normal plasma, contains oxidized lipoproteins and was inhibitory to P. falciparum when spiked with hGIIA sPLA2 Injection of recombinant hGIIA into mice infected with P. chabaudi reduced the peak of parasitemia, and this was effective only when the level of plasma peroxidation was increased during infection. In conclusion, we propose that malaria-induced oxidation of lipoproteins converts these into a preferential substrate for hGIIA sPLA2, promoting its parasite-killing effect. This mechanism may contribute to host defense against P. falciparum in malaria where high levels of hGIIA are observed.
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16
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Context-dependent effect of sPLA 2-IIA induced proliferation on murine hair follicle stem cells and human epithelial cancer. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:364-376. [PMID: 31521610 PMCID: PMC6838435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue stem cells (SCs) and cancer cells proliferation is regulated by many common signalling mechanisms. These mechanisms temporally balance proliferation and differentiation events during normal tissue homeostasis and repair. However, the effect of these aberrant signalling mechanisms on the ultimate fate of SCs and cancer cells remains obscure. METHODS To evaluate the functional effects of Secretory Phospholipase A2-IIA (sPLA2-IIA) induced abnormal signalling on normal SCs and cancer cells, we have used K14-sPLA2-IIA transgenic mice hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), DMBA/TPA induced mouse skin tumour tissues, human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) derived cell lines. FINDINGS Our study demonstrates that sPLA2-IIA induces rapid proliferation of HFSCs, thereby altering the proliferation dynamics leading to a complete loss of the slow cycling H2BGFP positive HFSCs. Interestingly, in vivo reversion study by JNK inhibition exhibited a significant delay in post depilation hair growth, confirming that sPLA2-IIA promotes HFSCs proliferation through JNK/c-Jun signalling. In a different cellular context, we showed increased expression of sPLA2-IIA in human OSCC and mouse skin cancer tissues. Importantly, a xenograft of sPLA2-IIA knockdown cells of OSCC and SCC cell lines showed a concomitant reduction of tumour volume in NOD-SCID mice and decreased JNK/c-Jun signalling. INTERPRETATION This study unravels how an increased proliferation induced by a common proliferation inducer (sPLA2-IIA) alters the fate of normal SCs and cancer cells distinctively through common JNK/c-Jun signalling. Thus, sPLA2-IIA can be a potential target for various diseases including cancer. FUND: This work was partly supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR-3097) and ACTREC (42) grants.
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17
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Duchez AC, Boudreau LH, Naika GS, Rousseau M, Cloutier N, Levesque T, Gelb MH, Boilard E. Respective contribution of cytosolic phospholipase A2α and secreted phospholipase A 2 IIA to inflammation and eicosanoid production in arthritis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 143:106340. [PMID: 31129176 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2s (PLA2) play a key role in generation of eicosanoids. Cytosolic PLA2α (cPLA2α) is constitutively expressed in most cells, whereas IIA secreted PLA2 (sPLA2-IIA) is induced during inflammation and is present at high levels in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients. In mice, both cPLA2α and sPLA2-IIA have been implicated in autoimmune arthritis; however, the respective contribution of these two enzymes to the pathogenesis and production of eicosanoids is unknown. We evaluated the respective role of cPLA2α and sPLA2-IIA with regard to arthritis and eicosanoid profile in an in vivo model of arthritis. While arthritis was most severe in mice expressing both enzymes, it was abolished when both cPLA2α and sPLA2-IIA were lacking. cPLA2α played a dominant role in the severity of arthritis, although sPLA2-IIA sufficed to significantly contribute to the disease. Several eicosanoids were modulated during the course of arthritis and numerous species involved sPLA2-IIA expression. This study confirms the critical role of PLA2s in arthritis and unveils the distinct contribution of cPLA2α and sPLA2-IIA to the eicosanoid profile in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Duchez
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Gajendra S Naika
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Matthieu Rousseau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nathalie Cloutier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Tania Levesque
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Michael H Gelb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada; Canadian National Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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18
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Murakami M, Yamamoto K, Taketomi Y. Phospholipase A 2 in skin biology: new insights from gene-manipulated mice and lipidomics. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:31. [PMID: 30546811 PMCID: PMC6284315 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin represents one of the tissues that are most profoundly influenced by alterations in the quality of lipids (lipoquality). Lipids not only constitute cellular membranes, but also serve as bioactive lipid mediators and essential components of the skin barrier. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes supply fatty acids and lysophospholipids from membrane phospholipids, thereby variably affecting cutaneous homeostasis. Accordingly, perturbation of particular PLA2-driven lipid pathways can be linked to various forms of skin disease. In this review article, we highlight the roles of several PLA2 subtypes in cutaneous pathophysiology, as revealed by transgenic/knockout studies in combination with comprehensive lipidomics. We focus mainly on secreted PLA2 group IIF (sPLA2-IIF), which is associated with epidermal hyperplasia through mobilization of a unique lipid metabolite. We also address the distinct roles of sPLA2-IIE in hair follicles and sPLA2-IID in lymphoid immune cells that secondarily affect cutaneous inflammation, and provide some insights into species differences in sPLA2s. Additionally, we briefly overview the patatin-like phospholipase PNPLA1, which belongs to the Ca2+-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) family, as a key regulator of skin barrier function through catalysis of a unique non-PLA2 reaction. These knowledges on lipid metabolism driven by various PLA2 subtypes will open novel opportunities for translated studies toward diagnosis and therapy of human skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Murakami
- 1Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan.,2AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004 Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- 3PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004 Japan.,4Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8513 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- 1Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
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19
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Dore E, Boilard E. Roles of secreted phospholipase A 2 group IIA in inflammation and host defense. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:789-802. [PMID: 30905346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Among all members of the secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) family, group IIA sPLA2 (sPLA2-IIA) is possibly the most studied enzyme. Since its discovery, many names have been associated with sPLA2-IIA, such as "non-pancreatic", "synovial", "platelet-type", "inflammatory", and "bactericidal" sPLA2. Whereas the different designations indicate comprehensive functions or sources proposed for this enzyme, the identification of the precise roles of sPLA2-IIA has remained a challenge. This can be attributed to: the expression of the enzyme by various cells of different lineages, its limited activity towards the membranes of immune cells despite its expression following common inflammatory stimuli, its ability to interact with certain proteins independently of its catalytic activity, and its absence from multiple commonly used mouse models. Nevertheless, elevated levels of the enzyme during inflammatory processes and associated consistent release of arachidonic acid from the membrane of extracellular vesicles suggest that sPLA2-IIA may contribute to inflammation by using endogenous substrates in the extracellular milieu. Moreover, the remarkable potency of sPLA2-IIA towards bacterial membranes and its induced expression during the course of infections point to a role for this enzyme in the defense of the host against invading pathogens. In this review, we present current knowledge related to mammalian sPLA2-IIA and its roles in sterile inflammation and host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Dore
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Québec City, QC, Canada; Canadian National Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Murakami M, Miki Y, Sato H, Murase R, Taketomi Y, Yamamoto K. Group IID, IIE, IIF and III secreted phospholipase A 2s. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:803-818. [PMID: 30905347 PMCID: PMC7106514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Among the 11 members of the secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) family, group IID, IIE, IIF and III sPLA2s (sPLA2-IID, -IIE, -IIF and -III, respectively) are “new” isoforms in the history of sPLA2 research. Relative to the better characterized sPLA2s (sPLA2-IB, -IIA, -V and -X), the enzymatic properties, distributions, and functions of these “new” sPLA2s have remained obscure until recently. Our current studies using knockout and transgenic mice for a nearly full set of sPLA2s, in combination with comprehensive lipidomics, have revealed unique and distinct roles of these “new” sPLA2s in specific biological events. Thus, sPLA2-IID is involved in immune suppression, sPLA2-IIE in metabolic regulation and hair follicle homeostasis, sPLA2-IIF in epidermal hyperplasia, and sPLA2-III in male reproduction, anaphylaxis, colonic diseases, and possibly atherosclerosis. In this article, we overview current understanding of the properties and functions of these sPLA2s and their underlying lipid pathways in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Remi Murase
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan; Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.
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Lee IC, Bae JS. Inhibitory Effect of Pelargonidin on Secretory Group IIA Phospholipase A2. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of secretory group IIA phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) has been shown to be elevated in various inflammatory diseases, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) up-regulates the expression of sPLA2-IIA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Pelargonidin (PEL) is a well-known red pigment found in plants, and has been reported as having important biological activities that are potentially beneficial for human health. Here, PEL was examined for its effects on the expression and activity of sPLA2-IIA in HUVECs and mouse. Post treatment of cells or mouse with PEL inhibited LPS-induced expression and activity of sPLA2-IIA. Therefore, these results suggest that PEL inhibited LPS mediated expression of sPLA2-IIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Chul Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Seowon University, Cheongju 28674, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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22
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Lee Y, Lee W, Kim J, Bae JS. Inhibitory Effect of Sulforaphane on Secretory Group IIA Phospholipase A2. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.187.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Secretory phospholipase A 2-IIA overexpressing mice exhibit cyclic alopecia mediated through aberrant hair shaft differentiation and impaired wound healing response. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11619. [PMID: 28912581 PMCID: PMC5599634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 Group-IIA (sPLA2-IIA) is involved in lipid catabolism and growth promoting activity. sPLA2-IIA is deregulated in many pathological conditions including various cancers. Here, we have studied the role of sPLA2-IIA in the development of cyclic alopecia and wound healing response in relation to complete loss of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). Our data showed that overexpression of sPLA2-IIA in homozygous mice results in hyperproliferation and terminal epidermal differentiation followed by hair follicle cycle being halted at anagen like stage. In addition, sPLA2-IIA induced hyperproliferation leads to complete exhaustion of hair follicle stem cell pool at PD28 (Postnatal day). Importantly, sPLA2-IIA overexpression affects the hair shaft differentiation leading to development of cyclic alopecia. Molecular investigation study showed aberrant expression of Sox21, Msx2 and signalling modulators necessary for proper differentiation of inner root sheath (IRS) and hair shaft formation. Further, full-thickness skin wounding on dorsal skin of K14-sPLA2-IIA homozygous mice displayed impaired initial healing response. Our results showed the involvement of sPLA2-IIA in regulation of matrix cells differentiation, hair shaft formation and complete loss of HFSCs mediated impaired wound healing response. These novel functions of sPLA2-IIA may have clinical implications in alopecia, cancer development and ageing.
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Kuefner MS, Pham K, Redd JR, Stephenson EJ, Harvey I, Deng X, Bridges D, Boilard E, Elam MB, Park EA. Secretory phospholipase A 2 group IIA modulates insulin sensitivity and metabolism. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1822-1833. [PMID: 28663239 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m076141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A) is a member of a family of secretory phospholipases that have been implicated in inflammation, atherogenesis, and antibacterial actions. Here, we evaluated the role of PLA2G2A in the metabolic response to a high fat diet. C57BL/6 (BL/6) mice do not express PLA2g2a due to a frameshift mutation. We fed BL/6 mice expressing the human PLA2G2A gene (IIA+ mice) a fat diet and assessed the physiologic response. After 10 weeks on the high fat diet, the BL/6 mice were obese, but the IIA+ mice did not gain weight or accumulate lipid. The lean mass in chow- and high fat-fed IIA+ mice was constant and similar to the BL/6 mice on a chow diet. Surprisingly, the IIA+ mice had an elevated metabolic rate, which was not due to differences in physical activity. The IIA+ mice were more insulin sensitive and glucose tolerant than the BL/6 mice, even when the IIA+ mice were provided the high fat diet. The IIA+ mice had increased expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) in brown adipose tissue (BAT), suggesting that PLA2G2A activates mitochondrial uncoupling in BAT. Our data indicate that PLA2G2A has a previously undiscovered impact on insulin sensitivity and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Kuefner
- Departments of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Kevin Pham
- Departments of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Jeanna R Redd
- Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.,Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Erin J Stephenson
- Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.,Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Innocence Harvey
- Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Xiong Deng
- Departments of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Dave Bridges
- Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.,Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Eric Boilard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, CHUQ Research Center and Division of Rheumatology, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Marshall B Elam
- Departments of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Edwards A Park
- Departments of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN .,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN
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25
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Lee IC, Kim DY, Bae JS. Inhibitory Effect of Zingerone on Secretory Group IIA Phospholipase A2. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of secretory group IIA phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) has been shown to be elevated in various inflammatory diseases, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) up-regulates the expression of sPLA2-IIA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Zingerone (ZGR), a phenolic alkanone isolated from ginger, has been reported to have various pharmacological activities. Here, we examined the effects of ZRG on the expression and activity of sPLA2-IIA in LPS-activated HUVECs and in mouse models of endotoxemia and sepsis. Treatment of cells or mice with ZRG inhibited LPS-induced expression and activity of sPLA2-IIA. In addition, ZRG suppressed LPS-mediated activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. These results suggest that ZRG inhibits LPS-mediated activation of sPLA2-IIA expression by suppressing cPLA2 and ERK 1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Chul Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Seowon University, Cheongju 28674, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yong Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Seowon University, Cheongju 28674, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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26
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Hawkes JE, Gonzalez JA, Krueger JG. Autoimmunity in Psoriasis: Evidence for Specific Autoantigens. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-017-0177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ehrmann C, Schneider MR. Genetically modified laboratory mice with sebaceous glands abnormalities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4623-4642. [PMID: 27457558 PMCID: PMC11108334 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sebaceous glands (SG) are exocrine glands that release their product by holocrine secretion, meaning that the whole cell becomes a secretion following disruption of the membrane. SG may be found in association with a hair follicle, forming the pilosebaceous unit, or as modified SG at different body sites such as the eyelids (Meibomian glands) or the preputial glands. Depending on their location, SG fulfill a number of functions, including protection of the skin and fur, thermoregulation, formation of the tear lipid film, and pheromone-based communication. Accordingly, SG abnormalities are associated with several diseases such as acne, cicatricial alopecia, and dry eye disease. An increasing number of genetically modified laboratory mouse lines develop SG abnormalities, and their study may provide important clues regarding the molecular pathways regulating SG development, physiology, and pathology. Here, we summarize in tabulated form the available mouse lines with SG abnormalities and, focusing on selected examples, discuss the insights they provide into SG biology and pathology. We hope this survey will become a helpful information source for researchers with a primary interest in SG but also as for researchers from unrelated fields that are unexpectedly confronted with a SG phenotype in newly generated mouse lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ehrmann
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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28
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Murakami M, Yamamoto K, Miki Y, Murase R, Sato H, Taketomi Y. The Roles of the Secreted Phospholipase A 2 Gene Family in Immunology. Adv Immunol 2016; 132:91-134. [PMID: 27769509 PMCID: PMC7112020 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Within the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) family that hydrolyzes phospholipids to yield fatty acids and lysophospholipids, secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) enzymes comprise the largest group containing 11 isoforms in mammals. Individual sPLA2s exhibit unique tissue or cellular distributions and enzymatic properties, suggesting their distinct biological roles. Although PLA2 enzymes, particularly cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2α), have long been implicated in inflammation by driving arachidonic acid metabolism, the precise biological roles of sPLA2s have remained a mystery over the last few decades. Recent studies employing mice gene-manipulated for individual sPLA2s, in combination with mass spectrometric lipidomics to identify their target substrates and products in vivo, have revealed their roles in diverse biological events, including immunity and associated disorders, through lipid mediator-dependent or -independent processes in given microenvironments. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the roles of sPLA2s in various immune responses and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Murakami
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - K Yamamoto
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Y Miki
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Murase
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Sato
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Taketomi
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Yamamoto K, Miki Y, Sato H, Nishito Y, Gelb MH, Taketomi Y, Murakami M. Expression and Function of Group IIE Phospholipase A2 in Mouse Skin. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15602-13. [PMID: 27226633 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.734657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies using knock-out mice for various secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) isoforms have revealed their non-redundant roles in diverse biological events. In the skin, group IIF sPLA2 (sPLA2-IIF), an "epidermal sPLA2" expressed in the suprabasal keratinocytes, plays a fundamental role in epidermal-hyperplasic diseases such as psoriasis and skin cancer. In this study, we found that group IIE sPLA2 (sPLA2-IIE) was expressed abundantly in hair follicles and to a lesser extent in basal epidermal keratinocytes in mouse skin. Mice lacking sPLA2-IIE exhibited skin abnormalities distinct from those in mice lacking sPLA2-IIF, with perturbation of hair follicle ultrastructure, modest changes in the steady-state expression of a subset of skin genes, and no changes in the features of psoriasis or contact dermatitis. Lipidomics analysis revealed that sPLA2-IIE and -IIF were coupled with distinct lipid pathways in the skin. Overall, two skin sPLA2s, hair follicular sPLA2-IIE and epidermal sPLA2-IIF, play non-redundant roles in distinct compartments of mouse skin, underscoring the functional diversity of multiple sPLA2s in the coordinated regulation of skin homeostasis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yamamoto
- From the Lipid Metabolism Project and the Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan, PRIME and
| | | | | | - Yasumasa Nishito
- Core Technology and Research Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Michael H Gelb
- the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, and
| | | | - Makoto Murakami
- From the Lipid Metabolism Project and AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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30
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Jung B, Kim J, Bae JS. Dabrafenib, as a Novel Insight into Drug Repositioning Against Secretory Group IIa Phospholipase A2. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.415.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Ku SK, Bae JS. Inhibitory Effect of FXa on Secretory Group IIA Phospholipase A2. Inflammation 2016; 38:987-94. [PMID: 25399323 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that the expression level of secretory group IIA phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) is elevated in inflammatory diseases and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) upregulates the expression of sPLA2-IIA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Activated factor X (FXa) is an important enzyme in the coagulation cascade responsible for thrombin generation, and it influences cell signaling in various cell types by activating protease-activated receptors (PARs). Here, FX or FXa was examined for its effects on the expression and activity of sPLA2-IIA in HUVECs and mouse. Prior treatment of cells or mouse with FXa inhibited LPS-induced expression and activity of sPLA2-IIA via interacting with FXa receptor (effective cell protease receptor-1, EPR-1). And FXa suppressed the activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 by LPS. Therefore, these results suggest that FXa may inhibit LPS-mediated expression of sPLA2-IIA by suppression of cPLA2 and ERK 1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 712-715, Republic of Korea
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32
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Ku SK, Yang EJ, Kang H, Jung B, Bae JS. Inhibitory effect of polyozellin on secretory group IIA phospholipase A2. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 39:271-278. [PMID: 26659873 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The expression of secretory group IIA phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) is enhanced by development of inflammatory disorders. In this study, sPLA2-IIA expression was induced in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells and mice to evaluate the effect of polyozellin. Polyozellin, a major constituent of a Korea edible mushroom Polyozellus multiplex, has been known to exhibit the biological activities such as anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Polyozellin remarkably suppressed the LPS-mediated protein expression and activity of sPLA2-IIA via inhibition of phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. These results demonstrated that polyozellin might play an important role in the modulation of sPLA2-IIA expression and activity in response to the inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Hanny University, Gyeongsan, 712-715, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Yang
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Hanny University, Gyeongsan, 712-715, South Korea
| | - Byeongjin Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Hanny University, Gyeongsan, 712-715, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Lee IC, Bae JS. Inhibitory effect of vicenin-2 and scolymoside on secretory group IIA phospholipase A2. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2015.1087428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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34
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Yamamoto K, Miki Y, Sato M, Taketomi Y, Nishito Y, Taya C, Muramatsu K, Ikeda K, Nakanishi H, Taguchi R, Kambe N, Kabashima K, Lambeau G, Gelb MH, Murakami M. The role of group IIF-secreted phospholipase A2 in epidermal homeostasis and hyperplasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1901-19. [PMID: 26438362 PMCID: PMC4612087 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Yamamoto et al. report that PLA2G2F represents a previously unrecognized regulator of skin pathophysiology, and point to this enzyme as a novel drug target for epidermal-hyperplasic diseases. Epidermal lipids are important for skin homeostasis. However, the entire picture of the roles of lipids, particularly nonceramide lipid species, in epidermal biology still remains obscure. Here, we report that PLA2G2F, a functionally orphan-secreted phospholipase A2 expressed in the suprabasal epidermis, regulates skin homeostasis and hyperplasic disorders. Pla2g2f−/− mice had a fragile stratum corneum and were strikingly protected from psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and skin cancer. Conversely, Pla2g2f-overexpressing transgenic mice displayed psoriasis-like epidermal hyperplasia. Primary keratinocytes from Pla2g2f−/− mice showed defective differentiation and activation. PLA2G2F was induced by calcium or IL-22 in keratinocytes and preferentially hydrolyzed ethanolamine plasmalogen-bearing docosahexaenoic acid secreted from keratinocytes to give rise to unique bioactive lipids (i.e., protectin D1 and 9S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) that were distinct from canonical arachidonate metabolites (prostaglandins and leukotrienes). Ethanolamine lysoplasmalogen, a PLA2G2F-derived marker product, rescued defective activation of Pla2g2f−/− keratinocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Our results highlight PLA2G2F as a previously unrecognized regulator of skin pathophysiology and point to this enzyme as a novel drug target for epidermal-hyperplasic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yamamoto
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Mariko Sato
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama 350-0394, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishito
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Choji Taya
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Muramatsu
- School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama 350-0394, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakanishi
- Research Center for Biosignal, Akita University, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Ryo Taguchi
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Naotomo Kambe
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Michael H Gelb
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) and Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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Baek MC, Jung B, Kang H, Lee HS, Bae JS. Novel insight into drug repositioning: Methylthiouracil as a case in point. Pharmacol Res 2015; 99:185-93. [PMID: 26117428 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug repositioning refers to the development of existing drugs for new indications. These drugs may have (I) failed to show efficacy in late stage clinical trials without safety issues; (II) stalled in the development for commercial reasons; (III) passed the point of patent expiry; or (IV) are being explored in new geographic markets. Over the past decade, pressure on the pharmaceutical industry caused by the 'innovation gap' owing to rising development costs and stagnant product output have become major reasons for the growing interest in drug repositioning. Companies that offer a variety of broad platforms for identifying new indications have emerged; some have been successful in building their own pipelines of candidates with reduced risks and timelines associated with further clinical development. The business models and platforms offered by these companies will be validated if they are able to generate positive proof-of-concept clinical data for their repositioned compounds. This review describes the strategy of biomarker-guided repositioning of chemotherapeutic drugs for inflammation therapy, considering the repositioning of methylthiouracil (MTU), an antithyroid drug, as a potential anti-inflammatory reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kang
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- ABRC, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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Platelet microparticles are internalized in neutrophils via the concerted activity of 12-lipoxygenase and secreted phospholipase A2-IIA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E3564-73. [PMID: 26106157 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1507905112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anucleated blood elements highly potent at generating extracellular vesicles (EVs) called microparticles (MPs). Whereas EVs are accepted as an important means of intercellular communication, the mechanisms underlying platelet MP internalization in recipient cells are poorly understood. Our lipidomic analyses identified 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid [12(S)-HETE] as the predominant eicosanoid generated by MPs. Mechanistically, 12(S)-HETE is produced through the concerted activity of secreted phospholipase A2 IIA (sPLA2-IIA), present in inflammatory fluids, and platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO), expressed by platelet MPs. Platelet MPs convey an elaborate set of transcription factors and nucleic acids, and contain mitochondria. We observed that MPs and their cargo are internalized by activated neutrophils in the endomembrane system via 12(S)-HETE. Platelet MPs are found inside neutrophils isolated from the joints of arthritic patients, and are found in neutrophils only in the presence of sPLA2-IIA and 12-LO in an in vivo model of autoimmune inflammatory arthritis. Using a combination of genetically modified mice, we show that the coordinated action of sPLA2-IIA and 12-LO promotes inflammatory arthritis. These findings identify 12(S)-HETE as a trigger of platelet MP internalization by neutrophils, a mechanism highly relevant to inflammatory processes. Because sPLA2-IIA is induced during inflammation, and 12-LO expression is restricted mainly to platelets, these observations demonstrate that platelet MPs promote their internalization in recipient cells through highly regulated mechanisms.
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Pernet E, Brunet J, Guillemot L, Chignard M, Touqui L, Wu Y. Staphylococcus aureusAdenosine Inhibits sPLA2-IIA–Mediated Host Killing in the Airways. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5312-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Inhibitory effect of exendin-4 on secretory group IIA phospholipase A2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:650-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Murakami M, Sato H, Miki Y, Yamamoto K, Taketomi Y. A new era of secreted phospholipase A₂. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1248-61. [PMID: 25805806 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r058123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among more than 30 members of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) superfamily, secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) enzymes represent the largest family, being Ca(2+)-dependent low-molecular-weight enzymes with a His-Asp catalytic dyad. Individual sPLA2s exhibit unique tissue and cellular distributions and enzymatic properties, suggesting their distinct biological roles. Recent studies using transgenic and knockout mice for nearly a full set of sPLA2 subtypes, in combination with sophisticated lipidomics as well as biochemical and cell biological studies, have revealed distinct contributions of individual sPLA2s to various pathophysiological events, including production of pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, regulation of membrane remodeling, degradation of foreign phospholipids in microbes or food, or modification of extracellular noncellular lipid components. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the in vivo functions of sPLA2s and the underlying lipid pathways as revealed by a series of studies over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Murakami
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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Rousseau M, Belleannee C, Duchez AC, Cloutier N, Levesque T, Jacques F, Perron J, Nigrovic PA, Dieude M, Hebert MJ, Gelb MH, Boilard E. Detection and quantification of microparticles from different cellular lineages using flow cytometry. Evaluation of the impact of secreted phospholipase A2 on microparticle assessment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116812. [PMID: 25587983 PMCID: PMC4294685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles, also called microvesicles, are submicron extracellular vesicles produced by plasma membrane budding and shedding recognized as key actors in numerous physio(patho)logical processes. Since they can be released by virtually any cell lineages and are retrieved in biological fluids, microparticles appear as potent biomarkers. However, the small dimensions of microparticles and soluble factors present in body fluids can considerably impede their quantification. Here, flow cytometry with improved methodology for microparticle resolution was used to detect microparticles of human and mouse species generated from platelets, red blood cells, endothelial cells, apoptotic thymocytes and cells from the male reproductive tract. A family of soluble proteins, the secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2), comprises enzymes concomitantly expressed with microparticles in biological fluids and that catalyze the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids. As sPLA2 can hydrolyze phosphatidylserine, a phospholipid frequently used to assess microparticles, and might even clear microparticles, we further considered the impact of relevant sPLA2 enzymes, sPLA2 group IIA, V and X, on microparticle quantification. We observed that if enriched in fluids, certain sPLA2 enzymes impair the quantification of microparticles depending on the species studied, the source of microparticles and the means of detection employed (surface phosphatidylserine or protein antigen detection). This study provides analytical considerations for appropriate interpretation of microparticle cytofluorometric measurements in biological samples containing sPLA2 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Rousseau
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Clemence Belleannee
- Centre de Recherche du CHUQ and Département d’Obstétrique-Gynécologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Claire Duchez
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Cloutier
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Tania Levesque
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jean Perron
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter A. Nigrovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Melanie Dieude
- Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Josee Hebert
- Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael H. Gelb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Ku SK, Lee HG, Bae JS. Inhibitory effect of baicalin, baicalein and wogonin on secretory group IIA phospholipase A2. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:1865-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ha JS, Dho SH, Youm TH, Kwon KS, Park SS. Astrocytic phospholipase A2 contributes to neuronal glutamate toxicity. Brain Res 2014; 1590:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa eradicates Staphylococcus aureus by manipulating the host immunity. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5105. [PMID: 25290234 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Young cystic fibrosis (CF) patients' airways are mainly colonized by Staphylococcus aureus, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa predominates in adults. However, the mechanisms behind this infection switch are unclear. Here, we show that levels of type-IIA-secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA, a host enzyme with bactericidal activity) increase in expectorations of CF patients in an age-dependent manner. These levels are sufficient to kill S. aureus, with marginal effects on P. aeruginosa strains. P. aeruginosa laboratory strains and isolates from CF patients induce sPLA2-IIA expression in bronchial epithelial cells from CF patients (these cells are a major source of the enzyme). In an animal model of lung infection, P. aeruginosa induces sPLA2-IIA production that favours S. aureus killing. We suggest that sPLA2-IIA induction by P. aeruginosa contributes to S. aureus eradication in CF airways. Our results indicate that a bacterium can eradicate another bacterium by manipulating the host immunity.
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Platelets release mitochondria serving as substrate for bactericidal group IIA-secreted phospholipase A2 to promote inflammation. Blood 2014; 124:2173-83. [PMID: 25082876 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-05-573543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a highly potent inflammatory trigger and is reportedly found outside the cells in blood in various pathologies. Platelets are abundant in blood where they promote hemostasis. Although lacking a nucleus, platelets contain functional mitochondria. On activation, platelets produce extracellular vesicles known as microparticles. We hypothesized that activated platelets could also release their mitochondria. We show that activated platelets release respiratory-competent mitochondria, both within membrane-encapsulated microparticles and as free organelles. Extracellular mitochondria are found in platelet concentrates used for transfusion and are present at higher levels in those that induced acute reactions (febrile nonhemolytic reactions, skin manifestations, and cardiovascular events) in transfused patients. We establish that the mitochondrion is an endogenous substrate of secreted phospholipase A2 IIA (sPLA2-IIA), a phospholipase otherwise specific for bacteria, likely reflecting the ancestral proteobacteria origin of mitochondria. The hydrolysis of the mitochondrial membrane by sPLA2-IIA yields inflammatory mediators (ie, lysophospholipids, fatty acids, and mtDNA) that promote leukocyte activation. Two-photon microscopy in live transfused animals revealed that extracellular mitochondria interact with neutrophils in vivo, triggering neutrophil adhesion to the endothelial wall. Our findings identify extracellular mitochondria, produced by platelets, at the midpoint of a potent mechanism leading to inflammatory responses.
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Allard-Chamard H, Haroun S, de Brum-Fernandes AJ. Secreted phospholipase A2 type II is present in Paget's disease of bone and modulates osteoclastogenesis, apoptosis and bone resorption of human osteoclasts independently of its catalytic activity in vitro. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 90:39-45. [PMID: 24411720 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the role of secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) in the pathophysiology of human osteoclasts (OCs). METHODS Immunohistochemistry and sPLA2 inhibitors were to determine the localization of sPLA2 and its role in OCs biology. RESULTS sPLA2 is expressed by OCs from healthy fetal bone and OCs from Paget's disease but not in normal bone. Inhibition of sPLA2 greatly reduces in vitro osteoclastogenesis. DISCUSSION The decrease in OCs formed could be attributed to a decline in the viability of CD14(+) OC precursors as well as a reduced viability of mature OCs. Inhibition of sPLA2 strongly decreases bone resorption by OCs independently of actin cytoskeleton remodeling, probably also by reducing OCs viability. CONCLUSION High amounts of this enzyme are present in fetal and Pagetic bone samples. Inhibition of sPLA2in vitro decreases osteoclastogenesis and OC activity and might constitute an interesting pharmacologic target for diseases with high bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Allard-Chamard
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001-12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Sonia Haroun
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001-12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Artur J de Brum-Fernandes
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001-12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4.
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Thyroid hormone status regulates the expression of secretory phospholipases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 444:56-62. [PMID: 24440706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) stimulates various metabolic pathways and the hepatic actions of T3 are mediated primarily through the thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRβ). Hypothyroidism has been linked with low grade inflammation, elevated risk of hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis. Secretory phospholipases (sPLA2) are associated with inflammation, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Due to potential linkage between thyroid hormone and sPLA2, we investigated the effect of thyroid hormone status on the regulation of secretory phospholipases in mice, rats and human liver. T3 suppressed the expression of the sPLA2 group IIa (PLA2g2a) gene in the liver of BALB/c mice and C57BL/6 transgenic mice expressing the human PLA2g2a. PLA2g2a was elevated with hypothyroidism and high fat diets which may contribute to the low grade inflammation associated with hypothyroidism and diet induced obesity. We also examined the effects of the TRβ agonist eprotirome on hepatic gene regulation. We observed that eprotirome inhibited the expression of selected sPLA2 genes and furthermore the cytokine mediated induction PLA2g2a was suppressed. In addition, eprotirome induced genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol clearance while inhibiting lipogenic genes. Our results indicate that in vivo thyroid hormone status regulates the abundance of sPLA2 and the inhibition of PLA2g2a by T3 is conserved across species. By regulating sPLA2 genes, T3 may impact processes associated with atherosclerosis and inflammation and TRβ agonists may ameliorate inflammation and hyperlipidemia.
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Ilic D, Bollinger JM, Gelb M, Mauro TM. sPLA2 and the epidermal barrier. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:416-21. [PMID: 24269828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian epidermis provides both an interface and a protective barrier between the organism and its environment. Lipid, processed into water-impermeable bilayers between the outermost layers of the epidermal cells, forms the major barrier that prevents water from exiting the organism, and also prevents toxins and infectious agents from entering. The secretory phospholipase 2 (sPLA2) enzymes control important processes in skin and other organs, including inflammation and differentiation. sPLA2 activity contributes to epidermal barrier formation and homeostasis by generating free fatty acids, which are required both for formation of lamellar membranes and also for acidification of the stratum corneum (SC). sPLA2 is especially important in controlling SC acidification and establishment of an optimum epidermal barrier during the first postnatal week. Several sPLA2 isoforms are present in the epidermis. We find that two of these isoforms, sPLA2 IIA and sPLA2 IIF, localize to the upper stratum granulosum and increase in response to experimental barrier perturbation. sPLA2F(-/-) mice also demonstrate a more neutral SC pH than do their normal littermates, and their initial recovery from barrier perturbation is delayed. These findings confirm that sPLA2 enzymes perform important roles in epidermal development, and suggest that the sPLA2IIF isoform may be central to SC acidification and barrier function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled The Important Role of Lipids in the Epidermis and their Role in the Formation and Maintenance of the Cutaneous Barrier. Guest Editors: Kenneth R. Feingold and Peter Elias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusko Ilic
- Human Embryonic Stem Cell Laboratories, Guy's Assisted Conception Unit, Division of Women's Health, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK.
| | - James M Bollinger
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Gelb
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Theodora M Mauro
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco Veterans Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Movert E, Wu Y, Lambeau G, Kahn F, Touqui L, Areschoug T. Secreted Group IIA Phospholipase A2 Protects Humans Against the Group B Streptococcus: Experimental and Clinical Evidence. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:2025-35. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sharma P, Thakran S, Deng X, Elam MB, Park EA. Nuclear corepressors mediate the repression of phospholipase A2 group IIa gene transcription by thyroid hormone. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:16321-16333. [PMID: 23629656 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.445569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 group IIa (PLA2g2a) is associated with inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and atherogenesis. Transcription of the PLA2g2a gene is induced by multiple cytokines. Here, we report the surprising observation that thyroid hormone (T3) inhibited PLA2g2a gene expression in human and rat hepatocytes as well as in rat liver. Moreover, T3 reduced the cytokine-mediated induction of PLA2g2a, suggesting that the thyroid status may modulate aspects of the inflammatory response. In an effort to dissect the mechanism of repression by T3, we cloned the PLA2g2a gene and identified a negative T3 response element in the promoter. This T3 receptor (TRβ)-binding site differed considerably from consensus T3 stimulatory elements. Using in vitro and in vivo binding assays, we found that TRβ bound directly to the PLA2g2a promoter as a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor. Knockdown of nuclear corepressor or silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid receptors by siRNA blocked the T3 inhibition of PLA2g2a. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we showed that nuclear corepressor and silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid receptors were associated with the PLA2g2a gene in the presence of T3. In contrast with the established role of T3 to promote coactivator association with TRβ, our experiments demonstrate a novel inverse recruitment mechanism in which liganded TRβ recruits corepressors to inhibit PLA2g2a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Shalini Thakran
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Xiong Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Marshall B Elam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Edwards A Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163.
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