1
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Liu S, Anderson PJ, Rajagopal S, Lefkowitz RJ, Rockman HA. G Protein-Coupled Receptors: A Century of Research and Discovery. Circ Res 2024; 135:174-197. [PMID: 38900852 PMCID: PMC11192237 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors), also known as 7 transmembrane domain receptors, are the largest receptor family in the human genome, with ≈800 members. GPCRs regulate nearly every aspect of human physiology and disease, thus serving as important drug targets in cardiovascular disease. Sharing a conserved structure comprised of 7 transmembrane α-helices, GPCRs couple to heterotrimeric G-proteins, GPCR kinases, and β-arrestins, promoting downstream signaling through second messengers and other intracellular signaling pathways. GPCR drug development has led to important cardiovascular therapies, such as antagonists of β-adrenergic and angiotensin II receptors for heart failure and hypertension, and agonists of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor for reducing adverse cardiovascular events and other emerging indications. There continues to be a major interest in GPCR drug development in cardiovascular and cardiometabolic disease, driven by advances in GPCR mechanistic studies and structure-based drug design. This review recounts the rich history of GPCR research, including the current state of clinically used GPCR drugs, and highlights newly discovered aspects of GPCR biology and promising directions for future investigation. As additional mechanisms for regulating GPCR signaling are uncovered, new strategies for targeting these ubiquitous receptors hold tremendous promise for the field of cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical
Center
| | - Preston J. Anderson
- Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Duke University, Durham,
NC, 27710, USA
- Duke Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University,
Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical
Center
- Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Duke University, Durham,
NC, 27710, USA
- Deparment of Biochemistry Duke University, Durham, NC,
27710, USA
| | - Robert J. Lefkowitz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical
Center
- Deparment of Biochemistry Duke University, Durham, NC,
27710, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Howard A. Rockman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical
Center
- Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Duke University, Durham,
NC, 27710, USA
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2
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Medvedev RY, Afolabi SO, Turner DGP, Glukhov AV. Mechanisms of stretch-induced electro-anatomical remodeling and atrial arrhythmogenesis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 193:11-24. [PMID: 38797242 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac rhythm disorder, often occurring in the setting of atrial distension and elevated myocardialstretch. While various mechano-electrochemical signal transduction pathways have been linked to AF development and progression, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood, hampering AF therapies. In this review, we describe different aspects of stretch-induced electro-anatomical remodeling as seen in animal models and in patients with AF. Specifically, we focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms that are responsible for mechano-electrochemical signal transduction and the development of ectopic beats triggering AF from pulmonary veins, the most common source of paroxysmal AF. Furthermore, we describe structural changes caused by stretch occurring before and shortly after the onset of AF as well as during AF progression, contributing to longstanding forms of AF. We also propose mechanical stretch as a new dimension to the concept "AF begets AF", in addition to underlying diseases. Finally, we discuss the mechanisms of these electro-anatomical alterations in a search for potential therapeutic strategies and the development of novel antiarrhythmic drugs targeted at the components of mechano-electrochemical signal transduction not only in cardiac myocytes, but also in cardiac non-myocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Y Medvedev
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Saheed O Afolabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Daniel G P Turner
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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3
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Lahiri SK, Jin F, Zhou Y, Quick AP, Kramm CF, Wang MC, Wehrens XH. Altered myocardial lipid regulation in junctophilin-2-associated familial cardiomyopathies. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302330. [PMID: 38438248 PMCID: PMC10912815 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial lipid metabolism is critical to normal heart function, whereas altered lipid regulation has been linked to cardiac diseases including cardiomyopathies. Genetic variants in the JPH2 gene can cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and, in some cases, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that JPH2 variants identified in patients with HCM and DCM, respectively, cause distinct alterations in myocardial lipid profiles. Echocardiography revealed clinically significant cardiac dysfunction in both knock-in mouse models of cardiomyopathy. Unbiased myocardial lipidomic analysis demonstrated significantly reduced levels of total unsaturated fatty acids, ceramides, and various phospholipids in both mice with HCM and DCM, suggesting a common metabolic alteration in both models. On the contrary, significantly increased di- and triglycerides, and decreased co-enzyme were only found in mice with HCM. Moreover, mice with DCM uniquely exhibited elevated levels of cholesterol ester. Further in-depth analysis revealed significantly altered metabolites from all the lipid classes with either similar or opposing trends in JPH2 mutant mice with HCM or DCM. Together, these studies revealed, for the first time, unique alterations in the cardiac lipid composition-including distinct increases in neutral lipids and decreases in polar membrane lipids-in mice with HCM and DCM were caused by distinct JPH2 variants. These studies may aid the development of novel biomarkers or therapeutics for these inherited disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satadru K Lahiri
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feng Jin
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yue Zhou
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ann P Quick
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carlos F Kramm
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meng C Wang
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xander Ht Wehrens
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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4
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Zhang L, Xie F, Zhang F, Lu B. The potential roles of exosomes in pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy mechanisms and therapy: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37994. [PMID: 38669371 PMCID: PMC11049793 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy, characterized by the enlargement of cardiac muscle cells, leads to serious cardiac conditions and stands as a major global health issue. Exosomes, comprising small lipid bilayer vesicles, are produced by various cell types and found in numerous bodily fluids. They play a pivotal role in intercellular communication by transferring bioactive cargos to recipient cells or activating signaling pathways in target cells. Exosomes from cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and stem cells are key in regulating processes like cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte survival, apoptosis, fibrosis, and angiogenesis within the context of cardiovascular diseases. This review delves into exosomes' roles in pathological cardiac hypertrophy, first elucidating their impact on cell communication and signaling pathways. It then advances to discuss how exosomes affect key hypertrophic processes, including metabolism, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. The review culminates by evaluating the potential of exosomes as biomarkers and their significance in targeted therapeutic strategies, thus emphasizing their critical role in the pathophysiology and management of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Beiyao Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Parvaresh H, Paczek K, Al-Bari MAA, Eid N. Mechanistic insights into fasting-induced autophagy in the aging heart. World J Cardiol 2024; 16:109-117. [PMID: 38576517 PMCID: PMC10989221 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v16.i3.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a prosurvival mechanism for the clearance of accumulated abnormal proteins, damaged organelles, and excessive lipids within mammalian cells. A growing body of data indicates that autophagy is reduced in aging cells. This reduction leads to various diseases, such as myocardial hypertrophy, infarction, and atherosclerosis. Recent studies in animal models of an aging heart showed that fasting-induced autophagy improved cardiac function and longevity. This improvement is related to autophagic clearance of damaged cellular components via either bulk or selective autophagy (such as mitophagy). In this editorial, we summarize the mechanisms of autophagy in normal and aging hearts. In addition, the protective effect of fasting-induced autophagy in cardiac aging has been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannaneh Parvaresh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Katarzyna Paczek
- Department of Chiropractic, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | | | - Nabil Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
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6
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Coste B, Delmas P. PIEZO Ion Channels in Cardiovascular Functions and Diseases. Circ Res 2024; 134:572-591. [PMID: 38422173 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system provides blood supply throughout the body and as such is perpetually applying mechanical forces to cells and tissues. Thus, this system is primed with mechanosensory structures that respond and adapt to changes in mechanical stimuli. Since their discovery in 2010, PIEZO ion channels have dominated the field of mechanobiology. These have been proposed as the long-sought-after mechanosensitive excitatory channels involved in touch and proprioception in mammals. However, more and more pieces of evidence point to the importance of PIEZO channels in cardiovascular activities and disease development. PIEZO channel-related cardiac functions include transducing hemodynamic forces in endothelial and vascular cells, red blood cell homeostasis, platelet aggregation, and arterial blood pressure regulation, among others. PIEZO channels contribute to pathological conditions including cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary hypertension and congenital syndromes such as generalized lymphatic dysplasia and xerocytosis. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the role of PIEZO channels in cardiovascular functions and diseases. Achievements in this quickly expanding field should open a new road for efficient control of PIEZO-related diseases in cardiovascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Coste
- Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Aix-Marseille Université - INSERM 1263 - INRAE 1260, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Delmas
- Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Aix-Marseille Université - INSERM 1263 - INRAE 1260, Marseille, France
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7
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Elliott B, Márquez-Nogueras KM, Thuo P, DiNello E, Knutila RM, Fritzmann GE, Willis M, Chapman AB, Cao Q, Barefield DY, Kuo IY. Cardiac Localized Polycystin-2 plays a Functional Role in Natriuretic Peptide Production and its Absence Contributes to Hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.02.573922. [PMID: 38260706 PMCID: PMC10802350 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.02.573922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the most common cause of mortality in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Hypertension is seen in 70% of patients by the age of 30 prior to decline in kidney function. The natriuretic peptides (NPs), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), are released by cardiomyocytes in response to membrane stretch, increasing urinary excretion of sodium and water. Mice heterozygous for Pkd2 have attenuated NP responses and we hypothesized that cardiomyocyte-localized polycystin proteins contribute to production of NPs. Cardiomyocyte-specific knock-out models of polycystin-2 (PC2), one of the causative genes of ADPKD, demonstrate diurnal hypertension. These mice have decreased ANP and BNP expression in the left ventricle. Analysis of the pathways involved in production, maturation, and activity of NPs identified decreased transcription of CgB, PCSK6, and NFAT genes in cPC2-KOs. Engineered heart tissue with human iPSCs driven into cardiomyocytes with CRISPR/Cas9 KO of PKD2 failed to produce ANP. These results suggest that PC2 in cardiomyocytes are involved in NP production and lack of cardiac PC2 predisposes to a hypertensive volume expanded phenotype, which may contribute to the development of hypertension in ADPKD.
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8
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Jin X. The inositol trisphosphate receptor can facilitate but does not initiate ventricular arrhythmogenesis. J Physiol 2024; 602:5-8. [PMID: 38010615 DOI: 10.1113/jp285786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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9
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Chase PB, Coons AN. Ryanodine receptor-associated myopathies: What's myosin got to do with it? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14058. [PMID: 37902162 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Bryant Chase
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Arianna N Coons
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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10
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Hermes J, Borisova V, Kockskämper J. Store-Operated Calcium Entry Increases Nuclear Calcium in Adult Rat Atrial and Ventricular Cardiomyocytes. Cells 2023; 12:2690. [PMID: 38067118 PMCID: PMC10705675 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in cardiomyocytes may be involved in cardiac remodeling, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesized that SOCE may increase nuclear calcium, which alters gene expression via calcium/calmodulin-dependent enzyme signaling, and elucidated the underlying cellular mechanisms. An experimental protocol was established in isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes to elicit SOCE by re-addition of calcium following complete depletion of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium and to quantify SOCE in relation to the electrically stimulated calcium transient (CaT) measured in the same cell before SR depletion. Using confocal imaging, calcium changes were recorded simultaneously in the cytosol and in the nucleus of the cell. In ventricular myocytes, SOCE was observed in the cytosol and nucleus amounting to ≈15% and ≈25% of the respective CaT. There was a linear correlation between the SOCE-mediated calcium increase in the cytosol and nucleus. Inhibitors of TRPC or Orai channels reduced SOCE by ≈33-67%, whereas detubulation did not. In atrial myocytes, SOCE with similar characteristics was observed in the cytosol and nucleus. However, the SOCE amplitudes in atrial myocytes were ≈two-fold larger than in ventricular myocytes, and this was associated with ≈1.4- to 3.6-fold larger expression of putative SOCE proteins (TRPC1, 3, 6, and STIM1) in atrial tissue. The results indicated that SOCE in atrial and ventricular myocytes is able to cause robust calcium increases in the nucleus and that both TRPC and Orai channels may contribute to SOCE in adult cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hermes
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Centre (BPC) Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 2 K|03, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Vesela Borisova
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Centre (BPC) Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 2 K|03, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Medical University of Varna, Varna 9002, 55 Marin Drinov str., Bulgaria
| | - Jens Kockskämper
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Centre (BPC) Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 2 K|03, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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11
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Smith JAB, Murach KA, Dyar KA, Zierath JR. Exercise metabolism and adaptation in skeletal muscle. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:607-632. [PMID: 37225892 PMCID: PMC10527431 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Viewing metabolism through the lens of exercise biology has proven an accessible and practical strategy to gain new insights into local and systemic metabolic regulation. Recent methodological developments have advanced understanding of the central role of skeletal muscle in many exercise-associated health benefits and have uncovered the molecular underpinnings driving adaptive responses to training regimens. In this Review, we provide a contemporary view of the metabolic flexibility and functional plasticity of skeletal muscle in response to exercise. First, we provide background on the macrostructure and ultrastructure of skeletal muscle fibres, highlighting the current understanding of sarcomeric networks and mitochondrial subpopulations. Next, we discuss acute exercise skeletal muscle metabolism and the signalling, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of adaptations to exercise training. We address knowledge gaps throughout and propose future directions for the field. This Review contextualizes recent research of skeletal muscle exercise metabolism, framing further advances and translation into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon A B Smith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Molecular Mass Regulation Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Kenneth A Dyar
- Metabolic Physiology, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Jin X, Meletiou A, Chung J, Tilunaite A, Demydenko K, Dries E, Puertas RD, Amoni M, Tomar A, Claus P, Soeller C, Rajagopal V, Sipido K, Roderick HL. InsP 3R-RyR channel crosstalk augments sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ release and arrhythmogenic activity in post-MI pig cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 179:47-59. [PMID: 37003353 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ transients (CaT) underlying cardiomyocyte (CM) contraction require efficient Ca2+ coupling between sarcolemmal Ca2+ channels and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ryanodine receptor Ca2+ channels (RyR) for their generation; reduced coupling in disease contributes to diminished CaT and arrhythmogenic Ca2+ events. SR Ca2+ release also occurs via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3R) in CM. While this pathway contributes negligeably to Ca2+ handling in healthy CM, rodent studies support a role in altered Ca2+ dynamics and arrhythmogenic Ca2+ release involving InsP3R crosstalk with RyRs in disease. Whether this mechanism persists in larger mammals with lower T-tubular density and coupling of RyRs is not fully resolved. We have recently shown an arrhythmogenic action of InsP3-induced Ca2+ release (IICR) in end stage human heart failure, often associated with underlying ischemic heart disease (IHD). How IICR contributes to early stages of disease is however not determined but highly relevant. To access this stage, we chose a porcine model of IHD, which shows substantial remodelling of the area adjacent to the infarct. In cells from this region, IICR preferentially augmented Ca2+ release from non-coupled RyR clusters that otherwise showed delayed activation during the CaT. IICR in turn synchronised Ca2+ release during the CaT but also induced arrhythmogenic delayed afterdepolarizations and action potentials. Nanoscale imaging identified co-clustering of InsP3Rs and RyRs, thereby allowing Ca2+-mediated channel crosstalk. Mathematical modelling supported and further delineated this mechanism of enhanced InsP3R-RyRs coupling in MI. Our findings highlight the role of InsP3R-RyR channel crosstalk in Ca2+ release and arrhythmia during post-MI remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Meletiou
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Chung
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Cell Structure and Mechanobiology Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Agne Tilunaite
- Cell Structure and Mechanobiology Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia; Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kateryna Demydenko
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eef Dries
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rosa Doñate Puertas
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew Amoni
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ashutosh Tomar
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Claus
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Vijay Rajagopal
- Cell Structure and Mechanobiology Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Sipido
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Llewelyn Roderick
- KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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13
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Kiessling M, Djalinac N, Voglhuber J, Ljubojevic-Holzer S. Nuclear Calcium in Cardiac (Patho)Physiology: Small Compartment, Big Impact. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030960. [PMID: 36979939 PMCID: PMC10046765 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleus of a cardiomyocyte has been increasingly recognized as a morphologically distinct and partially independent calcium (Ca2+) signaling microdomain, with its own Ca2+-regulatory mechanisms and important effects on cardiac gene expression. In this review, we (1) provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on the dynamics and regulation of nuclear Ca2+ signaling in cardiomyocytes, (2) address the role of nuclear Ca2+ in the development and progression of cardiac pathologies, such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation, and (3) discuss novel aspects of experimental methods to investigate nuclear Ca2+ handling and its downstream effects in the heart. Finally, we highlight current challenges and limitations and recommend future directions for addressing key open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Kiessling
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Nataša Djalinac
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Julia Voglhuber
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Senka Ljubojevic-Holzer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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14
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Interaction between A-kinase anchoring protein 5 and protein kinase A mediates CaMKII/HDAC signaling to inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy after hypoxic reoxygenation. Cell Signal 2023; 103:110569. [PMID: 36565899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We reported that A-kinase anchoring protein 5 (AKAP5) played a role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis after hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R). The role of AKAP5 in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy has not been fully elucidated. Herein we investigated whether AKAP5 regulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). After H/R, deficiency of AKAP5 in H9C2 cardiomyocytes and neonatal rat cardiac myocytes activated CaMKII and stimulated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. AKAP5 upregulation limited this. Low expression of AKAP5 increased CaMKII interaction with histone deacetylases 4/5 (HDAC4/5) and increased nuclear export of HDAC4/5. In addition, AKAP5 interactions with protein kinase A (PKA) and phospholamban (PLN) were diminished. Moreover, the phosphorylation of PLN was decreased, and intracellular calcium increased. Interference of this process with St-Ht31 increased CaMKII signaling, decreased PLN phosphorylation and promoted post-H/R cell hypertrophy. And PKA-anchoring deficient AKAP5ΔPKA could not attenuate hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, but AKAP5 could. Altogether, AKAP5 downregulation exacerbated H/R-induced hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes. This was due to, in part, to less in AKAP5-PKA interaction and the accumulation of intracellular Ca2+ with a subsequent increase in CaMKII activity.
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15
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Demydenko K, Ekhteraei-Tousi S, Roderick HL. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in cardiomyocyte physiology and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210319. [PMID: 36189803 PMCID: PMC9527928 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The contraction of cardiac muscle underlying the pumping action of the heart is mediated by the process of excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). While triggered by Ca2+ entry across the sarcolemma during the action potential, it is the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) intracellular Ca2+ store via ryanodine receptors (RyRs) that plays the major role in induction of contraction. Ca2+ also acts as a key intracellular messenger regulating transcription underlying hypertrophic growth. Although Ca2+ release via RyRs is by far the greatest contributor to the generation of Ca2+ transients in the cardiomyocyte, Ca2+ is also released from the SR via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptors (InsP3Rs). This InsP3-induced Ca2+ release modifies Ca2+ transients during ECC, participates in directing Ca2+ to the mitochondria, and stimulates the transcription of genes underlying hypertrophic growth. Central to these specific actions of InsP3Rs is their localization to responsible signalling microdomains, the dyad, the SR-mitochondrial interface and the nucleus. In this review, the various roles of InsP3R in cardiac (patho)physiology and the mechanisms by which InsP3 signalling selectively influences the different cardiomyocyte cell processes in which it is involved will be presented. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The cardiomyocyte: new revelations on the interplay between architecture and function in growth, health, and disease’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Demydenko
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samaneh Ekhteraei-Tousi
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Llewelyn Roderick
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Yuan W, Cui CC, Li J, Xu YH, Fan CE, Chen YC, Fan HW, Hu BX, Shi MY, Sun ZY, Wang P, Ma TX, Zhang Z, Zhu MS, Chen HQ. Intracellular TMEM16A is necessary for myogenesis of skeletal muscle. iScience 2022; 25:105446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Qiliqiangxin Capsule Modulates Calcium Transients and Calcium Sparks in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9361077. [PMID: 36082183 PMCID: PMC9448542 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9361077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background The therapeutic effects of Qiliqiangxin capsule (QLQX), a Chinese patent medicine, in patients with chronic heart failure are well established. However, whether QLQX modulates cardiac calcium (Ca2+) signals, which are crucial for the heart function, remains unclear. Aim of the Study. This study aimed to evaluate the role of QLQX in modulating Ca2+ signals in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Materials and Methods Fluorescence imaging was used to monitor Ca2+ signals in the cytosol and nuclei of hiPSC-CMs. For Ca2+ spark measurements, the line-scan mode of a confocal microscope was used. Results The QLQX treatment substantially decreased the frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ transients, whereas the amplitude of Ca2+ transients elicited by electrical stimulation did not change. QLQX increased the Ca2+ spark frequency in both the cytosol and nuclei without changing the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content. Interestingly, QLQX ameliorated abnormal Ca2+ transients in CMs differentiated from hiPSCs derived from patients with long-QT syndrome. Conclusions Our findings provide the first line of evidence that QLQX directly modulates cardiac Ca2+ signals in a human cardiomyocyte model.
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18
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Matzer I, Voglhuber J, Kiessling M, Djalinac N, Trummer-Herbst V, Mabotuwana N, Rech L, Holzer M, Sossalla S, Rainer PP, Zirlik A, Ljubojevic-Holzer S. β-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation Maintains NCX-CaMKII Axis and Prevents Overactivation of IL6R-Signaling in Cardiomyocytes upon Increased Workload. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071648. [PMID: 35884952 PMCID: PMC9313457 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive β-adrenergic stimulation and tachycardia are potent triggers of cardiac remodeling; however, their exact cellular effects remain elusive. Here, we sought to determine the potency of β-adrenergic stimulation and tachycardia to modulate gene expression profiles of cardiomyocytes. Using neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, we showed that tachycardia caused a significant upregulation of sodium–calcium exchanger (NCX) and the activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) in the nuclear region. Acute isoprenaline treatment ameliorated NCX-upregulation and potentiated CaMKII activity, specifically on the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope, while preincubation with the β-blocker propranolol abolished both isoprenaline-mediated effects. On a transcriptional level, screening for hypertrophy-related genes revealed tachycardia-induced upregulation of interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R). While isoprenaline prevented this effect, pharmacological intervention with propranolol or NCX inhibitor ORM-10962 demonstrated that simultaneous CaMKII activation on the subcellular Ca2+ stores and prevention of NCX upregulation are needed for keeping IL6R activation low. Finally, using hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive rats, we showed that blunted β-adrenergic signaling is associated with NCX upregulation and enhanced IL6R signaling. We therefore propose a previously unrecognized protective role of β-adrenergic signaling, which is compromised in cardiac pathologies, in preventing IL6R overactivation under increased workload. A better understanding of these processes may contribute to refinement of therapeutic options for patients receiving β-blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Matzer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.); (V.T.-H.); (N.M.); (L.R.); (P.P.R.); (A.Z.)
| | - Julia Voglhuber
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.); (V.T.-H.); (N.M.); (L.R.); (P.P.R.); (A.Z.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (S.L.-H.)
| | - Mara Kiessling
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.); (V.T.-H.); (N.M.); (L.R.); (P.P.R.); (A.Z.)
| | - Nataša Djalinac
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.); (V.T.-H.); (N.M.); (L.R.); (P.P.R.); (A.Z.)
| | - Viktoria Trummer-Herbst
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.); (V.T.-H.); (N.M.); (L.R.); (P.P.R.); (A.Z.)
| | - Nishani Mabotuwana
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.); (V.T.-H.); (N.M.); (L.R.); (P.P.R.); (A.Z.)
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Lavinia Rech
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.); (V.T.-H.); (N.M.); (L.R.); (P.P.R.); (A.Z.)
| | - Michael Holzer
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Otto-Loewi Research Centre, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Centre Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Peter P. Rainer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.); (V.T.-H.); (N.M.); (L.R.); (P.P.R.); (A.Z.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.); (V.T.-H.); (N.M.); (L.R.); (P.P.R.); (A.Z.)
| | - Senka Ljubojevic-Holzer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.); (V.T.-H.); (N.M.); (L.R.); (P.P.R.); (A.Z.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (S.L.-H.)
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Rajagopal V, Arumugam S, Hunter PJ, Khadangi A, Chung J, Pan M. The Cell Physiome: What Do We Need in a Computational Physiology Framework for Predicting Single-Cell Biology? Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci 2022; 5:341-366. [PMID: 35576556 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-072018-021246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Modern biology and biomedicine are undergoing a big data explosion, needing advanced computational algorithms to extract mechanistic insights on the physiological state of living cells. We present the motivation for the Cell Physiome project: a framework and approach for creating, sharing, and using biophysics-based computational models of single-cell physiology. Using examples in calcium signaling, bioenergetics, and endosomal trafficking, we highlight the need for spatially detailed, biophysics-based computational models to uncover new mechanisms underlying cell biology. We review progress and challenges to date toward creating cell physiome models. We then introduce bond graphs as an efficient way to create cell physiome models that integrate chemical, mechanical, electromagnetic, and thermal processes while maintaining mass and energy balance. Bond graphs enhance modularization and reusability of computational models of cells at scale. We conclude with a look forward at steps that will help fully realize this exciting new field of mechanistic biomedical data science. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biomedical Data Science, Volume 5 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Senthil Arumugam
- Cellular Physiology Lab, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences; European Molecular Biological Laboratory (EMBL) Australia; and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Hunter
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Afshin Khadangi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Joshua Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Michael Pan
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Signaling cascades in the failing heart and emerging therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:134. [PMID: 35461308 PMCID: PMC9035186 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is the end stage of cardiac diseases. With a high prevalence and a high mortality rate worldwide, chronic heart failure is one of the heaviest health-related burdens. In addition to the standard neurohormonal blockade therapy, several medications have been developed for chronic heart failure treatment, but the population-wide improvement in chronic heart failure prognosis over time has been modest, and novel therapies are still needed. Mechanistic discovery and technical innovation are powerful driving forces for therapeutic development. On the one hand, the past decades have witnessed great progress in understanding the mechanism of chronic heart failure. It is now known that chronic heart failure is not only a matter involving cardiomyocytes. Instead, chronic heart failure involves numerous signaling pathways in noncardiomyocytes, including fibroblasts, immune cells, vascular cells, and lymphatic endothelial cells, and crosstalk among these cells. The complex regulatory network includes protein-protein, protein-RNA, and RNA-RNA interactions. These achievements in mechanistic studies provide novel insights for future therapeutic targets. On the other hand, with the development of modern biological techniques, targeting a protein pharmacologically is no longer the sole option for treating chronic heart failure. Gene therapy can directly manipulate the expression level of genes; gene editing techniques provide hope for curing hereditary cardiomyopathy; cell therapy aims to replace dysfunctional cardiomyocytes; and xenotransplantation may solve the problem of donor heart shortages. In this paper, we reviewed these two aspects in the field of failing heart signaling cascades and emerging therapeutic strategies based on modern biological techniques.
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21
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Hulikova A, Park KC, Loonat AA, Gunadasa-Rohling M, Curtis MK, Chung YJ, Wilson A, Carr CA, Trafford AW, Fournier M, Moshnikova A, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK, Riley PR, Smart N, Milne TA, Crump NT, Swietach P. Alkaline nucleoplasm facilitates contractile gene expression in the mammalian heart. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:17. [PMID: 35357563 PMCID: PMC8971196 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac contractile strength is recognised as being highly pH-sensitive, but less is known about the influence of pH on cardiac gene expression, which may become relevant in response to changes in myocardial metabolism or vascularization during development or disease. We sought evidence for pH-responsive cardiac genes, and a physiological context for this form of transcriptional regulation. pHLIP, a peptide-based reporter of acidity, revealed a non-uniform pH landscape in early-postnatal myocardium, dissipating in later life. pH-responsive differentially expressed genes (pH-DEGs) were identified by transcriptomics of neonatal cardiomyocytes cultured over a range of pH. Enrichment analysis indicated "striated muscle contraction" as a pH-responsive biological process. Label-free proteomics verified fifty-four pH-responsive gene-products, including contractile elements and the adaptor protein CRIP2. Using transcriptional assays, acidity was found to reduce p300/CBP acetylase activity and, its a functional readout, inhibit myocardin, a co-activator of cardiac gene expression. In cultured myocytes, acid-inhibition of p300/CBP reduced H3K27 acetylation, as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. H3K27ac levels were more strongly reduced at promoters of acid-downregulated DEGs, implicating an epigenetic mechanism of pH-sensitive gene expression. By tandem cytoplasmic/nuclear pH imaging, the cardiac nucleus was found to exercise a degree of control over its pH through Na+/H+ exchangers at the nuclear envelope. Thus, we describe how extracellular pH signals gain access to the nucleus and regulate the expression of a subset of cardiac genes, notably those coding for contractile proteins and CRIP2. Acting as a proxy of a well-perfused myocardium, alkaline conditions are permissive for expressing genes related to the contractile apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Hulikova
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Aminah A Loonat
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Mala Gunadasa-Rohling
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - M Kate Curtis
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Yu Jin Chung
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Abigail Wilson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Carolyn A Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Andrew W Trafford
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marjorie Fournier
- Department of Biochemistry, Advanced Proteomics Facility, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Moshnikova
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, 2 Lippitt Rd, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Oleg A Andreev
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, 2 Lippitt Rd, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Yana K Reshetnyak
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, 2 Lippitt Rd, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Nicola Smart
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Thomas A Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas T Crump
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
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22
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Varma D, Almeida JFQ, DeSantiago J, Blatter LA, Banach K. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor - reactive oxygen signaling domain regulates excitation-contraction coupling in atrial myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 163:147-155. [PMID: 34755642 PMCID: PMC8826595 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) is up-regulated in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and InsP3-induced Ca2+ release (IICR) is linked to pro-arrhythmic spontaneous Ca2+ release events. Nevertheless, knowledge of the physiological relevance and regulation of InsP3Rs in atrial muscle is still limited. We hypothesize that InsP3R and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) form a functional signaling domain where NOX2 derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate InsP3R agonist affinity and thereby Ca2+ release. To quantitate the contribution of IICR to atrial excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) atrial myocytes (AMs) were isolated from wild type and NOX2 deficient (Nox2-/-) mice and changes in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i; fluo-4/AM, indo-1) or ROS (2',7'-dichlorofluorescein, DCF) were monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Superfusion of AMs with Angiotensin II (AngII: 1 μmol/L) significantly increased diastolic [Ca2+]i (F/F0, Ctrl: 1.00 ± 0.01, AngII: 1.20 ± 0.03; n = 7; p < 0.05), the field stimulation induced Ca2+ transient (CaT) amplitude (ΔF/F0, Ctrl: 2.00 ± 0.17, AngII: 2.39 ± 0.22, n = 7; p < 0.05), and let to the occurrence of spontaneous increases in [Ca2+]i. These changes in [Ca2+]i were suppressed by the InsP3R blocker 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl-borate (2-APB; 1 μmol/L). Concomitantly, AngII induced an increase in ROS production that was sensitive to the NOX2 specific inhibitor gp91ds-tat (1 μmol/L). In NOX2-/- AMs, AngII failed to increase diastolic [Ca2+]i, CaT amplitude, and the frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ increases. Furthermore, the enhancement of CaTs by exposure to membrane permeant InsP3 was abolished by NOX inhibition with apocynin (1 μM). AngII induced IICR in Nox2-/- AMs could be restored by addition of exogenous ROS (tert-butyl hydroperoxide, tBHP: 5 μmol/L). In saponin permeabilized AMs InsP3 (5 μmol/L) induced Ca2+ sparks that increased in frequency in the presence of ROS (InsP3: 9.65 ± 1.44 sparks*s-1*(100μm)-1; InsP3 + tBHP: 10.77 ± 1.5 sparks*s-1*(100μm)-1; n = 5; p < 0.05). The combined effect of InsP3 + tBHP was entirely suppressed by 2-APB and Xestospongine C (XeC). Changes in IICR due to InsP3R glutathionylation induced by diamide could be reversed by the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT: 1 mmol/L) and prevented by pretreatment with 2-APB, supporting that the ROS-dependent post-translational modification of the InsP3R plays a role in the regulation of ECC. Our data demonstrate that in AMs the InsP3R is under dual control of agonist induced InsP3 and ROS formation and suggest that InsP3 and NOX2-derived ROS co-regulate atrial IICR and ECC in a defined InsP3R/NOX2 signaling domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Varma
- Dept. of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Jonathas F Q Almeida
- Dept. of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Jaime DeSantiago
- Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Lothar A Blatter
- Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Kathrin Banach
- Dept. of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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23
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Ca 2+ mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction: a converging road to prediabetic and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:33-61. [PMID: 34978597 PMCID: PMC8721633 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as the myocardial dysfunction that suffers patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the absence of hypertension and structural heart diseases such as valvular or coronary artery dysfunctions. Since the impact of DM on cardiac function is rather silent and slow, early stages of diabetic cardiomyopathy, known as prediabetes, are poorly recognized, and, on many occasions, cardiac illness is diagnosed only after a severe degree of dysfunction was reached. Therefore, exploration and recognition of the initial pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy are of vital importance for an on-time diagnosis and treatment of the malady. Among the complex and intricate mechanisms involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy, Ca2+ mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction have been described as pivotal early processes. In the present review, we will focus on these two processes and the molecular pathway that relates these two alterations to the earlier stages and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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24
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Fernández-Morales JC, Xia Y, Rienzo TJ, Zhang XH, Morad M. Mutation in RyR2-FKBP Binding site alters Ca 2+ signaling modestly but increases "arrhythmogenesis" in human stem cells derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Calcium 2022; 101:102500. [PMID: 34813985 PMCID: PMC8752506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To gain insights into FKBP regulation of cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and Ca2+ signaling, we introduced the point mutation (N771D-RyR2) corresponding to skeletal muscle mutation (N760D-RyR1) associated with central core disease (CCD) via CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing in the RyR2 FKBP binding site expressed in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSCCMs). Patients inflicted with CCD and other hereditary skeletal muscle diseases often show higher incidence of atrial or ventricular arrhythmias. METHODS AND RESULTS Ca2+ imaging of voltage-clamped N771D-RyR2 mutant compared to WT hiPSCCMs showed: (1) ∼30% suppressed ICa with no significant changes in the gating kinetics of ICa; (2) 29% lower SR Ca2+ content and 33% lower RyR2 Ca2+ leak; (3) higher CICR gain and 30-35% increased efficiency of ICa-triggered Ca2±release; (4) higher incidence of aberrant SR Ca2+ releases, DADs, and Ca2+ sparks; (5) no change in fractional Ca2+-release, action potential morphology, sensitivity to isoproterenol, and sarcomeric FKBP-binding pattern. CONCLUSIONS The more frequent spontaneous Ca2+ releases and longer Ca2+ sparks underlie the increased incidence of DADs and cellular arrhythmogenesis of N771D-RyR2 mutant. The smaller RyR2 Ca2±leak and SR content result from suppressed ICathat is compensated by higher CICR gain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanli Xia
- Cardiac Signaling Center of MUSC, USC and Clemson University, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Taylor J. Rienzo
- Cardiac Signaling Center of MUSC, USC and Clemson University, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Cardiac Signaling Center of MUSC, USC and Clemson University, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Martin Morad
- Cardiac Signaling Center of MUSC, USC and Clemson University, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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25
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Badone B, Ronchi C, Lodola F, Knaust AE, Hansen A, Eschenhagen T, Zaza A. Characterization of the PLN p.Arg14del Mutation in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13500. [PMID: 34948294 PMCID: PMC8709382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholamban (PLN) is the natural inhibitor of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATP-ase (SERCA2a). Heterozygous PLN p.Arg14del mutation is associated with an arrhythmogenic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), whose pathogenesis has been attributed to SERCA2a "superinhibition". AIM To test in cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) derived from a PLN p.Arg14del carrier whether (1) Ca2+ dynamics and protein localization were compatible with SERCA2a superinhibition and (2) if functional abnormalities could be reverted by pharmacological SERCA2a activation (PST3093). METHODS Ca2+ transients (CaT) were recorded at 36 °C in hiPSC-CMs clusters during field stimulation. SERCA2a and PLN where immunolabeled in single hiPSC-CMs. Mutant preparations (MUT) were compared to isogenic wild-type ones (WT), obtained by mutation reversal. RESULTS WT and MUT differed for the following properties: (1) CaT time to peak (tpeak) and half-time of CaT decay were shorter in MUT; (2) several CaT profiles were identified in WT, "hyperdynamic" ones largely prevailed in MUT; (3) whereas tpeak rate-dependently declined in WT, it was shorter and rate-independent in MUT; (4) diastolic Ca2+ rate-dependently accumulated in WT, but not in MUT. When applied to WT, PST3093 turned all the above properties to resemble those of MUT; when applied to MUT, PST3093 had a smaller or negligible effect. Preferential perinuclear SERCA2a-PLN localization was lost in MUT hiPSC-CMs. CONCLUSIONS Functional data converge to argue for PLN p.Arg14del incompetence in inhibiting SERCA2a in the tested case, thus weakening the rationale for therapeutic SERCA2a activation. Mechanisms alternative to SERCA2a superinhibition should be considered in the pathogenesis of DCM, possibly including dysregulation of Ca2+-dependent transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Badone
- Laboratory of Cardiac Cellular Physiology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (C.R.); (F.L.)
| | - Carlotta Ronchi
- Laboratory of Cardiac Cellular Physiology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (C.R.); (F.L.)
| | - Francesco Lodola
- Laboratory of Cardiac Cellular Physiology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (C.R.); (F.L.)
| | - Anika E. Knaust
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.E.K.); (A.H.); (T.E.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20249 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.E.K.); (A.H.); (T.E.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20249 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.E.K.); (A.H.); (T.E.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20249 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonio Zaza
- Laboratory of Cardiac Cellular Physiology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (C.R.); (F.L.)
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26
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Mages C, Gampp H, Syren P, Rahm AK, André F, Frey N, Lugenbiel P, Thomas D. Electrical Ventricular Remodeling in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102767. [PMID: 34685747 PMCID: PMC8534398 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular arrhythmias contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). Pathomechanisms underlying arrhythmogenicity in patients with structural heart disease and impaired cardiac function include myocardial fibrosis and the remodeling of ion channels, affecting electrophysiologic properties of ventricular cardiomyocytes. The dysregulation of ion channel expression has been associated with cardiomyopathy and with the development of arrhythmias. However, the underlying molecular signaling pathways are increasingly recognized. This review summarizes clinical and cellular electrophysiologic characteristics observed in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with ionic and structural alterations at the ventricular level. Furthermore, potential translational strategies and therapeutic options are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mages
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.); (H.G.); (P.S.); (A.-K.R.); (F.A.); (N.F.); (P.L.)
- Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Gampp
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.); (H.G.); (P.S.); (A.-K.R.); (F.A.); (N.F.); (P.L.)
- Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Syren
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.); (H.G.); (P.S.); (A.-K.R.); (F.A.); (N.F.); (P.L.)
- Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Rahm
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.); (H.G.); (P.S.); (A.-K.R.); (F.A.); (N.F.); (P.L.)
- Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian André
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.); (H.G.); (P.S.); (A.-K.R.); (F.A.); (N.F.); (P.L.)
- Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.); (H.G.); (P.S.); (A.-K.R.); (F.A.); (N.F.); (P.L.)
- Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lugenbiel
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.); (H.G.); (P.S.); (A.-K.R.); (F.A.); (N.F.); (P.L.)
- Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dierk Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.); (H.G.); (P.S.); (A.-K.R.); (F.A.); (N.F.); (P.L.)
- Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-568855; Fax: +49-6221-565514
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Pfenniger A, Yoo S, Arora R. Nucleoplasmic Ca 2+: The 'Mastermind' Behind Pathological Atrial Remodeling? Circ Res 2021; 128:636-638. [PMID: 34314193 PMCID: PMC9278521 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pfenniger
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Shin Yoo
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Rishi Arora
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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28
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CaMKII and PKA-dependent phosphorylation co-regulate nuclear localization of HDAC4 in adult cardiomyocytes. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:11. [PMID: 33590335 PMCID: PMC7884572 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) represses MEF2-mediated transcription, implicated in the development of heart failure. CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation drives nucleus-to-cytoplasm HDAC4 shuttling, but protein kinase A (PKA) is also linked to HDAC4 translocation. However, the interplay of CaMKII and PKA in regulating adult cardiomyocyte HDAC4 translocation is unclear. Here we sought to determine the interplay of PKA- and CaMKII-dependent HDAC4 phosphorylation and translocation in adult mouse, rabbit and human ventricular myocytes. Confocal imaging and protein analyses revealed that inhibition of CaMKII-but not PKA, PKC or PKD-raised nucleo-to-cytoplasmic HDAC4 fluorescence ratio (FNuc/FCyto) by ~ 50%, indicating baseline CaMKII activity that limits HDAC4 nuclear localization. Further CaMKII activation (via increased extracellular [Ca2+], high pacing frequencies, angiotensin II or overexpression of CaM or CaMKIIδC) led to significant HDAC4 nuclear export. In contrast, PKA activation by isoproterenol or forskolin drove HDAC4 into the nucleus (raising FNuc/FCyto by > 60%). These PKA-mediated effects were abolished in cells pretreated with PKA inhibitors and in cells expressing mutant HDAC4 in S265/266A mutant. In physiological conditions where both kinases are active, PKA-dependent nuclear accumulation of HDAC4 was predominant in the very early response, while CaMKII-dependent HDAC4 export prevailed upon prolonged stimuli. This orchestrated co-regulation was shifted in failing cardiomyocytes, where CaMKII-dependent effects predominated over PKA-dependent response. Importantly, human cardiomyocytes showed similar CaMKII- and PKA-dependent HDAC4 shifts. Collectively, CaMKII limits nuclear localization of HDAC4, while PKA favors HDAC4 nuclear retention and S265/266 is essential for PKA-mediated regulation. These pathways thus compete in HDAC4 nuclear localization and transcriptional regulation in cardiac signaling.
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29
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Blatter LA, Kanaporis G, Martinez-Hernandez E, Oropeza-Almazan Y, Banach K. Excitation-contraction coupling and calcium release in atrial muscle. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:317-329. [PMID: 33398498 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In cardiac muscle, the process of excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) describes the chain of events that links action potential induced myocyte membrane depolarization, surface membrane ion channel activation, triggering of Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ store to activation of the contractile machinery that is ultimately responsible for the pump function of the heart. Here we review similarities and differences of structural and functional attributes of ECC between atrial and ventricular tissue. We explore a novel "fire-diffuse-uptake-fire" paradigm of atrial ECC and Ca2+ release that assigns a novel role to the SR SERCA pump and involves a concerted "tandem" activation of the ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channel by cytosolic and luminal Ca2+. We discuss the contribution of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor Ca2+ release channel as an auxiliary pathway to Ca2+ signaling, and we review IP3 receptor-induced Ca2+ release involvement in beat-to-beat ECC, nuclear Ca2+ signaling, and arrhythmogenesis. Finally, we explore the topic of electromechanical and Ca2+ alternans and its ramifications for atrial arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Blatter
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - G Kanaporis
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - E Martinez-Hernandez
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Y Oropeza-Almazan
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - K Banach
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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30
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Qi XY, Vahdati Hassani F, Hoffmann D, Xiao J, Xiong F, Villeneuve LR, Ljubojevic-Holzer S, Kamler M, Abu-Taha I, Heijman J, Bers DM, Dobrev D, Nattel S. Inositol Trisphosphate Receptors and Nuclear Calcium in Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Res 2020; 128:619-635. [PMID: 33375812 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common clinical arrhythmia, are poorly understood. Nucleoplasmic Ca2+ regulates gene expression, but the nature and significance of nuclear Ca2+-changes in AF are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To elucidate mechanisms by which AF alters atrial-cardiomyocyte nuclear Ca2+ ([Ca2+]Nuc) and CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II)-related signaling. METHODS AND RESULTS Atrial cardiomyocytes were isolated from control and AF dogs (kept in AF by atrial tachypacing [600 bpm × 1 week]). [Ca2+]Nuc and cytosolic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]Cyto) were recorded via confocal microscopy. Diastolic [Ca2+]Nuc was greater than [Ca2+]Cyto under control conditions, while resting [Ca2+]Nuc was similar to [Ca2+]Cyto; both diastolic and resting [Ca2+]Nuc increased with AF. IP3R (Inositol-trisphosphate receptor) stimulation produced larger [Ca2+]Nuc increases in AF versus control cardiomyocytes, and IP3R-blockade suppressed the AF-related [Ca2+]Nuc differences. AF upregulated nuclear protein expression of IP3R1 (IP3R-type 1) and of phosphorylated CaMKII (immunohistochemistry and immunoblot) while decreasing the nuclear/cytosolic expression ratio for HDAC4 (histone deacetylase type-4). Isolated atrial cardiomyocytes tachypaced at 3 Hz for 24 hours mimicked AF-type [Ca2+]Nuc changes and L-type calcium current decreases versus 1-Hz-paced cardiomyocytes; these changes were prevented by IP3R knockdown with short-interfering RNA directed against IP3R1. Nuclear/cytosolic HDAC4 expression ratio was decreased by 3-Hz pacing, while nuclear CaMKII phosphorylation was increased. Either CaMKII-inhibition (by autocamtide-2-related peptide) or IP3R-knockdown prevented the CaMKII-hyperphosphorylation and nuclear-to-cytosolic HDAC4 shift caused by 3-Hz pacing. In human atrial cardiomyocytes from AF patients, nuclear IP3R1-expression was significantly increased, with decreased nuclear/nonnuclear HDAC4 ratio. MicroRNA-26a was predicted to target ITPR1 (confirmed by luciferase assay) and was downregulated in AF atrial cardiomyocytes; microRNA-26a silencing reproduced AF-induced IP3R1 upregulation and nuclear diastolic Ca2+-loading. CONCLUSIONS AF increases atrial-cardiomyocyte nucleoplasmic [Ca2+] by IP3R1-upregulation involving miR-26a, leading to enhanced IP3R1-CaMKII-HDAC4 signaling and L-type calcium current downregulation. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Qi
- Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Canada (X.-Y.Q., F.V.H., J.X., F.X., L.R.V., D.D., S.N.)
| | - Faezeh Vahdati Hassani
- Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Canada (X.-Y.Q., F.V.H., J.X., F.X., L.R.V., D.D., S.N.)
| | - Dennis Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.H., I.A.-T., J.H., D.D., S.N.)
| | - Jiening Xiao
- Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Canada (X.-Y.Q., F.V.H., J.X., F.X., L.R.V., D.D., S.N.)
| | - Feng Xiong
- Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Canada (X.-Y.Q., F.V.H., J.X., F.X., L.R.V., D.D., S.N.)
| | - Louis R Villeneuve
- Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Canada (X.-Y.Q., F.V.H., J.X., F.X., L.R.V., D.D., S.N.)
| | | | - Markus Kamler
- Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Huttrop (M.K.)
| | - Issam Abu-Taha
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.H., I.A.-T., J.H., D.D., S.N.)
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.H., I.A.-T., J.H., D.D., S.N.).,Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (J.H.)
| | - Donald M Bers
- Physiology, University of California, Davis (S.L.-H., D.M.B.)
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Canada (X.-Y.Q., F.V.H., J.X., F.X., L.R.V., D.D., S.N.).,Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.H., I.A.-T., J.H., D.D., S.N.)
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Canada (X.-Y.Q., F.V.H., J.X., F.X., L.R.V., D.D., S.N.).,Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany (D.H., I.A.-T., J.H., D.D., S.N.).,Pharmacology, McGill University Montreal, Canada (S.N.).,IHU LIRYC, Bordeaux, France (S.N.)
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31
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Woo SH, Trinh TN. P2 Receptors in Cardiac Myocyte Pathophysiology and Mechanotransduction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010251. [PMID: 33383710 PMCID: PMC7794727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP is a major energy source in the mammalian cells, but it is an extracellular chemical messenger acting on P2 purinergic receptors. A line of evidence has shown that ATP is released from many different types of cells including neurons, endothelial cells, and muscle cells. In this review, we described the distribution of P2 receptor subtypes in the cardiac cells and their physiological and pathological roles in the heart. So far, the effects of external application of ATP or its analogues, and those of UTP on cardiac contractility and rhythm have been reported. In addition, specific genetic alterations and pharmacological agonists and antagonists have been adopted to discover specific roles of P2 receptor subtypes including P2X4-, P2X7-, P2Y2- and P2Y6-receptors in cardiac cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Accumulated data suggest that P2X4 receptors may play a beneficial role in cardiac muscle function, and that P2Y2- and P2Y6-receptors can induce cardiac fibrosis. Recent evidence further demonstrates P2Y1 receptor and P2X4 receptor as important mechanical signaling molecules to alter membrane potential and Ca2+ signaling in atrial myocytes and their uneven expression profile between right and left atrium.
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32
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Zhang J, Simpson PC, Jensen BC. Cardiac α1A-adrenergic receptors: emerging protective roles in cardiovascular diseases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H725-H733. [PMID: 33275531 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00621.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
α1-Adrenergic receptors (ARs) are catecholamine-activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are expressed in mouse and human myocardium and vasculature, and play essential roles in the regulation of cardiovascular physiology. Though α1-ARs are less abundant in the heart than β1-ARs, activation of cardiac α1-ARs results in important biologic processes such as hypertrophy, positive inotropy, ischemic preconditioning, and protection from cell death. Data from the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) indicate that nonselectively blocking α1-ARs is associated with a twofold increase in adverse cardiac events, including heart failure and angina, suggesting that α1-AR activation might also be cardioprotective in humans. Mounting evidence implicates the α1A-AR subtype in these adaptive effects, including prevention and reversal of heart failure in animal models by α1A agonists. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of cardiac α1A-ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Zhang
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Paul C Simpson
- Department of Medicine and Research Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Brian C Jensen
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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33
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Seaborne RA, Sharples AP. The Interplay Between Exercise Metabolism, Epigenetics, and Skeletal Muscle Remodeling. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2020; 48:188-200. [PMID: 32658040 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We explore work from within the field of skeletal muscle and across the broader field of molecular biology, to propose that the link between exercise and skeletal muscle adaptation lies in the interplay between metabolism and epigenetics. Future investigations into such an interaction are crucial to advance our understanding of the beneficial effects of exercise on performance and health.
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34
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Hyperglycemia regulates cardiac K + channels via O-GlcNAc-CaMKII and NOX2-ROS-PKC pathways. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:71. [PMID: 33237428 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-00834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia and diabetes lead to impaired cardiac repolarization, K+ channel remodeling and increased arrhythmia risk. However, the exact signaling mechanism by which diabetic hyperglycemia regulates cardiac K+ channels remains elusive. Here, we show that acute hyperglycemia increases inward rectifier K+ current (IK1), but reduces the amplitude and inactivation recovery time of the transient outward K+ current (Ito) in mouse, rat, and rabbit myocytes. These changes were all critically dependent on intracellular O-GlcNAcylation. Additionally, IK1 amplitude and Ito recovery effects (but not Ito amplitude) were prevented by the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide, CaMKIIδ-knockout, and O-GlcNAc-resistant CaMKIIδ-S280A knock-in. Ito reduction was prevented by inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). In mouse models of chronic diabetes (streptozotocin, db/db, and high-fat diet), heart failure, and CaMKIIδ overexpression, both Ito and IK1 were reduced in line with the downregulated K+ channel expression. However, IK1 downregulation in diabetes was markedly attenuated in CaMKIIδ-S280A. We conclude that acute hyperglycemia enhances IK1 and Ito recovery via CaMKIIδ-S280 O-GlcNAcylation, but reduces Ito amplitude via a NOX2-ROS-PKC pathway. Moreover, chronic hyperglycemia during diabetes and CaMKII activation downregulate K+ channel expression and function, which may further increase arrhythmia susceptibility.
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35
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Johansson M, Ulfenborg B, Andersson CX, Heydarkhan-Hagvall S, Jeppsson A, Sartipy P, Synnergren J. Cardiac hypertrophy in a dish: a human stem cell based model. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio052381. [PMID: 32878883 PMCID: PMC7522030 DOI: 10.1242/bio.052381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an important and independent risk factor for the development of heart failure. To better understand the mechanisms and regulatory pathways involved in cardiac hypertrophy, there is a need for improved in vitro models. In this study, we investigated how hypertrophic stimulation affected human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs). The cells were stimulated with endothelin-1 (ET-1) for 8, 24, 48, 72, or 96 h. Parameters including cell size, ANP-, proBNP-, and lactate concentration were analyzed. Moreover, transcriptional profiling using RNA-sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes following ET-1 stimulation. The results show that the CMs increase in size by approximately 13% when exposed to ET-1 in parallel to increases in ANP and proBNP protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, the lactate concentration in the media was increased indicating that the CMs consume more glucose, a hallmark of cardiac hypertrophy. Using RNA-seq, a hypertrophic gene expression pattern was also observed in the stimulated CMs. Taken together, these results show that hiPSC-derived CMs stimulated with ET-1 display a hypertrophic response. The results from this study also provide new molecular insights about the underlying mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and may help accelerate the development of new drugs against this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Johansson
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, Department for Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Skövde, SE-541 28 Skövde, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Ulfenborg
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, Department for Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Skövde, SE-541 28 Skövde, Sweden
| | | | - Sepideh Heydarkhan-Hagvall
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, Department for Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Skövde, SE-541 28 Skövde, Sweden
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals, R&D AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Jeppsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Sartipy
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, Department for Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Skövde, SE-541 28 Skövde, Sweden
- Late-stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jane Synnergren
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, Department for Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Skövde, SE-541 28 Skövde, Sweden
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36
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Martens MD, Field JT, Seshadri N, Day C, Chapman D, Keijzer R, Doucette CA, Hatch GM, West AR, Ivanco TL, Gordon JW. Misoprostol attenuates neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation through Bnip3, perinuclear calcium signaling, and inhibition of glycolysis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 146:19-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ljubojevic-Holzer S, Herren AW, Djalinac N, Voglhuber J, Morotti S, Holzer M, Wood BM, Abdellatif M, Matzer I, Sacherer M, Radulovic S, Wallner M, Ivanov M, Wagner S, Sossalla S, von Lewinski D, Pieske B, Brown JH, Sedej S, Bossuyt J, Bers DM. CaMKIIδC Drives Early Adaptive Ca 2+ Change and Late Eccentric Cardiac Hypertrophy. Circ Res 2020; 127:1159-1178. [PMID: 32821022 PMCID: PMC7547876 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. CaMKII (Ca2+-Calmodulin dependent protein kinase) δC activation is implicated in pathological progression of heart failure (HF) and CaMKIIδC transgenic mice rapidly develop HF and arrhythmias. However, little is known about early spatio-temporal Ca2+ handling and CaMKII activation in hypertrophy and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senka Ljubojevic-Holzer
- Department of Cardiology (S.L.-H., N.D., J.V., M.A., I.M., M.S., S.R., M.W., D.v.L., S. Sedej), Medical University of Graz, Austria.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA (S.L.-H., A.W.H., S.M., B.M.W., J.B., D.M.B.).,BioTechMed Graz, Austria (S.L.-H., J.V., S. Sedej)
| | - Anthony W Herren
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA (S.L.-H., A.W.H., S.M., B.M.W., J.B., D.M.B.)
| | - Natasa Djalinac
- Department of Cardiology (S.L.-H., N.D., J.V., M.A., I.M., M.S., S.R., M.W., D.v.L., S. Sedej), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Voglhuber
- Department of Cardiology (S.L.-H., N.D., J.V., M.A., I.M., M.S., S.R., M.W., D.v.L., S. Sedej), Medical University of Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Austria (S.L.-H., J.V., S. Sedej)
| | - Stefano Morotti
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA (S.L.-H., A.W.H., S.M., B.M.W., J.B., D.M.B.)
| | - Michael Holzer
- Otto-Loewi Research Centre, Division of Pharmacology (M.H.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Brent M Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA (S.L.-H., A.W.H., S.M., B.M.W., J.B., D.M.B.)
| | - Mahmoud Abdellatif
- Department of Cardiology (S.L.-H., N.D., J.V., M.A., I.M., M.S., S.R., M.W., D.v.L., S. Sedej), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Ingrid Matzer
- Department of Cardiology (S.L.-H., N.D., J.V., M.A., I.M., M.S., S.R., M.W., D.v.L., S. Sedej), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Sacherer
- Department of Cardiology (S.L.-H., N.D., J.V., M.A., I.M., M.S., S.R., M.W., D.v.L., S. Sedej), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Snjezana Radulovic
- Department of Cardiology (S.L.-H., N.D., J.V., M.A., I.M., M.S., S.R., M.W., D.v.L., S. Sedej), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Wallner
- Department of Cardiology (S.L.-H., N.D., J.V., M.A., I.M., M.S., S.R., M.W., D.v.L., S. Sedej), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Milan Ivanov
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia (M.I.)
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Germany (S.W., S. Sossalla)
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany (S. Sossalla).,Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Germany (S.W., S. Sossalla)
| | - Dirk von Lewinski
- Department of Cardiology (S.L.-H., N.D., J.V., M.A., I.M., M.S., S.R., M.W., D.v.L., S. Sedej), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany (B.P.)
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.H.B.)
| | - Simon Sedej
- Department of Cardiology (S.L.-H., N.D., J.V., M.A., I.M., M.S., S.R., M.W., D.v.L., S. Sedej), Medical University of Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Austria (S.L.-H., J.V., S. Sedej).,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Maribor, Slovenia (S. Sedej)
| | - Julie Bossuyt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA (S.L.-H., A.W.H., S.M., B.M.W., J.B., D.M.B.)
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA (S.L.-H., A.W.H., S.M., B.M.W., J.B., D.M.B.)
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Ca 2+ Release via IP 3 Receptors Shapes the Cardiac Ca 2+ Transient for Hypertrophic Signaling. Biophys J 2020; 119:1178-1192. [PMID: 32871099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) plays a central role in mediating both contractile function and hypertrophic signaling in ventricular cardiomyocytes. L-type Ca2+ channels trigger release of Ca2+ from ryanodine receptors for cellular contraction, whereas signaling downstream of G-protein-coupled receptors stimulates Ca2+ release via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), engaging hypertrophic signaling pathways. Modulation of the amplitude, duration, and duty cycle of the cytosolic Ca2+ contraction signal and spatial localization have all been proposed to encode this hypertrophic signal. Given current knowledge of IP3Rs, we develop a model describing the effect of functional interaction (cross talk) between ryanodine receptor and IP3R channels on the Ca2+ transient and examine the sensitivity of the Ca2+ transient shape to properties of IP3R activation. A key result of our study is that IP3R activation increases Ca2+ transient duration for a broad range of IP3R properties, but the effect of IP3R activation on Ca2+ transient amplitude is dependent on IP3 concentration. Furthermore we demonstrate that IP3-mediated Ca2+ release in the cytosol increases the duty cycle of the Ca2+ transient, the fraction of the cycle for which [Ca2+] is elevated, across a broad range of parameter values and IP3 concentrations. When coupled to a model of downstream transcription factor (NFAT) activation, we demonstrate that there is a high correspondence between the Ca2+ transient duty cycle and the proportion of activated NFAT in the nucleus. These findings suggest increased cytosolic Ca2+ duty cycle as a plausible mechanism for IP3-dependent hypertrophic signaling via Ca2+-sensitive transcription factors such as NFAT in ventricular cardiomyocytes.
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Wang Z, Zhao YT, Zhao TC. Histone deacetylases in modulating cardiac disease and their clinical translational and therapeutic implications. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 246:213-225. [PMID: 32727215 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220944128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in the epigenetic regulation of genetic transcription in response to stress or pathological conditions. HDACs interact with a complex co-regulatory network of transcriptional regulators, deacetylate histones or non-histone proteins, and modulate gene expression in the heart. The selective HDAC inhibitors have been considered to be a critical target for the treatment of cardiac disease, especially for ameliorating cardiac dysfunction. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge of the cellular and molecular basis of HDACs in mediating cardiac development and hypertrophy and related pharmacologic interventions in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengke Wang
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | - Yu Tina Zhao
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Departments of Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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40
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Morales Rodriguez B, Domínguez-Rodríguez A, Benitah JP, Lefebvre F, Marais T, Mougenot N, Beauverger P, Bonne G, Briand V, Gómez AM, Muchir A. Activation of sarcolipin expression and altered calcium cycling in LMNA cardiomyopathy. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 22:100767. [PMID: 32490213 PMCID: PMC7261707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy caused by A-type lamins gene (LMNA) mutations (LMNA cardiomyopathy) is associated with dysfunction of the heart, often leading to heart failure. LMNA cardiomyopathy is highly penetrant with bad prognosis with no specific therapy available. Searching for alternative ways to halt the progression of LMNA cardiomyopathy, we studied the role of calcium homeostasis in the evolution of this disease. We showed that sarcolipin, an inhibitor of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) was abnormally elevated in the ventricular cardiomyocytes of mutated mice compared with wild type mice, leading to an alteration of calcium handling. This occurs early in the progression of the disease, when the left ventricular function was not altered. We further demonstrated that down regulation of sarcolipin using adeno-associated virus (AAV) 9-mediated RNA interference delays cardiac dysfunction in mouse model of LMNA cardiomyopathy. These results showed a novel role for sarcolipin on calcium homeostasis in heart and open perspectives for future therapeutic interventions to LMNA cardiomyopathy. Sarcolipin, an inhibitor of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) was abnormally elevated in the cardiac muscle of a mouse model of cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA mutations. The elevation of sarcolipin expression leads to an alteration of calcium handling. Down regulation of sarcolipin using adeno-associated virus (AAV) 9-mediated RNA interference delays cardiac dysfunction in mouse model of cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Inserm, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1180, “Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology”, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Benitah
- Inserm, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1180, “Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology”, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Florence Lefebvre
- Inserm, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1180, “Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology”, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | - Nathalie Mougenot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMS28 Phénotypage du Petit animal, Paris, F-75013, France
| | | | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS974, Paris, France
| | | | - Ana-María Gómez
- Inserm, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1180, “Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology”, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Antoine Muchir
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS974, Paris, France
- Corresponding author.
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41
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Gilbert G, Demydenko K, Dries E, Puertas RD, Jin X, Sipido K, Roderick HL. Calcium Signaling in Cardiomyocyte Function. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035428. [PMID: 31308143 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rhythmic increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration underlie the contractile function of the heart. These heart muscle-wide changes in intracellular Ca2+ are induced and coordinated by electrical depolarization of the cardiomyocyte sarcolemma by the action potential. Originating at the sinoatrial node, conduction of this electrical signal throughout the heart ensures synchronization of individual myocytes into an effective cardiac pump. Ca2+ signaling pathways also regulate gene expression and cardiomyocyte growth during development and in pathology. These fundamental roles of Ca2+ in the heart are illustrated by the prevalence of altered Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, heart failure (an inability of the heart to support hemodynamic needs), rhythmic disturbances, and inappropriate cardiac growth all share an involvement of altered Ca2+ handling. The prevalence of these pathologies, contributing to a third of all deaths in the developed world as well as to substantial morbidity makes understanding the mechanisms of Ca2+ handling and dysregulation in cardiomyocytes of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Gilbert
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kateryna Demydenko
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eef Dries
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rosa Doñate Puertas
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xin Jin
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Sipido
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Llewelyn Roderick
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
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42
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Nassal D, Gratz D, Hund TJ. Challenges and Opportunities for Therapeutic Targeting of Calmodulin Kinase II in Heart. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:35. [PMID: 32116711 PMCID: PMC7012788 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure remains a major health burden around the world. Despite great progress in delineation of molecular mechanisms underlying development of disease, standard therapy has not advanced at the same pace. The multifunctional signaling molecule Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has received considerable attention over recent years for its central role in maladaptive remodeling and arrhythmias in the setting of chronic disease. However, these basic science discoveries have yet to translate into new therapies for human patients. This review addresses both the promise and barriers to developing translational therapies that target CaMKII signaling to abrogate pathologic remodeling in the setting of chronic disease. Efforts in small molecule design are discussed, as well as alternative targeting approaches that exploit novel avenues for compound delivery and/or genetic approaches to affect cardiac CaMKII signaling. These alternative strategies provide hope for overcoming some of the challenges that have limited the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Nassal
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Daniel Gratz
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Thomas J Hund
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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43
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Bers DM, Xiang YK, Zaccolo M. Whole-Cell cAMP and PKA Activity are Epiphenomena, Nanodomain Signaling Matters. Physiology (Bethesda) 2020; 34:240-249. [PMID: 31165682 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00002.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel targeted fluorescent biosensors provide key insights into very local nanodomains of cAMP and PKA activity, and how they respond differently to β-adrenergic activation in cardiac myocytes. This unique spatiotemporal detail in living cells is not available with biochemical measurements of total cellular cAMP and PKA, and provides unique physiological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom
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44
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Secondo A, Petrozziello T, Tedeschi V, Boscia F, Pannaccione A, Molinaro P, Annunziato L. Nuclear localization of NCX: Role in Ca 2+ handling and pathophysiological implications. Cell Calcium 2019; 86:102143. [PMID: 31865040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous lines of evidence indicate that nuclear calcium concentration ([Ca2+]n) may be controlled independently from cytosolic events by a local machinery. In particular, the perinuclear space between the inner nuclear membrane (INM) and the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) of the nuclear envelope (NE) likely serves as an intracellular store for Ca2+ ions. Since ONM is contiguous with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the perinuclear space is adjacent to the lumen of ER thus allowing a direct exchange of ions and factors between the two organelles. Moreover, INM and ONM are fused at the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which provides the only direct passageway between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. However, due to the presence of ion channels, exchangers and transporters, it has been generally accepted that nuclear ion fluxes may occur across ONM and INM. Within the INM, the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) isoform 1 seems to play an important role in handling Ca2+ through the different nuclear compartments. Particularly, nuclear NCX preferentially allows local Ca2+ flowing from nucleoplasm into NE lumen thanks to the Na+ gradient created by the juxtaposed Na+/K+-ATPase. Such transfer reduces abnormal elevation of [Ca2+]n within the nucleoplasm thus modulating specific transductional pathways and providing a protective mechanism against cell death. Despite very few studies on this issue, here we discuss those making major contribution to the field, also addressing the pathophysiological implication of nuclear NCX malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Secondo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Petrozziello
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Boscia
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Pannaccione
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Molinaro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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45
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Cardiac Pacemaker Cells Generate Cardiomyocytes from Fibroblasts in Long-Term Cultures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15174. [PMID: 31645588 PMCID: PMC6811548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Because cardiomyocyte generation is limited, the turnover of cardiomyocytes in adult heart tissues is much debated. We report here that cardiac pacemaker cells can generate cardiomyocytes from fibroblasts in vitro. Sinoatrial node cells (SANCs) were isolated from adult guinea pig hearts and were cultured at relatively low cell densities. Within a week, a number of fibroblast-like cells were observed to gather around SANCs, and these formed spontaneously beating clusters with cardiomyocyte structures. The clusters expressed genes and proteins that are characteristic of atrial cardiomyocytes. Pharmacological blocking of pacemaker currents inhibited generation of action potentials, and the spontaneous beating were ceased by physically destroying a few central cells. Inhibition of beating during culture also hampered the cluster formation. Moreover, purified guinea pig cardiac fibroblasts (GCFs) expressed cardiac-specific proteins in co-culture with SANCs or in SANC-preconditioned culture medium under electrical stimulation. These results indicate that SANCs can generate cardiomyocytes from cardiac fibroblasts through the influence of humoral factor(s) and electrophysiological activities followed by intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. This potential of SANCs to generate cardiomyocytes indicates a novel mechanism by which cardiomyocytes turns over in the vicinity of pacemaker cells and could be exploited in the development of strategies for cardiac regenerative therapy in adult hearts.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most prominent maladies in aging societies. Indeed, aging promotes the structural and functional declines of both the heart and the blood circulation system. In this review, we revise the contribution of known longevity pathways to cardiovascular health and delineate the possibilities to interfere with them. In particular, we evaluate autophagy, the intracellular catabolic recycling system associated with life- and health-span extension. We present genetic models, pharmacological interventions, and dietary strategies that block, reduce, or enhance autophagy upon age-related cardiovascular deterioration. Caloric restriction or caloric restriction mimetics like metformin, spermidine, and rapamycin (all of which trigger autophagy) are among the most promising cardioprotective interventions during aging. We conclude that autophagy is a fundamental process to ensure cardiac and vascular health during aging and outline its putative therapeutic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdellatif
- From the Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (M.A., S.S.)
| | - Simon Sedej
- From the Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (M.A., S.S.).,BioTechMed Graz, Austria (S.S., D.C.-G., F.M.)
| | - Didac Carmona-Gutierrez
- BioTechMed Graz, Austria (S.S., D.C.-G., F.M.).,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Austria (D.C.-G., F.M.)
| | - Frank Madeo
- BioTechMed Graz, Austria (S.S., D.C.-G., F.M.).,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Austria (D.C.-G., F.M.)
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France (G.K.).,Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France (G.K.).,INSERM, U1138, Paris, France (G.K.).,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (G.K.).,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (G.K.).,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.K.).,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K.)
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47
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. If unifying principles could be revealed for how the same genome encodes different eukaryotic cells and for how genetic variability and environmental input are integrated to impact cardiovascular health, grand challenges in basic cell biology and translational medicine may succumb to experimental dissection. A rich body of work in model systems has implicated chromatin-modifying enzymes, DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and other transcriptome-shaping factors in adult health and in the development, progression, and mitigation of cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, deployment of epigenomic tools, powered by next-generation sequencing technologies in cardiovascular models and human populations, has enabled description of epigenomic landscapes underpinning cellular function in the cardiovascular system. This essay aims to unpack the conceptual framework in which epigenomes are studied and to stimulate discussion on how principles of chromatin function may inform investigations of cardiovascular disease and the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rosa-Garrido
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Douglas J Chapski
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Thomas M Vondriska
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.
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Bagchi RA, Weeks KL. Histone deacetylases in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 130:151-159. [PMID: 30978343 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate gene transcription by catalyzing the removal of acetyl groups from key lysine residues in nucleosomal histones and via the recruitment of other epigenetic regulators to DNA promoter/enhancer regions. Over the past two decades, HDACs have been implicated in multiple processes pertinent to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, fibrosis, calcium handling, inflammation and energy metabolism. The development of small molecule HDAC inhibitors and genetically modified loss- and gain-of-function mouse models has allowed interrogation of the roles of specific HDAC isoforms in these processes. Isoform-selective HDAC inhibitors may prove to be powerful therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushita A Bagchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Structural and Mechanistic Bases of Nuclear Calcium Signaling in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Ventricular Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8765752. [PMID: 31065282 PMCID: PMC6466844 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8765752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of nonregenerative, terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes (CMs) due to aging or diseases is generally considered irreversible. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can self-renew while maintaining their pluripotency to differentiate into all cell types, including ventricular (V) cardiomyocytes (CMs), to provide a potential unlimited ex vivo source of CMs for heart disease modeling, drug/cardiotoxicity screening, and cell-based therapies. In the human heart, cytosolic Ca2+ signals are well characterized but the contribution of nuclear Ca2+ is essentially unexplored. The present study investigated nuclear Ca2+ signaling in hPSC-VCMs. Calcium transient or sparks in hPSC-VCMs were measured by line scanning using a spinning disc confocal microscope. We observed that nuclear Ca2+, which stems from unitary sparks due to the diffusion of cytosolic Ca2+ that are mediated by RyRs on the nuclear reticulum, is functional. Parvalbumin- (PV-) mediated Ca2+ buffering successfully manipulated Ca2+ transient and stimuli-induced apoptosis in hPSC-VCMs. We also investigated the effect of Ca2+ on gene transcription in hPSC-VCMs, and the involvement of nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) pathway was identified. The overexpression of Ca2+-sensitive, nuclear localized Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δB (CaMKIIδB) induced cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear Ca2+/CaMKIIδB/HDAC4/MEF2 pathway. These findings provide insights into nuclear Ca2+ signal in hPSC-VCMs, which may lead to novel strategies for maturation as well as improved systems for disease modeling, drug discovery, and cell-based therapies.
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Silencing of the Na+/H+ exchanger 1(NHE-1) prevents cardiac structural and functional remodeling induced by angiotensin II. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 107:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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