1
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Wachter F, Pikman Y. Pathophysiology of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Acta Haematol 2024; 147:229-246. [PMID: 38228114 DOI: 10.1159/000536152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a biologically heterogenous disease arising in clonally proliferating hematopoietic stem cells. Sequential acquisition of mutations leads to expanded proliferation of clonal myeloid progenitors and failure of differentiation, leading to fulminant AML. SUMMARY Here, we review the pathophysiology of AML with a focus on factors predisposing to AML development, including prior chemo- and radiation therapy, environmental factors, and germline predisposition. KEY MESSAGE Increasing genomic characterization of AML and insight into mechanisms of its development will be critical to improvement in AML prognostication and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wachter
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yana Pikman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Martinez TC, McNerney ME. Haploinsufficient Transcription Factors in Myeloid Neoplasms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:571-598. [PMID: 37906947 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051222-013421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Many transcription factors (TFs) function as tumor suppressor genes with heterozygous phenotypes, yet haploinsufficiency generally has an underappreciated role in neoplasia. This is no less true in myeloid cells, which are normally regulated by a delicately balanced and interconnected transcriptional network. Detailed understanding of TF dose in this circuitry sheds light on the leukemic transcriptome. In this review, we discuss the emerging features of haploinsufficient transcription factors (HITFs). We posit that: (a) monoallelic and biallelic losses can have distinct cellular outcomes; (b) the activity of a TF exists in a greater range than the traditional Mendelian genetic doses; and (c) how a TF is deleted or mutated impacts the cellular phenotype. The net effect of a HITF is a myeloid differentiation block and increased intercellular heterogeneity in the course of myeloid neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner C Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Megan E McNerney
- Department of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
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3
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Minaeva M, Domingo J, Rentzsch P, Lappalainen T. Specifying cellular context of transcription factor regulons for exploring context-specific gene regulation programs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.31.573765. [PMID: 38260658 PMCID: PMC10802353 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.31.573765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the role of transcription and transcription factors in cellular identity and disease, such as cancer and autoimmunity, is essential. However, comprehensive data resources for cell line-specific transcription factor-to-target gene annotations are currently limited. To address this, we developed a straightforward method to define regulons that capture the cell-specific aspects of TF binding and transcript expression levels. By integrating cellular transcriptome and transcription factor binding data, we generated regulons for four common cell lines comprising both proximal and distal cell line-specific regulatory events. Through systematic benchmarking involving transcription factor knockout experiments, we demonstrated performance on par with state-of-the-art methods, with our method being easily applicable to other cell types of interest. We present case studies using three cancer single-cell datasets to showcase the utility of these cell-type-specific regulons in exploring transcriptional dysregulation. In summary, this study provides a valuable tool and a resource for systematically exploring cell line-specific transcriptional regulations, emphasizing the utility of network analysis in deciphering disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Minaeva
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, 17165, Sweden
| | | | - Philipp Rentzsch
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, 17165, Sweden
| | - Tuuli Lappalainen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, 17165, Sweden
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
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4
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West RR, Bauer TR, Tuschong LM, Embree LJ, Calvo KR, Tillo D, Davis J, Holland SM, Hickstein DD. A novel GATA2 distal enhancer mutation results in MonoMAC syndrome in 2 second cousins. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6351-6363. [PMID: 37595058 PMCID: PMC10587712 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the transcription factor GATA2 can cause MonoMAC syndrome, a GATA2 deficiency disease characterized by several findings, including disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, severe deficiencies of monocytes, natural killer cells, and B lymphocytes, and myelodysplastic syndrome. GATA2 mutations are found in ∼90% of patients with a GATA2 deficiency phenotype and are largely missense mutations in the conserved second zinc-finger domain. Mutations in an intron 5 regulatory enhancer element are also well described in GATA2 deficiency. Here, we present a multigeneration kindred with the clinical features of GATA2 deficiency but lacking an apparent GATA2 mutation. Whole genome sequencing revealed a unique adenine-to-thymine variant in the GATA2 -110 enhancer 116,855 bp upstream of the GATA2 ATG start site. The mutation creates a new E-box consensus in position with an existing GATA-box to generate a new hematopoietic regulatory composite element. The mutation segregates with the disease in several generations of the family. Cell type-specific allelic imbalance of GATA2 expression was observed in the bone marrow of a patient with higher expression from the mutant-linked allele. Allele-specific overexpression of GATA2 was observed in CRISPR/Cas9-modified HL-60 cells and in luciferase assays with the enhancer mutation. This study demonstrates overexpression of GATA2 resulting from a single nucleotide change in an upstream enhancer element in patients with MonoMAC syndrome. Patients in this study were enrolled in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases clinical trial and the National Cancer Institute clinical trial (both trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01905826 and #NCT01861106, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R. West
- Immune Deficiency–Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Thomas R. Bauer
- Immune Deficiency–Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laura M. Tuschong
- Immune Deficiency–Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lisa J. Embree
- Immune Deficiency–Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katherine R. Calvo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Desiree Tillo
- Genomics Core, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joie Davis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steven M. Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dennis D. Hickstein
- Immune Deficiency–Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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5
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Rein A, Geron I, Kugler E, Fishman H, Gottlieb E, Abramovich I, Giladi A, Amit I, Mulet-Lazaro R, Delwel R, Gröschel S, Levin-Zaidman S, Dezorella N, Holdengreber V, Rao TN, Yacobovich J, Steinberg-Shemer O, Huang QH, Tan Y, Chen SJ, Izraeli S, Birger Y. Cellular and metabolic characteristics of pre-leukemic hematopoietic progenitors with GATA2 haploinsufficiency. Haematologica 2023; 108:2316-2330. [PMID: 36475518 PMCID: PMC10483369 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.279437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mono-allelic germline disruptions of the transcription factor GATA2 result in a propensity for developing myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), affecting more than 85% of carriers. How a partial loss of GATA2 functionality enables leukemic transformation years later is unclear. This question has remained unsolved mainly due to the lack of informative models, as Gata2 heterozygote mice do not develop hematologic malignancies. Here we show that two different germline Gata2 mutations (TgErg/Gata2het and TgErg/Gata2L359V) accelerate AML in mice expressing the human hematopoietic stem cell regulator ERG. Analysis of Erg/Gata2het fetal liver and bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells revealed a distinct pre-leukemic phenotype. This was characterized by enhanced transition from stem to progenitor state, increased proliferation, and a striking mitochondrial phenotype, consisting of highly expressed oxidative-phosphorylation-related gene sets, elevated oxygen consumption rates, and notably, markedly distorted mitochondrial morphology. Importantly, the same mitochondrial gene-expression signature was observed in human AML harboring GATA2 aberrations. Similar to the observations in mice, non-leukemic bone marrows from children with germline GATA2 mutation demonstrated marked mitochondrial abnormalities. Thus, we observed the tumor suppressive effects of GATA2 in two germline Gata2 genetic mouse models. As oncogenic mutations often accumulate with age, GATA2 deficiency-mediated priming of hematopoietic cells for oncogenic transformation may explain the earlier occurrence of MDS/AML in patients with GATA2 germline mutation. The mitochondrial phenotype is a potential therapeutic opportunity for the prevention of leukemic transformation in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avigail Rein
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Medical School, Aviv University, Aviv 69978, Israel; The Rina Zaizov Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva; Israel; Functional Genomics and Childhood Leukaemia Research, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer
| | - Ifat Geron
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Medical School, Aviv University, Aviv 69978, Israel; The Rina Zaizov Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva; Israel; Functional Genomics and Childhood Leukaemia Research, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Petah Tikva
| | - Eitan Kugler
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Medical School, Aviv University, Aviv 69978, Israel; The Rina Zaizov Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva; Israel; Functional Genomics and Childhood Leukaemia Research, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer
| | - Hila Fishman
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Medical School, Aviv University, Aviv 69978, Israel; The Rina Zaizov Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva; Israel; Functional Genomics and Childhood Leukaemia Research, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
| | - Ifat Abramovich
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
| | - Amir Giladi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot
| | - Roger Mulet-Lazaro
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE
| | - Ruud Delwel
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam
| | - Stefan Gröschel
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, the Netherlands; Molecular Leukemogenesis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg
| | | | - Nili Dezorella
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot
| | - Vered Holdengreber
- Electron Microscopy Unit, IDRFU, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aviv University
| | - Tata Nageswara Rao
- Stem Cells and Leukemia Laboratory, University Clinic of Hematology and Central Hematology, Department of Biomedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital Bern, University of Bern
| | - Joanne Yacobovich
- The Rina Zaizov Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva
| | - Orna Steinberg-Shemer
- The Rina Zaizov Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva; Israel; Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Petah Tikva
| | - Qiu-Hua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025
| | - Yun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025
| | - Sai-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025
| | - Shai Izraeli
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Medical School, Aviv University, Aviv 69978, Israel; The Rina Zaizov Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva; Israel; Functional Genomics and Childhood Leukaemia Research, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Petah Tikva.
| | - Yehudit Birger
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Medical School, Aviv University, Aviv 69978, Israel; The Rina Zaizov Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva; Israel; Functional Genomics and Childhood Leukaemia Research, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Petah Tikva.
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6
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Johnson KD, Jung MM, Tran VL, Bresnick EH. Interferon regulatory factor-8-dependent innate immune alarm senses GATA2 deficiency to alter hematopoietic differentiation and function. Curr Opin Hematol 2023; 30:117-123. [PMID: 37254854 PMCID: PMC10236032 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent discoveries have provided evidence for mechanistic links between the master regulator of hematopoiesis GATA2 and the key component of interferon and innate immunity signaling pathways, interferon-regulatory factor-8 (IRF8). These links have important implications for the control of myeloid differentiation in physiological and pathological states. RECENT FINDINGS GATA2 deficiency resulting from loss of the Gata2 -77 enhancer in progenitors triggers an alarm that instigates the transcriptional induction of innate immune signaling and distorts a myeloid differentiation program. This pathological alteration renders progenitors hyperresponsive to interferon γ, toll-like receptor and interleukin-6 signaling and impaired in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling. IRF8 upregulation in -77-/- progenitors promotes monocyte and dendritic cell differentiation while suppressing granulocytic differentiation. As PU.1 promotes transcription of Irf8 and other myeloid and B-lineage genes, GATA2-mediated repression of these genes opposes the PU.1-dependent activating mechanism. SUMMARY As GATA2 deficiency syndrome is an immunodeficiency disorder often involving myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia, elucidating how GATA2 commissions and decommissions genome activity and developmental regulatory programs will unveil mechanisms that go awry when GATA2 levels and/or activities are disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby D Johnson
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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7
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Pappalardo XG, Risiglione P, Zinghirino F, Ostuni A, Luciano D, Bisaccia F, De Pinto V, Guarino F, Messina A. Human VDAC pseudogenes: an emerging role for VDAC1P8 pseudogene in acute myeloid leukemia. Biol Res 2023; 56:33. [PMID: 37344914 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voltage-dependent anion selective channels (VDACs) are the most abundant mitochondrial outer membrane proteins, encoded in mammals by three genes, VDAC1, 2 and 3, mostly ubiquitously expressed. As 'mitochondrial gatekeepers', VDACs control organelle and cell metabolism and are involved in many diseases. Despite the presence of numerous VDAC pseudogenes in the human genome, their significance and possible role in VDAC protein expression has not yet been considered. RESULTS We investigated the relevance of processed pseudogenes of human VDAC genes, both in physiological and in pathological contexts. Using high-throughput tools and querying many genomic and transcriptomic databases, we show that some VDAC pseudogenes are transcribed in specific tissues and pathological contexts. The obtained experimental data confirm an association of the VDAC1P8 pseudogene with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). CONCLUSIONS Our in-silico comparative analysis between the VDAC1 gene and its VDAC1P8 pseudogene, together with experimental data produced in AML cellular models, indicate a specific over-expression of the VDAC1P8 pseudogene in AML, correlated with a downregulation of the parental VDAC1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xena Giada Pappalardo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Risiglione
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Zinghirino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Ostuni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Luciano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Faustino Bisaccia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Vito De Pinto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
- we.MitoBiotech S.R.L, C.so Italia 172, 95125, Catania, Italy
- I.N.B.B, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Interuniversity Consortium, Catania, Italy
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Guarino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
- we.MitoBiotech S.R.L, C.so Italia 172, 95125, Catania, Italy
- I.N.B.B, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Interuniversity Consortium, Catania, Italy
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Messina
- we.MitoBiotech S.R.L, C.so Italia 172, 95125, Catania, Italy.
- I.N.B.B, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Interuniversity Consortium, Catania, Italy.
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy.
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy.
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8
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Single-cell analysis of transcription factor regulatory networks reveals molecular basis for subtype-specific dysregulation in acute myeloid leukemia. BLOOD SCIENCE 2022; 4:65-75. [PMID: 35957668 PMCID: PMC9362874 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly heterogeneous acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exhibits dysregulated transcriptional programs. Transcription factor (TF) regulatory networks underlying AML subtypes have not been elucidated at single-cell resolution. Here, we comprehensively mapped malignancy-related TFs activated in different AML subtypes by analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing data from AMLs and healthy donors. We first identified six modules of regulatory networks which were prevalently dysregulated in all AML patients. AML subtypes featured with different malignant cellular composition possessed subtype-specific regulatory TFs associated with differentiation suppression or immune modulation. At last, we validated that ERF was crucial for the development of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by performing loss- and gain-of-function experiments in zebrafish embryos. Collectively, our work thoroughly documents an abnormal spectrum of transcriptional regulatory networks in AML and reveals subtype-specific dysregulation basis, which provides a prospective view to AML pathogenesis and potential targets for both diagnosis and therapy.
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9
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Johnson KD, Soukup AA, Bresnick EH. GATA2 deficiency elevates interferon regulatory factor-8 to subvert a progenitor cell differentiation program. Blood Adv 2022; 6:1464-1473. [PMID: 35008108 PMCID: PMC8905696 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell type-specific transcription factors control stem and progenitor cell transitions by establishing networks containing hundreds of genes and proteins. Network complexity renders it challenging to discover essential versus modulatory or redundant components. This scenario is exemplified by GATA2 regulation of hematopoiesis during embryogenesis. Loss of a far upstream Gata2 enhancer (-77) disrupts the GATA2-dependent transcriptome governing hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. The aberrant transcriptome includes the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) and a host of innate immune regulators. Mutant progenitors lose the capacity to balance production of diverse hematopoietic progeny. To elucidate mechanisms, we asked if IRF8 is essential, contributory, or not required. Reducing Irf8, in the context of the -77 mutant allele, reversed granulocytic deficiencies and the excessive accumulation of dendritic cell committed progenitors. Despite many dysregulated components that control vital transcriptional, signaling, and immune processes, the aberrant elevation of a single transcription factor deconstructed the differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra A. Soukup
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Emery H. Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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10
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Wang D, Zhang T, Madunić K, de Waard AA, Blöchl C, Mayboroda OA, Griffioen M, Spaapen RM, Huber CG, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM, Wuhrer M. Glycosphingolipid-Glycan Signatures of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines Reflect Hematopoietic Differentiation. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1029-1040. [PMID: 35168327 PMCID: PMC8981326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of certain glycosphingolipids (GSLs) is associated with the differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. However, the expression patterns of GSLs in AML are still poorly explored because of their complexity, the presence of multiple isomeric structures, and tedious analytical procedures. In this study, we performed an in-depth GSL glycan analysis of 19 AML cell lines using porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealing strikingly different GSL glycan profiles between the various AML cell lines. The cell lines of the M6 subtype showed a high expression of gangliosides with α2,3-sialylation and Neu5Gc, while the M2 and M5 subtypes were characterized by high expression of (neo)lacto-series glycans and Lewis A/X antigens. Integrated analysis of glycomics and available transcriptomics data revealed the association of GSL glycan abundances with the transcriptomics expression of certain glycosyltransferases (GTs) and transcription factors (TFs). In addition, correlations were found between specific GTs and TFs. Our data reveal TFs GATA2, GATA1, and RUNX1 as candidate inducers of the expression of gangliosides and sialylation via regulation of the GTs ST3GAL2 and ST8SIA1. In conclusion, we show that GSL glycan expression levels are associated with hematopoietic AML classifications and TF and GT gene expression. Further research is needed to dissect the regulation of GSL expression and its role in hematopoiesis and associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katarina Madunić
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius A de Waard
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Constantin Blöchl
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Oleg A Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Griffioen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert M Spaapen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian G Huber
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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11
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Epigenomic analysis of KLF1 haploinsufficiency in primary human erythroblasts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:336. [PMID: 35013432 PMCID: PMC8748495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency for the erythroid-specific transcription factor KLF1 is associated with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH). Increased HbF ameliorates the symptoms of β-hemoglobinopathies and downregulation of KLF1 activity has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy. However, the feasibility of this approach has been challenged by the observation that KLF1 haploinsufficient individuals with the same KLF1 variant, within the same family, display a wide range of HbF levels. This phenotypic variability is not readily explained by co-inheritance of known HbF-modulating variants in the HBB, HBS1L-MYB and/or BCL11A loci. We studied cultured erythroid progenitors obtained from Maltese individuals in which KLF1 p.K288X carriers display HbF levels ranging between 1.3 and 12.3% of total Hb. Using a combination of gene expression analysis, chromatin accessibility assays and promoter activity tests we find that variation in expression of the wildtype KLF1 allele may explain a significant part of the variability in HbF levels observed in KLF1 haploinsufficiency. Our results have general bearing on the variable penetrance of haploinsufficiency phenotypes and on conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity of variants in other transcriptional regulators such as EP300, GATA2 and RUNX1.
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12
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Roloff GW, Drazer MW, Godley LA. Inherited Susceptibility to Hematopoietic Malignancies in the Era of Precision Oncology. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 5:107-122. [PMID: 34994594 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As germline predisposition to hematopoietic malignancies has gained increased recognition and attention in the field of oncology, it is important for clinicians to use a systematic framework for the identification, management, and surveillance of patients with hereditary hematopoietic malignancies (HHMs). In this article, we discuss strategies for identifying individuals who warrant diagnostic evaluation and describe considerations pertaining to molecular testing. Although a paucity of prospective data is available to guide clinical monitoring of individuals harboring pathogenic variants, we provide recommendations for clinical surveillance based on consensus opinion and highlight current advances regarding the risk of progression to overt malignancy in HHM variant carriers. We also discuss the prognosis of HHMs and considerations surrounding the utility of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in these individuals. We close with an overview of contemporary issues at the intersection of HHMs and precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Roloff
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - Michael W Drazer
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Department of Human Genetics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Lucy A Godley
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Department of Human Genetics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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13
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Soukup AA, Matson DR, Liu P, Johnson KD, Bresnick EH. Conditionally pathogenic genetic variants of a hematopoietic disease-suppressing enhancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabk3521. [PMID: 34890222 PMCID: PMC8664263 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Human genetic variants are classified on the basis of potential pathogenicity to guide clinical decisions. However, mechanistic uncertainties often preclude definitive categorization. Germline coding and enhancer variants within the hematopoietic regulator GATA2 create a bone marrow failure and leukemia predisposition. The conserved murine enhancer promotes hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) genesis, and a single-nucleotide human variant in an Ets motif attenuates chemotherapy-induced hematopoietic regeneration. We describe “conditionally pathogenic” (CP) enhancer motif variants that differentially affect hematopoietic development and regeneration. The Ets motif variant functioned autonomously in hematopoietic cells to disrupt hematopoiesis. Because an epigenetically silenced normal allele can exacerbate phenotypes of a pathogenic heterozygous variant, we engineered a bone marrow failure model harboring the Ets motif variant and a severe enhancer mutation on the second allele. Despite normal developmental hematopoiesis, regeneration in response to chemotherapy, inflammation, and a therapeutic HSC mobilizer was compromised. The CP paradigm informs mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity and clinical genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A. Soukup
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel R. Matson
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kirby D. Johnson
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emery H. Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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14
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Tawana K, Brown AL, Churpek JE. Integrating germline variant assessment into routine clinical practice for myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukaemia: current strategies and challenges. Br J Haematol 2021; 196:1293-1310. [PMID: 34658019 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the field of hereditary haematological malignancy syndromes (HHMSs) has gained increasing recognition among clinicians and scientists worldwide. Germline mutations now account for almost 10% of adult and paediatric myelodysplasia/acute myeloid leukaemia (MDS/AML). As our ability to diagnose HHMSs has improved, we are now faced with the challenges of integrating these advances into routine clinical practice for patients with MDS/AML and how to optimise management and surveillance of patients and asymptomatic carriers. Discoveries of novel syndromes combined with clinical, genetic and epigenetic profiling of tumour samples, have highlighted unique patterns of disease evolution across HHMSs. Despite these advances, causative lesions are detected in less than half of familial cases and evidence-based guidelines are often lacking, suggesting there is much still to learn. Future research efforts are needed to sustain current momentum within the field, led not only by advancing genetic technology but essential collaboration between clinical and academic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Tawana
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna L Brown
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jane E Churpek
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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15
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Zhou J, Wang S, Nie D, Lai P, Li Y, Li Y, Jin Y, Pan J. Super-enhancer landscape reveals leukemia stem cell reliance on X-box binding protein 1 as a therapeutic vulnerability. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabh3462. [PMID: 34550724 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abh3462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Zhou
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shubo Wang
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Danian Nie
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Peilong Lai
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yanli Jin
- Jinan University Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jingxuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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16
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Coutinho DF, Boroni M, Batalha ABW, Vianna DT, Kalonji M, Bueno APS, Rouxinol S, Fernandez TS, de Mello FV, Costa ES, Abdelhay E, Monte-Mór BC, Zalcberg IR. Somatic genomic variants in refractory cytopenia of childhood. PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2021.04.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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17
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Genetics of Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143380. [PMID: 34298596 PMCID: PMC8304604 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) describes a heterogeneous group of bone marrow diseases, now understood to reflect numerous germline and somatic drivers, characterized by recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities and gene mutations. Precursor conditions including clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance confer risk for MDS as well as other hematopoietic malignancies and cardiovascular complications. The future is likely to bring an understanding of those individuals who are at the highest risk of progression to MDS and preventive strategies to prevent malignant transformation.
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18
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Human GATA2 mutations and hematologic disease: how many paths to pathogenesis? Blood Adv 2021; 4:4584-4592. [PMID: 32960960 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The surge of human genetic information, enabled by increasingly facile and economically feasible genomic technologies, has accelerated discoveries on the relationship of germline genetic variation to hematologic diseases. For example, germline variation in GATA2, encoding a vital transcriptional regulator of multilineage hematopoiesis, creates a predisposition to bone marrow failure and acute myeloid leukemia termed GATA2 deficiency syndrome. More than 300 GATA2 variants representing missense, truncating, and noncoding enhancer mutations have been documented. Although these variants can diminish GATA2 expression and/or function, the functional ramifications of many variants are unknown. Studies using genetic rescue and knockin mouse systems have established that GATA2 mutations differentially affect molecular processes in distinct target genes and within a single target cell. Considering that target genes for a transcription factor can differ in sensitivity to altered levels of the factor, and transcriptional mechanisms are often cell type specific, the context-dependent consequences of GATA2 mutations in experimental systems portend the complex phenotypes and interindividual variation of GATA2 deficiency syndrome. This review documents GATA2 human genetics and the state of efforts to traverse from physiological insights to pathogenic mechanisms.
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19
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RUNX-1 haploinsufficiency causes a marked deficiency of megakaryocyte-biased hematopoietic progenitor cells. Blood 2021; 137:2662-2675. [PMID: 33569577 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with familial platelet disorder with a predisposition to myeloid malignancy (FPDMM) harbor germline monoallelic mutations in a key hematopoietic transcription factor, RUNX-1. Previous studies of FPDMM have focused on megakaryocyte (Mk) differentiation and platelet production and signaling. However, the effects of RUNX-1 haploinsufficiency on hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and subsequent megakaryopoiesis remains incomplete. We studied induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived HPCs (iHPCs) and Mks (iMks) from both patient-derived lines and a wild-type (WT) line modified to be RUNX-1 haploinsufficient (RUNX-1+/-), each compared with their isogenic WT control. All RUNX-1+/- lines showed decreased iMk yield and depletion of an Mk-biased iHPC subpopulation. To investigate global and local gene expression changes underlying this iHPC shift, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on sorted FPDMM and control iHPCs. We defined several cell subpopulations in the Mk-biased iHPCs. Analyses of gene sets upregulated in FPDMM iHPCs indicated enrichment for response to stress, regulation of signal transduction, and immune signaling-related gene sets. Immunoblot analyses in FPDMM iMks were consistent with these findings, but also identified augmented baseline c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, known to be activated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and cellular stressors. These findings were confirmed in adult human CD34+-derived stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) transduced with lentiviral RUNX1 short hairpin RNA to mimic RUNX-1+/-. In both iHPCs and CD34+-derived HSPCs, targeted inhibitors of JNK and TGF-β1 pathways corrected the megakaryopoietic defect. We propose that such intervention may correct the thrombocytopenia in patients with FPDMM.
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20
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Johnson KD, Conn DJ, Shishkova E, Katsumura KR, Liu P, Shen S, Ranheim EA, Kraus SG, Wang W, Calvo KR, Hsu AP, Holland SM, Coon JJ, Keles S, Bresnick EH. Constructing and deconstructing GATA2-regulated cell fate programs to establish developmental trajectories. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151996. [PMID: 32736380 PMCID: PMC7596813 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem and progenitor cell fate transitions constitute key decision points in organismal development that enable access to a developmental path or actively preclude others. Using the hematopoietic system, we analyzed the relative importance of cell fate–promoting mechanisms versus negating fate-suppressing mechanisms to engineer progenitor cells with multilineage differentiation potential. Deletion of the murine Gata2−77 enhancer, with a human equivalent that causes leukemia, downregulates the transcription factor GATA2 and blocks progenitor differentiation into erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, basophils, and granulocytes, but not macrophages. Using multiomics and single-cell analyses, we demonstrated that the enhancer orchestrates a balance between pro- and anti-fate circuitry in single cells. By increasing GATA2 expression, the enhancer instigates a fate-promoting mechanism while abrogating an innate immunity–linked, fate-suppressing mechanism. During embryogenesis, the suppressing mechanism dominated in enhancer mutant progenitors, thus yielding progenitors with a predominant monocytic differentiation potential. Coordinating fate-promoting and -suppressing circuits therefore averts deconstruction of a multifate system into a monopotent system and maintains critical progenitor heterogeneity and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby D Johnson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Daniel J Conn
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Koichi R Katsumura
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Peng Liu
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Siqi Shen
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Erik A Ranheim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Sean G Kraus
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Weixin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amy P Hsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Sunduz Keles
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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21
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Bąk A, Skonieczka K, Jaśkowiec A, Junkiert-Czarnecka A, Heise M, Pilarska-Deltow M, Potoczek S, Czyżewska M, Haus O. Searching for germline mutations in the RUNX1 gene among Polish patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:1749-1755. [PMID: 33563056 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1881503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was the identification of constitutional RUNX1 mutations among AML patients. The study group included 100 patients of Polish origin, diagnosed with de novo AML. 14 out of 100 AML patients had together 17 RUNX1 mutations, three of which were found to be germline changes. The difference in germline mutation frequency between study and control groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.193), but the odds ratio was 7.215. In all patients with germline mutations, chromosome 7 aberrations were found. The difference in the frequency of chromosome 7 aberrations between the group of patients with and without germline mutations was statistically significant (p = 0.008, OR = 73.00). We showed a higher frequency of germline mutations of RUNX1 in AML patients than in the control group, which confirms the role of these mutations in the development of AML, and an association of germline mutations with aberrations of chromosome 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Bąk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skonieczka
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Jaśkowiec
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Junkiert-Czarnecka
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marta Heise
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Maria Pilarska-Deltow
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Stanisław Potoczek
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Olga Haus
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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22
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Kratz CP, Jongmans MC, Cavé H, Wimmer K, Behjati S, Guerrini-Rousseau L, Milde T, Pajtler KW, Golmard L, Gauthier-Villars M, Jewell R, Duncan C, Maher ER, Brugieres L, Pritchard-Jones K, Bourdeaut F. Predisposition to cancer in children and adolescents. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2021; 5:142-154. [PMID: 33484663 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Childhood malignancies are rarely related to known environmental exposures, and it has become increasingly evident that inherited genetic factors play a substantial causal role. Large-scale sequencing studies have shown that approximately 10% of children with cancer have an underlying cancer predisposition syndrome. The number of recognised cancer predisposition syndromes and cancer predisposition genes are constantly growing. Imaging and laboratory technologies are improving, and knowledge of the range of tumours and risk of malignancy associated with cancer predisposition syndromes is increasing over time. Consequently, surveillance measures need to be constantly adjusted to address these new findings. Management recommendations for individuals with pathogenic germline variants in cancer predisposition genes need to be established through international collaborative studies, addressing issues such as genetic counselling, cancer prevention, cancer surveillance, cancer therapy, psychological support, and social-ethical issues. This Review represents the work by a group of experts from the European Society for Paediatric Oncology (SIOPE) and aims to summarise the current knowledge and define future research needs in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Kratz
- Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marjolijn C Jongmans
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Department of Genetics, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris-Robert Debre University Hospital, Paris, France; Denis Diderot School of Medicine, University of Paris, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1131, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Katharina Wimmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sam Behjati
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK; Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lea Guerrini-Rousseau
- Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris, France
| | - Till Milde
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Paediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, Heidelberg, Germany; KiTZ Clinical Trial Unit, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristian W Pajtler
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Paediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, Heidelberg, Germany; KiTZ Clinical Trial Unit, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Golmard
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marion Gauthier-Villars
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Rosalyn Jewell
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurence Brugieres
- Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris, France
| | - Kathy Pritchard-Jones
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- SIREDO Paediatric Cancer Center, Institut Curie, Paris, France; INSERM U830, Laboratory of Translational Research in Paediatric Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Paris, France.
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23
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Edginton-White B, Bonifer C. The transcriptional regulation of normal and malignant blood cell development. FEBS J 2021; 289:1240-1255. [PMID: 33511785 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Development of multicellular organisms requires the differential usage of our genetic information to change one cell fate into another. This process drives the appearance of different cell types that come together to form specialized tissues sustaining a healthy organism. In the last decade, by moving away from studying single genes toward a global view of gene expression control, a revolution has taken place in our understanding of how genes work together and how cells communicate to translate the information encoded in the genome into a body plan. The development of hematopoietic cells has long served as a paradigm of development in general. In this review, we highlight how transcription factors and chromatin components work together to shape the gene regulatory networks controlling gene expression in the hematopoietic system and to drive blood cell differentiation. In addition, we outline how this process goes astray in blood cancers. We also touch upon emerging concepts that place these processes firmly into their associated subnuclear structures adding another layer of the control of differential gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Edginton-White
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, UK
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24
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Zhang T, Liu D, Wang Y, Sun M, Xia L. The E-Twenty-Six Family in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Moving into the Spotlight. Front Oncol 2021; 10:620352. [PMID: 33585247 PMCID: PMC7873604 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.620352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although therapeutic strategies have recently advanced, tumor metastasis and drug resistance continue to pose challenges in the treatment of HCC. Therefore, new molecular targets are needed to develop novel therapeutic strategies for this cancer. E-twenty-six (ETS) transcription family has been implicated in human malignancies pathogenesis and progression, including leukemia, Ewing sarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Recently, increasing studies have expanded its great potential as functional players in other cancers, including HCC. This review focuses primarily on the key functions and molecular mechanisms of ETS factors in HCC. Elucidating these molecular details may provide novel potential therapeutic strategies for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Limin Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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Jiang G, Liu Q, Kato T, Miao H, Gao X, Liu K, Chen S, Sakamoto N, Kuno T, Fang Y. Role of mitochondrial complex III/IV in the activation of transcription factor Rst2 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol Microbiol 2021; 115:1323-1338. [PMID: 33400299 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play essential roles in eukaryotic cells for glucose metabolism to produce ATP. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, transcription factor Rst2 can be activated upon glucose deprivation. However, the link between Rst2 and mitochondrial function remains elusive. Here, we monitored Rst2 transcriptional activity in living cells using a Renilla luciferase reporter system, and found that inhibition of mitochondrial complex III/IV caused cells to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), which in turn activated Rst2. Furthermore, Rst2-GFP was observed to translocate from cytoplasm to nucleus upon mitochondrial complex III/IV inhibitors treatment, and deletion of genes associated with complex III/IV resulted in delayed process of Rst2-GFP nuclear exportation under glucose-rich condition. In particular, we found that Rst2 was phosphorylated following the treatment of complex III/IV inhibitors or SNAP. Altogether, our findings suggest that mitochondrial complex III/IV participates in the activation of Rst2 through ROS and NO generation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglie Jiang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiannan Liu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Toshiaki Kato
- Division of Food and Drug Evaluation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hao Miao
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Norihiro Sakamoto
- Division of Food and Drug Evaluation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kuno
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Division of Food and Drug Evaluation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yue Fang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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26
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He W, Zhao C, Hu H. Prognostic effect of RUNX1 mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes: a meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:494-501. [PMID: 33317419 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2020.1858598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES RUNX1 mutations have been widely found in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Majority of reports revealed that RUNX1 mutations are associated with a poor prognosis. However, discrepancies still remain. The results of univariate analysis were not confirmed in multivariate analysis in some cases. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the prognostic effect of RUNX1 mutations in MDS. METHODS We extracted data from qualified studies that were searched from PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the overall survival (OS) and leukemia free survival (LFS) were pooled from the multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Sixteen studies containing 5422 patients were included in this meta-analysis. There were 617 patients with mutated RUNX1 and 4805 patients with wide type RUNX1. The total HR for OS was 1.43 (95% CI = 1.21-1.70, P < 0.0001) and the counterpart of LFS was 1.88 (95% CI = 1.42-2.51, P < 0.0001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results suggest that the RUNX1 mutations are associated with unfavorable outcomes and shorter survival in patients with MDS. Furthermore, poor prognosis of patients might be alleviated by stem cell transplantation. Patients bearing these mutations should be prioritized for aggressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People's Republic of China
| | - Caifang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixian Hu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People's Republic of China
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27
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Blanco ML, Torrent M, Bussaglia E, Badell I, Nomdedéu JF. Many signs, one mutation: Early onset of de novo GATA2 deficiency syndrome. A case report. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:3193-3197. [PMID: 33363905 PMCID: PMC7752306 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case with a broad spectrum of symptoms, related to GATA2 deficiency syndrome, which emerged as early as at 6 months of age. They ranged from lymphedema, deafness to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Blanco
- Department of HematologyHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaIIB Sant Pau and Institut Josep CarrerasBarcelonaSpain
| | - Montserrat Torrent
- Department of and PediatricsHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaIIB Sant Pau and Institut Josep CarrerasBarcelonaSpain
| | - Elena Bussaglia
- Department of HematologyHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaIIB Sant Pau and Institut Josep CarrerasBarcelonaSpain
| | - Isabel Badell
- Department of and PediatricsHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaIIB Sant Pau and Institut Josep CarrerasBarcelonaSpain
| | - Josep F. Nomdedéu
- Department of HematologyHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaIIB Sant Pau and Institut Josep CarrerasBarcelonaSpain
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28
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Farina M, Bernardi S, Gandolfi L, Zanaglio C, Morello E, Turra A, Zollner T, Gramegna D, Rambaldi B, Cattina F, Polverelli N, Malagola M, Russo D. Case Report: Late Onset of Myelodysplastic Syndrome From Donor Progenitor Cells After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Which Lessons Can We Draw From the Reported Case? Front Oncol 2020; 10:564521. [PMID: 33178592 PMCID: PMC7591784 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.564521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukemias after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) are mainly caused by recurrence of the primitive leukemic clones. More rarely, they originate from donor hematopoietic stem cells, developing the so-called donor cell leukemia (DCL) or myelodysplastic syndromes (DC-MDSs). DCL and DC-MDS can be considered as an in vivo model of leukemogenesis, and even if the pathogenetic mechanisms remain speculative, a genetic predisposition of donor progenitor cells, an altered host microenvironment, and the impairment of immune surveillance are considered the main causes. Case Presentation We report a case of DC-MDS diagnosed 5 years after an allo-SCT from a matched related donor (patient’s sister) in a patient with Philadelphia chromosome-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ B-ALL). The sex-mismatch allowed us to identify the donor cell origin. At the onset, the DC-MDS was characterized by chromosome seven monosomy and NRAS, RUNX1, and BCOR mutations. Because of a familiar history of colorectal neoplasia and the variant allele frequency (VAF) of NRAS mutation at the onset, this mutation was searched on germline DNA in both the donor and the recipient, but the result was negative. Moreover, after transplant (+4 months), the patient developed severe and long-lasting chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), requiring multiple lines of treatments. Because of the severe immunosuppression, recurrent infections occurred and, lately, the patient died due to septic shock. Conclusion This case report highlights the need, whenever possible, to evaluate the donor origin of the posttransplant myelodysplasia and acute leukemias. The potential key role of the impaired immune surveillance and of long-lasting immunosuppression appears to be emerging in the development of this case of DC-MDS. Finally, this case reminds the importance to investigate the familiar genetic predisposition in donors with a familiar history of neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Farina
- Chair of Hematology, Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, DPT of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simona Bernardi
- Chair of Hematology, Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, DPT of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,CREA Laboratory (Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica AIL), ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lisa Gandolfi
- Chair of Hematology, Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, DPT of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Camilla Zanaglio
- Chair of Hematology, Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, DPT of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,CREA Laboratory (Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica AIL), ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Morello
- Chair of Hematology, Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, DPT of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Turra
- Chair of Hematology, Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, DPT of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Tatiana Zollner
- Chair of Hematology, Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, DPT of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Doriana Gramegna
- Chair of Hematology, Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, DPT of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Rambaldi
- Chair of Hematology, Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, DPT of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Cattina
- Chair of Hematology, Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, DPT of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Polverelli
- Chair of Hematology, Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, DPT of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Malagola
- Chair of Hematology, Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, DPT of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Domenico Russo
- Chair of Hematology, Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, DPT of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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29
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Khan I, Eklund EE, Gartel AL. Therapeutic Vulnerabilities of Transcription Factors in AML. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:229-237. [PMID: 33158995 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by impaired myeloid lineage differentiation, uncontrolled proliferation, and inhibition of proapoptotic pathways. In spite of a relatively homogeneous clinical disease presentation, risk of long-term survival in AML varies from 20% to 80% depending on molecular disease characteristics. In recognition of the molecular heterogeneity of AML, the European Leukemia Net (ELN) and WHO classification systems now incorporate cytogenetics and increasing numbers of gene mutations into AML prognostication. Several of the genomic AML subsets are characterized by unique transcription factor alterations that are highlighted in this review. There are many mechanisms of transcriptional deregulation in leukemia. We broadly classify transcription factors based on mechanisms of transcriptional deregulation including direct involvement of transcription factors in recurrent translocations, loss-of-function mutations, and intracellular relocalization. Transcription factors, due to their pleiotropic effects, have been attractive but elusive targets. Indirect targeting approaches include inhibition of upstream kinases such as TAK1 for suppression of NFκB signaling and downstream effectors such as FGF signaling in HOXA-upregulated leukemia. Other strategies include targeting scaffolding proteins like BrD4 in the case of MYC or coactivators such as menin to suppress HOX expression; disrupting critical protein interactions in the case of β-catenin:TCF/LEF, and preventing transcription factor binding to DNA as in the case of PU.1 or FOXM1. We comprehensively describe the mechanism of deregulation of transcription factors in genomic subsets of AML, consequent pathway addictions, and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irum Khan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth E Eklund
- Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrei L Gartel
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois.
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30
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Daw S, Law S. The functional interplay of transcription factors and cell adhesion molecules in experimental myelodysplasia including hematopoietic stem progenitor compartment. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:535-551. [PMID: 33011884 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome is a heterogenous group of disorder with clonal dysregulated hematopoiesis characterized by bone marrow failure, cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities and variable risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The bone marrow niche plays a major role in maintaining the homeostasis and is often injured by the chemotherapeutic drugs leading to catastrophic consequences like myelodysplastic syndrome. In the present study, we made an attempt to find out the osteoblastic niche related alterations in the myelodysplastic bone marrow through mainly flowcytometric and fluorescent microscopic studies. We have also checked the condition of the myelodysplastic bone through micro computed tomography. The results revealed that the affected osteoblasts of the myelodysplastic bone marrow compelled the hematopoietic stem cell to come out of quiescence and become actively proliferating, and in this scenario the decline in expression of cell adhesion molecules like N-Cadherin, Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM) and upregulated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) played a major role. The hike in number of osteoclasts in myelodysplastic cases than control also shattered the balance between bone formation and resorption ratio. We have recorded a dysregulated expression of transcription factors GATA2 and CEBPα (CCAAT-enhancer-binding-protein) in the hematopoietic stem progenitor compartment of the myelodysplastic bone marrow, the main reason behind the presence of abnormal myeloblasts in myelodysplastic cases. Collectively, we can say the coordinated perturbations in the osteoblastic niche, cell adhesion molecules together with the transcription factors has resulted in the uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic stem cell, dysregulated myelopoiesis, early trafficking of hematopoietic progenitors to blood compartment and at the same time pancytopenic peripheral blood conditions during the progression of N-Ethyl N Nitroso Urea (ENU) induced myelodysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Daw
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical, Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujata Law
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical, Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India.
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31
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Liggett LA, Sankaran VG. Unraveling Hematopoiesis through the Lens of Genomics. Cell 2020; 182:1384-1400. [PMID: 32946781 PMCID: PMC7508400 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis has long served as a paradigm of stem cell biology and tissue homeostasis. In the past decade, the genomics revolution has ushered in powerful new methods for investigating the hematopoietic system that have provided transformative insights into its biology. As part of the advances in genomics, increasingly accurate deep sequencing and novel methods of cell tracking have revealed hematopoiesis to be more of a continuous and less of a discrete and punctuated process than originally envisioned. In part, this continuous nature of hematopoiesis is made possible by the emergent outcomes of vast, interconnected regulatory networks that influence cell fates and lineage commitment. It is also becoming clear how these mechanisms are modulated by genetic variation present throughout the population. This review describes how these recently uncovered complexities are reshaping our concept of tissue development and homeostasis while opening up a more comprehensive future understanding of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alexander Liggett
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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32
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Tummala H, Walne AJ, Bewicke-Copley F, Ellison A, Pontikos N, Bridger MG, Rio-Machin A, Sidhu JK, Wang J, Hasle H, Fitzgibbon J, Vulliamy T, Dokal I. A frameshift variant in specificity protein 1 triggers superactivation of Sp1-mediated transcription in familial bone marrow failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17151-17155. [PMID: 32636268 PMCID: PMC7382244 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002857117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure (BMF) syndromes are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by defective hematopoiesis and often predisposing to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia. We have studied a large family consisting of several affected individuals with hematologic abnormalities, including one family member who died of acute leukemia. By whole-exome sequencing, we identified a novel frameshift variant in the ubiquitously expressed transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1). This heterozygous variant (c.1995delA) truncates the canonical Sp1 molecule in the highly conserved C-terminal DNA-binding zinc finger domains. Transcriptomic analysis and gene promoter characterization in patients' blood revealed a hypermorphic effect of this Sp1 variant, triggering superactivation of Sp1-mediated transcription and driving significant up-regulation of Sp1 target genes. This familial genetic study indicates a central role for Sp1 in causing autosomal dominant transmission of BMF, thereby confirming its critical role in hematopoiesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Tummala
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT London, United Kingdom;
| | - Amanda J Walne
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Findlay Bewicke-Copley
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Ellison
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolas Pontikos
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria G Bridger
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Rio-Machin
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmin K Sidhu
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Wang
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jude Fitzgibbon
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Vulliamy
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Inderjeet Dokal
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT London, United Kingdom
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33
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Blood disease-causing and -suppressing transcriptional enhancers: general principles and GATA2 mechanisms. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2045-2056. [PMID: 31289032 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive scrutiny of human genomes has unveiled considerable genetic variation in coding and noncoding regions. In cancers, including those of the hematopoietic system, genomic instability amplifies the complexity and functional consequences of variation. Although elucidating how variation impacts the protein-coding sequence is highly tractable, deciphering the functional consequences of variation in noncoding regions (genome reading), including potential transcriptional-regulatory sequences, remains challenging. A crux of this problem is the sheer abundance of gene-regulatory sequence motifs (cis elements) mediating protein-DNA interactions that are intermixed in the genome with thousands of look-alike sequences lacking the capacity to mediate functional interactions with proteins in vivo. Furthermore, transcriptional enhancers harbor clustered cis elements, and how altering a single cis element within a cluster impacts enhancer function is unpredictable. Strategies to discover functional enhancers have been innovated, and human genetics can provide vital clues to achieve this goal. Germline or acquired mutations in functionally critical (essential) enhancers, for example at the GATA2 locus encoding a master regulator of hematopoiesis, have been linked to human pathologies. Given the human interindividual genetic variation and complex genetic landscapes of hematologic malignancies, enhancer corruption, creation, and expropriation by new genes may not be exceedingly rare mechanisms underlying disease predisposition and etiology. Paradigms arising from dissecting essential enhancer mechanisms can guide genome-reading strategies to advance fundamental knowledge and precision medicine applications. In this review, we provide our perspective of general principles governing the function of blood disease-linked enhancers and GATA2-centric mechanisms.
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34
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Brown AL, Hahn CN, Scott HS. Secondary leukemia in patients with germline transcription factor mutations (RUNX1, GATA2, CEBPA). Blood 2020; 136:24-35. [PMID: 32430494 PMCID: PMC7332898 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition that germline mutations can predispose individuals to blood cancers, often presenting as secondary leukemias, has largely been driven in the last 20 years by studies of families with inherited mutations in the myeloid transcription factors (TFs) RUNX1, GATA2, and CEBPA. As a result, in 2016, classification of myeloid neoplasms with germline predisposition for each of these and other genes was added to the World Health Organization guidelines. The incidence of germline mutation carriers in the general population or in various clinically presenting patient groups remains poorly defined for reasons including that somatic mutations in these genes are common in blood cancers, and our ability to distinguish germline (inherited or de novo) and somatic mutations is often limited by the laboratory analyses. Knowledge of the regulation of these TFs and their mutant alleles, their interaction with other genes and proteins and the environment, and how these alter the clinical presentation of patients and their leukemias is also incomplete. Outstanding questions that remain for patients with these germline mutations or their treating clinicians include: What is the natural course of the disease? What other symptoms may I develop and when? Can you predict them? Can I prevent them? and What is the best treatment? The resolution of many of the remaining clinical and biological questions and effective evidence-based treatment of patients with these inherited mutations will depend on worldwide partnerships among patients, clinicians, diagnosticians, and researchers to aggregate sufficient longitudinal clinical and laboratory data and integrate these data with model systems.
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MESH Headings
- Age of Onset
- Blood Cell Count
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Disease Management
- Early Detection of Cancer
- Forecasting
- GATA2 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Genes, Neoplasm
- Genetic Counseling
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Germ-Line Mutation
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Penetrance
- Prognosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Brown
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and
| | - Christopher N Hahn
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and
| | - Hamish S Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and
- ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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35
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M’kacher R, Colicchio B, Borie C, Junker S, Marquet V, Heidingsfelder L, Soehnlen K, Najar W, Hempel WM, Oudrhiri N, Wilhelm-Murer N, Miguet M, Arnoux M, Ferrapie C, Kerbrat W, Plesch A, Dieterlen A, Girinsky T, Voisin P, Deschenes G, Tabet AC, Yardin C, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Fenech M, Carde P, Jeandidier E. Telomere and Centromere Staining Followed by M-FISH Improves Diagnosis of Chromosomal Instability and Its Clinical Utility. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E475. [PMID: 32349350 PMCID: PMC7291161 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicentric chromosomes are a relevant marker of chromosomal instability. Their appearance is associated with telomere dysfunction, leading to cancer progression and a poor clinical outcome. Here, we present Telomere and Centromere staining followed by M-FISH (TC+M-FISH) for improved detection of telomere dysfunction and the identification of dicentric chromosomes in cancer patients and various genetic syndromes. Significant telomere length shortening and significantly higher frequencies of telomere loss and deletion were found in the peripheral lymphocytes of patients with cancer and genetic syndromes relative to similar age-matched healthy donors. We assessed our technique against conventional cytogenetics for the detection of dicentric chromosomes by subjecting metaphase preparations to both approaches. We identified dicentric chromosomes in 28/50 cancer patients and 21/44 genetic syndrome patients using our approach, but only 7/50 and 12/44, respectively, using standard cytogenetics. We ascribe this discrepancy to the identification of the unique configuration of dicentric chromosomes. We observed significantly higher frequencies of telomere loss and deletion in patients with dicentric chromosomes (p < 10-4). TC+M-FISH analysis is superior to classical cytogenetics for the detection of chromosomal instability. Our approach is a relatively simple but useful tool for documenting telomere dysfunction and chromosomal instability with the potential to become a standard additional diagnostic tool in medical genetics and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhia M’kacher
- Cell Environment, DNA Damage R&D, 75020 Paris, France; (K.S.); (W.N.); (W.M.H.); (P.V.)
| | - Bruno Colicchio
- IRIMAS, Institut de Recherche en Informatique, Mathématiques, Automatique et Signal, Université de Haute-Alsace, 68093 Mulhouse, France; (B.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Claire Borie
- APHP-Service D’hématologie Oncohématologie Moléculaire et Cytogénétique Hôpital Paul Brousse Université Paris Saclay/ Inserm UMR 935, 94800 Villejuif, France; (C.B.); (N.O.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (W.K.); (A.B.-G.)
| | - Steffen Junker
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Valentine Marquet
- Service de Cytogénétique, Génétique Médicale, et Biologie de la Reproduction Hôpital de la Mère et de l’Enfant, CHU Dupuytren, 87042 Limoges, France; (V.M.); (C.Y.)
| | | | - Kevin Soehnlen
- Cell Environment, DNA Damage R&D, 75020 Paris, France; (K.S.); (W.N.); (W.M.H.); (P.V.)
| | - Wala Najar
- Cell Environment, DNA Damage R&D, 75020 Paris, France; (K.S.); (W.N.); (W.M.H.); (P.V.)
- IRIMAS, Institut de Recherche en Informatique, Mathématiques, Automatique et Signal, Université de Haute-Alsace, 68093 Mulhouse, France; (B.C.); (A.D.)
- APHP-Service D’hématologie Oncohématologie Moléculaire et Cytogénétique Hôpital Paul Brousse Université Paris Saclay/ Inserm UMR 935, 94800 Villejuif, France; (C.B.); (N.O.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (W.K.); (A.B.-G.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Service de Cytogénétique, Génétique Médicale, et Biologie de la Reproduction Hôpital de la Mère et de l’Enfant, CHU Dupuytren, 87042 Limoges, France; (V.M.); (C.Y.)
- MetaSystems GmbH, Robert-Bosch-Str., 6 D-68804 Altlussheim, Germany; (L.H.); (A.P.)
- Faculté de Médicine, Université Paris Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - William M. Hempel
- Cell Environment, DNA Damage R&D, 75020 Paris, France; (K.S.); (W.N.); (W.M.H.); (P.V.)
| | - Noufissa Oudrhiri
- APHP-Service D’hématologie Oncohématologie Moléculaire et Cytogénétique Hôpital Paul Brousse Université Paris Saclay/ Inserm UMR 935, 94800 Villejuif, France; (C.B.); (N.O.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (W.K.); (A.B.-G.)
| | - Nadège Wilhelm-Murer
- Service de Génétique Groupe Hospitalier de la Région de Mulhouse et Sud Alsace Mulhouse, 68070 Mulhouse, France; (N.W.-M.); (M.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Marguerite Miguet
- Service de Génétique Groupe Hospitalier de la Région de Mulhouse et Sud Alsace Mulhouse, 68070 Mulhouse, France; (N.W.-M.); (M.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Micheline Arnoux
- APHP-Service D’hématologie Oncohématologie Moléculaire et Cytogénétique Hôpital Paul Brousse Université Paris Saclay/ Inserm UMR 935, 94800 Villejuif, France; (C.B.); (N.O.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (W.K.); (A.B.-G.)
| | - Catherine Ferrapie
- APHP-Service D’hématologie Oncohématologie Moléculaire et Cytogénétique Hôpital Paul Brousse Université Paris Saclay/ Inserm UMR 935, 94800 Villejuif, France; (C.B.); (N.O.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (W.K.); (A.B.-G.)
| | - Wendy Kerbrat
- APHP-Service D’hématologie Oncohématologie Moléculaire et Cytogénétique Hôpital Paul Brousse Université Paris Saclay/ Inserm UMR 935, 94800 Villejuif, France; (C.B.); (N.O.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (W.K.); (A.B.-G.)
| | - Andreas Plesch
- MetaSystems GmbH, Robert-Bosch-Str., 6 D-68804 Altlussheim, Germany; (L.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Alain Dieterlen
- IRIMAS, Institut de Recherche en Informatique, Mathématiques, Automatique et Signal, Université de Haute-Alsace, 68093 Mulhouse, France; (B.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Theodore Girinsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Philippe Voisin
- Cell Environment, DNA Damage R&D, 75020 Paris, France; (K.S.); (W.N.); (W.M.H.); (P.V.)
| | - Georges Deschenes
- Nephrology Department, APHP-Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Anne-Claude Tabet
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, APHP-Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Catherine Yardin
- Service de Cytogénétique, Génétique Médicale, et Biologie de la Reproduction Hôpital de la Mère et de l’Enfant, CHU Dupuytren, 87042 Limoges, France; (V.M.); (C.Y.)
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- APHP-Service D’hématologie Oncohématologie Moléculaire et Cytogénétique Hôpital Paul Brousse Université Paris Saclay/ Inserm UMR 935, 94800 Villejuif, France; (C.B.); (N.O.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (W.K.); (A.B.-G.)
| | - Michael Fenech
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA 5048, Australia
| | - Patrice Carde
- Department of Hematology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Eric Jeandidier
- Service de Génétique Groupe Hospitalier de la Région de Mulhouse et Sud Alsace Mulhouse, 68070 Mulhouse, France; (N.W.-M.); (M.M.); (E.J.)
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Salt-inducible kinase inhibition suppresses acute myeloid leukemia progression in vivo. Blood 2020; 135:56-70. [PMID: 31697837 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage-defining transcription factors (TFs) are compelling targets for leukemia therapy, yet they are among the most challenging proteins to modulate directly with small molecules. We previously used CRISPR screening to identify a salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3) requirement for the growth of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines that overexpress the lineage TF myocyte enhancer factor (MEF2C). In this context, SIK3 maintains MEF2C function by directly phosphorylating histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), a repressive cofactor of MEF2C. In this study, we evaluated whether inhibition of SIK3 with the tool compound YKL-05-099 can suppress MEF2C function and attenuate disease progression in animal models of AML. Genetic targeting of SIK3 or MEF2C selectively suppressed the growth of transformed hematopoietic cells under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Similar phenotypes were obtained when cells were exposed to YKL-05-099, which caused cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in MEF2C-expressing AML cell lines. An epigenomic analysis revealed that YKL-05-099 rapidly suppressed MEF2C function by altering the phosphorylation state and nuclear localization of HDAC4. Using a gatekeeper allele of SIK3, we found that the antiproliferative effects of YKL-05-099 occurred through on-target inhibition of SIK3 kinase activity. Based on these findings, we treated 2 different mouse models of MLL-AF9 AML with YKL-05-099, which attenuated disease progression in vivo and extended animal survival at well-tolerated doses. These findings validate SIK3 as a therapeutic target in MEF2C-addicted AML and provide a rationale for developing druglike inhibitors of SIK3 for definitive preclinical investigation and for studies in human patients.
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Wu D, Luo X, Feurstein S, Kesserwan C, Mohan S, Pineda-Alvarez DE, Godley LA. How I curate: applying American Society of Hematology-Clinical Genome Resource Myeloid Malignancy Variant Curation Expert Panel rules for RUNX1 variant curation for germline predisposition to myeloid malignancies. Haematologica 2020; 105:870-887. [PMID: 32165484 PMCID: PMC7109758 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.214221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The broad use of next-generation sequencing and microarray platforms in research and clinical laboratories has led to an increasing appreciation of the role of germline mutations in genes involved in hematopoiesis and lineage differentiation that contribute to myeloid neoplasms. Despite implementation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and Association for Molecular Pathology 2015 guidelines for sequence variant interpretation, the number of variants deposited in ClinVar, a genomic repository of genotype and phenotype data, and classified as having uncertain significance or being discordantly classified among clinical laboratories remains elevated and contributes to indeterminate or inconsistent patient care. In 2018, the American Society of Hematology and the Clinical Genome Resource co-sponsored the Myeloid Malignancy Variant Curation Expert Panel to develop rules for classifying gene variants associated with germline predisposition to myeloid neoplasia. Herein, we demonstrate application of our rules developed for the RUNX1 gene to variants in six examples to show how we would classify them within the proposed framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Pediatrics/Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Simone Feurstein
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Chimene Kesserwan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New York, NY
| | - Shruthi Mohan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Lucy A Godley
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL .,Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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ETV6: A Candidate Gene for Predisposition to "Blend Pedigrees"? A Case Report from the NEXT-Famly Clinical Trial. Case Rep Hematol 2020; 2020:2795656. [PMID: 32148977 PMCID: PMC7057007 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2795656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The identification of germline mutations in familial leukemia predisposition genes by next generation sequencing is of pivotal importance. Lately, some “blend pedigrees” characterized by both solid and hematologic malignancies have been described. Some genes were recognized as related to this double predisposition, while the involvement of others is still a matter of debate. ETV6 was associated with hematologic malignancies, in particular myeloid malignancies, and recently described as mutated also in oncologic patients. No clear evidences in its involvement in blend pedigrees are known. Case Presentation. We present our recent experience in the identification of an ETV6 was associated with hematologic malignancies, in particular myeloid malignancies, and recently described as mutated also in oncologic patients. No clear evidences in its involvement in blend pedigrees are known. ETV6 was associated with hematologic malignancies, in particular myeloid malignancies, and recently described as mutated also in oncologic patients. No clear evidences in its involvement in blend pedigrees are known. ETV6 was associated with hematologic malignancies, in particular myeloid malignancies, and recently described as mutated also in oncologic patients. No clear evidences in its involvement in blend pedigrees are known. Conclusion This evidence supports the involvement of ETV6 in the predisposition to both solid and hematologic neoplasia and the importance of the investigation of the noncoding regions of the genes as recently suggested by different expert groups.ETV6 was associated with hematologic malignancies, in particular myeloid malignancies, and recently described as mutated also in oncologic patients. No clear evidences in its involvement in blend pedigrees are known.
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The Role of MYC and PP2A in the Initiation and Progression of Myeloid Leukemias. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030544. [PMID: 32110991 PMCID: PMC7140463 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC transcription factor is one of the best characterized PP2A substrates. Deregulation of the MYC oncogene, along with inactivation of PP2A, are two frequent events in cancer. Both proteins are essential regulators of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, and they, directly and indirectly, regulate each other’s activity. Studies in cancer suggest that targeting the MYC/PP2A network is an achievable strategy for the clinic. Here, we focus on and discuss the role of MYC and PP2A in myeloid leukemias.
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Chen X, Chen HY, Chen ZD, Gong JN, Chen CYC. A novel artificial intelligence protocol for finding potential inhibitors of acute myeloid leukemia. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:2063-2081. [PMID: 32068215 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00061b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no effective treatment for acute myeloid leukemia, and surgery is also ineffective as an important treatment for most tumors. Rapidly developing artificial intelligence technology can be applied to different aspects of drug development, and it plays a key role in drug discovery. Based on network pharmacology and virtual screening, candidates were selected from the molecular database. Nine artificial intelligence algorithm models were used to further verify the candidates' potential. The 350 training results of the deep learning model showed higher credibility, and the R-square of the training set and test set of the optimal model reached 0.89 and 0.84, respectively. The random forest model has an R-square of 0.91 and a mean square error of only 0.003. The R-square of the Adaptive Boosting model and the Bagging model reached 0.92 and 0.88, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation evaluated the stability of the ligand-protein complex and achieved good results. Artificial intelligence models had unearthed the promising candidates for STAT3 inhibitors, and the good performance of most models showed that they still had practical value on small data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Artificial Intelligence Medical Center, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, China. and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, China
| | - Hsin-Yi Chen
- Artificial Intelligence Medical Center, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, China.
| | - Zhi-Dong Chen
- Artificial Intelligence Medical Center, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, China. and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, China
| | - Jia-Ning Gong
- Artificial Intelligence Medical Center, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, China. and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, China
| | - Calvin Yu-Chian Chen
- Artificial Intelligence Medical Center, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, China. and Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan and Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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41
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McReynolds LJ, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Tang J, Mulé M, Hsu AP, Townsley DM, West RR, Zhu J, Hickstein DD, Holland SM, Calvo KR, Hourigan CS. Rapid progression to AML in a patient with germline GATA2 mutation and acquired NRAS Q61K mutation. Leuk Res Rep 2019; 12:100176. [PMID: 31245276 PMCID: PMC6582196 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA2 deficiency syndrome is caused by autosomal dominant, heterozygous germline mutations with widespread effects on immune, pulmonary and vascular systems. Patients commonly develop hematological abnormalities including bone marrow failure, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We present a patient with GATA2 mutation and MDS who progressed to AML over four months. Whole exome and targeted deep sequencing identified a new p.Q61K NRAS mutation in the bone marrow at the time of AML development. Rapid development of AML is possible in the setting of germline GATA2 mutation despite stable MDS, supporting close monitoring and consideration of early allogeneic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J McReynolds
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yubo Zhang
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yanqin Yang
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jingrong Tang
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew Mulé
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Amy P Hsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Danielle M Townsley
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Robert R West
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jun Zhu
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dennis D Hickstein
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christopher S Hourigan
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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42
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Li K, Du Y, Wei DQ, Zhang F. CEBPE expression is an independent prognostic factor for acute myeloid leukemia. J Transl Med 2019; 17:188. [PMID: 31164135 PMCID: PMC6549322 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1944-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying reliable predictive markers is important to make therapeutic decisions, and determine the prognosis for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, approximately 50% patients could not be accurately predicted by existing risk factors. It is necessary to identify novel prognostic factors to subdivide the intermediate-risk group or patients without any cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities. Methods Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression were used for survival analyses in three independent AML datasets. Analyses integrating both bioinformatics and ChIP-qPCR experiments were performed to explore the role of CEBPE in regulating the expression of known prognostic factors. Results CEBPE expression was an independent predictor for both overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of AML patients. Moreover, low-expression of CEBPE was found to be associated with high relapse rate. We also proved that differential expression of CEBPE stratified the wild-type patients of multiple genes into good and poor outcomes. In addition, the results showed that no obvious improvement was achieved by allogeneic transplantation in CEBPE high-expressed group, while the survival rate (both OS and EFS) was significantly increased in transplanted patients that with low expression of CEBPE. Finally, we found that CEBPE might regulate the expression of known prognostic factors by localizing on their promoters. Conclusion Our findings indicated that CEBPE expression was an independent prognostic factor for AML survival, relapse and allogeneic transplantation, which will provide useful information for outcome prediction and therapeutic decisions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1944-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kening Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuxin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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