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Levy O, Rothhammer V, Mascanfroni I, Tong Z, Kuai R, De Biasio M, Wang Q, Majid T, Perrault C, Yeste A, Kenison JE, Safaee H, Musabeyezu J, Heinelt M, Milton Y, Kuang H, Lan H, Siders W, Multon MC, Rothblatt J, Massadeh S, Alaamery M, Alhasan AH, Quintana FJ, Karp JM. A cell-based drug delivery platform for treating central nervous system inflammation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:663-671. [PMID: 33398468 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for the development of cell-based drug delivery systems for autoimmune inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we investigated the effect of Ro-31-8425, an ATP-competitive kinase inhibitor, on the therapeutic properties of MSCs. Upon a simple pretreatment procedure, MSCs spontaneously took up and then gradually released significant amounts of Ro-31-8425. Ro-31-8425 (free or released by MSCs) suppressed the proliferation of CD4+ T cells in vitro following polyclonal and antigen-specific stimulation. Systemic administration of Ro-31-8425-loaded MSCs ameliorated the clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS, displaying a stronger suppressive effect on EAE than control MSCs or free Ro-31-8425. Ro-31-8425-MSC administration resulted in sustained levels of Ro-31-8425 in the serum of EAE mice, modulating immune cell trafficking and the autoimmune response during EAE. Collectively, these results identify MSC-based drug delivery as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. KEY MESSAGES: MSCs can spontaneously take up the ATP-competitive kinase inhibitor Ro-31-8425. Ro-31-8425-loaded MSCs gradually release Ro-31-8425 and exhibit sustained suppression of T cells. Ro-31-8425-loaded MSCs have more sustained serum levels of Ro-31-8425 than free Ro-31-8425. Ro-31-8425-loaded MSCs are more effective than MSCs and free Ro-31-8425 for EAE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Mascanfroni
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhixiang Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui Kuai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael De Biasio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qingping Wang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sanofi R&D, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Tahir Majid
- Global Research Program and Portfolio Management, Sanofi-Genzyme, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christelle Perrault
- Sanofi R&D, In Vitro Pharmacology, Integrated Drug Discovery, Centre de Recherche Vitry-Alfortville, Vitry-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Ada Yeste
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica E Kenison
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helia Safaee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliet Musabeyezu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martina Heinelt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuka Milton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heidi Kuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haoyue Lan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Siders
- Genzyme R&D, Neuroimmunology Research, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Marie-Christine Multon
- Sanofi R&D, Translational Sciences, Centre de Recherche Vitry-Alfortville, Vitry-Sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Salam Massadeh
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Alaamery
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Alhasan
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- National Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Abstract
Astrocytes play complex roles in health and disease. Here, we review recent findings on molecular pathways that control astrocyte function in multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as new tools for their investigation. In particular, we describe positive and negative regulators of astrocyte-mediated pathogenesis in MS, such as sphingolipid metabolism and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, respectively. In addition, we also discuss the issue of astrocyte heterogeneity and its relevance for the contribution of astrocytes to MS pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss how new genomic tools could transform the study of astrocyte biology in MS.
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Rothhammer V, Borucki DM, Garcia Sanchez MI, Mazzola MA, Hemond CC, Regev K, Paul A, Kivisäkk P, Bakshi R, Izquierdo G, Weiner HL, Quintana FJ. Dynamic regulation of serum aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists in MS. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2017. [PMID: 28642887 PMCID: PMC5473958 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Several factors influence the clinical course of autoimmune inflammatory diseases such as MS and inflammatory bowel disease. Only recently, the complex interaction between the gut microbiome, dietary factors, and metabolism has started to be appreciated with regard to its potential to modulate acute and chronic inflammation. One of the molecular sensors that mediates the effects of these environmental signals on the immune response is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor with key functions in immune cells. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the levels of AHR agonists in serum samples from patients with MS and healthy controls in a case-control study. Results: We detected a global decrease of circulating AHR agonists in relapsing-remitting MS patients as compared to controls. However, during acute CNS inflammation in clinically isolated syndrome or active MS, we measured increased AHR agonistic activity. Moreover, AHR ligand levels in patients with benign MS with relatively mild clinical impairment despite longstanding disease were unaltered as compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: Collectively, these data suggest that AHR agonists in serum are dynamically modulated during the course of MS. These findings may guide the development of biomarkers to monitor disease activity as well as the design of novel therapeutic interventions for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit Rothhammer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (V.R., D.M.B., M.A.M., C.C.H., K.R., A.P., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Seville, Spain; and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Davis M Borucki
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (V.R., D.M.B., M.A.M., C.C.H., K.R., A.P., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Seville, Spain; and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Maria Isabel Garcia Sanchez
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (V.R., D.M.B., M.A.M., C.C.H., K.R., A.P., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Seville, Spain; and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Maria Antonietta Mazzola
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (V.R., D.M.B., M.A.M., C.C.H., K.R., A.P., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Seville, Spain; and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Christopher C Hemond
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (V.R., D.M.B., M.A.M., C.C.H., K.R., A.P., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Seville, Spain; and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Keren Regev
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (V.R., D.M.B., M.A.M., C.C.H., K.R., A.P., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Seville, Spain; and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Anu Paul
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (V.R., D.M.B., M.A.M., C.C.H., K.R., A.P., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Seville, Spain; and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Pia Kivisäkk
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (V.R., D.M.B., M.A.M., C.C.H., K.R., A.P., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Seville, Spain; and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Rohit Bakshi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (V.R., D.M.B., M.A.M., C.C.H., K.R., A.P., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Seville, Spain; and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Guillermo Izquierdo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (V.R., D.M.B., M.A.M., C.C.H., K.R., A.P., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Seville, Spain; and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (V.R., D.M.B., M.A.M., C.C.H., K.R., A.P., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Seville, Spain; and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (V.R., D.M.B., M.A.M., C.C.H., K.R., A.P., P.K., R.B., H.L.W., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Molecular Biology Service and MS Unit (M.I.G.S., G.I.), University of Seville, Spain; and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA
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4
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Longhi MS, Vuerich M, Kalbasi A, Kenison JE, Yeste A, Csizmadia E, Vaughn B, Feldbrugge L, Mitsuhashi S, Wegiel B, Otterbein L, Moss A, Quintana FJ, Robson SC. Bilirubin suppresses Th17 immunity in colitis by upregulating CD39. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92791. [PMID: 28469075 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), a product of heme oxidation, has known immunosuppressant properties but the molecular mechanisms, other than antioxidant effects, remain largely unexplored. We note that UCB modulates T helper type 17 (Th17) immune responses, in a manner dependent upon heightened expression of CD39 ectonucleotidase. UCB has protective effects in experimental colitis, where it enhances recovery after injury and preferentially boosts IL-10 production by colonic intraepithelial CD4+ cells. In vitro, UCB confers immunoregulatory properties on human control Th17 cells, as reflected by increased levels of FOXP3 and CD39 with heightened cellular suppressor ability. Upregulation of CD39 by Th17 cells is dependent upon ligation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) by UCB. Genetic deletion of CD39, as in Entpd1-/- mice, or dysfunction of AHR, as in Ahrd mice, abrogates these UCB salutary effects in experimental colitis. However, in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) samples, UCB fails to confer substantive immunosuppressive properties upon Th17 cells, because of decreased AHR levels under the conditions tested in vitro. Immunosuppressive effects of UCB are mediated by AHR resulting in CD39 upregulation by Th17. Boosting downstream effects of AHR via UCB or enhancing CD39-mediated ectoenzymatic activity might provide therapeutic options to address development of Th17 dysfunction in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Longhi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marta Vuerich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alireza Kalbasi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica E Kenison
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ada Yeste
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Byron Vaughn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linda Feldbrugge
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuji Mitsuhashi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barbara Wegiel
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leo Otterbein
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan Moss
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Niu X, Deng S, Li S, Xi Y, Li C, Wang L, He D, Wang Z, Chen G. Therapeutic effect of ergotope peptides on CIA by down-regulation of inflammatory and Th1/Th17 responses and induction of regulatory T cells. Mol Med 2016; 22:608-620. [PMID: 27579476 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that results in a chronic and inflammatory disorder. Dynamic balance of helper T cells (Th)1, Th17 and regulatory T cells (Treg) is broken in RA. Since there is no cure for RA at present, it's necessary to find a truly effective and convenient treatment. Several studies intended to induce ergotopic regulation to treat autoimmune diseases. This study was undertaken to find the potential ergotope peptides and investigate its effect in treating the animal model of RA and their underlying regulatory mechanisms. Firstly, we selected the functional ergotope peptides from 25 overlapping peptides derived from interlukin(IL)-2 receptor (IL-2R) α chain, and then used these peptides to treat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The study showed ergotope peptides as immunomodulatory factors with great benefits at the clinical and pathologic levels. This effect was associated with the inhibition of type II collagen (CII)-specific proliferation and autoantibody production as well as the induction of anti-ergotypic immune response, the down-regulation of both Th1 and Th17 cells and their related components, and the emergence of Treg cells that had suppressive actions on autoreactive T cells. We also proved that cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and IL-10 are two important mediators which are critical to Treg suppressive function. The inhibition of Th1 and Th17 in established CIA could be attributed to ergotope induced Treg cells. Our findings reveal that ergotope peptides induce regulatory immune responses and restore immune tolerance, suggesting ergotope peptides treatment appears to be a novel approach to the therapy of RA patients and has a good application prospect with cheap, effective, convenient, wide-spectrum features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Niu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China. 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shaohua Deng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China. 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China. 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.,Breast Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yebin Xi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China. 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chengzhen Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China. 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.,Guanghua Rheumatology Hospital, Shanghai, China. 540 Xinhua Road, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China. 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dongyi He
- Guanghua Rheumatology Hospital, Shanghai, China. 540 Xinhua Road, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China. 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Guangjie Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China. 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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Huang X, Wu H, Lu Q. The mechanisms and applications of T cell vaccination for autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2015; 47:219-33. [PMID: 25096807 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-014-8439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a spectrum of diseases originating from loss of immunologic self-tolerance and T cell abnormal autoreactivity, causing organ damage and death. However, the pathogenic mechanism of ADs remains unclear. The current treatments of ADs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), antimalarials, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and biological therapies. With the need to prevent side effects resulting from current treatments and acquire better clinical remission, developing a novel pharmaceutical treatment is extremely urgent. The concept of T cell vaccination (TCV) has been raised as the finding that immunization with attenuated autoreactive T cells is capable of inducing T cell-dependent inhibition of autoimmune responses. TCV may act as an approach to control unwanted adaptive immune response through eliminating the autoreactive T cells. Over the past decades, the effect of TCV has been justified in several animal models of autoimmune diseases including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), murine autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and so on. Meanwhile, clinical trials of TCV have confirmed the safety and efficacy in corresponding autoimmune diseases ranging from multiple sclerosis (MS) to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This review aims to summarize the ongoing experimental and clinical trials and elucidate possible molecule mechanisms of TCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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7
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Quintana FJ, Mimran A, Carmi P, Mor F, Cohen IR. HSP60 as a target of anti-ergotypic regulatory T cells. PLoS One 2008; 3:e4026. [PMID: 19107191 PMCID: PMC2602852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The 60 kDa heat shock protein (HSP60) has been reported to influence T-cell responses in two ways: as a ligand of toll-like receptor 2 signalling and as an antigen. Here we describe a new mechanism of T-cell immuno-regulation focused on HSP60: HSP60 is up-regulated and presented by activated T cells (HSP60 is an ergotope) to regulatory (anti-ergotypic) T cells. Presentation of HSP60 by activated T cells was found to be MHC-restricted and dependent on accessory molecules - CD28, CD80 and CD86. Anti-ergotypic T cells responded to T-cell HSP60 by proliferation and secreted IFNγ and TGFβ1. In vitro, the anti-ergotypic T cells inhibited IFNγ production by their activated T-cell targets. In vivo, adoptive transfer of an anti-ergotypic HSP60-specific T-cell line led to decreased secretion of IFNγ by arthritogenic T cells and ameliorated adjuvant arthritis (AA). Thus, the presentation of HSP60 by activated T cells turns them into targets for anti-ergotypic regulatory T cells specific for HSP60. However, the direct interaction between the anti-ergotypic T regulators (anti-HSP60) and the activated T cells also down-regulated the regulators. Thus, by functioning as an ergotope, HSP60 can control both the effector T cells and the regulatory HSP60-specific T cells that control them.
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8
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Hong J, Zang YCQ, Nie H, Zhang JZ. CD4+ regulatory T cell responses induced by T cell vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:5024-9. [PMID: 16547138 PMCID: PMC1458788 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0508784103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization with irradiated autologous T cells (T cell vaccination) is shown to induce regulatory T cell responses that are poorly understood. In this study, CD4(+) regulatory T cell lines were generated from patients with multiple sclerosis that received immunization with irradiated autologous myelin basic protein-reactive T cells. The resulting CD4(+) regulatory T cell lines had marked inhibition on autologous myelin basic protein-reactive T cells and displayed two distinctive patterns distinguishable by the expression of transcription factor Foxp3 and cytokine profile. The majority of the T cell lines had high Foxp3 expression and secreted both IFN-gamma and IL-10 as compared with the other pattern characteristic of low Foxp3 expression and predominant production of IL-10 but not IFN-gamma. CD4(+) regulatory T cell lines of both patterns expressed CD25 and reacted with activated autologous T cells but not resting T cells, irrespective of antigen specificity of the target T cells. It was evident that they recognized preferentially a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 61-73 of the IL-2 receptor alpha chain. T cell vaccination correlated with increased Foxp3 expression and T cell reactivity to peptide 61-73. The findings have important implications in the understanding of the role of CD4(+) regulatory T cell response induced by T cell vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hong
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Joint Immunology Laboratory of Institute of Health Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and
| | - Ying C. Q. Zang
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Hong Nie
- Joint Immunology Laboratory of Institute of Health Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and
| | - Jingwu Z. Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Joint Immunology Laboratory of Institute of Health Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and
- E-Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai 200025, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Baylor College of Medicine, Mail Station NB302, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail:
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9
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Cohen IR, Quintana FJ, Mimran A. Tregs in T cell vaccination: exploring the regulation of regulation. J Clin Invest 2004; 114:1227-32. [PMID: 15520852 PMCID: PMC524317 DOI: 10.1172/jci23396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell vaccination (TCV) activates Tregs of 2 kinds: anti-idiotypic (anti-id) and anti-ergotypic (anti-erg). These regulators furnish a useful view of the physiology of T cell regulation of the immune response. Anti-id Tregs recognize specific effector clones by their unique TCR CDR3 peptides; anti-id networks of CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs have been described in detail. Here we shall focus on anti-erg T regulators. Anti-erg T cells, unlike anti-id T cells, do not recognize the clonal identity of effector T cells; rather, anti-erg T cells recognize the state of activation of target effector T cells, irrespective of their TCR specificity. We consider several features of anti-erg T cells: their ontogeny, subset markers, and target ergotope molecules; mechanisms by which they regulate other T cells; mechanisms by which they get regulated; and therapeutic prospects for anti-erg upregulation and downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irun R Cohen
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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