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Hu Y, Zhao Y, Li P, Lu H, Li H, Ge J. Hypoxia and panvascular diseases: exploring the role of hypoxia-inducible factors in vascular smooth muscle cells under panvascular pathologies. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:1954-1974. [PMID: 37541793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging discipline, panvascular diseases are a set of vascular diseases with atherosclerosis as the common pathogenic hallmark, which mostly affect vital organs like the heart, brain, kidney, and limbs. As the major responser to the most common stressor in the vasculature (hypoxia)-hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and the primary regulator of pressure and oxygen delivery in the vasculature-vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), their own multifaceted nature and their interactions with each other are fascinating. Abnormally active VSMCs (e.g., atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension) or abnormally dysfunctional VSMCs (e.g., aneurysms, vascular calcification) are associated with HIFs. These widespread systemic diseases also reflect the interdisciplinary nature of panvascular medicine. Moreover, given the comparable proliferative characteristics exhibited by VSMCs and cancer cells, and the delicate equilibrium between angiogenesis and cancer progression, there is a pressing need for more accurate modulation targets or combination approaches to bolster the effectiveness of HIF targeting therapies. Based on the aforementioned content, this review primarily focused on the significance of integrating the overall and local perspectives, as well as temporal and spatial balance, in the context of the HIF signaling pathway in VSMC-related panvascular diseases. Furthermore, the review discussed the implications of HIF-targeting drugs on panvascular disorders, while considering the trade-offs involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
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Olivencia MA, Villegas-Esguevillas M, Sancho M, Barreira B, Paternoster E, Adão R, Larriba MJ, Cogolludo A, Perez-Vizcaino F. Vitamin D Receptor Deficiency Upregulates Pulmonary Artery Kv7 Channel Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12350. [PMID: 37569725 PMCID: PMC10418734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D is involved in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The aim of this study was to analyze the electrophysiological and contractile properties of pulmonary arteries (PAs) in vitamin D receptor knockout mice (Vdr-/-). PAs were dissected and mounted in a wire myograph. Potassium membrane currents were recorded in freshly isolated PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) using the conventional whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Potential vitamin D response elements (VDREs) in Kv7 channels coding genes were studied, and their protein expression was analyzed. Vdr-/- mice did not show a pulmonary hypertensive phenotype, as neither right ventricular hypertrophy nor endothelial dysfunction was apparent. However, resistance PA from these mice exhibited increased response to retigabine, a Kv7 activator, compared to controls and heterozygous mice. Furthermore, the current sensitive to XE991, a Kv7 inhibitor, was also higher in PASMCs from knockout mice. A possible VDRE was found in the gene coding for KCNE4, the regulatory subunit of Kv7.4. Accordingly, Vdr-/- mice showed an increased expression of KCNE4 in the lungs, with no changes in Kv7.1 and Kv7.4. These results indicate that the absence of Vdr in mice, as occurred with vitamin D deficient rats, is not sufficient to induce PAH. However, the contribution of Kv7 channel currents to the regulation of PA tone is increased in Vdr-/- mice, resembling animals and humans suffering from PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Olivencia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Villegas-Esguevillas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Sancho
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bianca Barreira
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Paternoster
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rui Adão
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Larriba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Villegas-Esguevillas M, Cho S, Vera-Zambrano A, Kwon JW, Barreira B, Telli G, Navarro-Dorado J, Morales-Cano D, de Olaiz B, Moreno L, Greenwood I, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Kim SJ, Climent B, Cogolludo A. The novel K V7 channel activator URO-K10 exerts enhanced pulmonary vascular effects independent of the KCNE4 regulatory subunit. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114952. [PMID: 37295249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
KV7 channels exert a pivotal role regulating vascular tone in several vascular beds. In this context, KV7 channel agonists represent an attractive strategy for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Therefore, in this study, we have explored the pulmonary vascular effects of the novel KV7 channel agonist URO-K10. Consequently, the vasodilator and electrophysiological effects of URO-K10 were tested in rat and human pulmonary arteries (PA) and PA smooth muscle cells (PASMC) using myography and patch-clamp techniques. Protein expression was also determined by Western blot. Morpholino-induced knockdown of KCNE4 was assessed in isolated PA. PASMC proliferation was measured by BrdU incorporation assay. In summary, our data show that URO-K10 is a more effective relaxant of PA than the classical KV7 activators retigabine and flupirtine. URO-K10 enhanced KV currents in PASMC and its electrophysiological and relaxant effects were inhibited by the KV7 channel blocker XE991. The effects of URO-K10 were confirmed in human PA. URO-K10 also exhibited antiproliferative effects in human PASMC. Unlike retigabine and flupirtine, URO-K10-induced pulmonary vasodilation was not affected by morpholino-induced knockdown of the KCNE4 regulatory subunit. Noteworthy, the pulmonary vasodilator efficacy of this compound was considerably increased under conditions mimicking the ionic remodelling (as an in vitro model of PAH) and in PA from monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. Taking all together, URO-K10 behaves as a KCNE4-independent KV7 channel activator with much increased pulmonary vascular effects compared to classical KV7 channel activators. Our study identifies a promising new drug in the context of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Villegas-Esguevillas
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Health Research Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Suhan Cho
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alba Vera-Zambrano
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Health Research Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jae Won Kwon
- Institute of Health Research Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bianca Barreira
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Health Research Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Göcken Telli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jorge Navarro-Dorado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Morales-Cano
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Health Research Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Olaiz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Health Research Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iain Greenwood
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Health Research Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Belén Climent
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Health Research Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
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4
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Vera-Zambrano A, Baena-Nuevo M, Rinné S, Villegas-Esguevillas M, Barreira B, Telli G, de Benito-Bueno A, Blázquez JA, Climent B, Pérez-Vizcaino F, Valenzuela C, Decher N, Gonzalez T, Cogolludo A. Sigma-1 receptor modulation fine-tunes K V1.5 channels and impacts pulmonary vascular function. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106684. [PMID: 36740150 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
KV1.5 channels are key players in the regulation of vascular tone and atrial excitability and their impairment is associated with cardiovascular diseases including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Unfortunately, pharmacological strategies to improve KV1.5 channel function are missing. Herein, we aimed to study whether the chaperone sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is able to regulate these channels and represent a new strategy to enhance their function. By using different electrophysiological and molecular techniques in X. laevis oocytes and HEK293 cells, we demonstrate that S1R physically interacts with KV1.5 channels and regulate their expression and function. S1R induced a bimodal regulation of KV1.5 channel expression/activity, increasing it at low concentrations and decreasing it at high concentrations. Of note, S1R agonists (PRE084 and SKF10047) increased, whereas the S1R antagonist BD1047 decreased, KV1.5 expression and activity. Moreover, PRE084 markedly increased KV1.5 currents in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and attenuated vasoconstriction and proliferation in pulmonary arteries. We also show that both KV1.5 channels and S1R, at mRNA and protein levels, are clearly downregulated in samples from PAH and AF patients. Moreover, the expression of both genes showed a positive correlation. Finally, the ability of PRE084 to increase KV1.5 function was preserved under sustained hypoxic conditions, as an in vitro PAH model. Our study provides insight into the key role of S1R in modulating the expression and activity of KV1.5 channels and highlights the potential role of this chaperone as a novel pharmacological target for pathological conditions associated with KV1.5 channel dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Vera-Zambrano
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Baena-Nuevo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susanne Rinné
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marta Villegas-Esguevillas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bianca Barreira
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gokcen Telli
- Hacettepe University, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Belén Climent
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Research (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Niels Decher
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Gonzalez
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Mitochondrial Regulation of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor in the Development of Pulmonary Hypertension. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175219. [PMID: 36079149 PMCID: PMC9457092 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe progressive lung disorder characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling, culminating in right-sided heart failure and increased mortality. Data from animal models and human subjects demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-related signaling is essential in the progression of PH. This review summarizes the regulatory pathways and mechanisms of HIF-mediated signaling, emphasizing the role of mitochondria in HIF regulation and PH pathogenesis. We also try to determine the potential to therapeutically target the components of the HIF system for the management of PH.
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Jernigan NL, Naik JS, Resta TC. Acid-sensing ion channel 1 contributes to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell depolarization following hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. J Physiol 2021; 599:4749-4762. [PMID: 34487355 DOI: 10.1113/jp282231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by sustained vasoconstriction and remodelling of the small pulmonary arteries, which is associated with persistent depolarization of the resting membrane potential (Em ) of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). It is well-known that the underlying mechanism of this depolarization includes inhibition of K+ channels; however, whether other ion channels contribute to this depolarization is unknown. We previously reported that acid-sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1), a non-selective cation channel (NSCC) that conducts both Na+ and Ca2+ , is present in PASMCs and contributes to the development of chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary hypertension. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that ASIC1-mediated Na+ influx contributes to PASMC Em regulation following CH-induced pulmonary hypertension. Using sharp electrode intracellular recordings in isolated, pressurized small pulmonary arteries from rats and mice, we show that exposure to CH leads to PASMC membrane depolarization compared with control animals, and this is independent of intraluminal pressure-induced depolarization. In addition to a decrease in PASMC whole-cell K+ currents following CH, we demonstrate that whole-cell NSCC currents are increased and essential to the persistent CH-induced Em depolarization in PASMCs. Both the specific inhibitor of ASIC1, psalmotoxin 1, and global knockout of ASIC1 (Asic1-/- ) prevents CH-induced Em depolarization and largely inhibits whole-cell NSCC currents, without affecting whole-cell K+ currents. Our results show a combination of factors, including inhibition of K+ efflux and augmented Na+ influx, mediate CH-induced PASMC depolarization. Furthermore, this study demonstrates a novel role for ASIC1 in the regulation of Em in PASMCs during CH-induced pulmonary hypertension. KEY POINTS: In pulmonary hypertensive patients and animal models of pulmonary hypertension, the resting membrane potential (Em ) of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is persistently depolarized. In addition to the well-established reduction of K+ conductance, we show that non-selective cation channel currents are increased and essential to the persistent Em depolarization in PASMCs following chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary hypertension. The current study provides novel evidence that acid-sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1)-mediated Na+ influx induces membrane depolarization and regulates Em in PASMCs following CH exposure. Although fairly quiescent under control conditions, our findings demonstrate a pathological function of ASIC1 in the development of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki L Jernigan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jay S Naik
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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7
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Perez-Vizcaino F, Cogolludo A, Mondejar-Parreño G. Transcriptomic profile of cationic channels in human pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15829. [PMID: 34349187 PMCID: PMC8338963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of K+ channels is a hallmark of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Herein, the channelome was analyzed in lungs of patients with PAH in a public transcriptomic database. Sixty six (46%) mRNA encoding cationic channels were dysregulated in PAH with most of them downregulated (83%). The principal component analysis indicated that dysregulated cationic channel expression is a signature of the disease. Changes were very similar in idiopathic, connective tissue disease and congenital heart disease associated PAH. This analysis 1) is in agreement with the widely recognized pathophysiological role of TASK1 and KV1.5, 2) supports previous preliminary reports pointing to the dysregulation of several K+ channels including the downregulation of KV1.1, KV1.4, KV1.6, KV7.1, KV7.4, KV9.3 and TWIK2 and the upregulation of KCa1.1 and 3) points to other cationic channels dysregulated such as Kv7.3, TALK2, CaV1 and TRPV4 which might play a pathophysiological role in PAH. The significance of other changes found in Na+ and TRP channels remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Mondejar-Parreño
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
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8
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Hypoxia and the integrated stress response promote pulmonary hypertension and preeclampsia: Implications in drug development. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2754-2773. [PMID: 34302972 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia is a common cause of pulmonary hypertension, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases are not completely understood. Chronic hypoxia may induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria, promote endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and result in the integrated stress response (ISR) in the pulmonary artery and uteroplacental tissues. Numerous studies have implicated hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), oxidative stress, and ER stress/unfolded protein response (UPR) in the development of pulmonary hypertension, preeclampsia and IUGR. This review highlights the roles of HIFs, mitochondria-derived ROS and UPR, as well as their interplay, in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension and preeclampsia, and their implications in drug development.
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9
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Shimoda LA. Cellular Pathways Promoting Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling by Hypoxia. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 35:222-233. [PMID: 32490752 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00039.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hypoxia increases pulmonary vascular resistance, leading to elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and, potentially, right heart failure. Vascular remodeling is an important contributor to the increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Hyperproliferation of smooth muscle, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, and deposition of extracellular matrix lead to increased wall thickness, extension of muscle into normally non-muscular arterioles, and vascular stiffening. This review highlights intrinsic and extrinsic modulators contributing to the remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A Shimoda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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10
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Yoo HY, Kim SJ. Oxygen-dependent regulation of ion channels: acute responses, post-translational modification, and response to chronic hypoxia. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1589-1602. [PMID: 34142209 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is a vital element for the survival of cells in multicellular aerobic organisms such as mammals. Lack of O2 availability caused by environmental or pathological conditions leads to hypoxia. Active oxygen distribution systems (pulmonary and circulatory) and their neural control mechanisms ensure that cells and tissues remain oxygenated. However, O2-carrying blood cells as well as immune and various parenchymal cells experience wide variations in partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in vivo. Hence, the reactive modulation of the functions of the oxygen distribution systems and their ability to sense PO2 are critical. Elucidating the physiological responses of cells to variations in PO2 and determining the PO2-sensing mechanisms at the biomolecular level have attracted considerable research interest in the field of physiology. Herein, we review the current knowledge regarding ion channel-dependent oxygen sensing and associated signalling pathways in mammals. First, we present the recent findings on O2-sensing ion channels in representative chemoreceptor cells as well as in other types of cells such as immune cells. Furthermore, we highlight the transcriptional regulation of ion channels under chronic hypoxia and its physiological implications and summarize the findings of studies on the post-translational modification of ion channels under hypoxic or ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Young Yoo
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Mondéjar-Parreño G, Cogolludo A, Perez-Vizcaino F. Potassium (K +) channels in the pulmonary vasculature: Implications in pulmonary hypertension Physiological, pathophysiological and pharmacological regulation. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107835. [PMID: 33744261 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The large K+ channel functional diversity in the pulmonary vasculature results from the multitude of genes expressed encoding K+ channels, alternative RNA splicing, the post-transcriptional modifications, the presence of homomeric or heteromeric assemblies of the pore-forming α-subunits and the existence of accessory β-subunits modulating the functional properties of the channel. K+ channels can also be regulated at multiple levels by different factors controlling channel activity, trafficking, recycling and degradation. The activity of these channels is the primary determinant of membrane potential (Em) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC), providing an essential regulatory mechanism to dilate or contract pulmonary arteries (PA). K+ channels are also expressed in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) where they control resting Em, Ca2+ entry and the production of different vasoactive factors. The activity of K+ channels is also important in regulating the population and phenotype of PASMC in the pulmonary vasculature, since they are involved in cell apoptosis, survival and proliferation. Notably, K+ channels play a major role in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Impaired K+ channel activity in PH results from: 1) loss of function mutations, 2) downregulation of its expression, which involves transcription factors and microRNAs, or 3) decreased channel current as a result of increased vasoactive factors (e.g., hypoxia, 5-HT, endothelin-1 or thromboxane), exposure to drugs with channel-blocking properties, or by a reduction in factors that positively regulate K+ channel activity (e.g., NO and prostacyclin). Restoring K+ channel expression, its intracellular trafficking and the channel activity is an attractive therapeutic strategy in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Mondéjar-Parreño
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain.
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12
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Yan S, Resta TC, Jernigan NL. Vasoconstrictor Mechanisms in Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension: Role of Oxidant Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E999. [PMID: 33076504 PMCID: PMC7602539 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated resistance of pulmonary circulation after chronic hypoxia exposure leads to pulmonary hypertension. Contributing to this pathological process is enhanced pulmonary vasoconstriction through both calcium-dependent and calcium sensitization mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as a result of increased enzymatic production and/or decreased scavenging, participate in augmentation of pulmonary arterial constriction by potentiating calcium influx as well as activation of myofilament sensitization, therefore mediating the development of pulmonary hypertension. Here, we review the effects of chronic hypoxia on sources of ROS within the pulmonary vasculature including NADPH oxidases, mitochondria, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, xanthine oxidase, monoamine oxidases and dysfunctional superoxide dismutases. We also summarize the ROS-induced functional alterations of various Ca2+ and K+ channels involved in regulating Ca2+ influx, and of Rho kinase that is responsible for myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. A variety of antioxidants have been shown to have beneficial therapeutic effects in animal models of pulmonary hypertension, supporting the role of ROS in the development of pulmonary hypertension. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which ROS enhance vasoconstriction will be useful in evaluating the efficacy of antioxidants for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikki L. Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (S.Y.); (T.C.R.)
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13
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Mondéjar-Parreño G, Barreira B, Callejo M, Morales-Cano D, Barrese V, Esquivel-Ruiz S, Olivencia MA, Macías M, Moreno L, Greenwood IA, Perez-Vizcaino F, Cogolludo A. Uncovered Contribution of Kv7 Channels to Pulmonary Vascular Tone in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Hypertension 2020; 76:1134-1146. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
K
+
channels play a fundamental role regulating membrane potential of pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cells and their impairment is a common feature in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). K
+
voltage-gated channel subfamily Q (
KCNQ1-5
) or Kv7 channels and their regulatory subunits subfamily E (KCNE) regulatory subunits are known to regulate vascular tone, but whether Kv7 channel function is impaired in PAH and how this can affect the rationale for targeting Kv7 channels in PAH remains unknown. Here, we have studied the role of Kv7/KCNE subunits in rat PA and their possible alteration in PAH. Using the patch-clamp technique, we found that the total K
+
current is reduced in PA smooth muscle cells from pulmonary hypertension animals (SU5416 plus hypoxia) and Kv7 currents made a higher contribution to the net K
+
current. Likewise, enhanced vascular responses to Kv7 channel modulators were found in pulmonary hypertension rats. Accordingly, KCNE4 subunit was highly upregulated in lungs from pulmonary hypertension animals and patients. Additionally, Kv7 channel activity was enhanced in the presence of Kv1.5 and TASK-1 channel inhibitors and this was associated with an increased KCNE4 membrane abundance. Compared with systemic arteries, PA showed a poor response to Kv7 channel modulators which was associated with reduced expression and membrane abundance of Kv7.4 and KCNE4. Our data indicate that Kv7 channel function is preserved and KCNE4 is upregulated in PAH. Therefore, compared with other downregulated channels, the contribution of Kv7 channels is increased in PAH resulting in an enhanced sensitivity to Kv7 channel modulators. This study provides insight into the potential usefulness of targeting Kv7 channels in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Mondéjar-Parreño
- From the Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Spain (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM) (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
| | - Bianca Barreira
- From the Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Spain (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM) (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
| | - María Callejo
- From the Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Spain (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM) (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
| | - Daniel Morales-Cano
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (D.M.-C.)
| | - Vincenzo Barrese
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George’s University of London, United Kingdom (V.B., I.A.G.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (V.B.)
| | - Sergio Esquivel-Ruiz
- From the Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Spain (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM) (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
| | - Miguel A. Olivencia
- From the Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Spain (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM) (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
| | - Miguel Macías
- From the Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Spain (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM) (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
| | - Laura Moreno
- From the Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Spain (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM) (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
| | - Iain A. Greenwood
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George’s University of London, United Kingdom (V.B., I.A.G.)
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- From the Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Spain (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM) (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- From the Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Spain (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM) (G.M.-P., B.B., M.C., S.E.-R., M.A.O., M.M., L.M., F.P.-V., A.C.)
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14
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Weise-Cross L, Resta TC, Jernigan NL. Redox Regulation of Ion Channels and Receptors in Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:898-915. [PMID: 30569735 PMCID: PMC7061297 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by elevated vascular resistance due to vasoconstriction and remodeling of the normally low-pressure pulmonary vasculature. Redox stress contributes to the pathophysiology of this disease by altering the regulation and activity of membrane receptors, K+ channels, and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Recent Advances: Antioxidant therapies have had limited success in treating PH, leading to a growing appreciation that reductive stress, in addition to oxidative stress, plays a role in metabolic and cell signaling dysfunction in pulmonary vascular cells. Reactive oxygen species generation from mitochondria and NADPH oxidases has substantial effects on K+ conductance and membrane potential, and both receptor-operated and store-operated Ca2+ entry. Critical Issues: Some specific redox changes resulting from oxidation, S-nitrosylation, and S-glutathionylation are known to modulate membrane receptor and ion channel activity in PH. However, many sites of regulation that have been elucidated in nonpulmonary cell types have not been tested in the pulmonary vasculature, and context-specific molecular mechanisms are lacking. Future Directions: Here, we review what is known about redox regulation of membrane receptors and ion channels in PH. Further investigation of the mechanisms involved is needed to better understand the etiology of PH and develop better targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Weise-Cross
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C. Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nikki L. Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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15
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Fan F, Tian H, Geng J, Deng J, Liu Y, Chen C, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Li J, Tian H, Dart AM, Zou Y. Mechanism of Beraprost Effects on Pulmonary Hypertension: Contribution of Cross-Binding to PGE2 Receptor 4 and Modulation of O 2 Sensitive Voltage-Gated K + Channels. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1518. [PMID: 30713496 PMCID: PMC6346678 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to elucidate mechanism(s) by which the orally active PGI2 analog, Beraprost (BPS), ameliorates pulmonary hypertension (PH). Prostaglandins are an important treatment for PH. Mechanisms of their action are not fully elucidated in relation to receptor subtype and effects on O2 sensitive Kv channels. Methods: Distal (3rd order and beyond) pulmonary arteries from chronically hypoxic rats and from humans with established PH were studied. Measurements included pulmonary haemodynamics and histology, vascular reactivity, prostanoid receptor expression and activity of the O2 sensitive Kv channels. Results: Prostacyclin receptor (IP), prostaglandin receptor E3 (EP3) and prostaglandin receptor E4 (EP4) are the main pulmonary artery receptor subtypes in both rat and human pulmonary arteries. Circulating levels of PGI2 and PGE2 were reduced in PH. PH was also associated with reduced receptor expression of IP but not of EP4. The effects on IP expression were overcome with BPS. Dilatory responses in PH to BPS were reduced in the presence of EP4 blockade. Expression and activity of oxygen sensitive Kv channels were reduced in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell from rats with PH and humans with PAH and were also overcome by administration of BPS. Effects of BPS on oxygen sensitive Kv channels were reduced in the presence of EP4 blockade implicating the EP4 receptor, as well as the IP receptor, in mediating BPS effects. Conclusion: Reduced expression of pulmonary IP receptors and reduced activity of O2 sensitive Kv channels are found in PH in both humans and rats. The orally active prostacyclin analogue, BPS, is able to reverse these changes, partly through binding to the EP4 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenling Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jie Geng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jizhao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Songlin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yushun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongyan Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Anthony M. Dart
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuliang Zou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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16
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Hasan R, Jaggar JH. K V channel trafficking and control of vascular tone. Microcirculation 2018; 25. [PMID: 28963858 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Membrane potential is a principal regulator of arterial contractility. Arterial smooth muscle cells express several different types of ion channel that control membrane potential, including KV channels. KV channel activation leads to membrane hyperpolarization, resulting in inhibition of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, a reduction in [Ca2+ ]i , and vasodilation. In contrast, KV channel inhibition leads to membrane depolarization and vasoconstriction. The ability of KV channels to regulate arterial contractility is dependent upon the number of plasma membrane-resident channels and their open probability. Here, we will discuss mechanisms that alter the surface abundance of KV channel proteins in arterial smooth muscle cells and the functional consequences of such regulation. Cellular processes that will be described include those that modulate KV channel transcription, retrograde and anterograde trafficking, and protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquibul Hasan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan H Jaggar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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17
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Lamothe SM, Hogan-Cann AE, Li W, Guo J, Yang T, Tschirhart JN, Zhang S. The N terminus and transmembrane segment S1 of Kv1.5 can coassemble with the rest of the channel independently of the S1-S2 linkage. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15347-15358. [PMID: 30121572 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.5 belongs to the Shaker superfamily. Kv1.5 is composed of four subunits, each comprising 613 amino acids, which make up the N terminus, six transmembrane segments (S1-S6), and the C terminus. We recently demonstrated that, in HEK cells, extracellularly applied proteinase K (PK) cleaves Kv1.5 channels at a single site in the S1-S2 linker. This cleavage separates Kv1.5 into an N-fragment (N terminus to S1) and a C-fragment (S2 to C terminus). Interestingly, the cleavage does not impair channel function. Here, we investigated the role of the N terminus and S1 in Kv1.5 expression and function by creating plasmids encoding various fragments, including those that mimic PK-cleaved products. Our results disclosed that although expression of the pore-containing fragment (Frag(304-613)) alone could not produce current, coexpression with Frag(1-303) generated a functional channel. Immunofluorescence and biotinylation analyses uncovered that Frag(1-303) was required for Frag(304-613) to traffic to the plasma membrane. Biochemical analysis revealed that the two fragments interacted throughout channel trafficking and maturation. In Frag(1-303)+(304-613)-coassembled channels, which lack a covalent linkage between S1 and S2, amino acid residues 1-209 were important for association with Frag(304-613), and residues 210-303 were necessary for mediating trafficking of coassembled channels to the plasma membrane. We conclude that the N terminus and S1 of Kv1.5 can attract and coassemble with the rest of the channel (i.e. Frag(304-613)) to form a functional channel independently of the S1-S2 linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Lamothe
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Aja E Hogan-Cann
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Wentao Li
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jun Guo
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tonghua Yang
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jared N Tschirhart
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Shetuan Zhang
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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18
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Smith KA, Schumacker PT. Sensors and signals: the role of reactive oxygen species in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. J Physiol 2018; 597:1033-1043. [PMID: 30091476 DOI: 10.1113/jp275852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When lung cells experience hypoxia, the functional response, termed hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, activates a multitude of pathways with the goal of optimizing gas exchange. While previously controversial, overwhelming evidence now suggests that increased reactive oxygen species - produced at complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and released into the intermembrane space - is the cellular oxygen signal responsible for triggering hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. The increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate many downstream targets that ultimately lead to increased intracellular ionized calcium concentration and contraction of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. While the specific targets of ROS signals are not completely understood, it is clear that this signalling pathway is critical for development and for normal lung function in newborns and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul T Schumacker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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19
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Ellinwood N, Dobrev D, Morotti S, Grandi E. Revealing kinetics and state-dependent binding properties of I Kur-targeting drugs that maximize atrial fibrillation selectivity. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2017; 27:093918. [PMID: 28964116 PMCID: PMC5573366 DOI: 10.1063/1.5000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The KV1.5 potassium channel, which underlies the ultra-rapid delayed-rectifier current (IKur) and is predominantly expressed in atria vs. ventricles, has emerged as a promising target to treat atrial fibrillation (AF). However, while numerous KV1.5-selective compounds have been screened, characterized, and tested in various animal models of AF, evidence of antiarrhythmic efficacy in humans is still lacking. Moreover, current guidelines for pre-clinical assessment of candidate drugs heavily rely on steady-state concentration-response curves or IC50 values, which can overlook adverse cardiotoxic effects. We sought to investigate the effects of kinetics and state-dependent binding of IKur-targeting drugs on atrial electrophysiology in silico and reveal the ideal properties of IKur blockers that maximize anti-AF efficacy and minimize pro-arrhythmic risk. To this aim, we developed a new Markov model of IKur that describes KV1.5 gating based on experimental voltage-clamp data in atrial myocytes from patient right-atrial samples in normal sinus rhythm. We extended the IKur formulation to account for state-specificity and kinetics of KV1.5-drug interactions and incorporated it into our human atrial cell model. We simulated 1- and 3-Hz pacing protocols in drug-free conditions and with a [drug] equal to the IC50 value. The effects of binding and unbinding kinetics were determined by examining permutations of the forward (kon) and reverse (koff) binding rates to the closed, open, and inactivated states of the KV1.5 channel. We identified a subset of ideal drugs exhibiting anti-AF electrophysiological parameter changes at fast pacing rates (effective refractory period prolongation), while having little effect on normal sinus rhythm (limited action potential prolongation). Our results highlight that accurately accounting for channel interactions with drugs, including kinetics and state-dependent binding, is critical for developing safer and more effective pharmacological anti-AF options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Ellinwood
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefano Morotti
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Eleonora Grandi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Gao L, Fan Y, Hao Y, Yuan P, Liu D, Jing Z, Zhang Z. Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61) upregulated in pulmonary arterial hypertension promotes the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:820-828. [PMID: 28824319 PMCID: PMC5562189 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.19282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to evaluate the expression of cysteine rich 61 (Cyr61) in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) as well as monocrotaline (MCT) induced PAH rat, and further investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of Cyr61 on the proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Methods and Results: Plasma samples were collected from 20 patients with idiopathic PAH, 20 connective tissue disease (CTD) associated PAH, 29 age-, gender- and disease matched CTD without PAH patients, and 28 healthy controls. ELISA was used to detect the level of Cyr61 in plasma. MCT-induced PAH (MCT-PAH) rat model was established by a single subcutaneous injection of MCT (60mg·kg-1). Lung tissues and pulmonary arteries of rats were collected, while the PASMCs were dissected and cultivated for in vitro experiments. Expression of Cyr61 in the lung tissues, pulmonary arteries and PASMCs were tested by immunohistochemical staining, western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. PASMCs from PAH rats were stimulated by exogenous recombinant Cyr61 protein and knocked down by small interfering RNA. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to identify cell proliferation and the expression of p-AKT and AKT were analysed by western blot. The results showed plasma level of Cyr61 in PAH patients, especially CTD-PAH patients, were significant higher than that of CTD without PAH patients and healthy controls. Compared with wild rats, Cyr61 was overexpressed in the lung tissue, pulmonary arterial and PASMCs in PAH rats. Exogenous recombinant Cyr61 protein promoted the proliferation of PASMCs in a dose-dependent manner. While the expression of Cyr61 in PASMCs was inhibited by specific siRNA, cell proliferation was restrained and the expression of p-AKT declined. Conclusion: Plasma Cyr61 concentration in PAH patients was highly increased. Cyr61 could promote PASMCs proliferation via AKT pathway, indicating that Cyr61 may play a role in the pathogenesis of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjie Hao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicheng Jing
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Eskandani M, Vandghanooni S, Barar J, Nazemiyeh H, Omidi Y. Cell physiology regulation by hypoxia inducible factor-1: Targeting oxygen-related nanomachineries of hypoxic cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:46-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zimmer J, Takahashi T, Hofmann AD, Puri P. Downregulation of KCNQ5 expression in the rat pulmonary vasculature of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52:702-705. [PMID: 28189443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Voltage-gated potassium channels KCNQ1, KCNQ4, and KCNQ5 are expressed by rodent pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, contributing to their vascular tone. We hypothesized that KCNQ1, KCNQ4, and KCNQ5 expression is altered in the pulmonary vasculature of nitrofen-induced CDH rats. METHODS After ethical approval (REC913b), time-pregnant rats received nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day (D)9. D21 fetuses were divided into CDH and control group (n=22). QRT-PCR and western blotting were performed to determine gene and protein expression of KCNQ1, KCNQ4, and KCNQ5. Confocal microscopy was used to detect these proteins in the pulmonary vasculature. RESULTS Relative mRNA level of KCNQ5 (p=0.025) was significantly downregulated in CDH lungs compared to controls. KCNQ1 (p=0.052) and KCNQ4 (p=0.574) expression was not altered. Western blotting confirmed the decreased pulmonary KCNQ5 protein expression in CDH lungs. Confocal-microscopy detected a markedly diminished KCNQ5 expression in pulmonary vasculature of CDH fetuses. CONCLUSIONS Downregulated pulmonary expression of KCNQ5 in CDH lungs suggests that this potassium channel may play an important role in the development of PH in this model. KCNQ5 channel activator drugs may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of PH in CDH. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b (Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zimmer
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Gate 5, Dublin 12, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Toshiaki Takahashi
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Gate 5, Dublin 12, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alejandro D Hofmann
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Prem Puri
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Gate 5, Dublin 12, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Dublin, Ireland.
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Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a mysterious killer that, like cancer, is characterized by tremendous complexity. PAH development occurs under sustained and persistent environmental stress, such as inflammation, shear stress, pseudo-hypoxia, and more. After inducing an initial death of the endothelial cells, these environmental stresses contribute with time to the development of hyper-proliferative and apoptotic resistant clone of cells including pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and even pulmonary artery endothelial cells allowing vascular remodeling and PAH development. Molecularly, these cells exhibit many features common to cancer cells offering the opportunity to exploit therapeutic strategies used in cancer to treat PAH. In this review, we outline the signaling pathways and mechanisms described in cancer that drive PAH cells' survival and proliferation and discuss the therapeutic potential of antineoplastic drugs in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boucherat
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Department of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Geraldine Vitry
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Department of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Trinh
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Department of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Roxane Paulin
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Department of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Department of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Sebastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Department of Medicine, Québec, Canada
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Hayabuchi Y. The Action of Smooth Muscle Cell Potassium Channels in the Pathology of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Pediatr Cardiol 2017; 38:1-14. [PMID: 27826710 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-016-1491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many different types of potassium channels with various functions exist in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, contributing to many physiological actions and pathological conditions. The deep involvement of these channels in the onset and exacerbation of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) also continues to be revealed. In 2013, KCNK3 (TASK1), which encodes a type of two-pore domain potassium channel, was shown to be a predisposing gene for PAH by genetic mutation, and it was added to the PAH classification at the Fifth World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension (Nice International Conference). Decreased expression and inhibited activity of voltage-gated potassium channels, particularly KCNA5 (Kv1.5), are also seen in PAH, regardless of the cause, and facilitation of pulmonary arterial contraction and vascular remodeling has been shown. The calcium-activated potassium channels seen in smooth muscle cells also change from BKca (Kca1.1) to IKca (Kca3.1) predominance in PAH due to transformation and have effects including the facilitation of smooth muscle cell migration, enhancement of proliferation, and inhibition of apoptosis. Elucidation of these roles for potassium channels in pulmonary vasoconstriction and remodeling may help bring new therapeutic strategies into view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Hayabuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokushima University, Kuramoto-cho-3, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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Maron BA, Machado RF, Shimoda L. Pulmonary vascular and ventricular dysfunction in the susceptible patient (2015 Grover Conference series). Pulm Circ 2016; 6:426-438. [PMID: 28090285 PMCID: PMC5210067 DOI: 10.1086/688315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary blood vessel structure and tone are maintained by a complex interplay between endogenous vasoactive factors and oxygen-sensing intermediaries. Under physiological conditions, these signaling networks function as an adaptive interface between the pulmonary circulation and environmental or acquired perturbations to preserve oxygenation and maintain systemic delivery of oxygen-rich hemoglobin. Chronic exposure to hypoxia, however, triggers a range of pathogenetic mechanisms that include hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-dependent upregulation of the vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin 1 in pulmonary endothelial cells. In pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, chronic hypoxia induces HIF-1α-mediated upregulation of canonical transient receptor potential proteins, as well as increased Rho kinase-Ca2+ signaling and pulmonary arteriole synthesis of the profibrotic hormone aldosterone. Collectively, these mechanisms contribute to a contractile or hypertrophic pulmonary vascular phenotype. Genetically inherited disorders in hemoglobin structure are also an important etiology of abnormal pulmonary vasoreactivity. In sickle cell anemia, for example, consumption of the vasodilator and antimitogenic molecule nitric oxide by cell-free hemoglobin is an important mechanism underpinning pulmonary hypertension. Contemporary genomic and transcriptomic analytic methods have also allowed for the discovery of novel risk factors relevant to sickle cell disease, including GALNT13 gene variants. In this report, we review cutting-edge observations characterizing these and other pathobiological mechanisms that contribute to pulmonary vascular and right ventricular vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A. Maron
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roberto F. Machado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Larissa Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Nishijima Y, Cao S, Chabowski DS, Korishettar A, Ge A, Zheng X, Sparapani R, Gutterman DD, Zhang DX. Contribution of K V1.5 Channel to Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Human Arteriolar Dilation and Its Modulation by Coronary Artery Disease. Circ Res 2016; 120:658-669. [PMID: 27872049 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) regulates vascular tone in the human microcirculation under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. It dilates arterioles by activating large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD), but its mechanisms of action in subjects without CAD (non-CAD) when compared with those with CAD remain unknown. OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that H2O2-elicited dilation involves different K+ channels in non-CAD versus CAD, resulting in an altered capacity for vasodilation during disease. METHODS AND RESULTS H2O2 induced endothelium-independent vasodilation in non-CAD adipose arterioles, which was reduced by paxilline, a large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel blocker, and by 4-aminopyridine, a voltage-gated K+ (KV) channel blocker. Assays of mRNA transcripts, protein expression, and subcellular localization revealed that KV1.5 is the major KV1 channel expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells and is abundantly localized on the plasma membrane. The selective KV1.5 blocker diphenylphosphine oxide-1 and the KV1.3/1.5 blocker 5-(4-phenylbutoxy)psoralen reduced H2O2-elicited dilation to a similar extent as 4-aminopyridine, but the selective KV1.3 blocker phenoxyalkoxypsoralen-1 was without effect. In arterioles from CAD subjects, H2O2-induced dilation was significantly reduced, and this dilation was inhibited by paxilline but not by 4-aminopyridine, diphenylphosphine oxide-1, or 5-(4-phenylbutoxy)psoralen. KV1.5 cell membrane localization and diphenylphosphine oxide-1-sensitive K+ currents were markedly reduced in isolated vascular smooth muscle cells from CAD arterioles, although mRNA or total cellular protein expression was largely unchanged. CONCLUSIONS In human arterioles, H2O2-induced dilation is impaired in CAD, which is associated with a transition from a combined large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+- and KV (KV1.5)-mediated vasodilation toward a large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+-predominant mechanism of dilation. Loss of KV1.5 vasomotor function may play an important role in microvascular dysfunction in CAD or other vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Nishijima
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Cardiovascular Center (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., A.K.), Division of Biostatistics (R.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, and Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.G.), Milwaukee, WI
| | - Sheng Cao
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Cardiovascular Center (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., A.K.), Division of Biostatistics (R.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, and Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.G.), Milwaukee, WI
| | - Dawid S Chabowski
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Cardiovascular Center (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., A.K.), Division of Biostatistics (R.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, and Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.G.), Milwaukee, WI
| | - Ankush Korishettar
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Cardiovascular Center (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., A.K.), Division of Biostatistics (R.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, and Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.G.), Milwaukee, WI
| | - Alyce Ge
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Cardiovascular Center (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., A.K.), Division of Biostatistics (R.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, and Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.G.), Milwaukee, WI
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Cardiovascular Center (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., A.K.), Division of Biostatistics (R.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, and Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.G.), Milwaukee, WI
| | - Rodney Sparapani
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Cardiovascular Center (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., A.K.), Division of Biostatistics (R.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, and Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.G.), Milwaukee, WI
| | - David D Gutterman
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Cardiovascular Center (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., A.K.), Division of Biostatistics (R.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, and Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.G.), Milwaukee, WI
| | - David X Zhang
- From the Department of Medicine (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Cardiovascular Center (Y.N., S.C., D.S.C., A.K., A.G., X.Z., D.D.G., D.X.Z.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., A.K.), Division of Biostatistics (R.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, and Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.G.), Milwaukee, WI.
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Yamamura A. Upregulation/downregulation of ion channels in pulmonary hypertension. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2016; 148:226-230. [PMID: 27803434 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.148.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tsvetkov D, Tano JY, Kassmann M, Wang N, Schubert R, Gollasch M. The Role of DPO-1 and XE991-Sensitive Potassium Channels in Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Mediated Regulation of Vascular Tone. Front Physiol 2016; 7:335. [PMID: 27540364 PMCID: PMC4973012 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-contractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an important mechanism in the modulation of vascular tone in peripheral arteries. Recent evidence has implicated the XE991-sensitive voltage-gated KV (KCNQ) channels in the regulation of arterial tone by PVAT. However, until now the in vivo pharmacology of the involved vascular KV channels with regard to XE991 remains undetermined, since XE991 effects may involve Ca(2+) activated BKCa channels and/or voltage-dependent KV1.5 channels sensitive to diphenyl phosphine oxide-1 (DPO-1). In this study, we tested whether KV1.5 channels are involved in the control of mesenteric arterial tone and its regulation by PVAT. Our study was also aimed at extending our current knowledge on the in situ vascular pharmacology of DPO-1 and XE991 regarding KV1.5 and BKCa channels, in helping to identify the nature of K(+) channels that could contribute to PVAT-mediated relaxation. XE991 at 30 μM reduced the anti-contractile response of PVAT, but had no effects on vasocontraction induced by phenylephrine (PE) in the absence of PVAT. Similar effects were observed for XE991 at 0.3 μM, which is known to almost completely inhibit mesenteric artery VSMC KV currents. 30 μM XE991 did not affect BKCa currents in VSMCs. Kcna5 (-/-) arteries and wild-type arteries incubated with 1 μM DPO-1 showed normal vasocontractions in response to PE in the presence and absence of PVAT. KV current density and inhibition by 30 μM XE991 were normal in mesenteric artery VSMCs isolated from Kcna5 (-/-) mice. We conclude that KV channels are involved in the control of arterial vascular tone by PVAT. These channels are present in VSMCs and very potently inhibited by the KCNQ channel blocker XE991. BKCa channels and/or DPO-1 sensitive KV1.5 channels in VSMCs are not the downstream mediators of the XE991 effects on PVAT-dependent arterial vasorelaxation. Further studies will need to be undertaken to examine the role of other KV channels in the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Tsvetkov
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Yves Tano
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Kassmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres Berlin, Germany
| | - Ning Wang
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf Schubert
- Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association of German Research CentresBerlin, Germany; Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité University MedicineBerlin, Germany
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LI QINGLIN, YAN XIAOPEI, KONG HUI, XIE WEIPING, WANG HONG. Iptakalim influences the proliferation and apoptosis of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:715-20. [PMID: 27221642 PMCID: PMC4918544 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of an ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel opener iptakalim (IPT) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs), and examine the potential value of IPT to hypoxic pulmonary hyper-tension (HPH) at a cellular level. HPASMCs were divided into the control, ET-1, ET-1+IPT and ET-1+IPT+glibenclamide (GLI) groups. GLI was administered 30 min prior to ET-1 and IPT. The 4 groups were incubated with corresponding reagents for 24 h. Cell viability was evaluated using a CCK-8 assay, cell proliferation by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay, and cell apoptosis via the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, i.e., Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) using western blotting. We incubated HPASMCs with varying concentrations of ET-1 for 24, 48 and 72 h, and found that cell survival rate was increased in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05) rather than in a time-dependent manner (P>0.05). After co-incubation of HPASMCs with varying concentrations of IPT and ET-1 for 24 h, the cell survival rate was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The cell survival rate in the IPT+ET-1 group was significantly lower than that in the ET-1 group (P<0.05). The cell viability (P<0.05) and proliferation (P<0.05) in the ET-1 group were higher than those in the control group, and the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 was lower than the control group (P<0.05). The cell viability (P<0.05) and proliferation (P<0.05) in the ET-1+IPT group were lower than those in the ET-1 group, and the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 was higher than that in the ET-1 group (P<0.05). The cell viability (P<0.05) and proliferation (P<0.05) in the ET-1+IPT+GLI group were higher than those in the ET-1+IPT group, and the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 was lower than that in the ET-1+IPT group (P<0.05). In conclusion, IPT inhibited ET-1‑induced HPASMC proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Thus, it may play an important role in the treatment of HPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- QINGLIN LI
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - XIAOPEI YAN
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - HUI KONG
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - WEIPING XIE
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - HONG WANG
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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30
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Rincón R, Hernández A, Orozco C. In vitro effect of endothelin-1 and nifedipine on pulmonary vascular contraction of pulmonary hypertensive and non-pulmonary hypertensive chickens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1125355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Rincón
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Aureliano Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camilo Orozco
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Colombia
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Abstract
The circulation of the lung is unique both in volume and function. For example, it is the only organ with two circulations: the pulmonary circulation, the main function of which is gas exchange, and the bronchial circulation, a systemic vascular supply that provides oxygenated blood to the walls of the conducting airways, pulmonary arteries and veins. The pulmonary circulation accommodates the entire cardiac output, maintaining high blood flow at low intravascular arterial pressure. As compared with the systemic circulation, pulmonary arteries have thinner walls with much less vascular smooth muscle and a relative lack of basal tone. Factors controlling pulmonary blood flow include vascular structure, gravity, mechanical effects of breathing, and the influence of neural and humoral factors. Pulmonary vascular tone is also altered by hypoxia, which causes pulmonary vasoconstriction. If the hypoxic stimulus persists for a prolonged period, contraction is accompanied by remodeling of the vasculature, resulting in pulmonary hypertension. In addition, genetic and environmental factors can also confer susceptibility to development of pulmonary hypertension. Under normal conditions, the endothelium forms a tight barrier, actively regulating interstitial fluid homeostasis. Infection and inflammation compromise normal barrier homeostasis, resulting in increased permeability and edema formation. This article focuses on reviewing the basics of the lung circulation (pulmonary and bronchial), normal development and transition at birth and vasoregulation. Mechanisms contributing to pathological conditions in the pulmonary circulation, in particular when barrier function is disrupted and during development of pulmonary hypertension, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Suresh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Larissa A. Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Bryant AJ, Scott EW. "A small leak will sink a great ship": hypoxia-inducible factor and group III pulmonary hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3. [PMID: 27446973 PMCID: PMC4950984 DOI: 10.14800/rci.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension complicating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, also known as secondary pulmonary hypertension, represents a major source of morbidity and mortality in affected patients. While the study of primary pulmonary arterial hypertension has yielded several therapies, the same is not true for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension secondary to pulmonary fibrosis. Recent studies have indicated an important role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) - a regulatory protein that is vital in adaptation to hypoxic conditions - in the development of secondary pulmonary hypertension. HIF influences development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension through alteration in voltage-gated potassium channels and homeostatic calcium regulation, resulting in disruption of endothelial cell-cell communication, and eventual vascular remodeling. This article summarizes salient literature related to HIF and secondary pulmonary hypertension, in addition to proposing a final common pathway in known mechanistic pathways that result in endothelial barrier integrity loss - vascular "leak" - primarily through a shared endothelial-epithelial signaling protein family, CCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Bryant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-0225, USA
| | - Edward W Scott
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-0225, USA
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33
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Smith KA, Voiriot G, Tang H, Fraidenburg DR, Song S, Yamamura H, Yamamura A, Guo Q, Wan J, Pohl NM, Tauseef M, Bodmer R, Ocorr K, Thistlethwaite PA, Haddad GG, Powell FL, Makino A, Mehta D, Yuan JXJ. Notch Activation of Ca(2+) Signaling in the Development of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction and Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 53:355-67. [PMID: 25569851 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0235oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is an important physiological response that optimizes the ventilation/perfusion ratio. Chronic hypoxia causes vascular remodeling, which is central to the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH). We have previously shown that Notch3 is up-regulated in HPH and that activation of Notch signaling enhances store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), an important mechanism that contributes to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and contraction. Here, we investigate the role of Notch signaling in HPV and hypoxia-induced enhancement of SOCE. We examined SOCE in human PASMCs exposed to hypoxia and pulmonary arterial pressure in mice using the isolated perfused/ventilated lung method. Wild-type and canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) 6(-/-) mice were exposed to chronic hypoxia to induce HPH. Inhibition of Notch signaling with a γ-secretase inhibitor attenuates hypoxia-enhanced SOCE in PASMCs and hypoxia-induced increase in pulmonary arterial pressure. Our results demonstrate that hypoxia activates Notch signaling and up-regulates TRPC6 channels. Additionally, treatment with a Notch ligand can mimic hypoxic responses. Finally, inhibition of TRPC6, either pharmacologically or genetically, attenuates HPV, hypoxia-enhanced SOCE, and the development of HPH. These results demonstrate that hypoxia-induced activation of Notch signaling mediates HPV and the development of HPH via functional activation and up-regulation of TRPC6 channels. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration and PASMC proliferation is critical to elucidation of the pathogenesis of HPH. Targeting Notch regulation of TRPC6 will be beneficial in the development of novel therapies for pulmonary hypertension associated with hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Smith
- Departments of 1 Medicine and.,2 Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guillaume Voiriot
- Departments of 1 Medicine and.,2 Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Departments of 1 Medicine and.,2 Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,3 Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine and
| | - Dustin R Fraidenburg
- Departments of 1 Medicine and.,2 Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shanshan Song
- Departments of 1 Medicine and.,2 Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,3 Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine and
| | - Hisao Yamamura
- Departments of 1 Medicine and.,2 Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,4 Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aya Yamamura
- Departments of 1 Medicine and.,2 Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,5 Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Qiang Guo
- Departments of 1 Medicine and.,2 Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,6 First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Departments of 1 Medicine and.,2 Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nicole M Pohl
- Departments of 1 Medicine and.,2 Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mohammad Tauseef
- 2 Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- 7 Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California
| | - Karen Ocorr
- 7 Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | - Frank L Powell
- 10 Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Ayako Makino
- Departments of 1 Medicine and.,11 Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Dolly Mehta
- 2 Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Departments of 1 Medicine and.,2 Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,3 Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine and.,11 Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
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Labrousse-Arias D, Castillo-González R, Rogers NM, Torres-Capelli M, Barreira B, Aragonés J, Cogolludo Á, Isenberg JS, Calzada MJ. HIF-2α-mediated induction of pulmonary thrombospondin-1 contributes to hypoxia-driven vascular remodelling and vasoconstriction. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 109:115-30. [PMID: 26503986 PMCID: PMC4692290 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Hypoxic conditions stimulate pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodelling, both pathognomonic changes in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The secreted protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) is involved in the maintenance of lung homeostasis. New work identified a role for TSP1 in promoting PAH. Nonetheless, it is largely unknown how hypoxia regulates TSP1 in the lung and whether this contributes to pathological events during PAH. Methods and results In cell and animal experiments, we found that hypoxia induces TSP1 in lungs, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, and pulmonary fibroblasts. Using a murine model of constitutive hypoxia, gene silencing, and luciferase reporter experiments, we found that hypoxia-mediated induction of pulmonary TSP1 is a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α-dependent process. Additionally, hypoxic tsp1−/− pulmonary fibroblasts and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell displayed decreased migration compared with wild-type (WT) cells. Furthermore, hypoxia-mediated induction of TSP1 destabilized endothelial cell–cell interactions. This provides genetic evidence that TSP1 contributes to vascular remodelling during PAH. Expanding cell data to whole tissues, we found that, under hypoxia, pulmonary arteries (PAs) from WT mice had significantly decreased sensitivity to acetylcholine (Ach)-stimulated endothelial-dependent vasodilation. In contrast, hypoxic tsp1−/− PAs retained sensitivity to Ach, mediated in part by TSP1 regulation of pulmonary Kv channels. Translating these preclinical studies, we find in the lungs from individuals with end-stage PAH, both TSP1 and HIF-2α protein expression increased in the pulmonary vasculature compared with non-PAH controls. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that HIF-2α is clearly implicated in the TSP1 pulmonary regulation and provide new insights on its contribution to PAH-driven vascular remodelling and vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Labrousse-Arias
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma of Madrid, Diego de Leon 62, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Raquel Castillo-González
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma of Madrid, Diego de Leon 62, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Natasha M Rogers
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mar Torres-Capelli
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma of Madrid, Diego de Leon 62, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Bianca Barreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Aragonés
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma of Madrid, Diego de Leon 62, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Ángel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Jeffrey S Isenberg
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, E1258, BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - María J Calzada
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma of Madrid, Diego de Leon 62, Madrid 28006, Spain
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Veith C, Schermuly RT, Brandes RP, Weissmann N. Molecular mechanisms of hypoxia-inducible factor-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell alterations in pulmonary hypertension. J Physiol 2015; 594:1167-77. [PMID: 26228924 DOI: 10.1113/jp270689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) is essential for the viability and function of most metazoan organisms and thus is closely monitored at both the organismal and the cellular levels. However, alveoli often encounter decreased O2 levels (hypoxia), leading to activation of physiological or pathophysiological responses in the pulmonary arteries. Such changes are achieved by activation of transcription factors. The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the most prominent hypoxia-regulated transcription factors in this regard. HIFs bind to hypoxia-response elements (HREs) in the promoter region of target genes, whose expression and translation allows the organism, amongst other factors, to cope with decreased environmental O2 partial pressure (pO2). However, prolonged HIF activation can contribute to major structural alterations, especially in the lung, resulting in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). PH is characterized by a rise in pulmonary arterial pressure associated with pulmonary arterial remodelling, concomitant with a reduced intravascular lumen area. Patients with PH develop right heart hypertrophy and eventually die from right heart failure. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms of HIF regulation in PH is critical for the identification of novel therapeutic strategies. This review addresses the relationship of hypoxia and the HIF system with pulmonary arterial dysfunction in PH. We particularly focus on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the HIF-driven pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Veith
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, ECCPS, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), 35392, Giessen, Germany
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Boucherat O, Chabot S, Antigny F, Perros F, Provencher S, Bonnet S. Potassium channels in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:1167-77. [PMID: 26341985 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00798-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating cardiopulmonary disorder with various origins. All forms of PAH share a common pulmonary arteriopathy characterised by vasoconstriction, remodelling of the pre-capillary pulmonary vessel wall, and in situ thrombosis. Although the pathogenesis of PAH is recognised as a complex and multifactorial process, there is growing evidence that potassium channels dysfunction in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells is a hallmark of PAH. Besides regulating many physiological functions, reduced potassium channels expression and/or activity have significant effects on PAH establishment and progression. This review describes the molecular mechanisms and physiological consequences of potassium channel modulation. Special emphasis is placed on KCNA5 (Kv1.5) and KCNK3 (TASK1), which are considered to play a central role in determining pulmonary vascular tone and may represent attractive therapeutic targets in the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boucherat
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Chabot
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Frédéric Perros
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Gai XY, Tang F, Ma J, Zeng KW, Wang SL, Wang YP, Wuren TN, Lu DX, Zhou Y, Ge RL. Antiproliferative effect of echinacoside on rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells under hypoxia. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 126:155-63. [PMID: 25341567 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.14072fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of echinacoside (ECH) on hypoxia-induced proliferation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and the underlying mechanism. PASMCs were incubated under normoxia (nor), hypoxia (hyp), hypoxia + 0.35 mM ECH (hyp + ECH0.35), or hypoxia + 0.4 mM ECH (hyp + ECH0.4) for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed by MTS assays. The morphology of apoptosis was observed by DAPI staining, and apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometric analysis. Caspase-3 activity was determined by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR, and the expressions of HIF-1α, Bax, Bcl-2, and Fas were determined by real-time PCR. Hypoxia induced significant proliferation of PASMCs, which could be inhibited by ECH in a concentration-dependent manner. This was associated with apoptosis of PASMCs. Z-DEVD-FMK could partly reduce the suppression effect of ECH; protein and gene expression of caspase-3 were significantly higher in the hyp + ECH0.4 and hyp + ECH0.35 groups. ECH significantly increased the expressions of Bax and Fas, but decreased the expressions of Bcl-2 and HIF-1α. ECH could inhibit hypoxia-induced proliferation of rat PASMCs, which is associated with apoptosis of PASMCs and improvement of hypoxia. ECH might be a potential agent for prevention and treatment of hypoxia-induced PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yun Gai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
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38
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Veit F, Pak O, Brandes RP, Weissmann N. Hypoxia-dependent reactive oxygen species signaling in the pulmonary circulation: focus on ion channels. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:537-52. [PMID: 25545236 PMCID: PMC4322788 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE An acute lack of oxygen in the lung causes hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, which optimizes gas exchange. In contrast, chronic hypoxia triggers a pathological vascular remodeling causing pulmonary hypertension, and ischemia can cause vascular damage culminating in lung edema. RECENT ADVANCES Regulation of ion channel expression and gating by cellular redox state is a widely accepted mechanism; however, it remains a matter of debate whether an increase or a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs under hypoxic conditions. Ion channel redox regulation has been described in detail for some ion channels, such as Kv channels or TRPC6. However, in general, information on ion channel redox regulation remains scant. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS In addition to the debate of increased versus decreased ROS production during hypoxia, we aim here at describing and deciphering why different oxidants, under different conditions, can cause both activation and inhibition of channel activity. While the upstream pathways affecting channel gating are often well described, we need a better understanding of redox protein modifications to be able to determine the complexity of ion channel redox regulation. Against this background, we summarize the current knowledge on hypoxia-induced ROS-mediated ion channel signaling in the pulmonary circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Veit
- 1 Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Giessen, Germany
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Lai N, Lu W, Wang J. Ca(2+) and ion channels in hypoxia-mediated pulmonary hypertension. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:1081-1092. [PMID: 25972995 PMCID: PMC4396234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar hypoxia, a consequence of many lung diseases, can have adverse effects on the pulmonary vasculature. The changes that occur in the pulmonary circulation with exposure to chronic hypoxia include reductions in the diameter of the pulmonary arteries due to structural remodeling of the vasculature. Although the structural and functional changes that occur in the development of pulmonary hypertension have been well investigated, less is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this process. This review will discuss the role of several potassium and calcium channels in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, both in elevating calcium influx into pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). In addition to other signal transduction pathways, Ca(2+) signaling in PASMCs plays an important role in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension due to its central roles in vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. This review will focus on the effect of chronic hypoxia on ion channels and the potential pathogenic role of Ca(2+) signaling and regulation in the progression of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University China
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University China
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40
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Zheng L, Liu M, Wei M, Liu Y, Dong M, Luo Y, Zhao P, Dong H, Niu W, Yan Z, Li Z. Tanshinone IIA attenuates hypoxic pulmonary hypertension via modulating KV currents. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 205:120-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pugliese SC, Poth JM, Fini MA, Olschewski A, El Kasmi KC, Stenmark KR. The role of inflammation in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension: from cellular mechanisms to clinical phenotypes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 308:L229-52. [PMID: 25416383 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00238.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (PH) comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases sharing the common feature of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling. The disease is usually characterized by mild to moderate pulmonary vascular remodeling that is largely thought to be reversible compared with the progressive irreversible disease seen in World Health Organization (WHO) group I disease. However, in these patients, the presence of PH significantly worsens morbidity and mortality. In addition, a small subset of patients with hypoxic PH develop "out-of-proportion" severe pulmonary hypertension characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling that is irreversible and similar to that in WHO group I disease. In all cases of hypoxia-related vascular remodeling and PH, inflammation, particularly persistent inflammation, is thought to play a role. This review focuses on the effects of hypoxia on pulmonary vascular cells and the signaling pathways involved in the initiation and perpetuation of vascular inflammation, especially as they relate to vascular remodeling and transition to chronic irreversible PH. We hypothesize that the combination of hypoxia and local tissue factors/cytokines ("second hit") antagonizes tissue homeostatic cellular interactions between mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts and/or smooth muscle cells) and macrophages and arrests these cells in an epigenetically locked and permanently activated proremodeling and proinflammatory phenotype. This aberrant cellular cross-talk between mesenchymal cells and macrophages promotes transition to chronic nonresolving inflammation and vascular remodeling, perpetuating PH. A better understanding of these signaling pathways may lead to the development of specific therapeutic targets, as none are currently available for WHO group III disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Pugliese
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado;
| | - Jens M Poth
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mehdi A Fini
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; and
| | - Karim C El Kasmi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Yu J, Park MH, Jo SH. Inhibitory effects of cortisone and hydrocortisone on human Kv1.5 channel currents. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 746:158-66. [PMID: 25449034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are the primary hormones that respond to stress and protect organisms from dangerous situations. The glucocorticoids hydrocortisone and its dormant form, cortisone, affect the cardiovascular system with changes such as increased blood pressure and cardioprotection. Kv1.5 channels play a critical role in the maintenance of cellular membrane potential and are widely expressed in pancreatic β-cells, neurons, myocytes, and smooth muscle cells of the pulmonary vasculature. We examined the electrophysiological effects of both cortisone and hydrocortisone on human Kv1.5 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes using a two-microelectrode voltage clamp technique. Both cortisone and hydrocortisone rapidly and irreversibly suppressed the amplitude of Kv1.5 channel current with IC50 values of 50.2±4.2μM and 33.4±3.2μM, respectively, while sustained the current trace shape of Kv1.5 current. The inhibitory effect of cortisone on Kv1.5 decreased progressively from -10mV to +30mV, while hydrocortisone׳s inhibition of the channel did not change across the same voltage range. Both cortisone and hydrocortisone blocked Kv1.5 channel currents in a non-use-dependent manner and neither altered the channel׳s steady-state activation or inactivation curves. These results show that cortisone and hydrocortisone inhibited Kv1.5 channel currents differently, and that Kv1.5 channels were more sensitive to hydrocortisone than to cortisone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BK21 plus Graduate Program, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyeong Park
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BK21 plus Graduate Program, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Jo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BK21 plus Graduate Program, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Ivy CM, Scott GR. Control of breathing and the circulation in high-altitude mammals and birds. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2014; 186:66-74. [PMID: 25446936 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is an unremitting stressor at high altitudes that places a premium on oxygen transport by the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Phenotypic plasticity and genotypic adaptation at various steps in the O2 cascade could help offset the effects of hypoxia on cellular O2 supply in high-altitude natives. In this review, we will discuss the unique mechanisms by which ventilation, cardiac output, and blood flow are controlled in high-altitude mammals and birds. Acclimatization to high altitudes leads to some changes in respiratory and cardiovascular control that increase O2 transport in hypoxia (e.g., ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia). However, acclimatization or development in hypoxia can also modify cardiorespiratory control in ways that are maladaptive for O2 transport. Hypoxia responses that arose as short-term solutions to O2 deprivation (e.g., peripheral vasoconstriction) or regional variation in O2 levels in the lungs (i.e., hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction) are detrimental at in chronic high-altitude hypoxia. Evolved changes in cardiorespiratory control have arisen in many high-altitude taxa, including increases in effective ventilation, attenuation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, and changes in catecholamine sensitivity of the heart and systemic vasculature. Parallel evolution of some of these changes in independent highland lineages supports their adaptive significance. Much less is known about the genomic bases and potential interactive effects of adaptation, acclimatization, developmental plasticity, and trans-generational epigenetic transfer on cardiorespiratory control. Future work to understand these various influences on breathing and circulation in high-altitude natives will help elucidate how complex physiological systems can be pushed to their limits to maintain cellular function in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Ivy
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Graham R Scott
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Liu YQ, Huang WX, Sanchez RM, Min JW, Hu JJ, He XH, Peng BW. Regulation of Kv4.2 A-Type Potassium Channels in HEK-293 Cells by Hypoxia. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:329. [PMID: 25352783 PMCID: PMC4196569 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously observed that A-type potassium currents were decreased and membrane excitability increased in hippocampal dentate granule cells after neonatal global hypoxia associated with seizures. Here, we studied the effects of hypoxia on the function and expression of Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 α subunit channels, which encode rapidly inactivating A-type K currents, in transfected HEK-293 cells to determine if hypoxia alone could regulate IAin vitro. Global hypoxia in neonatal rat pups resulted in early decreased hippocampal expression of Kv4.2 mRNA and protein with 6 or 12 h post-hypoxia. Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings revealed that similar times after hypoxia (1%) in vitro decreased peak currents mediated by recombinant Kv4.2 but not Kv4.3 channels. Hypoxia had no significant effect on the voltage-dependencies of activation and inactivation of Kv4.2 channels, but increased the time constant of activation. The same result was observed when Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 channels were co-expressed in a 1:1 ratio. These data suggested that hypoxia directly modulates A-type potassium channels of the subfamily typically expressed in principal hippocampal neurons, and does so in a manner to decrease function. Given the role of IA to slow action potential firing, these data are consistent with a direct effect of hypoxia to decrease IA as a mechanism of increased neuronal excitability and promotion of seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiang Liu
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Wen-Xian Huang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Russell M Sanchez
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Neuroscience Institute, Scott and White Hospital, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System , Temple, TX , USA
| | - Jia-Wei Min
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Jiang-Jian Hu
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Xiao-Hua He
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Bi-Wen Peng
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
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Pandit LM, Lloyd EE, Reynolds JO, Lawrence WS, Reynolds C, Wehrens XHT, Bryan RM. TWIK-2 channel deficiency leads to pulmonary hypertension through a rho-kinase-mediated process. Hypertension 2014; 64:1260-5. [PMID: 25245387 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
TWIK-2 (KCNK6) is a member of the 2-pore domain (K2P) family of potassium channels, which are highly expressed in the vascular system. We tested the hypothesis that TWIK-2 deficiency leads to pulmonary hypertension. TWIK-2 knockout mice and their wildtype littermates at 8 weeks of age had similar mean right ventricular systolic pressures (24±3 and 21±3 mm Hg, respectively.) Significantly, by 20 weeks of age, the mean right ventricular systolic pressures in TWIK-2 knockout mice increased to 35±3 mm Hg (P≤0.036), whereas mean right ventricular systolic pressures in wildtype littermates remained at 22±3 mm Hg. Elevated mean right ventricular systolic pressures in the TWIK-2 knockout mice was accompanied by pulmonary vascular remodeling as determined by a 25% increase in the cross-sectional area of the vessels occupied by the vessel wall. Additionally, secondary branches of the pulmonary artery from 20-week-old TWIK-2 knockout mice showed an enhanced contractile response to U46619 (10(-6) moles/L), a thromboxane A2 mimetic, which was completely abolished with the Rho-kinase inhibitor, Y27632 (10(-6) and 10(-5) moles/L). Treatment of TWIK-2 knockout mice with the Rho-kinase inhibitor, fasudil, in the drinking water for 12 weeks, abolished the development of pulmonary hypertension and attenuated the vessel remodeling. We concluded that mice deficient in the TWIK-2 channel develop pulmonary hypertension between 8 and 20 weeks of age through a mechanism involving Rho-kinase. Our results suggest that downregulation of TWIK-2 in the pulmonary vasculature may be an underlying mechanism in the development of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavannya M Pandit
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (L.M.P., X.H.T.W., R.M.B.), Anesthesiology (E.E.L., R.M.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.O.R., C.R., X.H.T.W., R.M.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (W.S.L.), The University of Texas Medical Branch
| | - Eric E Lloyd
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (L.M.P., X.H.T.W., R.M.B.), Anesthesiology (E.E.L., R.M.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.O.R., C.R., X.H.T.W., R.M.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (W.S.L.), The University of Texas Medical Branch
| | - Julia O Reynolds
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (L.M.P., X.H.T.W., R.M.B.), Anesthesiology (E.E.L., R.M.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.O.R., C.R., X.H.T.W., R.M.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (W.S.L.), The University of Texas Medical Branch
| | - William S Lawrence
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (L.M.P., X.H.T.W., R.M.B.), Anesthesiology (E.E.L., R.M.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.O.R., C.R., X.H.T.W., R.M.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (W.S.L.), The University of Texas Medical Branch
| | - Corey Reynolds
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (L.M.P., X.H.T.W., R.M.B.), Anesthesiology (E.E.L., R.M.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.O.R., C.R., X.H.T.W., R.M.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (W.S.L.), The University of Texas Medical Branch
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (L.M.P., X.H.T.W., R.M.B.), Anesthesiology (E.E.L., R.M.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.O.R., C.R., X.H.T.W., R.M.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (W.S.L.), The University of Texas Medical Branch
| | - Robert M Bryan
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (L.M.P., X.H.T.W., R.M.B.), Anesthesiology (E.E.L., R.M.B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.O.R., C.R., X.H.T.W., R.M.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (W.S.L.), The University of Texas Medical Branch
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Olschewski A, Papp R, Nagaraj C, Olschewski H. Ion channels and transporters as therapeutic targets in the pulmonary circulation. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 144:349-68. [PMID: 25108211 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary circulation is a low pressure, low resistance, high flow system. The low resting vascular tone is maintained by the concerted action of ion channels, exchangers and pumps. Under physiological as well as pathophysiological conditions, they are targets of locally secreted or circulating vasodilators and/or vasoconstrictors, leading to changes in expression or to posttranslational modifications. Both structural changes in the pulmonary arteries and a sustained increase in pulmonary vascular tone result in pulmonary vascular remodeling contributing to morbidity and mortality in pediatric and adult patients. There is increasing evidence demonstrating the pivotal role of ion channels such as K(+) and Cl(-) or transient receptor potential channels in different cell types which are thought to play a key role in vasoconstrictive remodeling. This review focuses on ion channels, exchangers and pumps in the pulmonary circulation and summarizes their putative pathophysiological as well as therapeutic role in pulmonary vascular remodeling. A better understanding of the mechanisms of their actions may allow for the development of new options for attenuating acute and chronic pulmonary vasoconstriction and remodeling treating the devastating disease pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Experimental Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
| | - Rita Papp
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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Ran Y, Wu H, Wei L, Yu X, Chen J, Li S, Zhang L, Lou J, Zhu D. NFATc3 pathway participates in the process that 15-LO/15-HETE protects pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells against apoptosis during hypoxia. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 34:270-82. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.917322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Makino A, Firth AL, Yuan JXJ. Endothelial and smooth muscle cell ion channels in pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. Compr Physiol 2013; 1:1555-602. [PMID: 23733654 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary circulation is a low resistance and low pressure system. Sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and excessive vascular remodeling often occur under pathophysiological conditions such as in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary vasoconstriction is a consequence of smooth muscle contraction. Many factors released from the endothelium contribute to regulating pulmonary vascular tone, while the extracellular matrix in the adventitia is the major determinant of vascular wall compliance. Pulmonary vascular remodeling is characterized by adventitial and medial hypertrophy due to fibroblast and smooth muscle cell proliferation, neointimal proliferation, intimal, and plexiform lesions that obliterate the lumen, muscularization of precapillary arterioles, and in situ thrombosis. A rise in cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]cyt) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is a major trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction, while increased release of mitogenic factors, upregulation (or downregulation) of ion channels and transporters, and abnormalities in intracellular signaling cascades are key to the remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature. Changes in the expression, function, and regulation of ion channels in PASMC and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone and development of vascular remodeling. This article will focus on describing the ion channels and transporters that are involved in the regulation of pulmonary vascular function and structure and illustrating the potential pathogenic role of ion channels and transporters in the development of pulmonary vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Makino
- Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Abstract
In the lung, acute reductions in oxygen lead to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, whereas prolonged exposures to hypoxia result in sustained vasoconstriction, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and the development of pulmonary hypertension. Data from both human subjects and animal models implicate a role for hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), oxygen-sensitive transcription factors, in pulmonary vascular responses to both acute and chronic hypoxia. In this review, we discuss work from our laboratory and others supporting a role for HIF in modulating hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and mediating hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, identify some of the downstream targets of HIF, and assess the potential to pharmacologically target the HIF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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50
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Fike CD, Aschner JL, Kaplowitz MR, Zhang Y, Madden JA. Reactive oxygen species scavengers improve voltage-gated K(+) channel function in pulmonary arteries of newborn pigs with progressive hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2013; 3:551-63. [PMID: 24618540 DOI: 10.1086/674307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Changes in voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channel function contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. Yet the mechanisms underlying Kv channel impairments in the pulmonary circulation remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROSs) contribute to the Kv channel dysfunction that develops in resistance-level pulmonary arteries (PRAs) of piglets exposed to chronic in vivo hypoxia. Piglets were raised in either room air (control) or hypoxia for 3 or 10 days. To evaluate Kv channel function, responses to the Kv channel antagonist 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) were measured in cannulated PRAs. To assess the influence of ROSs, PRAs were treated with the ROS-removing agent M40403 (which dismutates superoxide to hydrogen peroxide), plus polyethylene glycol catalase (which converts hydrogen peroxide to water). Responses to 4-AP were diminished in PRAs from both groups of hypoxic piglets. ROS-removing agents had no impact on 4-AP responses in PRAs from piglets exposed to 3 days of hypoxia but significantly increased the response to 4-AP in PRAs from piglets exposed to 10 days of hypoxia. Kv channel function is impaired in PRAs of piglets exposed to 3 or 10 days of in vivo hypoxia. ROSs contribute to Kv channel dysfunction in PRAs from piglets exposed to hypoxia for 10 days but are not involved with the Kv channel dysfunction that develops within 3 days of exposure to hypoxia. Therapies to remove ROSs might improve Kv channel function and thereby ameliorate the progression, but not the onset, of pulmonary hypertension in chronically hypoxic newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice D Fike
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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