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Luo S, Luo R, Deng G, Huang F, Lei Z. Programmed cell death, from liver Ischemia-Reperfusion injury perspective: An overview. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32480. [PMID: 39040334 PMCID: PMC11260932 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) commonly occurs in liver resection, liver transplantation, shock, and other hemorrhagic conditions, resulting in profound local and systemic effects via associated inflammatory responses and hepatic cell death. Hepatocyte death is a significant component of LIRI and its mechanism was previously thought to be limited to apoptosis and necrosis. With the discovery of novel types of programmed cell death (PCD), necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, NETosis, and parthanatos have been shown to be involved in LIRI. Understanding the mechanisms underlying cell death following LIRI is indispensable to mitigating the widespread effects of LIRI. Here, we review the roles of different PCD and discuss potential therapy in LIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Luo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha , PR China
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rongkun Luo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha , PR China
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha , PR China
| | - Feizhou Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha , PR China
| | - Zhao Lei
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha , PR China
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2
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Yin NN, Chen X, Sun YY, Yang L, Zhang YF, Niu XN, Song H, Huang C, Li J. PSTPIP2 protects against alcoholic liver injury and invokes STAT3-mediated suppression of apoptosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116334. [PMID: 38824967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury (ALI) stands as a prevalent affliction within the spectrum of complex liver diseases. Prolonged and excessive alcohol consumption can pave the way for liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent findings have unveiled the protective role of proline serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 2 (PSTPIP2) in combating liver ailments. However, the role of PSTPIP2 in ALI remains mostly unknown. This study aimed to determine the expression profile of PSTPIP2 in ALI and to uncover the mechanism through which PSTPIP2 affects the survival and apoptosis of hepatocytes in ALI, using both ethyl alcohol (EtOH)-fed mice and an EtOH-induced AML-12 cell model. We observed a consistent decrease in PSTPIP2 expression both in vivo and in vitro. Functionally, we assessed the impact of PSTPIP2 overexpression on ALI by administering adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-PSTPIP2 into mice. The results demonstrated that augmenting PSTPIP2 expression significantly shielded against liver parenchymal distortion and curbed caspase-dependent hepatocyte apoptosis in EtOH-induced ALI mice. Furthermore, enforcing PSTPIP2 expression reduced hepatocyte apoptosis in a stable PSTPIP2-overexpressing AML-12 cell line established through lentivirus-PSTPIP2 transfection in vitro. Mechanistically, this study also identified signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as a direct signaling pathway regulated by PSTPIP2 in ALI. In conclusion, our findings provide compelling evidence that PSTPIP2 has a regulatory role in hepatocyte apoptosis via the STAT3 pathway in ALI, suggesting PSTPIP2 as a promising therapeutic target for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Yin
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Pharmacology, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Huoshan County, Luan 237200, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ying-Yin Sun
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Ya-Fei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-Ni Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Infection Hospital of Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei Infectious Disease Hospital, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Heng Song
- Office of Huoshan Vocational School, Luan 237200, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
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3
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Long X, Zhang S, Wang Y, Chen J, Lu Y, Hou H, Lin B, Li X, Shen C, Yang R, Zhu H, Cui R, Cao D, Chen G, Wang D, Chen Y, Zhai S, Zeng Z, Wu S, Lou M, Chen J, Zou J, Zheng M, Qin J, Wang X. Targeting JMJD1C to selectively disrupt tumor T reg cell fitness enhances antitumor immunity. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:525-536. [PMID: 38356061 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical for immune tolerance but also form a barrier to antitumor immunity. As therapeutic strategies involving Treg cell depletion are limited by concurrent autoimmune disorders, identification of intratumoral Treg cell-specific regulatory mechanisms is needed for selective targeting. Epigenetic modulators can be targeted with small compounds, but intratumoral Treg cell-specific epigenetic regulators have been unexplored. Here, we show that JMJD1C, a histone demethylase upregulated by cytokines in the tumor microenvironment, is essential for tumor Treg cell fitness but dispensable for systemic immune homeostasis. JMJD1C deletion enhanced AKT signals in a manner dependent on histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) demethylase and STAT3 signals independently of H3K9me2 demethylase, leading to robust interferon-γ production and tumor Treg cell fragility. We have also developed an oral JMJD1C inhibitor that suppresses tumor growth by targeting intratumoral Treg cells. Overall, this study identifies JMJD1C as an epigenetic hub that can integrate signals to establish tumor Treg cell fitness, and we present a specific JMJD1C inhibitor that can target tumor Treg cells without affecting systemic immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Long
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sulin Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanlai Lu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Hou
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bichun Lin
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xutong Li
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Shen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruirui Yang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huamin Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongrong Cui
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Duanhua Cao
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sulan Zhai
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqin Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shusheng Wu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengting Lou
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhong Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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4
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Lei Z, Yu J, Wu Y, Shen J, Lin S, Xue W, Mao C, Tang R, Sun H, Qi X, Wang X, Xu L, Wei C, Wang X, Chen H, Hao P, Yin W, Zhu J, Li Y, Wu Y, Liu S, Liang H, Chen X, Su C, Zhou S. CD1d protects against hepatocyte apoptosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2024; 80:194-208. [PMID: 38438948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocyte apoptosis, a well-defined form of cell death in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is considered the primary cause of liver inflammation and fibrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis in NASH remain largely unclear. We explored the anti-apoptotic effect of hepatocyte CD1d in NASH. METHODS Hepatocyte CD1d expression was analyzed in patients with NASH and mouse models. Hepatocyte-specific gene overexpression or knockdown and anti-CD1d crosslinking were used to investigate the anti-apoptotic effect of hepatocyte CD1d on lipotoxicity-, Fas-, and concanavalin (ConA)-mediated liver injuries. A high-fat diet, a methionine-choline-deficient diet, a Fas agonist, and ConA were used to induce lipotoxic and/or apoptotic liver injuries. Palmitic acid was used to mimic lipotoxicity-induced apoptosis in vitro. RESULTS We identified a dramatic decrease in CD1d expression in hepatocytes of patients with NASH and mouse models. Hepatocyte-specific CD1d overexpression and knockdown experiments collectively demonstrated that hepatocyte CD1d protected against hepatocyte apoptosis and alleviated hepatic inflammation and injuries in NASH mice. Furthermore, decreased JAK2-STAT3 signaling was observed in NASH patient livers. Mechanistically, anti-CD1d crosslinking on hepatocytes induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the CD1d cytoplasmic tail, leading to the recruitment and phosphorylation of JAK2. Phosphorylated JAK2 activated STAT3 and subsequently reduced apoptosis in hepatocytes, which was associated with an increase in anti-apoptotic effectors (Bcl-xL and Mcl-1) and a decrease in pro-apoptotic effectors (cleaved-caspase 3/7). Moreover, anti-CD1d crosslinking effectively protected against Fas- or ConA-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovered a previously unrecognized anti-apoptotic CD1d-JAK2-STAT3 axis in hepatocytes that conferred hepatoprotection and highlighted the potential of hepatocyte CD1d-directed therapy for liver injury and fibrosis in NASH, as well as in other liver diseases associated with hepatocyte apoptosis. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Excessive and/or sustained hepatocyte apoptosis is critical in driving liver inflammation and injury. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain largely unclear. Here, we found that CD1d expression in hepatocytes substantially decreases and negatively correlates with the severity of liver injury in patients with NASH. We further revealed a previously unrecognized anti-apoptotic CD1d-JAK2-STAT3 signaling axis in hepatocytes, which confers significant protection against liver injury in NASH and acute liver diseases. Thus, hepatocyte CD1d-targeted therapy could be a promising strategy to manipulate liver injury in both NASH and other hepatocyte apoptosis-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Lei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junyao Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shibo Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxu Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoran Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Hao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Yin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jifeng Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yalin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shouguo Liu
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chuan Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Sha Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Alizadeh E, Sabet N, Soltani Z, Khaksari M, Jafari E, Karamouzian S. The administration of oral mucosal mesenchymal-derived stem cells improves hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathology following traumatic brain injury. Transpl Immunol 2023; 81:101950. [PMID: 37918577 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory mediators produced after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are reaching peripheral organs causing organ and tissue damage, including the liver. Our study assessed the effect of intravenous (i.v.) infusion of oral mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) on TBI-induced liver damage by measuring liver inflammatory factors and liver oxidative stress. METHODS Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) sham control; 2) TBI alone (TBI); 3) TBI vehicle (Veh)-control; and 4) TBI with OMSC treatment (SC). OMSCs were obtained from oral mucosa biopsies. OMSCs were administered and administered i.v. at 1 and 24 h after TBI. Within 48 h after TBI, multiple parameters were analyzed, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathological changes. RESULTS In comparison to sham controls, the TBI alone showed in liver significantly increased levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β; P < 0.001), interleukin-6 (IL-6; P < 0.001), malondialdehyde (MDA; P < 0.001), and protein carbonyl (PC; P < 0.001). At the same time the TBI alone decreased the liver levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD; P < 0.001), total antioxidant capacity (TAC; P < 0.001), catalase (CAT; P < 0.001), and interleukin-10 (IL-10; P < 0.001). In comparison to the TBI alone group, the therapeutic group treated with i.v. infusion of OMSCs demonstrated significantly reduced changes of IL-1β (P < 0.001), IL-6 (P < 0.01), MDA (P < 0.01), PC (P < 0.05), SOD (P < 0.001), TAC (P < 0.01), CAT (P < 0.01), and IL-10 (P < 0.01). Histopathological evaluation showed in TBI alone group that the total score of liver tissue injury included extensive hydropic degeneration, lobular necrosis, inflammation as well as central vein congestion with subendothelial hemorrhage increased compared the sham group (P < 0.001). Administration of OMSC showed significantly smaller increase in the injury score compared to the TBI alone group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Therapy with i.v. OMSCs administration after TBI reduces liver injury, as measured by inflammation and oxidative stress. The use of OMSCs can be considered for treatment of liver injury caused by TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshagh Alizadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Neurosurgery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nazanin Sabet
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Soltani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Karamouzian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Neurosurgery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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6
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Sahakian L, Robinson AM, Sahakian L, Stavely R, Kelley MR, Nurgali K. APE1/Ref-1 as a Therapeutic Target for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1569. [PMID: 38002251 PMCID: PMC10669584 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The prevalence of IBD is increasing with approximately 4.9 million cases reported worldwide. Current therapies are limited due to the severity of side effects and long-term toxicity, therefore, the development of novel IBD treatments is necessitated. Recent findings support apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/reduction-oxidation factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) as a target in many pathological conditions, including inflammatory diseases, where APE1/Ref-1 regulation of crucial transcription factors impacts significant pathways. Thus, a potential target for a novel IBD therapy is the redox activity of the multifunctional protein APE1/Ref-1. This review elaborates on the status of conventional IBD treatments, the role of an APE1/Ref-1 in intestinal inflammation, and the potential of a small molecule inhibitor of APE1/Ref-1 redox activity to modulate inflammation, oxidative stress response, and enteric neuronal damage in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Sahakian
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (L.S.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Ainsley M. Robinson
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (L.S.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Linda Sahakian
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (R.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mark R. Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (L.S.); (A.M.R.)
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (R.S.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
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7
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Nenu I, Toadere TM, Topor I, Țichindeleanu A, Bondor DA, Trella ȘE, Sparchez Z, Filip GA. Interleukin-6 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Dualistic Point of View. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2623. [PMID: 37892997 PMCID: PMC10603956 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a pressing health concern, demanding a deep understanding of various mediators' roles in its development for therapeutic progress. Notably, interleukin-6 (IL-6) has taken center stage in investigations due to its intricate and context-dependent functions. This review delves into the dual nature of IL-6 in HCC, exploring its seemingly contradictory roles as both a promoter and an inhibitor of disease progression. We dissect the pro-tumorigenic effects of IL-6, including its impact on tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Concurrently, we examine its anti-tumorigenic attributes, such as its role in immune response activation, cellular senescence induction, and tumor surveillance. Through a comprehensive exploration of the intricate interactions between IL-6 and the tumor microenvironment, this review highlights the need for a nuanced comprehension of IL-6 signaling in HCC. It underscores the importance of tailored therapeutic strategies that consider the dynamic stages and diverse surroundings within the tumor microenvironment. Future research directions aimed at unraveling the multifaceted mechanisms of IL-6 in HCC hold promise for developing more effective treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Nenu
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Prof. Dr. O. Fodor" Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora Maria Toadere
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Topor
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andra Țichindeleanu
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela Andreea Bondor
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Șerban Ellias Trella
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zeno Sparchez
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Prof. Dr. O. Fodor" Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Stat3 role in the protective effect of FXR Agonist in parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0056. [PMID: 36848082 PMCID: PMC9974070 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Parenteral nutrition (PN) in patients with intestinal failure can lead to cholestasis (PNAC). In a PNAC mouse model, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist (GW4064) treatment alleviated IL-1β-dependent cholestatic liver injury. The objective of this study was to determine whether this hepatic protection of FXR activation is mediated through IL-6-STAT3 signaling. APPROACH AND RESULTS Hepatic apoptotic pathways [Fas-associated protein with death domain (Fas) mRNA, caspase 8 protein, and cleaved caspase 3] and IL-6-STAT3 signaling, and expression of its downstream effectors Socs1/3 were all upregulated in the mouse PNAC model (dextran sulfate sodium enterally × 4 d followed by total PN for 14 d). Il1r-/- mice were protected from PNAC in conjunction with suppression of the FAS pathway. GW4064 treatment in the PNAC mouse increased hepatic FXR binding to the Stat3 promoter, further increased STAT3 phosphorylation and upregulated Socs1 and Socs3 mRNA, and prevented cholestasis. In HepG2 cells and primary mouse hepatocytes, IL-1β induced IL-6 mRNA and protein, which were suppressed by GW4064. In IL-1β or phytosterols treated HepG2 and Huh7 cells, siRNA knockdown of STAT3 significantly reduced GW4064-upregulated transcription of hepatoprotective nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2 (NR0B2) and ABCG8. CONCLUSIONS STAT3 signaling mediated in part the protective effects of GW4064 in the PNAC mouse, and in HepG2 cells and hepatocytes exposed to either IL-1β or phytosterols, 2 factors critical in PNAC pathogenesis. These data demonstrate that FXR agonists may mediate hepatoprotective effects in cholestasis by inducing STAT3 signaling.
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9
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Zhang H, Yuan Z, Zhu Y, Yuan Z, Wang J, Nong C, Zhou S, Tang Q, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Yu Q. Th17/Treg imbalance mediates hepatic intolerance to exogenous lipopolysaccharide and exacerbates liver injury in triptolide induced excessive immune response. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 295:115422. [PMID: 35654348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Triptolide (TP) is a major active ingredient and toxic component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), which exhibits multiple activities and remarkable hepatotoxicity, the latter of which limits its clinical application due to the risk of liver injury. Previous research has revealed the hepatotoxicity of TP resulting in liver hypersensitivity upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. However, existing research has not elucidated the potential immune mechanism such as Th17/Treg imbalance in TP-induced hepatic excessive immune response to exogenous LPS. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the role of Th17/Treg imbalance in TP-induced hepatic excessive immune response to exogenous LPS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were administered with TP, LPS, neutralization antibody and small molecule inhibitor respectively. Serum transaminase level was measured to determine the severity of liver injury. Frequencies of liver Th17 and Treg cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Serum cytokine levels were performed by ELSIA, and mRNA levels of liver cytokine were performed by qPCR. The status of neutrophil infiltration was performed by myeloperoxidase (MPO) IHC measurement. Morphological observation of liver was performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. RESULTS Mice given a single intragastric dose of TP (500 μg/kg) developed lethal fulminant hepatitis following intraperitoneal injection of LPS (0.1 mg/kg), characterized by low survival rate, severe liver injury, high levels of inflammation and neutrophil infiltration. Hepatic Th17/Treg imbalance emerged together with liver injury in these mice. Neutralization of IL-17A attenuated the liver injury and ameliorated the neutrophil infiltration. The TP-induced alteration of hepatic Th17/Treg balance was closely related to the outcome of immune-mediated acute liver injury triggered by LPS. Pretreatment with the STAT3 inhibitor AG490 effectively restored Th17/Treg balance, significantly reducing the production of IL-17A and finally attenuating the degree of liver injury. CONCLUSION Hepatic Th17/Treg imbalance not only exacerbates TP- and LPS-induced liver injury, but also serves as an indispensable part in the mechanisms of TP-induced hepatic intolerance to exogenous endotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ziqiao Yuan
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zihang Yuan
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jie Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Cheng Nong
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shaoyun Zhou
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qianhui Tang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Qinwei Yu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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10
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Jmjd1c demethylates STAT3 to restrain plasma cell differentiation and rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1342-1354. [PMID: 35995859 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate regulation of B cell differentiation into plasma cells is essential for humoral immunity while preventing antibody-mediated autoimmunity; however, the underlying mechanisms, especially those with pathological consequences, remain unclear. Here, we found that the expression of Jmjd1c, a member of JmjC domain histone demethylase, in B cells but not in other immune cells, protected mice from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In humans with RA, JMJD1C expression levels in B cells were negatively associated with plasma cell frequency and disease severity. Mechanistically, Jmjd1c demethylated STAT3, rather than histone substrate, to restrain plasma cell differentiation. STAT3 Lys140 hypermethylation caused by Jmjd1c deletion inhibited the interaction with phosphatase Ptpn6 and resulted in abnormally sustained STAT3 phosphorylation and activity, which in turn promoted plasma cell generation. Germinal center B cells devoid of Jmjd1c also acquired strikingly increased propensity to differentiate into plasma cells. STAT3 Lys140Arg point mutation completely abrogated the effect caused by Jmjd1c loss. Mice with Jmjd1c overexpression in B cells exhibited opposite phenotypes to Jmjd1c-deficient mice. Overall, our study revealed Jmjd1c as a critical regulator of plasma cell differentiation and RA and also highlighted the importance of demethylation modification for STAT3 in B cells.
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11
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Yao X, Takayama H, Kamoshita K, Oo HK, Tanida R, Kato K, Ishii KA, Takamura T. Cyclosporine A Downregulates Selenoprotein P Expression via a Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3-Forkhead Box Protein O1 Pathway in Hepatocytes In Vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022. [PMID: 35906096 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant applied worldwide for preventing graft rejection and autoimmune diseases. However, CsA elevates oxidative stress, which can lead to liver injuries. The present study aimed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the CsA-mediated oxidative stress. Among the redox proteins, CsA concentration-dependently downregulated Selenop-encoding selenoprotein P, a major circulating antioxidant protein reducing reactive oxygen species, in hepatocytes cell lines and primary hepatocytes. The luciferase assay identified the CsA-responsive element in the SELENOP promoter containing a putative binding site for forkhead box protein O (FoxO) 1. The CsA-mediated suppression on the SELENOP promoter was independent of the nuclear factor of activated T-cell, a classic target repressed by CsA. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that CsA suppressed the FoxO1 binding to the SELENOP promoter. Foxo1 knockdown significantly downregulated Selenop expression in H4IIEC3 cells. Furthermore, CsA downregulated FoxO1 by inactivating its upstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Knockdown of Stat3 downregulated Foxo1 and Selenop expression in hepatocytes. These findings revealed a novel mechanism underlying CsA-induced oxidative stress by downregulating the STAT3-FoxO1-Selenop pathway in hepatocytes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study shows that Cyclosporine A (CsA) downregulates Selenop, an antioxidant protein, by suppressing the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-forkhead box protein O1 pathway in hepatocytes, possibly one of the causations of CsA-induced oxidative stress in hepatocytes. The present study sheds light on the previously unrecognized CsA-redox axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, (X.Y., H.T., Ky.K., H.K.O., R.T., Ka.K., T.T.), Life Sciences Division, Engineering and Technology Department (H.T.), and Department of Integrative Medicine for Longevity (K.-A.I.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takayama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, (X.Y., H.T., Ky.K., H.K.O., R.T., Ka.K., T.T.), Life Sciences Division, Engineering and Technology Department (H.T.), and Department of Integrative Medicine for Longevity (K.-A.I.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kamoshita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, (X.Y., H.T., Ky.K., H.K.O., R.T., Ka.K., T.T.), Life Sciences Division, Engineering and Technology Department (H.T.), and Department of Integrative Medicine for Longevity (K.-A.I.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hein Ko Oo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, (X.Y., H.T., Ky.K., H.K.O., R.T., Ka.K., T.T.), Life Sciences Division, Engineering and Technology Department (H.T.), and Department of Integrative Medicine for Longevity (K.-A.I.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Ryota Tanida
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, (X.Y., H.T., Ky.K., H.K.O., R.T., Ka.K., T.T.), Life Sciences Division, Engineering and Technology Department (H.T.), and Department of Integrative Medicine for Longevity (K.-A.I.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Kaisei Kato
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, (X.Y., H.T., Ky.K., H.K.O., R.T., Ka.K., T.T.), Life Sciences Division, Engineering and Technology Department (H.T.), and Department of Integrative Medicine for Longevity (K.-A.I.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Kiyo-Aki Ishii
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, (X.Y., H.T., Ky.K., H.K.O., R.T., Ka.K., T.T.), Life Sciences Division, Engineering and Technology Department (H.T.), and Department of Integrative Medicine for Longevity (K.-A.I.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, (X.Y., H.T., Ky.K., H.K.O., R.T., Ka.K., T.T.), Life Sciences Division, Engineering and Technology Department (H.T.), and Department of Integrative Medicine for Longevity (K.-A.I.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
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12
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Yao X, Takayama H, Kamoshita K, Oo HK, Tanida R, Kato K, Ishii KA, Takamura T. Cyclosporine A downregulates selenoprotein P expression via a STAT3-FoxO1 pathway in hepatocytes in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 382:199-207. [PMID: 35906096 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.001175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a worldwide applied immunosuppressant for preventing graft rejection and autoimmune diseases. However, CsA elevates oxidative stress leading to liver injuries. The present study aimed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the CsA-mediated oxidative stress. Among the redox proteins, CsA concentration-dependently downregulated Selenop encoding selenoprotein P (SeP), a major circulating antioxidant protein reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), in hepatocytes cell lines and primary hepatocytes. The luciferase assay identified the CsA-responsive element in the SELENOP promoter containing a putative binding site for FoxO1. The CsA-mediated suppression on the SELENOP promoter was independent of NFAT, a classic target repressed by CsA. A ChIP assay showed that CsA suppressed the FoxO1 binding to the SELENOP promoter. Foxo1 knockdown significantly downregulated Selenop expression in H4IIEC3 cells. Furthermore, CsA downregulated FoxO1 by inactivating its upstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Knockdown of Stat3 downregulated Foxo1 and Selenop expression in hepatocytes. These findings revealed a novel mechanism underlying CsA-induced oxidative stress via downregulating the STAT3-FoxO1-Selenop pathway in hepatocytes. Significance Statement Our study shows that CsA downregulates Selenop, an antioxidant protein, via suppressing the STAT3-FoxO1 pathway in hepatocytes, possibly one of the causations of CsA-induced oxidative stress in hepatocytes. The present study sheds light on the previously unrecognized CsA-redox axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Yao
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | | | - Kyoko Kamoshita
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hein Ko Oo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Ryota Tanida
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Kaisei Kato
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Kiyo-Aki Ishii
- Integrative Medicine for Longevity, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
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13
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Hepatocyte growth factor protects pulmonary endothelial barrier against oxidative stress and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:837-848. [PMID: 35671182 PMCID: PMC9276181 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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14
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Blueberry extract attenuates norepinephrine-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in H9c2 cardiac cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:663-672. [PMID: 34988854 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced sympathetic system activation mediated by norepinephrine (NE) contributes to adverse cardiac remodeling leading to oxidative stress and cell death, progressing to heart failure. Natural antioxidants may help maintain redox balance, attenuating NE-mediated cardiac cell damage. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of a blueberry extract (BBE) on H9c2 cardiac cells exposed to NE on cell death, oxidative stress status and its major signaling pathways. H9c2 cells were pre-incubated with 50 μg/ml of BBE for 4 h and maintained in the presence of 100 μM NE for 24 h. NE exposure resulted in increased caspase 3/7 activity. This was associated with reduced protein expression of antioxidants catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and increase in 4-hydroxynonenal adduct formation. NE led to increased activity of Protein kinase B (Akt), Forkhead box O3a and AMP-activated protein kinase alpha and decreased activity of Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. BBE prevented caspases activation and abrogated NE-induced increase in oxidative stress, as well as attenuated the increase in Akt. Based on these findings, it is concluded that BBE promoted cardioprotection of H9c2 cells in an in vitro model of NE-induced oxidative damage, suggesting a cardioprotective role for BBE in response to NE exposure.
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15
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Ghanim AMH, Younis NS, Metwaly HA. Vanillin augments liver regeneration effectively in Thioacetamide induced liver fibrosis rat model. Life Sci 2021; 286:120036. [PMID: 34637793 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study has been designed to investigate the role of vanillin either as prophylaxis or treatment in liver regeneration augmentation and liver fibrosis regression in thioacetamide (TAA) induced liver damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were injected with TAA to induce liver injury (200mg/kg twice weekly) for 8 weeks. In vanillin prophylaxis group; rats were administered vanillin (100 mg/Kg; IP, daily) from day 1 of TAA injection for 8 weeks. In vanillin treatment group; rats were confronted with the same dose of TAA injection for 8 weeks then treated with vanillin (100 mg/Kg, IP, daily) for 4 weeks. ALT, AST activities, serum albumin, hepatic GSH, MDA, HGF, VEGF, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured and also, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and cyclin D gene expression were determined. Liver sections were stained with H&E and Sirius red and immunostained for Ki-67 and α-SMA for histological and immunohistological changes analysis. KEY FINDINGS Vanillin improved liver function and histology. Also, showed a remarkable increase in hepatic HGF and VEGF level, and up-regulation of cyclin D1 expression accompanied by a significant up-regulation of MMP-2 and down- regulation of TIMP-1. All these effects were accompanied by TNF-α, IL-6 and oxidative stress significant attenuation. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, vanillin enhanced liver regeneration in TAA induced liver damage model; targeting growth factors (HGF, VEGF) and cellular proliferation marker cyclin D1. As well as stimulating fibrosis regression by inhibition of ECM accumulation and enhancing its degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M H Ghanim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt.
| | - Nancy S Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Heba A Metwaly
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt.
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16
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Beà A, Valero JG, Irazoki A, Lana C, López-Lluch G, Portero-Otín M, Pérez-Galán P, Inserte J, Ruiz-Meana M, Zorzano A, Llovera M, Sanchis D. Cardiac fibroblasts display endurance to ischemia, high ROS control and elevated respiration regulated by the JAK2/STAT pathway. FEBS J 2021; 289:2540-2561. [PMID: 34796659 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally and more than four out of five cases are due to ischemic events. Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) contribute to normal heart development and function, and produce the post-ischemic scar. Here, we characterize the biochemical and functional aspects related to CF endurance to ischemia-like conditions. Expression data mining showed that cultured human CF (HCF) express more BCL2 than pulmonary and dermal fibroblasts. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis showed overrepresentation of genes involved in the response to hypoxia and oxidative stress, respiration and Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) signaling pathways in HCF. BCL2 sustained survival and proliferation of cultured rat CF, which also had higher respiration capacity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production than pulmonary and dermal fibroblasts. This was associated with higher expression of the electron transport chain (ETC) and antioxidant enzymes. CF had high phosphorylation of JAK2 and its effectors STAT3 and STAT5, and their inhibition reduced viability and respiration, impaired ROS control and reduced the expression of BCL2, ETC complexes and antioxidant enzymes. Together, our results identify molecular and biochemical mechanisms conferring survival advantage to experimental ischemia in CF and show their control by the JAK2/STAT signaling pathway. The presented data point to potential targets for the regulation of cardiac fibrosis and also open the possibility of a general mechanism by which somatic cells required to acutely respond to ischemia are constitutively adapted to survive it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Beà
- Cell Signaling & Apoptosis Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Spain
| | - Juan García Valero
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Irazoki
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Lana
- Cell Signaling & Apoptosis Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Andalusian Center of Developmental Biology, Pablo de Olavide University, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otín
- Department of Experimental Medicine, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-Galán
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Inserte
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV (CIBER-CV), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV (CIBER-CV), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Llovera
- Cell Signaling & Apoptosis Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Spain
| | - Daniel Sanchis
- Cell Signaling & Apoptosis Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, Spain
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17
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Haga S, Kanno A, Morita N, Jin S, Matoba K, Ozawa T, Ozaki M. Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) is Critically Involved in Liver Ischemia/reperfusion-injury. J Surg Res 2021; 270:124-138. [PMID: 34656890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a DNA-repairing enzyme activated by extreme genomic stress, and therefore is potently activated in the remnant liver suffering from ischemia after surgical resection. However, the impact of PARP on post-ischemic liver injury has not been elucidated yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the impact of PARP on murine hepatocyte/liver injury induced by hypoxia/ischemia, respectively. RESULTS PJ34, a specific inhibitor of PARP, markedly protected against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cell death, though z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor similarly showed the protective effect. PJ34 did not affect H/R-induced caspase activity or caspase-mediated cell death. z-VAD-fmk also did not affect the production of PAR (i.e., PARP activity). Therefore, PARP- and caspase-mediated cell death occurred in a mechanism independent of each other in H/R. H/R immediately induced activation of PARP and cell death afterwards, both of which were suppressed by PJ34 or Trolox, an antioxidant. This suggests that H/R-induced cell death occurred redox-dependently through PARP activation. H/R and OS induced nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF, a marker of parthanatos) and RIP1-RIP3 interaction (a marker of necroptosis), both of which were suppressed by PJ34. H/R induced PARP-mediated parthanatos and necroptosis redox-dependently. In mouse experiments, PJ34 significantly reduced serum levels of AST, ALT & LDH and areas of hepatic necrosis after liver ischemia/reperfusion, similar to z-VAD-fmk or Trolox. CONCLUSION PARP, activated by ischemic damage and/or oxidative stress, may play a critical role in post-ischemic liver injury by inducing programmed necrosis (parthanatos and necroptosis). PARP inhibition may be one of the promising strategies against post-ischemic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Haga
- Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akira Kanno
- Department of Environmental Applied Chemistry, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Naoki Morita
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shigeki Jin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kotaro Matoba
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michitaka Ozaki
- Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Bio-Imaging, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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18
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Olivero-Verbel J, Harkema JR, Roth RA, Ganey PE. Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonist, blocks steatosis and alters the inflammatory response in a mouse model of inflammation-dioxin interaction. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109521. [PMID: 34052195 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin; TCDD) is an environmental contaminant that elicits a variety of toxic effects, many of which are mediated through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Interaction between AhR and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), which regulates fatty acid metabolism, has been suggested. Furthermore, with recognition of the prevalence of inflammatory conditions, there is current interest in the potential for inflammatory stress to modulate the response to environmental agents. The aim of this work was to assess the interaction of TCDD with hepatic inflammation modulated by fenofibrate, a PPAR-α agonist. Female, C57BL/6 mice were treated orally with vehicle or fenofibrate (250 mg/kg) for 13 days, and then were given vehicle or 30 μg/kg TCDD. Four days later, the animals received an i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide-galactosamine (LPS-GalN) (0.05x107 EU/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively) to incite inflammation, or saline as vehicle control. After 4 h, the mice were euthanized, and blood and liver samples were collected for analysis. Livers of animals treated with TCDD with or without LPS-GalN had increased lipid deposition, and this effect was blocked by fenofibrate. In TCDD/LPS-GalN-treated mice, fenofibrate caused an increase in plasma activity of alanine aminotransferase, a marker of hepatocellular injury. TCDD reduced LPS-GalN-induced apoptosis, an effect that was prevented by fenofibrate pretreatment. LPS-GalN induced an increase in the concentration of interleukin-6 in plasma and accumulation of neutrophils in liver. TCDD exposure enhanced the former response and inhibited the latter one. These results suggest that fenofibrate counteracts the changes in lipid metabolism induced by TCDD but increases inflammation and liver injury in this model of inflammation-TCDD interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia
| | - Jack R Harkema
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Robert A Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Patricia E Ganey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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19
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Attia YM, Tawfiq RA, Gibriel AA, Ali AA, Kassem DH, Hammam OA, Elmazar MM. Activation of FXR modulates SOCS3/Jak2/STAT3 signaling axis in a NASH-dependent hepatocellular carcinoma animal model. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114497. [PMID: 33675775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent substantial progress in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from viral etiology, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is on a trajectory to become the fastest growing indication for HCC-related liver transplantation. The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily with multifaceted roles in several metabolic disorders, particularly NASH. Its role as a tumor suppressor was also highlighted. Herein, we investigated the effect of obeticholic acid (OCA), as an FXR agonist, on NASH-associated HCC (NASH-HCC) animal model induced by diethylnitrosamine and high fat choline-deficient diet, exploring the potential impact on the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3)/Janus kinase 2 (Jak2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. Results indicated that OCA treatment upregulated FXR and its key mediator, small heterodimer partner (SHP), with remarkable amelioration in the dysplastic foci observed in the NASH-HCC group. This was paralleled with noticeable downregulation of alpha fetoprotein along with reduction in interferon gamma and transforming growth factor beta-1 hepatic levels besides caspase-3 and p53 upregulation. Moreover, sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1), a key regulator of FXR that controls the regenerative response of the liver, was elevated following OCA treatment. Modulation in the SOCS3/Jak2/STAT3 signaling axis was also reported. In conclusion, OCA attenuated the development and progression of NASH-dependent HCC possibly by interfering with SOCS3/Jak2/STAT3 pathway suggesting the potential use of FXR activators in NASH-related disorders, even at later stages of the disease, to impede its progression to the more deteriorating condition of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen M Attia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rasha A Tawfiq
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A Gibriel
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya A Ali
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina H Kassem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olfat A Hammam
- Pathology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Elmazar
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Wright G, Gassman NR. Transcriptional dysregulation of base excision repair proteins in breast cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 93:102922. [PMID: 33087263 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) addresses the numerous base lesions and strand breaks induced by exogenous and endogenous stressors daily. The complexity and importance of BER requires careful regulation of basal levels of these proteins and inducible responses following DNA damage. Several reports have noted the dysregulation of BER proteins and defects in BER capacity in cancer. Modulated gene and protein expression of several BER proteins, including APE1, PARP1, POL β, and XRCC1, have been observed in breast cancer. Overexpression of these factors has been associated with chemoresistance and cancer aggressiveness, but the regulatory mechanisms that drive overexpression have not been defined. Here, we review the known transcriptional regulators of these key BER proteins and examine potential mechanisms that may drive overexpression in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin Wright
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA; Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Natalie R Gassman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA; Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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21
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Song M, Wang C, Yang H, Chen Y, Feng X, Li B, Fan H. P-STAT3 Inhibition Activates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Splenocyte Apoptosis in Chronic Stress. Front Physiol 2020; 11:680. [PMID: 32714202 PMCID: PMC7340136 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress leads to immunosuppression and induces splenocyte apoptosis. STAT3 is a transcription factor that regulates immunity and apoptosis; however, it is unclear whether the increased expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) observed in chronic stress is related to splenocyte apoptosis. To explore the relationship between splenocyte apoptosis and STAT3 in chronic stress, we treated rats undergoing a 21-day chronic restraint stress program with the STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201. This chronic stress model was verified by observing rats’ behavior and measuring their serum corticosterone levels. Chronic stress led to increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and p-STAT3 inhibition enhanced splenocyte apoptosis in chronic stress. We detected key proteins in three apoptotic pathways to determine which pathway mediated increasing splenocyte apoptosis and found that the death receptor pathway was the main apoptotic pathway that occurred in the spleen during chronic stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) was also activated, but the Bcl-2 family was not involved in chronic stress. P-STAT3 inhibition had no influence on the Bcl-2 family and the death receptor pathway; however, p-STAT3 inhibition disrupted the pro-survival function of the UPR by decreasing the expression of ATF6α and p-IRE1α. Furthermore, p-STAT3 inhibition activated endoplasmic reticulum stress by promoting the expression of CHOP, p-JNK, and procaspase-12. Collectively, these findings indicate that the increased p-STAT3 expression during chronic stress may promote splenocyte survival by activating the UPR. Consequently, STAT3 and the UPR may be considered as potential therapeutic targets for chronic stress in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoran Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Haotian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiujing Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Honggang Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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22
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Wieczfinska J, Sitarek P, Skała E, Kowalczyk T, Pawliczak R. Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Decreases Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines in A549 Cells. Inflammation 2020; 42:2205-2214. [PMID: 31612365 PMCID: PMC6856491 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Various experimental models strongly support the hypothesis that airway inflammation can be caused by oxidative stress. Inflammatory airway diseases like asthma and COPD are characterized by higher levels of ROS and inflammatory cytokines. One of the sources of ROS is NADPH oxidase. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate influence of NADPH oxidase inhibition on the expression of IL-6, IL-8, TNF, TSLP, CD59, and PPAR-γ in vitro. A549 cells were incubated with apocynin in three concentrations (0.5 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, and 3 mg/ml). Cells were trypsinized and RNA isolated after 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h of apocynin incubation at each concentration. Afterwards, reverse transcription was performed to evaluate mRNA expression using real-time PCR. The time-response and dose-response study showed that apocynin significantly influenced the relative expression of chosen genes (IL-6, IL-8, TNF, PPAR-γ, TSLP, and CD59). Apocynin decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α at all concentrations used, and of IL-6 at concentrations of 1 and 3 mg/ml (p < 0.05). TSLP mRNA expression was also reduced by apocynin after 1 h and 2 h, and CD59 mRNA after 1 h, but only at the highest concentration. The expression of PPAR-γ was reduced after apocynin in the highest concentrations only (p < 0.05). The results might suggest that proinflammatory agents’ expression levels are strongly connected to the presence of oxidative stress generated by NADPH oxidase and this might be at least partially eliminated by anti-oxidative action. Apocynin, as an effective inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, seems to be useful in potential anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wieczfinska
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego, Bldg 2, Rm 122, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Skała
- Department of Genetics and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego, Bldg 2, Rm 122, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
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23
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Markotic A, Flegar D, Grcevic D, Sucur A, Lalic H, Turcic P, Kovacic N, Lukac N, Pravdic D, Vukojevic K, Cavar I, Kelava T. LPS-induced inflammation desensitizes hepatocytes to Fas-induced apoptosis through Stat3 activation-The effect can be reversed by ruxolitinib. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2981-2992. [PMID: 32022429 PMCID: PMC7077556 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have established a concept of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)/Fas signalling crosstalk, highlighting TNF‐α as a critical cytokine in sensitizing hepatocytes to death induced by Fas activation. However, in the exact inflammatory response, besides TNF‐α, many other mediators, that might modulate apoptotic response differentially, are released. To resolve the issue, we studied the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), one of the crucial inductors of inflammation in the liver, on apoptotic outcome. We show that LPS‐induced inflammation diminishes the sensitivity of hepatocytes to Fas stimulus in vivo at caspase‐8 level. Analysis of molecular mechanisms revealed an increased expression of various pro‐inflammatory cytokines in non‐parenchymal liver cells and hepatocyte‐specific increase in Bcl‐xL, associated with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) phosphorylation. Pre‐treatment with ruxolitinib, a selective Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor, prevented the LPS‐induced Stat3 phosphorylation and restored the sensitivity of hepatocytes to Fas‐mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, ruxolitinib pre‐treatment diminished the LPS‐induced Bcl‐xL up‐regulation without an inhibitory effect on LPS‐induced expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In summary, although the reports are showing that the effects of isolated pro‐inflammatory mediators, such as TNF‐α or neutrophils, are pro‐apoptotic, the overall effect of inflammatory milieu on hepatocytes in vivo is Stat3‐dependent desensitization to Fas‐mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Markotic
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Darja Flegar
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danka Grcevic
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alan Sucur
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Lalic
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Turcic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Natasa Kovacic
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nina Lukac
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijel Pravdic
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Katarina Vukojevic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ivan Cavar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Tomislav Kelava
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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24
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Wu CJ, Sundararajan V, Sheu BC, Huang RYJ, Wei LH. Activation of STAT3 and STAT5 Signaling in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Progression: Mechanism and Therapeutic Opportunity. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010024. [PMID: 31861720 PMCID: PMC7017004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal of all gynecologic malignancies. Despite advances in surgical and chemotherapeutic options, most patients with advanced EOC have a relapse within three years of diagnosis. Unfortunately, recurrent disease is generally not curable. Recent advances in maintenance therapy with anti-angiogenic agents or Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors provided a substantial benefit concerning progression-free survival among certain women with advanced EOC. However, effective treatment options remain limited in most recurrent cases. Therefore, validated novel molecular therapeutic targets remain urgently needed in the management of EOC. Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and STAT5 are aberrantly activated through tyrosine phosphorylation in a wide variety of cancer types, including EOC. Extrinsic tumor microenvironmental factors in EOC, such as inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, hormones, and oxidative stress, can activate STAT3 and STAT5 through different mechanisms. Persistently activated STAT3 and, to some extent, STAT5 increase EOC tumor cell proliferation, survival, self-renewal, angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance while suppressing anti-tumor immunity. By doing so, the STAT3 and STAT5 activation in EOC controls properties of both tumor cells and their microenvironment, driving multiple distinct functions during EOC progression. Clinically, increasing evidence indicates that the activation of the STAT3/STAT5 pathway has significant correlation with reduced survival of recurrent EOC, suggesting the importance of STAT3/STAT5 as potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. This review summarizes the distinct role of STAT3 and STAT5 activities in the progression of EOC and discusses the emerging therapies specifically targeting STAT3 and STAT5 signaling in this disease setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Jui Wu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-J.W.); (B.-C.S.)
| | - Vignesh Sundararajan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | - Bor-Ching Sheu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-J.W.); (B.-C.S.)
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Hung Wei
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-J.W.); (B.-C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 71570); Fax: +886-2-2311-4965
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25
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Ozaki M. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of liver regeneration: Proliferation, growth, death and protection of hepatocytes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 100:62-73. [PMID: 31669133 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver regeneration is an important and necessary process that the liver depends on for recovery from injury. The regeneration process consists of a complex network of cells and organs, including liver cells (parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells) and extrahepatic organs (thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum, spleen, and autonomic nervous system). The regeneration process of a normal, healthy liver depends mainly on hepatocyte proliferation, growth, and programmed cell death. Cell proliferation and growth are regulated in a cooperative manner by interleukin (IL)-6/janus kinase (Jak)/signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1)/Akt pathways. The IL-6/Jak/STAT3 pathway regulates hepatocyte proliferation and protects against cell death and oxidative stress. The PI3-K/PDK1/Akt pathway is primarily responsible for the regulation of cell size, sending mitotic signals in addition to pro-survival, antiapoptotic and antioxidative signals. Though programmed cell death may interfere with liver regeneration in a pathological situation, it seems to play an important role during the termination phase, even in a normal, healthy liver regeneration. However, further study is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms regulating the processes of liver regeneration with regard to cell-to-cell and organ-to-organ networks at the molecular and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Ozaki
- Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12, W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
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26
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Bizzaro D, Russo FP, Burra P. New Perspectives in Liver Transplantation: From Regeneration to Bioengineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E81. [PMID: 31514475 PMCID: PMC6783848 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced liver diseases have very high morbidity and mortality due to associated complications, and liver transplantation represents the only current therapeutic option. However, due to worldwide donor shortages, new alternative approaches are mandatory for such patients. Regenerative medicine could be the more appropriate answer to this need. Advances in knowledge of physiology of liver regeneration, stem cells, and 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering have accelerated the race towards efficient therapies for liver failure. In this review, we propose an update on liver regeneration, cell-based regenerative medicine and bioengineering alternatives to liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Bizzaro
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology/Multivisceral Transplant Section, University/Hospital Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology/Multivisceral Transplant Section, University/Hospital Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology/Multivisceral Transplant Section, University/Hospital Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.
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27
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Yuan Q, Hou S, Zhai J, Tian T, Wu Y, Wu Z, He J, Chen Z, Zhang J. S100A4 promotes inflammation but suppresses lipid accumulation via the STAT3 pathway in chronic ethanol-induced fatty liver. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1399-1412. [PMID: 31321478 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
S100A4, a member of the S100 calcium-binding protein family, has been identified in a subpopulation of liver macrophages and promotes liver fibrosis via hepatic stellate cell activation. However, the specific role of S100A4 in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has not been well investigated. Here, S100A4 knockout (S100A4-/-) mice were used in a chronic-binge ethanol model for studying the role of S100A4 and its related molecular mechanism in ALD. S100A4 expression was increased in ethanol-induced liver tissues of wild-type (WT) mice. Macrophage-derived S100A4 promoted liver inflammation but suppressed lipid accumulation under the ethanol feeding condition. S100A4 deficiency promoted ethanol-induced liver injury and hepatic fat accumulation. Further mechanistic studies found that S100A4 inhibited liver fat accumulation mainly by activating the STAT3 pathway and downregulating lipogenic gene expression, especially that of SREBP-1c. In AML-12 cells, a STAT3 inhibitor abolished STAT3 levels and decreased the expression of SREBP1c. Furthermore, the administration of a neutralizing S100A4 antibody to WT mice significantly promoted ethanol-induced liver injury and fatty accumulation. Thus, S100A4 may represent a potential candidate target for the prevention and treatment of ethanol-induced fatty liver. In this study, we discovered the special role of S100A4 in alcoholic liver disease. S100A4 deficiency attenuated ethanol-induced hepatitis and promoted hepatic fat accumulation in ethanol-induced liver tissues. Further mechanistic studies have found that S100A4 promotes early alcoholic hepatitis mainly by activating the STAT3 pathway and its downstream proinflammatory gene expression. Interestingly, activation of the STAT3 pathway downregulates lipogenic gene expression, especially SREBP-1c. KEY MESSAGES: In this study, we discovered the special role of S100A4 in alcoholic liver disease. S100A4 deficiency attenuated ethanol-induced hepatitis and promoted hepatic fat accumulation in ethanol-induced liver tissues. Further mechanistic studies have found that S100A4 promotes early alcoholic hepatitis mainly by activating the STAT3 pathway and its downstream proinflammatory gene expression. Interestingly, activation of the STAT3 pathway downregulates lipogenic gene expression, especially SREBP-1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yuan
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun Road, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Hou
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun Road, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Zhai
- The Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tian
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun Road, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsheng He
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun Road, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhinan Chen
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun Road, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,The Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun Road, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
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Dual blockage of STAT3 and ERK1/2 eliminates radioresistant GBM cells. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101189. [PMID: 30986607 PMCID: PMC6463934 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is the major modality for control of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive brain tumor in adults with poor prognosis and low patient survival rate. To improve the RT efficacy on GBM, the mechanism causing tumor adaptive radioresistance which leads to the failure of tumor control and lethal progression needs to be further elucidated. Here, we conducted a comparative analysis of RT-treated recurrent tumors versus primary counterparts in GBM patients, RT-treated orthotopic GBM tumors xenografts versus untreated tumors and radioresistant GBM cells versus wild type cells. The results reveal that activation of STAT3, a well-defined redox-sensitive transcriptional factor, is causally linked with GBM adaptive radioresistance. Database analysis also agrees with the worse prognosis in GBM patients due to the STAT3 expression-associated low RT responsiveness. However, although the radioresistant GBM cells can be resensitized by inhibition of STAT3, a fraction of radioresistant cells can still survive the RT combined with STAT3 inhibition or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated STAT3 knockout. A complementally enhanced activation of ERK1/2 by STAT3 inhibition is identified responsible for the survival of the remaining resistant tumor cells. Dual inhibition of ERK1/2 and STAT3 remarkably eliminates resistant GBM cells and inhibits tumor regrowth. These findings demonstrate a previously unknown feature ofSTAT3-mediated ERK1/2 regulation and an effective combination of two targets in resensitizing GBM to RT.
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Fang C, Cai X, Hayashi S, Hao S, Sakiyama H, Wang X, Yang Q, Akira S, Nishiguchi S, Fujiwara N, Tsutsui H, Sheng J. Caffeine-stimulated muscle IL-6 mediates alleviation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:271-280. [PMID: 30553055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine intake is associated with a reduced risk developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. We report here that caffeine markedly improved high fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice resulting in a 10-fold increase in circulating IL-6 levels, leading to STAT3 activation in the liver. Interestingly, the expression of IL-6 mRNA was not increased in the liver, but increased substantially in the muscles of caffeine-treated mice. Caffeine was found to stimulate IL-6 production in cultured myotubes but not in hepatocytes, adipocytes, or macrophages. The inhibition of p38/MAPK abrogated caffeine-induced IL-6 production in muscle cells. Caffeine failed to improve NAFLD in IL-6 and hepatocyte-specific STAT3 knockout mice, indicating that the IL-6/STAT3 pathway is vital for the hepatoprotective effects of caffeine in NAFLD. The possibility that IL-6/STAT3-mediated hepatic autophagosome induction and hepatocytic oxygen consumption are involved in the anti-NAFLD effects of caffeine cannot be excluded, based on the findings presented here. Our results reveal that caffeine ameliorates NAFLD via crosstalk between muscle IL-6 production and liver STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongye Fang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Department of Pu-erh Tea and Medical Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Xianbin Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Shuhei Hayashi
- Department of Pu-erh Tea and Medical Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Shumei Hao
- Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Haruhiko Sakiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier International Research Center Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Noriko Fujiwara
- Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsutsui
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, China; Pu'erh Tea Research Institute, Pu'erh, China.
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30
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Ding W, Fan YY, Zhang C, Fu L, Chen X, Xu DX. Obeticholic acid differentially regulates hepatic injury and inflammation at different stages of D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-evoked acute liver failure. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 850:150-157. [PMID: 30772394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates genes involved in bile acid metabolism. Accumulating data demonstrate that FXR has an anti-inflammatory activity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of obeticholic acid (OCA), a novel synthetic FXR agonist, on D-galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-evoked acute liver injury. All mice except controls were intraperitoneally injected with GalN (300 mg/kg) plus LPS (2.5 μg/kg). Some mice were pretreated with OCA (10 mg/kg) 48, 24 and 1 h before GalN/LPS. As expected, pretreatment with OCA alleviated hepatocyte apoptosis at early and middle stages of GalN/LPS-induced acute liver failure. By contrast, pretreatment with OCA augmented hepatic injury and inflammatory cell infiltration at middle stage of GalN/LPS-induced acute liver failure. Additional experiment found that OCA inhibited hepatic NF-κB activation at early and middle stages of GalN/LPS-induced acute liver failure. Interestingly, OCA inhibited hepatic proinflammatory cytokine tnf-α and il-6 but upregulated hepatic anti-inflammatory cytokine il-10 at early stage of GalN/LPS-induced acute liver failure. By contrast, OCA suppressed hepatic anti-inflammatory cytokine tgf-β and il-10 at middle stage of GalN/LPS-induced acute liver injury. These results suggest that FXR agonist OCA differentially regulates hepatic injury and inflammation at different stages of GalN/LPS-evoked acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ding
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fan
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xi Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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31
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Lin IY, Chiou YS, Wu LC, Tsai CY, Chen CT, Chuang WC, Lee MC, Lin CC, Lin TT, Chen SC, Pan MH, Ma N. CCM111 prevents hepatic fibrosis via cooperative inhibition of TGF-β, Wnt and STAT3 signaling pathways. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:184-194. [PMID: 30648571 PMCID: PMC9298635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- In-Yu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Tsai
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli,
Taiwan
| | | | - Ming-Chung Lee
- Brion Research Institute of Taiwan, New Taipei City,
Taiwan
| | - Ching-Che Lin
- Brion Research Institute of Taiwan, New Taipei City,
Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Ching Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402,
Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. E-mail addresses: (M.-H. Pan), (N. Ma)
| | - Nianhan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, College of Health Sciences and Technology, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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The mesenchymal stem cell secretome as an acellular regenerative therapy for liver disease. J Gastroenterol 2019; 54:763-773. [PMID: 31270691 PMCID: PMC6698261 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-019-01599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for tissue repair has garnered much interest and has been evaluated in several disease settings. Recent evidence indicates that the beneficial effects observed with MSC-based therapy can be mediated through the paracrine release of extracellular vesicles and other soluble proteins or biologically active molecules, which collectively constitute the MSC secretome. In this concise overview, we highlight results from preclinical and other studies that demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of the MSC secretome for diseases that are characterized by liver injury or fibrosis. The potential for the use of the MSC secretome as an acellular regenerative therapy and approaches for the isolation of a secretome product for therapeutic applications are highlighted. The use of the MSC secretome as an acellular therapeutic agent could provide several advantages over the use of cell-based therapies for liver diseases.
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Yang L, Xing F, Han X, Li Q, Wu H, Shi H, Wang Z, Huang F, Wu X. Astragaloside IV regulates differentiation and induces apoptosis of activated CD4 + T cells in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 362:105-115. [PMID: 30385269 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells, especially T-helper (Th) cells (Th1, Th2 and Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg) play pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating autoimmune disease occurring in central nervous system (CNS). Astragaloside IV (ASI, CAS: 84687-43-4) is one of the saponins isolated from Astragalus membranceus, a traditional Chinese medicine with immunomodulatory effect. So far, whether ASI has curative effect on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, and how it affects the subsets of CD4+ T cells, as well as the underlying mechanism have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, ASI was found to ameliorate the progression and hamper the recurrence of EAE effectively in the treatment regimens. It significantly reduced the demyelination and inflammatory infiltration of CNS in EAE mice by suppressing the percentage of Th1 and Th17 cells, which was closely associated with the inhibition of JAK/STAT and NF-κB signaling pathways. ASI also increased the percentage of Treg cells in spleen and CNS, which was accompanied by elevated Foxp3. However, in vitro experiments disclosed that ASI could regulate the differentiation of Th17 and Treg cells but not Th1 cells. In addition, it induced the apoptosis of MOG-stimulated CD4+ T cells probably through modulating STAT3/Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathways. Together, our findings suggested that ASI can modulate the differentiation of autoreactive CD4+ T cells and is a potential prodrug or drug for the treatment of MS and other similar autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Faping Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyan Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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GABA, γ-Aminobutyric Acid, Protects Against Severe Liver Injury. J Surg Res 2018; 236:172-183. [PMID: 30694753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute liver failure (ALF) from severe acute liver injury is a critical condition associated with high mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of preemptive administration of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on hepatic injury and survival outcomes in mice with experimentally induced ALF. MATERIALS AND METHODS To induce ALF, C57BL/6NHsd mice were administered GABA, saline, or nothing for 7 d, followed by intraperitoneal administration of 500 μg of tumor necrosis factor α and 20 mg of D-galactosamine. The study mice were humanely euthanized 4-5 h after ALF was induced or observed for survival. Proteins present in the blood samples and liver tissue from the euthanized mice were analyzed using Western blot and immunohistochemical and histopathologic analyses. For inhibition studies, we administered the STAT3-specific inhibitor, NSC74859, 90 min before ALF induction. RESULTS We found that GABA-treated mice had substantial attenuation of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive hepatocytes and hepatocellular necrosis, decreased caspase-3, H2AX, and p38 MAPK protein levels and increased expressions of Jak2, STAT3, Bcl-2, and Mn-SOD, with improved mitochondrial integrity. The reduced apoptotic proteins led to a significantly prolonged survival after ALF induction in GABA-treated mice. The STAT3-specific inhibitor NSC74859 eliminated the survival advantage in GABA-treated mice with ALF, indicating the involvement of the STAT3 pathway in GABA-induced reduction in apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that preemptive treatment with GABA protected against severe acute liver injury in mice via GABA-mediated STAT3 signaling. Preemptive administration of GABA may be a useful approach to optimize marginal donor livers before transplantation.
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Cytokine-mediated modulation of the hepatic miRNome: miR-146b-5p is an IL-6-inducible miRNA with multiple targets. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:987-1002. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.ma1217-499rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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36
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Du J, Wu J, Fu X, Tse AKW, Li T, Su T, Yu ZL. Icariside II overcomes TRAIL resistance of melanoma cells through ROS-mediated downregulation of STAT3/cFLIP signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52218-52229. [PMID: 27418138 PMCID: PMC5239546 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising antitumor agent. However, many melanoma cells show weak responses to TRAIL. Here, we investigated whether Icariside II (IS), an active component of Herba Epimedii, could potentiate antitumor effects of TRAIL in melanoma cells. Melanoma cells were treated with IS and/or TRAIL and cell death, apoptosis and signal transduction were analyzed. We showed that IS promoted TRAIL-induced cell death and apoptosis in A375 melanoma cells. Mechanistically, IS reduced the expression levels of cFLIP in a phospho-STAT3 (pSTAT3)-dependent manner. Ectopic expression of STAT3 abolished IS-induced cFLIP down-regulation and the associated potentiation of TRAIL-mediated cell death. Moreover, IS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production preceded down-regulation of pSTAT3/cFLIP via activating AKT, and the consequent sensitization of cells to TRAIL. We also found that IS treatment down-regulated cFLIP via ROS-mediated NF-κB pathway. In addition, IS converted TRAIL-resistant melanoma MeWo and SK-MEL-28 cells into TRAIL-sensitive cells. Taken together, our results indicated that IS potentiated TRAIL-induced apoptosis through ROS-mediated down-regulation of STAT3/cFLIP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Department of Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medicine University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuqiong Fu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Anfernee Kai-Wing Tse
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ting Li
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Tao Su
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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Min K, Lawan A, Bennett AM. Loss of MKP-5 promotes myofiber survival by activating STAT3/Bcl-2 signaling during regenerative myogenesis. Skelet Muscle 2017; 7:21. [PMID: 29047406 PMCID: PMC5648478 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-017-0137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been shown to be involved in regulating myofiber survival. In skeletal muscle, p38 MAPK and JNK are negatively regulated by MAPK phosphatase-5 (MKP-5). During muscle regeneration, MKP-5 is downregulated, thereby promoting p38 MAPK/JNK signaling, and subsequent repair of damaged muscle. Mice lacking MKP-5 expression exhibit enhanced regenerative myogenesis. However, the effect of MKP-5 on myofiber survival during regeneration is unclear. METHODS To investigate whether MKP-5 is involved in myofiber survival, skeletal muscle injury was induced by cardiotoxin injection, and the effects on apoptosis were assessed by TUNEL assay in wild type and MKP-5-deficient mice. The contribution of MKP-5 to apoptotic signaling and its link to this pathway through mitochondrial function were determined in regenerating skeletal muscle of MKP-5-deficient mice. RESULTS We found that loss of MKP-5 in skeletal muscle resulted in improved myofiber survival. In response to skeletal muscle injury, loss of MKP-5 decreased activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway involving the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and increased expression of the anti-apoptotic transcription factor Bcl-2. Skeletal muscle of MKP-5-deficient mice also exhibited an improved anti-oxidant capacity as a result of increased expression of catalase further contributing to myofiber survival by attenuating oxidative damage. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest that MKP-5 coordinates skeletal muscle regeneration by regulating mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. MKP-5 negatively regulates apoptotic signaling, and during regeneration, MKP-5 downregulation contributes to the restoration of myofiber survival. Finally, these results suggest that MKP-5 inhibition may serve as an important therapeutic target for the preservation of skeletal muscle survival in degenerative muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisuk Min
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Ahmed Lawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Nakagawa J, Koyama Y, Kawakami A, Ueki Y, Tsukamoto H, Horiuchi T, Nagano S, Uchino A, Ota T, Akahoshi M, Akashi K. A novel scoring system based on common laboratory tests predicts the efficacy of TNF-inhibitor and IL-6 targeted therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective, multicenter observational study. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:185. [PMID: 28800780 PMCID: PMC5553584 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, although several categories of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) are available, there are few data informing selection of initial treatment for individual patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNF-i) and tocilizumab (TCZ) are treated as equivalent treatments in the recent disease management recommendations. We focused on two anticytokine therapies, TCZ and TNF-i, and aimed to develop a scoring system that predicts a better treatment for each RA patient before starting an IL-6 or a TNF-i. Methods The expression of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA in peripheral blood from 45 newly diagnosed RA patients was measured by DNA microarrays to evaluate cytokine activation. Next, laboratory indices immediately before commencing treatment and disease activity score improvement ratio after 6 months in 98 patients treated with TCZ or TNF-i were retrospectively analyzed. Some indices correlated with TCZ efficacy were selected and their cutoff values were defined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to develop a scoring system to discriminate between individuals more likely to respond to TCZ or TNF-i. The validity of the scoring system was verified in these 98 patients and an additional 228 patients. Results There was significant inverse correlation between the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA in newly diagnosed RA patients. The analysis of 98 patients revealed significant correlation between TCZ efficacy and platelet counts, hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase; in contrast, there was no similar correlation in the TNF-i group. The cutoff values were defined by ROC analysis to develop a scoring system (1 point/item, maximum of 4 points). A good TCZ response was predicted if the score was ≥2; in contrast, TNF-i seemed to be preferable if the score was ≤1. Similar results were obtained in a validation study of an additional 228 patients. If the case scored ≥3, the good responder rates of TCZ/TNF-i were 75.0%/37.9% (p < 0.01) and the non-responder rates were 3.1%/27.6% (p < 0.01), respectively. Conclusions The score is easily calculated from common laboratory results. It appears useful for identifying a better treatment at the time of selecting either an IL-6 or a TNF inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Nakagawa
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Koyama
- Japanese Red-Cross Okayama Hospital, Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, 2-1-1 Aoe, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8607, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yukitaka Ueki
- Rheumatic and Collagen Disease Center, Sasebo Chuo Hospital, Sasebo, 857-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsukamoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Shin-Kokura Hospital, Kitakyushu, 803-8505, Japan
| | - Takahiko Horiuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan
| | - Shuji Nagano
- Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, 820-8505, Japan
| | - Ayumi Uchino
- Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, 820-8505, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ota
- Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, 820-8505, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Akahoshi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Haga S, Kanno A, Ozawa T, Morita N, Asano M, Ozaki M. Detection of Necroptosis in Ligand-Mediated and Hypoxia-Induced Injury of Hepatocytes Using a Novel Optic Probe-Detecting Receptor-Interacting Protein (RIP)1/RIP3 Binding. Oncol Res 2017; 26:503-513. [PMID: 28770700 PMCID: PMC7844641 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x15005102445191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver injury is often observed in various pathological conditions including posthepatectomy state and cancer chemotherapy. It occurs mainly as a consequence of the combined necrotic and apoptotic types of cell death. In order to study liver/hepatocyte injury by the necrotic type of cell death, we studied signal-regulated necrosis (necroptosis) by developing a new optic probe for detecting receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP)/RIP3 binding, an essential process for necroptosis induction. In the mouse hepatocyte cell line, TIB-73 cells, TNF-α/cycloheximide (T/C) induced RIP1/3 binding only when caspase activity was suppressed by the caspase-specific inhibitor z-VAD-fmk (zVAD). T/C/zVAD-induced RIP1/3 binding was inhibited by necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), an allosteric inhibitor of RIP1. The reduced cell survival by T/C/zVAD was improved by Nec-1. These facts indicate that T/C induces necroptosis of hepatocytes when the apoptotic pathway is inhibited/unavailable. FasL also induced cell death, which was only partially inhibited by zVAD, indicating the possible involvement of necroptosis rather than apoptosis. FasL activated caspase 3 and, similarly, induced RIP1/3 binding when the caspases were inactivated. Interestingly, FasL-induced RIP1/3 binding was significantly suppressed by the antioxidants Trolox and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FasL-induced necroptotic cellular processes. H₂O₂, by itself, induced RIP1/3 binding that was suppressed by Nec-1, but not by zVAD. Hypoxia induced RIP1/3 binding after reoxygenation, which was suppressed by Nec-1 or by the antioxidants. Cell death induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) was also improved by Nec-1. Similar to H₂O₂, H/R did not require caspase inhibition for RIP1/3 binding, suggesting the involvement of a caspase-independent mechanism for non-ligand-induced and/or redox-mediated necroptosis. These data indicate that ROS can induce necroptosis and mediate the FasL- and hypoxia-induced necroptosis via a molecular mechanism that differs from a conventional caspase-dependent pathway. In conclusion, necroptosis is potentially involved in liver/hepatocyte injury induced by oxidative stress and FasL in the absence of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Haga
- Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Akira Kanno
- Department of Environmental Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Naoki Morita
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)Sapporo, HokkaidoJapan
| | - Mami Asano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Bio-Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Michitaka Ozaki
- Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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Crosstalk of liver immune cells and cell death mechanisms in different murine models of liver injury and its clinical relevance. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2017; 16:245-256. [PMID: 28603092 PMCID: PMC7172563 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(17)60014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver inflammation or hepatitis is a result of pluripotent interactions of cell death molecules, cytokines, chemokines and the resident immune cells collectively called as microenvironment. The interplay of these inflammatory mediators and switching of immune responses during hepatotoxic, viral, drug-induced and immune cell-mediated hepatitis decide the fate of liver pathology. The present review aimed to describe the mechanisms of liver injury, its relevance to human liver pathology and insights for the future therapeutic interventions. DATA SOURCES The data of mouse hepatic models and relevant human liver diseases presented in this review are systematically collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect and the Web of Science databases published in English. RESULTS The hepatotoxic liver injury in mice induced by the metabolites of CCl4, acetaminophen or alcohol represent necrotic cell death with activation of cytochrome pathway, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial damage. The Fas or TNF-alpha induced apoptotic liver injury was dependent on activation of caspases, release of cytochrome c and apoptosome formation. The ConA-hepatitis demonstrated the involvement of TRAIL-dependent necrotic/necroptotic cell death with activation of RIPK1/3. The alpha-GalCer-induced liver injury was mediated by TNF-alpha. The LPS-induced hepatitis involved TNF-alpha, Fas/FasL, and perforin/granzyme cell death pathways. The MHV3 or Poly(I:C) induced liver injury was mediated by natural killer cells and TNF-alpha signaling. The necrotic ischemia-reperfusion liver injury was mediated by hypoxia, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, necroptotic cell death was found in partial hepatectomy. The crucial role of immune cells and cell death mediators in viral hepatitis (HBV, HCV), drug-induced liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease in human were discussed. CONCLUSIONS The mouse animal models of hepatitis provide a parallel approach for the study of human liver pathology. Blocking or stimulating the pathways associated with liver cell death could unveil the novel therapeutic strategies in the management of liver diseases.
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Decreased STAT3 Phosphorylation Mediates Cell Swelling in Ammonia-Treated Astrocyte Cultures. BIOLOGY 2016; 5:biology5040048. [PMID: 27918421 PMCID: PMC5192428 DOI: 10.3390/biology5040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain edema, due largely to astrocyte swelling, and the subsequent increase in intracranial pressure and brain herniation, are major complications of acute liver failure (ALF). Elevated level of brain ammonia has been strongly implicated in the development of astrocyte swelling associated with ALF. The means by which ammonia brings about astrocyte swelling, however, is incompletely understood. Recently, oxidative/nitrosative stress and associated signaling events, including activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), as well as activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), have been implicated in the mechanism of ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling. Since these signaling events are known to be regulated by the transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), we examined the state of STAT3 activation in ammonia-treated cultured astrocytes, and determined whether altered STAT3 activation and/or protein expression contribute to the ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling. STAT3 was found to be dephosphorylated (inactivated) at Tyrosine705 in ammonia-treated cultured astrocytes. Total STAT3 protein level was also reduced in ammonia-treated astrocytes. We also found a significant increase in protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type-1 (PTPRT-1) protein expression in ammonia-treated cultured astrocytes, and that inhibition of PTPRT-1 enhanced the phosphorylation of STAT3 after ammonia treatment. Additionally, exposure of cultured astrocytes to inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases diminished the ammonia-induced cell swelling, while cultured astrocytes over-expressing STAT3 showed a reduction in the astrocyte swelling induced by ammonia. Collectively, these studies strongly suggest that inactivation of STAT3 represents a critical event in the mechanism of the astrocyte swelling associated with acute liver failure.
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Tanaka M, Miyajima A. Liver regeneration and fibrosis after inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2016; 36:19. [PMID: 29259692 PMCID: PMC5725806 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-016-0025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a unique organ with an extraordinary capacity to regenerate upon various injuries. In acute and transient liver injury by insults such as chemical hepatotoxins, the liver in rodents returns to the original architecture by proliferation and remodeling of the remaining cells within a week. In contrast, chronic liver inflammation due to various etiologies, e.g., virus infection and metabolic and immune disorders, results in liver fibrosis, often leading to cirrhosis and carcinogenesis. In both acute and chronic inflammation, a variety of immune and non-immune cells in the liver is involved in the processes resulting in either regeneration or fibrosis. In addition, chronic hepatitis often accompanies proliferation of atypical biliary cells, also known as liver progenitor cells or oval cells. Although the origin of liver progenitor cells and its contribution to hepatic repair is still under intense debate, recent studies have revealed a regulatory role for immune cells in progenitor proliferation and differentiation. In this review, we summarize recent studies on liver regeneration and fibrosis in the viewpoint of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Guimarães Filho MAC, Cortez E, Garcia-Souza ÉP, Soares VDM, Moura AS, Carvalho L, Maya MCDA, Pitombo MB. Effect of remote ischemic preconditioning in the expression of IL-6 and IL-10 in a rat model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Acta Cir Bras 2016; 30:452-60. [PMID: 26270136 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020150070000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) liver injury and in the expression of IL-6 and IL-10 in a rat model. METHODS Thirty-six male rats were divided in three groups: Sham; I/R injury, a 45 minutes lobar liver ischemia and reperfusion; and RIPC, six cycles of four minutes of ischemia and four minutes of reperfusion on the right hindlimb followed by a 45 minutes lobar liver ischemia and reperfusion. Tissue and blood samples were collected after 1h and 3h of reperfusion for histopathological study, plasma cytokines and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) measurement. RESULTS The histopathological study demonstrated a significant reduction in liver necrosis in the RIPC group (p<0,001). The ALT levels were also significant lower in the RIPC group (p<0.01). The cytokines assessment showed that IL-6 levels were increased in the RIPC group after 1h of reperfusion, in comparison to the I/R group (p<0.05). Interleukin-10 levels in RIPC groups did not differ significantly from I/R group. CONCLUSIONS Remote ischemic preconditioning is effective in decreasing liver necrosis in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion. The IL-6 expression is up-regulated and peaked at 60 min of reperfusion. There was no difference in IL-10 expression between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Cortez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Laís Carvalho
- Department of Histology and Embryology, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Hilliard KL, Allen E, Traber KE, Yamamoto K, Stauffer NM, Wasserman GA, Jones MR, Mizgerd JP, Quinton LJ. The Lung-Liver Axis: A Requirement for Maximal Innate Immunity and Hepatoprotection during Pneumonia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 53:378-90. [PMID: 25607543 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0195oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatic acute-phase response (APR), stimulated by injury or inflammation, is characterized by significant changes in circulating acute-phase protein (APP) concentrations. Although individual functions of liver-derived APPs are known, the net consequence of APP changes is unclear. Pneumonia, which induces the APR, causes an inflammatory response within the airspaces that is coordinated largely by alveolar macrophages and is typified by cytokine production, leukocyte recruitment, and plasma extravasation, the latter of which may enable delivery of hepatocyte-derived APPs to the infection site. To determine the functional significance of the hepatic APR during pneumonia, we challenged APR-null mice lacking hepatocyte signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RelA) with Escherichia coli in the airspaces. APR-null mice displayed ablated APP induction, significantly increased mortality, liver injury and apoptosis, and a trend toward increased bacterial burdens. TNF-α neutralization reversed hepatotoxicity, but not mortality, suggesting that APR-dependent survival is not solely due to hepatoprotection. After a milder (nonlethal) E. coli infection, hepatocyte-specific mutations decreased APP concentrations and pulmonary inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Cytokine expression in airspace macrophages, but not other airspace or circulating cells, was significantly dependent on APP extravasation into the alveoli. These data identify a novel signaling axis whereby the liver response enhances macrophage activation and pulmonary inflammation during pneumonia. Although hepatic acute-phase changes directly curb injury induced by TNF-α in the liver itself, APPs downstream of these same signals promote survival in association with innate immunity in the lungs, thus demonstrating a critical role for the lung-liver axis during pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie L Hilliard
- Departments of 1 Microbiology.,2 Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eri Allen
- 2 Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katrina E Traber
- 2 Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kazuko Yamamoto
- 2 Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicole M Stauffer
- 2 Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory A Wasserman
- Departments of 1 Microbiology.,2 Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew R Jones
- 3 Medicine.,2 Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph P Mizgerd
- Departments of 1 Microbiology.,3 Medicine.,4 Biochemistry, and.,2 Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lee J Quinton
- 3 Medicine.,5 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and.,2 Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Cellular oxidative stress response mediates radiosensitivity in Fus1-deficient mice. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1652. [PMID: 25695605 PMCID: PMC4669799 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanism of radiosensitivity of normal tissues, a key factor in determining the toxic side effects of cancer radiotherapy, is not fully understood. We recently demonstrated that deficiency of mitochondrial tumor suppressor, Fus1, increases radiosensitivity at the organismal, tissue and cellular levels. Since Fus1-deficient mice and cells exhibit high levels of oxidative stress, we hypothesized that dysregulation of cellular antioxidant defenses may contribute to the increased radiosensitivity. To address this potential mechanism, we treated the Fus1 KO mice with an inhibitor of pathogenic oxidative reactions, pyridoxamine (PM). Treatment with PM ameliorated IR-induced damage to GI epithelium of Fus1 KO mice and significantly increased the survival of irradiated mice. In cultured Fus1 KO epithelial cells, IR-induced oxidative stress was enhanced because of inadequate cellular antioxidant defenses, such as low levels and/or activities of cytochrome C, Sod 2 and STAT3. This resulted in dysregulation of IR-induced DNA-damage response and DNA synthesis. Treatment of Fus1 KO cells with PM or Sod 2 mimetic Tempol normalized the oxidative stress response, thus compensating to a significant degree for inadequate antioxidant response. Our findings using Fus1 KO radiosensitive mice suggest that radiosensitivity is mediated via dysregulation of antioxidant response and defective redox homeostasis.
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Eldridge SR, Covey J, Morris J, Fang B, Horn TL, Elsass KE, Hamre JR, McCormick DL, Davis MA. Characterization of acute biliary hyperplasia in Fisher 344 rats administered the indole-3-carbinol analog, NSC-743380. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 281:303-9. [PMID: 25448049 PMCID: PMC4312220 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
NSC-743380 (1-[(3-chlorophenyl)-methyl]-1H-indole-3-carbinol) is in early stages of development as an anticancer agent. Two metabolites reflect sequential conversion of the carbinol functionality to a carboxaldehyde and the major metabolite, 1-[(3-chlorophenyl)-methyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid. In an exploratory toxicity study in rats, NSC-743380 induced elevations in liver-associated serum enzymes and biliary hyperplasia. Biliary hyperplasia was observed 2 days after dosing orally for 2 consecutive days at 100mg/kg/day. Notably, hepatotoxicity and biliary hyperplasia were observed after oral administration of the parent compound, but not when major metabolites were administered. The toxicities of a structurally similar but pharmacologically inactive molecule and a structurally diverse molecule with a similar efficacy profile in killing cancer cells in vitro were compared to NSC-743380 to explore scaffold versus target-mediated toxicity. Following two oral doses of 100mg/kg/day given once daily on two consecutive days, the structurally unrelated active compound produced hepatic toxicity similar to NSC-743380. The structurally similar inactive compound did not, but, lower exposures were achieved. The weight of evidence implies that the hepatotoxicity associated with NSC-743380 is related to the anticancer activity of the parent molecule. Furthermore, because biliary hyperplasia represents an unmanageable and non-monitorable adverse effect in clinical settings, this model may provide an opportunity for investigators to use a short-duration study design to explore biomarkers of biliary hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy R Eldridge
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joseph Covey
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joel Morris
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | | | - John R Hamre
- Investigative Toxicology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Myrtle A Davis
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA.
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Schmetterer KG, Neunkirchner A, Wojta-Stremayr D, Leitner J, Steinberger P, Pickl WF. STAT3 governs hyporesponsiveness and granzyme B-dependent suppressive capacity in human CD4+ T cells. FASEB J 2014; 29:759-71. [PMID: 25398767 PMCID: PMC4422363 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-257584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) integrates key signals of cell surface immune receptors, yet its precise role in cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells is not well-established. Current research has indicated T-helper cell 17–inducing roles but also tolerogenic roles. To address this issue, human T cells were transduced with the constitutively active STAT3 mutant STAT3C. Following stimulation, STAT3C+ T cells up-regulated IL-10 (4.1 ± 0.5-fold; P < 0.001) and granzyme B (2.5 ± 1.2, P < 0.05) secretion, combined with significantly reduced IFN-γ (35 ± 5%), IL-2 (57 ± 4%), TNF-α (64 ± 8%), and IL-13 (89 ± 3%) secretion (P < 0.001). CD3/CD2- or CD3/CD28-activated STAT3C+ T cells revealed reduced proliferation (53.4 ± 23.5% and 70.5 ± 10.4%, respectively), which was independent of IL-10 production and significantly suppressed effector T cell proliferation by 68.7 ± 10.6% and 65.9 ± 2.6%, respectively (P < 0.001). Phenotypically, STAT3C-transgenic CD4+ T cells resembled effector T cells regarding expression of T regulatory cell markers, but up-regulated granzyme B expression levels by 2.4-fold (P < 0.05). Suppression was cell contact dependent and mediated by granzyme B-induced cell death, but was independent of IL-10 and TGF-β. Notably, peripheral blood CD4+CD45RA−lymphocyte activation gene-3+CD49+ type 1 regulatory T cells revealed activation-induced hyperphosphorylation of STAT3. In agreement, pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 activation partially reverted hyporesponsiveness of peripheral type 1 regulatory T cells (increasing their division index from 0.46 ± 0.11 to 0.89 ± 0.04; P < 0.01). These observations indicate a clear-cut relation between activation of STAT3 and the acquisition of a tolerogenic program, which is also used by peripheral blood type 1 regulatory T cells.—Schmetterer, K. G., Neunkirchner, A., Wojta-Stremayr, D., Leitner, J., Steinberger, P., Pickl, W. F. STAT3 governs hyporesponsiveness and granzyme B-dependent suppressive capacity in human CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus G Schmetterer
- *Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina Neunkirchner
- *Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Wojta-Stremayr
- *Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- *Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- *Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- *Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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The pleiotropic profile of the indirubin derivative 6BIO overcomes TRAIL resistance in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:157-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kwon HJ, Won YS, Park O, Chang B, Duryee MJ, Thiele GE, Matsumoto A, Singh S, Abdelmegeed MA, Song BJ, Kawamoto T, Vasiliou V, Thiele GM, Gao B. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 deficiency ameliorates alcoholic fatty liver but worsens liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice. Hepatology 2014; 60:146-57. [PMID: 24492981 PMCID: PMC4077916 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is the major enzyme that metabolizes acetaldehyde produced from alcohol metabolism. Approximately 40-50% of East Asians carry an inactive ALDH2 gene and exhibit acetaldehyde accumulation after alcohol consumption. However, the role of ALDH2 deficiency in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury remains obscure. In the present study, wild-type and ALDH2(-/-) mice were subjected to ethanol feeding and/or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) treatment, and liver injury was assessed. Compared with wild-type mice, ethanol-fed ALDH2(-/-) mice had higher levels of malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) adduct and greater hepatic inflammation, with higher hepatic interleukin (IL)-6 expression but surprisingly lower levels of steatosis and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Higher IL-6 levels were also detected in ethanol-treated precision-cut liver slices from ALDH2(-/-) mice and in Kupffer cells isolated from ethanol-fed ALDH2(-/-) mice than those levels in wild-type mice. In vitro incubation with MAA enhanced the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated stimulation of IL-6 production in Kupffer cells. In agreement with these findings, hepatic activation of the major IL-6 downstream signaling molecule signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was higher in ethanol-fed ALDH2(-/-) mice than in wild-type mice. An additional deletion of hepatic STAT3 increased steatosis and hepatocellular damage in ALDH2(-/-) mice. Finally, ethanol-fed ALDH2(-/-) mice were more prone to CCl4 -induced liver inflammation and fibrosis than ethanol-fed wild-type mice. CONCLUSION ALDH2(-/-) mice are resistant to ethanol-induced steatosis but prone to inflammation and fibrosis by way of MAA-mediated paracrine activation of IL-6 in Kupffer cells. These findings suggest that alcohol, by way of acetaldehyde and its associated adducts, stimulates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis independent from causing hepatocyte death, and that ALDH2-deficient individuals may be resistant to steatosis and blood ALT elevation, but are prone to liver inflammation and fibrosis following alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jung Kwon
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Suk Won
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Ogyi Park
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Binxia Chang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael J. Duryee
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Omaha VA Medical Center and the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE 68105, USA
| | - Geoffrey E. Thiele
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Omaha VA Medical Center and the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE 68105, USA
| | - Akiko Matsumoto
- Department of Social Medicine, Saga University School of Medicine, Saga 849-0935, Japan
| | - Surendra Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelmegeed
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Toshihiro Kawamoto
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Geoffrey M. Thiele
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Omaha VA Medical Center and the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE 68105, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Tan CY, Lai RC, Wong W, Dan YY, Lim SK, Ho HK. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote hepatic regeneration in drug-induced liver injury models. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:76. [PMID: 24915963 PMCID: PMC4229780 DOI: 10.1186/scrt465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) has been shown to have protective effects against various cellular-injury models. This mechanism of protection, however, has yet to be elucidated. Recently, exosomes were identified as the active component in MSC-CM. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of MSC-derived exosomes in an established carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury mouse model. This potential effect is then validated by using in vitro xenobiotic-induced liver-injury assays: (1) acetaminophen (APAP)- and (2) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced liver injury. Methods The exosomes were introduced concurrent with CCl4 into a mouse model through different routes of administration. Biochemical analysis was performed based on the blood and liver tissues. Subsequently the exosomes were treated in APAP and H2O2-toxicants with in vitro models. Cell viability was measured, and biomarkers indicative of regenerative and oxidative biochemical responses were determined to probe the mechanism of any hepatoprotective activity observed. Results In contrast to mice treated with phosphate-buffered saline, CCl4 injury in mice was attenuated by concurrent-treatment exosomes, and characterized by an increase in hepatocyte proliferation, as demonstrated with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) elevation. Significantly higher cell viability was demonstrated in the exosomes-treated group compared with the non-exosome-treated group in both injury models. The higher survival rate was associated with upregulation of the priming-phase genes during liver regeneration, which subsequently led to higher expression of proliferation proteins (PCNA and cyclin D1) in the exosomes-treated group. Exosomes also inhibited the APAP- and H2O2-induced hepatocytes apoptosis through upregulation of Bcl-xL protein expression. However, exosomes do not mitigate hepatocyte injury via modulation of oxidative stress. Conclusions In summary, these results suggest that MSC-derived exosomes can elicit hepatoprotective effects against toxicants-induced injury, mainly through activation of proliferative and regenerative responses.
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