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Kapil V, Khambata RS, Jones DA, Rathod K, Primus C, Massimo G, Fukuto JM, Ahluwalia A. The Noncanonical Pathway for In Vivo Nitric Oxide Generation: The Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:692-766. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Tamura M, Sato D, Nakajima M, Saito M, Sasaki T, Tanaka T, Hatanaka T, Takeuchi T, Arata Y. Identification of Galectin-2-Mucin Interaction and Possible Formation of a High Molecular Weight Lattice. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 40:1789-1795. [PMID: 28966253 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Galectins comprise a group of animal lectins characterized by their specificity for β-galactosides. Galectin-2 (Gal-2) is predominantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and has been identified as one of the main gastric mucosal proteins that are proposed to have a protective role in the stomach. As Gal-2 is known to form homodimers in solution, this may result in crosslinking of macromolecules with the sugar structures recognized by Gal-2. In this study, we report that Gal-2 could interact with mucin, an important component of gastric mucosa, in a β-galactoside-dependent manner. Furthermore, Gal-2 and mucin could form an insoluble precipitate, potentially through the crosslinking of mucins via Gal-2 and the formation of a lattice, resulting in a large insoluble complex. Therefore, we suggest that Gal-2 plays a role in the gastric mucosa by strengthening the barrier structure through crosslinking the mucins on the mucosal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Tamura
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Dai Sato
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Moeko Nakajima
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Masanori Saito
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Takaharu Sasaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Toru Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Tomomi Hatanaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University.,Tokai University School of Medicine
| | | | - Yoichiro Arata
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
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Kouitcheu Mabeku LB, Nanfack Nana B, Eyoum Bille B, Tchuenteu Tchuenguem R, Nguepi E. Anti-Helicobacter pylori and antiulcerogenic activity of Aframomum pruinosum seeds on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:929-936. [PMID: 28164737 PMCID: PMC6130624 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1285326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Peptic ulcer is one of the most common diseases affecting mankind. Although there are many products used for its treatment, most of these products produce severe adverse reactions requiring the search for novel compounds. Some Afromomum species are used traditionally to cure acute gastritis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antiulcer activity of the methanol extract of Aframomum pruinosum Gagnepain (Zingiberaceae) seeds against two major etiologic agents of peptic ulcer disease; Helicobacter pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-Helicobacter activity of A. pruinosum was evaluated using the broth microdilution method. After oral administration of indomethacin (5 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days, gastric ulcerated animals were divided into control group and five other groups: three groups that recieved respectively 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of plant extract, the fourth group received Maalox (50 mg/kg) and the fifth group, Misoprostol (100 μg/kg), respectively, for 5 days. Ulcer areas, gastric mucus content and nitric oxide gastric levels of animals were assessed 24 h after this treatment. RESULTS A. pruinosum extract shows a moderate anti-Helicobacter activity with an MIC value of 128 μg/mL. A. pruinosum extract, like Misoprostol and Maalox, markedly reduces the % of ulcerated area from 8.15 ± 0.33 to 1.71 ± 0.44% (500 mg/kg). It also increased significantly mucus and NO gastric production with respective values of 4.44 ± 1.35 and 965.81 ± 106.74 μmol/g (500 mg/kg). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings suggest that A. pruinosum methanol extract possesses antiulcer properties as ascertained by the comparative decreases in ulcer areas, increase of mucus and NO gastric production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Brigitte Kouitcheu Mabeku
- Microbiology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Blandine Nanfack Nana
- Microbiology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Bertrand Eyoum Bille
- Microbiology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Roland Tchuenteu Tchuenguem
- Microbiology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Eveline Nguepi
- Gastroenterology Department, Laquintinie Hospital of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
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Tamura M, Sasai A, Ozawa R, Saito M, Yamamoto K, Takeuchi T, Ohtake K, Tateno H, Hirabayashi J, Kobayashi J, Arata Y. Identification of the cysteine residue responsible for oxidative inactivation of mouse galectin-2. J Biochem 2016; 160:233-241. [PMID: 27122052 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a group of animal lectins characterized by their specificity for β-galactosides. Mouse galectin-2 (mGal-2) is predominantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and has been identified as one of the main gastric mucosal proteins that are uniquely sensitive to S-nitrosylation. We have previously reported that oxidation of mGal-2 by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) resulted in the loss of sugar-binding ability, whereas pre-treatment of mGal-2 with S-nitrosocysteine prevented H2O2-induced inactivation. In this study, we used point-mutated recombinant mGal-2 proteins to study which of the two highly conserved Cys residues in mGal-2 must be S-nitrosylated for protection against oxidative inactivation. Mutation of Cys57 to a Met residue (C57M) did not result in lectin inactivation following H2O2 treatment, whereas Cys75 mutation to Ser (C75S) led to significantly reduced lectin activity, as is the case for wild-type mGal-2. However, pre-treatment of the C75S mutant with S-nitrosocysteine protected the protein from H2O2-induced inactivation. Therefore, Cys57 is suggested to be responsible for oxidative inactivation of the mGal-2 protein, and protection of the sulfhydryl group of the Cys57 in mGal-2 by S-nitrosylation is likely important for maintaining mGal-2 protein function in an oxidative environment such as the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Akari Sasai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Rika Ozawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Masanori Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Kaori Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ohtake
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Jun Hirabayashi
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Arata
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
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Xia D, Qu X, Tran SD, Schmidt LL, Qin L, Zhang C, Cui X, Deng D, Wang S. Histological characteristics following a long-term nitrate-rich diet in miniature pigs with parotid atrophy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:6225-6234. [PMID: 26261499 PMCID: PMC4525833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the histological characteristics following a 2-year nitrate-rich diet in miniature pigs with parotid atrophy. Using averages collected data from three time points at 6, 12, and 24 months following the induction of parotid gland atrophy, salivary nitrate levels of the nitrate-diet parotid-atrophied group (17.3 ± 3.9 ng/µl) were close to those of the control group (19.6 ± 5.1 ng/µl). Compared to the control group, the nitrate-diet group had significantly higher nitrate levels in blood (P < 0.05) and urine (P < 0.001). Histological and electron microscopy analyses showed no abnormalities in the organs of experimental or control animals. No significant differences on apoptosis rate were found in liver and kidney tissues between the standard- and nitrate-diet groups. Therefore, dietary nitrate supplementation could restore salivary nitrate levels. High-dose nitrate loading for 2 years had no observed systemic toxicity in miniature pigs with parotid atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengsheng Xia
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of StomatologyBeijing, China
| | - Xingmin Qu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of StomatologyBeijing, China
| | - Simon D Tran
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill UniversityMontreal, Canada
| | | | - Lizheng Qin
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of StomatologyBeijing, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of StomatologyBeijing, China
| | - Xiuyu Cui
- Institute for Neuroscience, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Dajun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of StomatologyBeijing, China
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Herbal Remedy: An Alternate Therapy of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Induced Gastric Ulcer Healing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/361586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly used therapeutic drug groups used worldwide for curing an array of health problems like pain, inflammation, cardiovascular complications, and many other diseases, but they may cause different side effects including gastroduodenal disorders. So, there is a growing interest and need to search for nontoxic, antiulcer formulations from medicinal plants to treat NSAIDs induced gastric ulcer. Extensive research has reported on many natural plants like Camellia sinensis, Phyllanthus emblica, Myristica malabarica, Piper betle, Picrorhiza kurroa, and so forth, and their active constituents reduced NSAIDs induced gastric ulcer via their antioxidative as well as immunomodulatory activity. Therefore, use of herbal formulations in daily life may prevent NSAIDs induced gastric ulceration and other side effects.
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Natural product nitric oxide chemistry: new activity of old medicines. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:873210. [PMID: 22548122 PMCID: PMC3324039 DOI: 10.1155/2012/873210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as a therapy and preventative care measure for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may prove to be beneficial when used in conjunction with or in place of conventional medicine. However, the lack of understanding of a mechanism of action of many CAMs limits their use and acceptance in western medicine. We have recently recognized and characterized specific nitric oxide (NO) activity of select alternative and herbal medicines that may account for many of their reported health benefits. The ability of certain CAM to restore NO homeostasis both through enhancing endothelial production of NO and by providing a system for reducing nitrate and nitrite to NO as a compensatory pathway for repleting NO bioavailability may prove to be a safe and cost-effective strategy for combating CVD. We will review the current state of science behind NO activity of herbal medicines and their effects on CVD.
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Zuckerbraun BS, George P, Gladwin MT. Nitrite in pulmonary arterial hypertension: therapeutic avenues in the setting of dysregulated arginine/nitric oxide synthase signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 89:542-52. [PMID: 21177703 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an insidious disease of the small pulmonary arteries that is progressive in nature and results in right heart strain/hypertrophy and eventually failure. The aetiologies may vary but several common pathophysiological changes result in this phenotype, including vasoconstriction, thrombosis, and vascular proliferation. Data suggest that nitric oxide (NO) signalling is vasoprotective in the setting of PAH. The classic arginine-NO synthase (NOS)-NO signalling pathway may represent an adaptive response that is eventually dysregulated during disease progression. Dysregulation occurs secondary to NOS enzyme down-regulation, enzymatic uncoupling, and arginine catabolism by vascular and red cell arginases and by direct NO inactivation via catabolic reactions with superoxide or cell-free plasma haemoglobin (in the case of haemolytic disease). The anion nitrite, which has recently been recognized as a source of NO that circumvents the arginine-NOS pathway, may serve as an additional adaptive signalling pathway that is now appreciated to have a vasoregulatory role in the pulmonary and systemic vasculature. Inhaled nebulized sodium nitrite is a relatively potent pulmonary vasodilator in the setting of hypoxia and is also anti-proliferative in multiple experimental models of pulmonary hypertension. Multiple nitrite reductases have been shown to be relevant in the conversion of nitrite to metabolically active NO, including deoxy-haemoglobin and myoglobin in the circulation and heart, respectively, and xanthine oxidoreductase in the lung parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Zuckerbraun
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, NW 607 MUH, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Takahama U, Tanaka M, Hirota S. Proanthocyanidins in buckwheat flour can reduce salivary nitrite to nitric oxide in the stomach. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 65:1-7. [PMID: 20013056 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-009-0144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Buckwheat flour, which is used for various dishes in the world, is a good source of proanthocyanidins. Proanthocyanidins in the buckwheat flour reduced nitrous acid producing nitric oxide (NO) when the flour was suspended in acidified saliva or in acidic buffer solution in the presence of nitrite. The ingestion of dough prepared from buckwheat flour increased the concentration of NO in the air expelled from the stomach, suggesting that the proanthocyanidins also reduced nitrite to NO in the stomach. During the production of NO by the buckwheat flour/nitrous acid systems, oxidation, nitration, and nitrosation of proanthocyanidins proceeded. The increase in the concentration of NO could improve the activity of stomach helping the digestion of ingested foods and the nitration and nitrosation of the proanthocyanidins could contribute to the scavenging of reactive nitrogen oxide species generated from NO and nitrous acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umeo Takahama
- Department of Bioscience, Kyushu Dental College, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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Mustonen H, Kiviluoto T, Puolakkainen P, Paimela H, Mentula P, Kemppainen E, Kivilaakso E. Taurocholate-induced nitric oxide signaling and the ensuing production of reactive oxygen species lead to an increase in epithelial permeability in cultivated mouse gastric epithelium. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53:3119-27. [PMID: 18465234 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-008-0300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
We have here elucidated whether ulcerogenic agents affect the production of NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ulcerogenic agents dose dependently induced NO and ROS production in mouse gastric epithelial cells. Taurocholate (TC, 5 mM) exposure did not affect cell viability, but it increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, NO production, ROS production, and epithelial permeability. Epithelial permeability was inhibited with NOS inhibitors or antioxidants. Oxidative stress induced by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and ethanol was not inhibited with NOS inhibitors. ASA induced ROS production even at low concentrations (1 mM), which did not affect cell viability. Ethanol-induced ROS production was linked to cell viability, suggesting direct oxidative stress caused by ethanol. Taurocholate-induced NO signaling and the ensuing production of ROS might contribute to initiation of defensive or adaptive cellular mechanisms. ASA-induced ROS signaling might have similar effects, whereas ethanol induced direct oxidative stress, having an influence on cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri Mustonen
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Box 700, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
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