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Montoya-Novoa I, Gardeazábal-Torbado JL, Alegre-Martí A, Fuentes-Prior P, Estébanez-Perpiñá E. Androgen receptor post-translational modifications and their implications for pathology. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1673-1694. [PMID: 38958586 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A major mechanism to modulate the biological activities of the androgen receptor (AR) involves a growing number of post-translational modifications (PTMs). In this review we summarise the current knowledge on the structural and functional impact of PTMs that affect this major transcription factor. Next, we discuss the cross-talk between these different PTMs and the presence of clusters of modified residues in the AR protein. Finally, we discuss the implications of these covalent modifications for the aetiology of diseases such as spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy's disease) and prostate cancer, and the perspectives for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Montoya-Novoa
- Structural Biology of Nuclear Receptors, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Gardeazábal-Torbado
- Structural Biology of Nuclear Receptors, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Alegre-Martí
- Structural Biology of Nuclear Receptors, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Fuentes-Prior
- Structural Biology of Nuclear Receptors, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Estébanez-Perpiñá
- Structural Biology of Nuclear Receptors, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Karliner J, Liu Y, Merry DE. Mutant androgen receptor induces neurite loss and senescence independently of ARE binding in a neuronal model of SBMA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321408121. [PMID: 38976730 PMCID: PMC11260106 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321408121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a slowly progressing neuromuscular disease caused by a polyglutamine (polyQ)-encoding CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the androgen receptor (AR) gene, leading to AR aggregation, lower motor neuron death, and muscle atrophy. AR is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates neuronal architecture and promotes axon regeneration; however, whether AR transcriptional functions contribute to disease pathogenesis is not fully understood. Using a differentiated PC12 cell model of SBMA, we identified dysfunction of polyQ-expanded AR in its regulation of neurite growth and maintenance. Specifically, we found that in the presence of androgens, polyQ-expanded AR inhibited neurite outgrowth, induced neurite retraction, and inhibited neurite regrowth. This dysfunction was independent of polyQ-expanded AR transcriptional activity at androgen response elements (ARE). We further showed that the formation of polyQ-expanded AR intranuclear inclusions promoted neurite retraction, which coincided with reduced expression of the neuronal differentiation marker β-III-Tubulin. Finally, we revealed that cell death is not the primary outcome for cells undergoing neurite retraction; rather, these cells become senescent. Our findings reveal that mechanisms independent of AR canonical transcriptional activity underly neurite defects in a cell model of SBMA and identify senescence as a pathway implicated in this pathology. These findings suggest that in the absence of a role for AR canonical transcriptional activity in the SBMA pathologies described here, the development of SBMA therapeutics that preserve this activity may be desirable. This approach may be broadly applicable to other polyglutamine diseases such as Huntington's disease and spinocerebellar ataxias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordyn Karliner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
| | - Diane E. Merry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107
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3
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Lu L, Jifu C, Xia J, Wang J. E3 ligases and DUBs target ferroptosis: A potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116753. [PMID: 38761423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of cell death mediated by iron and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Recent studies have provided compelling evidence to support the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate ferroptosis in NDDs may improve disease management. Ferroptosis is regulated by multiple mechanisms, and different degradation pathways, including autophagy and the ubiquitinproteasome system (UPS), orchestrate the complex ferroptosis response by directly or indirectly regulating iron accumulation or lipid peroxidation. Ubiquitination plays a crucial role as a protein posttranslational modification in driving ferroptosis. Notably, E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are key enzymes in the ubiquitin system, and their dysregulation is closely linked to the progression of NDDs. A growing body of evidence highlights the role of ubiquitin system enzymes in regulating ferroptosis sensitivity. However, reports on the interaction between ferroptosis and ubiquitin signaling in NDDs are scarce. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of the biological processes and roles of the UPS, summarize the core molecular mechanisms and potential biological functions of ferroptosis, and explore the pathophysiological relevance and therapeutic implications of ferroptosis in NDDs. In addition, reviewing the roles of E3s and DUBs in regulating ferroptosis in NDDs aims to provide new insights and strategies for the treatment of NDDs. These include E3- and DUB-targeted drugs and ferroptosis inhibitors, which can be used to prevent and ameliorate the progression of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxia Lu
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, People's Republic of China
| | - Cili Jifu
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xia
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Lisberg A, Liu Y, Merry DE. Blocking the dimerization of polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor protects cells from DHT-induced toxicity by increasing AR turnover. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107246. [PMID: 38556081 PMCID: PMC11067348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a neuromuscular degenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the androgen receptor (AR). This mutation causes AR to misfold and aggregate, contributing to toxicity in and degeneration of motor neurons and skeletal muscle. There is currently no effective treatment or cure for this disease. The role of an interdomain interaction between the amino- and carboxyl-termini of AR, termed the N/C interaction, has been previously identified as a component of androgen receptor-induced toxicity in cell and mouse models of SBMA. However, the mechanism by which this interaction contributes to disease pathology is unclear. This work seeks to investigate this mechanism by interrogating the role of AR homodimerization- a unique form of the N/C-interaction- in SBMA. We show that, although the AR N/C-interaction is reduced by polyglutamine-expansion, homodimers of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-bound AR are increased. Additionally, blocking homodimerization results in decreased AR aggregation and toxicity in cell models. Blocking homodimerization results in the increased degradation of AR, which likely plays a role in the protective effects of this mutation. Overall, this work identifies a novel mechanism in SBMA pathology that may represent a novel target for the development of therapeutics for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Lisberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diane E Merry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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5
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Kinger S, Jagtap YA, Kumar P, Choudhary A, Prasad A, Prajapati VK, Kumar A, Mehta G, Mishra A. Proteostasis in neurodegenerative diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 121:270-333. [PMID: 38797543 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Proteostasis is essential for normal function of proteins and vital for cellular health and survival. Proteostasis encompasses all stages in the "life" of a protein, that is, from translation to functional performance and, ultimately, to degradation. Proteins need native conformations for function and in the presence of multiple types of stress, their misfolding and aggregation can occur. A coordinated network of proteins is at the core of proteostasis in cells. Among these, chaperones are required for maintaining the integrity of protein conformations by preventing misfolding and aggregation and guide those with abnormal conformation to degradation. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are major cellular pathways for degrading proteins. Although failure or decreased functioning of components of this network can lead to proteotoxicity and disease, like neuron degenerative diseases, underlying factors are not completely understood. Accumulating misfolded and aggregated proteins are considered major pathomechanisms of neurodegeneration. In this chapter, we have described the components of three major branches required for proteostasis-chaperones, UPS and autophagy, the mechanistic basis of their function, and their potential for protection against various neurodegenerative conditions, like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease. The modulation of various proteostasis network proteins, like chaperones, E3 ubiquitin ligases, proteasome, and autophagy-associated proteins as therapeutic targets by small molecules as well as new and unconventional approaches, shows promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kinger
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yuvraj Anandrao Jagtap
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Akash Choudhary
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Gunjan Mehta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
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6
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Li W, Li HL, Wang JZ, Liu R, Wang X. Abnormal protein post-translational modifications induces aggregation and abnormal deposition of protein, mediating neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:22. [PMID: 38347638 PMCID: PMC10863199 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PPTMs) refer to a series of chemical modifications that occur after the synthesis of protein. Proteins undergo different modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and so on. These modifications can alter the protein's structure, function, and interaction, thereby regulating its biological activity. In neurodegenerative diseases, several proteins undergo abnormal post-translational modifications, which leads to aggregation and abnormal deposition of protein, thus resulting in neuronal death and related diseases. For example, the main pathological features of Alzheimer's disease are the aggregation of beta-amyloid protein and abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein. The abnormal ubiquitination and loss of α-synuclein are related to the onset of Parkinson's disease. Other neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and so on are also connected with abnormal PPTMs. Therefore, studying the abnormal PPTMs in neurodegenerative diseases is critical for understanding the mechanism of these diseases and the development of significant therapeutic strategies. This work reviews the implications of PPTMs in neurodegenerative diseases and discusses the relevant therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong-Lian Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, JS, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, JS, China.
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Wuhan, China.
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7
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Richardson K, Sengupta M, Sujkowski A, Libohova K, Harris AC, Wessells R, Merry DE, Todi SV. A phenotypically robust model of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy in Drosophila. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25278. [PMID: 38284836 PMCID: PMC11237963 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an X-linked disorder that affects males who inherit the androgen receptor (AR) gene with an abnormal CAG triplet repeat expansion. The resulting protein contains an elongated polyglutamine (polyQ) tract and causes motor neuron degeneration in an androgen-dependent manner. The precise molecular sequelae of SBMA are unclear. To assist with its investigation and the identification of therapeutic options, we report here a new model of SBMA in Drosophila melanogaster. We generated transgenic flies that express the full-length, human AR with a wild-type or pathogenic polyQ repeat. Each transgene is inserted into the same safe harbor site on the third chromosome of the fly as a single copy and in the same orientation. Expression of pathogenic AR, but not of its wild-type variant, in neurons or muscles leads to consistent, progressive defects in longevity and motility that are concomitant with polyQ-expanded AR protein aggregation and reduced complexity in neuromuscular junctions. Additional assays show adult fly eye abnormalities associated with the pathogenic AR species. The detrimental effects of pathogenic AR are accentuated by feeding flies the androgen, dihydrotestosterone. This new, robust SBMA model can be a valuable tool toward future investigations of this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Richardson
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Medha Sengupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alyson Sujkowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kozeta Libohova
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Autumn C Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Maximizing Access to Science Careers Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Diane E Merry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Maximizing Access to Science Careers Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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8
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Blount JR, Patel NC, Libohova K, Harris AL, Tsou WL, Sujkowski A, Todi SV. Lysine 117 on ataxin-3 modulates toxicity in Drosophila models of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. J Neurol Sci 2023; 454:120828. [PMID: 37865002 PMCID: PMC10841544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Ataxin-3 (Atxn3) is a deubiquitinase with a polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat tract whose abnormal expansion causes the neurodegenerative disease, Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 (SCA3; also known as Machado-Joseph Disease). The ubiquitin chain cleavage properties of Atxn3 are enhanced when the enzyme is itself ubiquitinated at lysine (K) at position 117: in vitro, K117-ubiqutinated Atxn3 cleaves poly-ubiquitin markedly more rapidly compared to its unmodified counterpart. How polyQ expansion causes SCA3 remains unclear. To gather insights into the biology of disease of SCA3, here we posited the question: is K117 important for toxicity caused by pathogenic Atxn3? To answer this question, we generated transgenic Drosophila lines that express full-length, human, pathogenic Atxn3 with 80 polyQ with an intact or mutated K117. We found that mutating K117 mildly enhances the toxicity and aggregation of pathogenic Atxn3. An additional transgenic line that expresses Atxn3 without any K residues confirms increased aggregation of pathogenic Atxn3 whose ubiquitination is perturbed. These findings suggest that Atxn3 ubiquitination is a regulatory step of SCA3, in part by modulating its aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Blount
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, United States of America
| | - Nikhil C Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, United States of America
| | - Kozeta Libohova
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, United States of America
| | - Autumn L Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, United States of America; Maximizing Access to Research Careers, Wayne State University, United States of America
| | - Wei-Ling Tsou
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, United States of America
| | - Alyson Sujkowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, United States of America.
| | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, United States of America; Maximizing Access to Research Careers, Wayne State University, United States of America; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, United States of America.
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9
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Marchioretti C, Andreotti R, Zuccaro E, Lieberman AP, Basso M, Pennuto M. Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: From molecular pathogenesis to pharmacological intervention targeting skeletal muscle. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 71:102394. [PMID: 37463556 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2023.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The clinical characteristics of SBMA, also known as Kennedy's disease (OMIM 313200), were initially documented by Dr. H Kawahara in the 18th century and a hundred years later by Dr. W. Kennedy. SBMA is a neuromuscular disease caused by expansions of a CAG microsatellite tandem repeat in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene located on the X chromosome. These expansions result in the production of AR with an aberrantly expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract. In this review, we explore recent advancements in the significance of gene expression changes in skeletal muscle and discuss how pharmacological interventions targeting this aspect of disease pathogenesis can potentially be translated into therapies for SBMA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Marchioretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Andreotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zuccaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Manuela Basso
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.
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10
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Blount JR, Patel NC, Libohova K, Harris AL, Tsou WL, Sujkowski A, Todi SV. Lysine 117 on ataxin-3 modulates toxicity in Drosophila models of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542896. [PMID: 37398109 PMCID: PMC10312518 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Ataxin-3 (Atxn3) is a deubiquitinase with a polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat tract whose abnormal expansion causes the neurodegenerative disease, Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 (SCA3; also known as Machado-Joseph Disease). The ubiquitin chain cleavage properties of Atxn3 are enhanced when it is ubiquitinated at lysine (K) at position 117. K117-ubiqutinated Atxn3 cleaves poly-ubiquitin more rapidly in vitro compared to its unmodified counterpart and this residue is also important for Atxn3 roles in cell culture and in Drosophila melanogaster . How polyQ expansion causes SCA3 remains unclear. To gather insight into the biology of disease of SCA3, here we posited the question: is K117 important for toxicity caused by Atxn3? We generated transgenic Drosophila lines that express full-length, human, pathogenic Atxn3 with 80 polyQ with an intact or mutated K117. We found that K117 mutation mildly enhances the toxicity and aggregation of pathogenic Atxn3 in Drosophila . An additional transgenic line that expresses Atxn3 without any K residues confirms increased aggregation of pathogenic Atxn3 whose ubiquitination is perturbed. These findings suggest Atxn3 ubiquitination as a regulatory step of SCA3, in part by modulating its aggregation.
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11
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Sap KA, Geijtenbeek KW, Schipper-Krom S, Guler AT, Reits EA. Ubiquitin-modifying enzymes in Huntington's disease. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1107323. [PMID: 36926679 PMCID: PMC10013475 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1107323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the N-terminus of the HTT gene. The CAG repeat expansion translates into a polyglutamine expansion in the mutant HTT (mHTT) protein, resulting in intracellular aggregation and neurotoxicity. Lowering the mHTT protein by reducing synthesis or improving degradation would delay or prevent the onset of HD, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) could be an important pathway to clear the mHTT proteins prior to aggregation. The UPS is not impaired in HD, and proteasomes can degrade mHTT entirely when HTT is targeted for degradation. However, the mHTT protein is differently ubiquitinated when compared to wild-type HTT (wtHTT), suggesting that the polyQ expansion affects interaction with (de) ubiquitinating enzymes and subsequent targeting for degradation. The soluble mHTT protein is associated with several ubiquitin-modifying enzymes, and various ubiquitin-modifying enzymes have been identified that are linked to Huntington's disease, either by improving mHTT turnover or affecting overall homeostasis. Here we describe their potential mechanism of action toward improved mHTT targeting towards the proteostasis machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sap
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karlijne W Geijtenbeek
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Schipper-Krom
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arzu Tugce Guler
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric A Reits
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Younger DS. Neurogenetic motor disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 195:183-250. [PMID: 37562870 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98818-6.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the field of neurogenetics have practical applications in rapid diagnosis on blood and body fluids to extract DNA, obviating the need for invasive investigations. The ability to obtain a presymptomatic diagnosis through genetic screening and biomarkers can be a guide to life-saving disease-modifying therapy or enzyme replacement therapy to compensate for the deficient disease-causing enzyme. The benefits of a comprehensive neurogenetic evaluation extend to family members in whom identification of the causal gene defect ensures carrier detection and at-risk counseling for future generations. This chapter explores the many facets of the neurogenetic evaluation in adult and pediatric motor disorders as a primer for later chapters in this volume and a roadmap for the future applications of genetics in neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Younger
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Neuroscience, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine and Neurology, White Plains Hospital, White Plains, NY, United States.
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13
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Seth A, Rivera A, Choi IS, Medina-Martinez O, Lewis S, O’Neill M, Ridgeway A, Moore J, Jorgez C, Lamb DJ. Gene dosage changes in KCTD13 result in penile and testicular anomalies via diminished androgen receptor function. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22567. [PMID: 36196997 PMCID: PMC10538574 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200558r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of hypospadias and cryptorchidism, the genetic basis for these conditions is only beginning to be understood. Using array-comparative-genomic-hybridization (aCGH), potassium-channel-tetramerization-domain-containing-13 (KCTD13) encoded at 16p11.2 was identified as a candidate gene involved in hypospadias, cryptorchidism and other genitourinary (GU) tract anomalies. Copy number variants (CNVs) at 16p11.2 are among the most common syndromic genomic variants identified to date. Many patients with CNVs at this locus exhibit GU and/or neurodevelopmental phenotypes. KCTD13 encodes a substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3-ubiquitin-protein-ligase complex (BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3-ubiquitin-protein-ligase complex (B-cell receptor (BCR) [BTB (the BTB domain is a conserved motif involved in protein-protein interactions) Cullin3 complex RING protein Rbx1] E3-ubiqutin-protein-ligase complex), which has essential roles in the regulation of cellular cytoskeleton, migration, proliferation, and neurodevelopment; yet its role in GU development is unknown. The prevalence of KCTD13 CNVs in patients with GU anomalies (2.58%) is significantly elevated when compared with patients without GU anomalies or in the general population (0.10%). KCTD13 is robustly expressed in the developing GU tract. Loss of KCTD13 in cell lines results in significantly decreased levels of nuclear androgen receptor (AR), suggesting that loss of KCTD13 affects AR sub-cellular localization. Kctd13 haploinsufficiency and homozygous deletion in mice cause a significant increase in the incidence of cryptorchidism and micropenis. KCTD13-deficient mice exhibit testicular and penile abnormalities together with significantly reduced levels of nuclear AR and SOX9. In conclusion, gene-dosage changes of murine Kctd13 diminish nuclear AR sub-cellular localization, as well as decrease SOX9 expression levels which likely contribute in part to the abnormal GU tract development in Kctd13 mouse models and in patients with CNVs in KCTD13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Seth
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Surgery, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Armando Rivera
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - In-Seon Choi
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Olga Medina-Martinez
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Shaye Lewis
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Marisol O’Neill
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Alex Ridgeway
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Joshua Moore
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Carolina Jorgez
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Dolores J. Lamb
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- The James Buchanan Brady Foundation Department of Urology, Center for Reproductive Genomics and Englander Institute for Personalized Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
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14
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Sengupta M, Pluciennik A, Merry DE. The role of ubiquitination in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1020143. [PMID: 36277484 PMCID: PMC9583669 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a neurodegenerative and neuromuscular genetic disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine-encoding CAG tract in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. The AR is an important transcriptional regulator of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily; its levels are regulated in many ways including by ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification (PTM) which plays a key role in both AR transcriptional activity and its degradation. Moreover, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a fundamental component of cellular functioning and has been implicated in diseases of protein misfolding and aggregation, including polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat expansion diseases such as Huntington's disease and SBMA. In this review, we discuss the details of the UPS system, its functions and regulation, and the role of AR ubiquitination and UPS components in SBMA. We also discuss aspects of the UPS that may be manipulated for therapeutic effect in SBMA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diane E. Merry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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15
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Johnson SL, Tsou WL, Prifti MV, Harris AL, Todi SV. A survey of protein interactions and posttranslational modifications that influence the polyglutamine diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:974167. [PMID: 36187346 PMCID: PMC9515312 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.974167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence and aggregation of misfolded proteins has deleterious effects in the nervous system. Among the various diseases caused by misfolded proteins is the family of the polyglutamine (polyQ) disorders. This family comprises nine members, all stemming from the same mutation—the abnormal elongation of a polyQ repeat in nine different proteins—which causes protein misfolding and aggregation, cellular dysfunction and disease. While it is the same type of mutation that causes them, each disease is distinct: it is influenced by regions and domains that surround the polyQ repeat; by proteins with which they interact; and by posttranslational modifications they receive. Here, we overview the role of non-polyQ regions that control the pathogenicity of the expanded polyQ repeat. We begin by introducing each polyQ disease, the genes affected, and the symptoms experienced by patients. Subsequently, we provide a survey of protein-protein interactions and posttranslational modifications that regulate polyQ toxicity. We conclude by discussing shared processes and pathways that bring some of the polyQ diseases together and may serve as common therapeutic entry points for this family of incurable disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean L. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Wei-Ling Tsou
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Matthew V. Prifti
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Autumn L. Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Maximizing Access to Research Careers (MARC) Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sokol V. Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Maximizing Access to Research Careers (MARC) Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Sokol V. Todi,
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16
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Zhang XW, Feng N, Liu YC, Guo Q, Wang JK, Bai YZ, Ye XM, Yang Z, Yang H, Liu Y, Yang MM, Wang YH, Shi XM, Liu D, Tu PF, Zeng KW. Neuroinflammation inhibition by small-molecule targeting USP7 noncatalytic domain for neurodegenerative disease therapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0789. [PMID: 35947662 PMCID: PMC9365288 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a fundamental contributor to progressive neuronal damage, which arouses a heightened interest in neurodegenerative disease therapy. Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) has a crucial role in regulating protein stability in multiple biological processes; however, the potential role of USP7 in neurodegenerative progression is poorly understood. Here, we discover the natural small molecule eupalinolide B (EB), which targets USP7 to inhibit microglia activation. Cocrystal structure reveals a previously undisclosed covalent allosteric site, Cys576, in a unique noncatalytic HUBL domain. By selectively modifying Cys576, EB allosterically inhibits USP7 to cause a ubiquitination-dependent degradation of Keap1. Keap1 function loss further results in an Nrf2-dependent transcription activation of anti-neuroinflammation genes in microglia. In vivo, pharmacological USP7 inhibition attenuates microglia activation and resultant neuron injury, thereby notably improving behavioral deficits in dementia and Parkinson's disease mouse models. Collectively, our findings provide an attractive future direction for neurodegenerative disease therapy by inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by targeting USP7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Na Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Heng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mi-Mi Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Proteomics Laboratory, Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Corresponding author. (P.-F.T.); (K.-W.Z.)
| | - Ke-Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Corresponding author. (P.-F.T.); (K.-W.Z.)
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17
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Molotsky E, Liu Y, Lieberman AP, Merry DE. Neuromuscular junction pathology is correlated with differential motor unit vulnerability in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:97. [PMID: 35791011 PMCID: PMC9258097 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an X-linked, neuromuscular neurodegenerative disease for which there is no cure. The disease is characterized by a selective decrease in fast-muscle power (e.g., tongue pressure, grip strength) accompanied by a selective loss of fast-twitch muscle fibers. However, the relationship between neuromuscular junction (NMJ) pathology and fast-twitch motor unit vulnerability has yet to be explored. In this study, we used a cross-model comparison of two mouse models of SBMA to evaluate neuromuscular junction pathology, glycolytic-to-oxidative fiber-type switching, and cytoskeletal alterations in pre- and postsynaptic termini of tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius, and soleus hindlimb muscles. We observed significantly increased NMJ and myofiber pathology in fast-twitch, glycolytic motor units of the TA and gastrocnemius compared to slow-twitch, oxidative motor units of the soleus, as seen by decreased pre- and post-synaptic membrane area, decreased pre- and post-synaptic membrane colocalization, increased acetylcholine receptor compactness, a decrease in endplate area and complexity, and deficits in neurofilament heavy chain. Our data also show evidence for metabolic dysregulation and myofiber atrophy that correlate with severity of NMJ pathology. We propose a model in which the dynamic communicative relationship between the motor neuron and muscle, along with the developmental subtype of the muscle, promotes motor unit subtype specific vulnerability, metabolic alterations, and NMJ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana Molotsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Alumni Hall, Rm. 411E, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Alumni Hall, Rm. 411E, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Diane E Merry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Alumni Hall, Rm. 411E, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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18
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Gogia N, Ni L, Olmos V, Haidery F, Luttik K, Lim J. Exploring the Role of Posttranslational Modifications in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:931301. [PMID: 35726299 PMCID: PMC9206542 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.931301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy (SBMA) is an X-linked adult-onset progressive neuromuscular disease that affects the spinal and bulbar motor neurons and skeletal muscles. SBMA is caused by expansion of polymorphic CAG trinucleotide repeats in the Androgen Receptor (AR) gene, resulting in expanded glutamine tract in the AR protein. Polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion renders the mutant AR protein toxic, resulting in the formation of mutant protein aggregates and cell death. This classifies SBMA as one of the nine known polyQ diseases. Like other polyQ disorders, the expansion of the polyQ tract in the AR protein is the main genetic cause of the disease; however, multiple other mechanisms besides the polyQ tract expansion also contribute to the SBMA disease pathophysiology. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation are a category of mechanisms by which the functionality of AR has been found to be significantly modulated and can alter the neurotoxicity of SBMA. This review summarizes the different PTMs and their effects in regulating the AR function and discusses their pathogenic or protective roles in context of SBMA. This review also includes the therapeutic approaches that target the PTMs of AR in an effort to reduce the mutant AR-mediated toxicity in SBMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gogia
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Luhan Ni
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Victor Olmos
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Fatema Haidery
- Yale College, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kimberly Luttik
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Janghoo Lim
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States,Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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19
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Yubero D, Natera-de Benito D, Pijuan J, Armstrong J, Martorell L, Fernàndez G, Maynou J, Jou C, Roldan M, Ortez C, Nascimento A, Hoenicka J, Palau F. The Increasing Impact of Translational Research in the Molecular Diagnostics of Neuromuscular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4274. [PMID: 33924139 PMCID: PMC8074304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) has been progressively evolving from the grouping of clinical symptoms and signs towards the molecular definition. Optimal clinical, biochemical, electrophysiological, electrophysiological, and histopathological characterization is very helpful to achieve molecular diagnosis, which is essential for establishing prognosis, treatment and genetic counselling. Currently, the genetic approach includes both the gene-targeted analysis in specific clinically recognizable diseases, as well as genomic analysis based on next-generation sequencing, analyzing either the clinical exome/genome or the whole exome or genome. However, as of today, there are still many patients in whom the causative genetic variant cannot be definitely established and variants of uncertain significance are often found. In this review, we address these drawbacks by incorporating two additional biological omics approaches into the molecular diagnostic process of NMDs. First, functional genomics by introducing experimental cell and molecular biology to analyze and validate the variant for its biological effect in an in-house translational diagnostic program, and second, incorporating a multi-omics approach including RNA-seq, metabolomics, and proteomics in the molecular diagnosis of neuromuscular disease. Both translational diagnostics programs and omics are being implemented as part of the diagnostic process in academic centers and referral hospitals and, therefore, an increase in the proportion of neuromuscular patients with a molecular diagnosis is expected. This improvement in the process and diagnostic performance of patients will allow solving aspects of their health problems in a precise way and will allow them and their families to take a step forward in their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dèlia Yubero
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.Y.); (J.A.); (L.M.); (G.F.); (J.M.); (M.R.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Daniel Natera-de Benito
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.N.-d.B.); (C.O.)
| | - Jordi Pijuan
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Judith Armstrong
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.Y.); (J.A.); (L.M.); (G.F.); (J.M.); (M.R.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Loreto Martorell
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.Y.); (J.A.); (L.M.); (G.F.); (J.M.); (M.R.)
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Guerau Fernàndez
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.Y.); (J.A.); (L.M.); (G.F.); (J.M.); (M.R.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Joan Maynou
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.Y.); (J.A.); (L.M.); (G.F.); (J.M.); (M.R.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Cristina Jou
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Pediatric Biobank for Research, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mònica Roldan
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.Y.); (J.A.); (L.M.); (G.F.); (J.M.); (M.R.)
- Confocal Microscopy and Cellular Imaging Unit, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ortez
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.N.-d.B.); (C.O.)
- Division of Pediatrics, Clinic Institute of Medicine & Dermatology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Nascimento
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.N.-d.B.); (C.O.)
| | - Janet Hoenicka
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Francesc Palau
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.Y.); (J.A.); (L.M.); (G.F.); (J.M.); (M.R.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Pediatric Biobank for Research, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
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