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Uher O, Hadrava Vanova K, Taïeb D, Calsina B, Robledo M, Clifton-Bligh R, Pacak K. The Immune Landscape of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Current Advances and Perspectives. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:521-552. [PMID: 38377172 PMCID: PMC11244254 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors derived from neural crest cells from adrenal medullary chromaffin tissues and extra-adrenal paraganglia, respectively. Although the current treatment for PPGLs is surgery, optimal treatment options for advanced and metastatic cases have been limited. Hence, understanding the role of the immune system in PPGL tumorigenesis can provide essential knowledge for the development of better therapeutic and tumor management strategies, especially for those with advanced and metastatic PPGLs. The first part of this review outlines the fundamental principles of the immune system and tumor microenvironment, and their role in cancer immunoediting, particularly emphasizing PPGLs. We focus on how the unique pathophysiology of PPGLs, such as their high molecular, biochemical, and imaging heterogeneity and production of several oncometabolites, creates a tumor-specific microenvironment and immunologically "cold" tumors. Thereafter, we discuss recently published studies related to the reclustering of PPGLs based on their immune signature. The second part of this review discusses future perspectives in PPGL management, including immunodiagnostic and promising immunotherapeutic approaches for converting "cold" tumors into immunologically active or "hot" tumors known for their better immunotherapy response and patient outcomes. Special emphasis is placed on potent immune-related imaging strategies and immune signatures that could be used for the reclassification, prognostication, and management of these tumors to improve patient care and prognosis. Furthermore, we introduce currently available immunotherapies and their possible combinations with other available therapies as an emerging treatment for PPGLs that targets hostile tumor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Uher
- Section of Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1109, USA
| | - Katerina Hadrava Vanova
- Section of Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1109, USA
| | - David Taïeb
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de La Timone, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Bruna Calsina
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Familiar Cancer Clinical Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Roderick Clifton-Bligh
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney 2065, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney 2065, NSW, Australia
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section of Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1109, USA
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Miraki Feriz A, Khosrojerdi A, Erfanian N, Azarkar S, Sajjadi SM, Shojaei MJ, Vaferi MJ, Safarpour H, Racanelli V. Targeting the dynamic transcriptional landscape of Treg subpopulations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Insights from single-cell RNA sequencing analysis with a focus on CTLA4 and TIGIT. Immunobiology 2024; 229:152822. [PMID: 38852289 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2024.152822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy that represents a significant challenge in cancer research and clinical management. In this study, we reanalyzed a published single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset from PDAC and adjacent tissues to investigate the heterogeneity of tumor and normal tissue, specifically focusing on the regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their interactions with other cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Treg cells were identified and clustered into natural Tregs (nTreg) and induced Tregs (iTreg) based on the expression of specific genes. It was found that the number of iTregs was higher in the tumor than in healthy tissues, while the number of n Tregs was higher in healthy tissues. Differential gene expression analysis was performed, and biological process analysis revealed that the Tregs in PDAC were mostly involved in protein targeting and translation pathways. In addition, ligand-receptor pairs between Tregs and other cell types were identified, and the critical communication pathways between Tregs and endothelial and ductal cells were revealed, which could potentially contribute to the immunosuppressive TME of PDAC. These findings provide insights into the role of Tregs in PDAC and their interactions with other cell types in the TME, highlighting potential targets for immunotherapy, such as the inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors CTLA4 and TIGIT, which are known to be expressed on Tregs and have been shown to play a role in suppressing anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adib Miraki Feriz
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Nafiseh Erfanian
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | - Setareh Azarkar
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Javad Vaferi
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Vito Racanelli
- Centre for Medical Sciences (CISMed), University of Trento and Internal Medicine Division, Santa Chiara Hospital, Provincial Health Care Agency (APSS), 38122, Trento, Italy.
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Wang X, Yan B, Li H, Yuan J, Guo J, Wang S, Dai P, Liu X. Reprogrammed IDO-Induced Immunosuppressive Microenvironment Synergizes with Immunogenic Magnetothermodynamics for Improved Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30671-30684. [PMID: 38843203 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), plays a pivotal role in creating an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Inhibiting IDO activity has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy; however, the delivery of IDO inhibitors to the tumor site is constrained, limiting their therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we developed a magnetic vortex nanodelivery system for the targeted delivery of the IDO inhibitor NLG919, integrated with magnetic hyperthermia therapy to reverse the immune-suppressive microenvironment of liver cancer and inhibit tumor growth. This system comprises thermoresponsive polyethylenimine-coated ferrimagnetic vortex-domain iron oxide nanorings (PI-FVIOs) loaded with NLG919 (NLG919/PI-FVIOs). Under thermal effects, NLG919 can be precisely released from the delivery system, counteracting IDO-mediated immune suppression and synergizing with NLG919/PI-FVIOs-mediated magnetothermodynamic (MTD) therapy-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD), resulting in effective HCC suppression. In vivo studies demonstrate that this combination therapy significantly inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by enhancing the accumulation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and suppressing regulatory T cells within the tumor. Overall, our findings reveal that NLG919/PI-FVIOs can induce a potent antitumor immune response by disrupting the IDO pathway and activating the ICD, offering a promising therapeutic avenue for HCC treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Animals
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Mice
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Hyperthermia, Induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Imidazoles
- Isoindoles
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wang
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Shaanxi Lifegen Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Bin Yan
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine; Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Hugang Li
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jianlan Yuan
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Siyao Wang
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Penggao Dai
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Shaanxi Lifegen Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine; Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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Gerlini G, Susini P, Sestini S, Brandani P, Giannotti V, Borgognoni L. Langerhans Cells in Sentinel Lymph Nodes from Melanoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1890. [PMID: 38791968 PMCID: PMC11119378 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Langerhans cells (LCs) are professional Dendritic Cells (DCs) involved in immunoregulatory functions. At the skin level, LCs are immature. In response to tissue injuries, they migrate to regional Lymph Nodes (LNs), reaching a full maturation state. Then, they become effective antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that induce anti-cancer responses. Notably, melanoma patients present several DC alterations in the Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN), where primary antitumoral immunity is generated. LCs are the most represented DCs subset in melanoma SLNs and are expected to play a key role in the anti-melanoma response. With this paper, we aim to review the current knowledge and future perspectives regarding LCs and melanoma. METHODS A systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA statement using the PubMed (MEDLINE) library from January 2004 to January 2024, searching for original studies discussing LC in melanoma. RESULTS The final synthesis included 15 articles. Several papers revealed significant LCs-melanoma interactions. CONCLUSIONS Melanoma immune escape mechanisms include SLN LC alterations, favoring LN metastasis arrival/homing and melanoma proliferation. The SLN LCs of melanoma patients are defective but not irreversibly, and their function may be restored by appropriate stimuli. Thus, LCs represent a promising target for future immunotherapeutic strategies and cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Gerlini
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, 50012 Florence, Italy; (S.S.); (P.B.); (V.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Pietro Susini
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Serena Sestini
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, 50012 Florence, Italy; (S.S.); (P.B.); (V.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Paola Brandani
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, 50012 Florence, Italy; (S.S.); (P.B.); (V.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Vanni Giannotti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, 50012 Florence, Italy; (S.S.); (P.B.); (V.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Borgognoni
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, 50012 Florence, Italy; (S.S.); (P.B.); (V.G.); (L.B.)
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5
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Plebanek MP, Xue Y, Nguyen YV, DeVito NC, Wang X, Holtzhausen A, Beasley GM, Theivanthiran B, Hanks BA. A lactate-SREBP2 signaling axis drives tolerogenic dendritic cell maturation and promotes cancer progression. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi4191. [PMID: 38728412 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi4191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (DCs) are essential mediators of antitumor immunity. As a result, cancers have developed poorly understood mechanisms to render DCs dysfunctional within the tumor microenvironment (TME). After identification of CD63 as a specific surface marker, we demonstrate that mature regulatory DCs (mregDCs) migrate to tumor-draining lymph node tissues and suppress DC antigen cross-presentation in trans while promoting T helper 2 and regulatory T cell differentiation. Transcriptional and metabolic studies showed that mregDC functionality is dependent on the mevalonate biosynthetic pathway and its master transcription factor, SREBP2. We found that melanoma-derived lactate activates SREBP2 in tumor DCs and drives conventional DC transformation into mregDCs via homeostatic or tolerogenic maturation. DC-specific genetic silencing and pharmacologic inhibition of SREBP2 promoted antitumor CD8+ T cell activation and suppressed melanoma progression. CD63+ mregDCs were found to reside within the lymph nodes of several preclinical tumor models and in the sentinel lymph nodes of patients with melanoma. Collectively, this work suggests that a tumor lactate-stimulated SREBP2-dependent program promotes CD63+ mregDC development and function while serving as a promising therapeutic target for overcoming immune tolerance in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Plebanek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yue Xue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Y-Van Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nicholas C DeVito
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Alisha Holtzhausen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Georgia M Beasley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Balamayooran Theivanthiran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Brent A Hanks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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6
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Kurawaki S, Nakashima A, Ishiuchi N, Kanai R, Maeda S, Sasaki K, Masaki T. Mesenchymal stem cells pretreated with interferon-gamma attenuate renal fibrosis by enhancing regulatory T cell induction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10251. [PMID: 38704512 PMCID: PMC11069572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects by secreting various humoral factors. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) can enhance these effects of MSCs, and enhancement of regulatory T (Treg) cell induction is thought to be an underlying mechanism. However, the extent to which Treg cell induction by MSCs pretreated with IFN-γ (IFN-γ MSCs) ameliorates renal fibrosis remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of Treg cell induction by IFN-γ MSCs on renal inflammation and fibrosis using an siRNA knockdown system. Administration of IFN-γ MSCs induced Treg cells and inhibited infiltration of inflammatory cells in ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) rats more drastically than control MSCs without IFN-γ pretreatment. In addition, administration of IFN-γ MSCs more significantly attenuated renal fibrosis compared with control MSCs. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression levels in conditioned medium from MSCs were enhanced by IFN-γ pretreatment. Moreover, IDO1 knockdown in IFN-γ MSCs reduced their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in IRI rats by reducing Treg cell induction. Our findings suggest that the increase of Treg cells induced by enhanced secretion of IDO by IFN-γ MSCs played a pivotal role in their anti-fibrotic effects. Administration of IFN-γ MSCs may potentially be a useful therapy to prevent renal fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Kurawaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Naoki Ishiuchi
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Ryo Kanai
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
- TWOCELLS Company, Limited, 16-35 Hijiyama-honmachi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732-0816, Japan
| | - Kensuke Sasaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takao Masaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
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Yang JK, Kwon H, Kim S. Recent advances in light-triggered cancer immunotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2650-2669. [PMID: 38353138 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02842a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Light-triggered phototherapies, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), have shown strong therapeutic efficacy with minimal invasiveness and systemic toxicity, offering opportunities for tumor-specific therapies. Phototherapies not only induce direct tumor cell killing, but also trigger anti-tumor immune responses by releasing various immune-stimulating factors. In recent years, conventional phototherapies have been combined with cancer immunotherapy as synergistic therapeutic modalities to eradicate cancer by exploiting the innate and adaptive immunity. These combined photoimmunotherapies have demonstrated excellent therapeutic efficacy in preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis compared to phototherapy alone. This review covers recent advancements in combined photoimmunotherapy, including photoimmunotherapy (PIT), PDT-combined immunotherapy, and PTT-combined immunotherapy, along with their underlying anti-tumor immune response mechanisms. In addition, the challenges and future research directions for light-triggered cancer immunotherapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyoung Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hayoon Kwon
- Chemical & Biological integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Chemical & Biological integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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8
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Basak SJ, Dash J. Total Synthesis of Racemic Benzomalvin E, a Quinazolinone Isolated from Pencilium sp. FN070315 and Exploration to the Direct Synthesis of ( E)-Benzomalvin B. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3612-3617. [PMID: 38349752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
We present the first total synthesis of (±) benzomalvin E, featuring a quinazolino moiety with a 6-6-6-7-fused tetracyclic skeleton containing three nitrogen atoms. The key transformation involves Cu-catalyzed intramolecular C-N arylation of quinazolinone, leading to a sclerotigenin analogue that undergoes nucleophilic addition with benzaldehyde, enabling the synthesis of (±) benzomalvin E in six linear steps with a 33% overall yield. The (±) benzomalvin E's structure was validated by 2-D NMR and single crystal XRD analysis and was further transformed into (E)-benzomalvin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Jyoti Basak
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
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9
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Katsikis PD, Ishii KJ, Schliehe C. Challenges in developing personalized neoantigen cancer vaccines. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:213-227. [PMID: 37783860 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The recent success of cancer immunotherapies has highlighted the benefit of harnessing the immune system for cancer treatment. Vaccines have a long history of promoting immunity to pathogens and, consequently, vaccines targeting cancer neoantigens have been championed as a tool to direct and amplify immune responses against tumours while sparing healthy tissue. In recent years, extensive preclinical research and more than one hundred clinical trials have tested different strategies of neoantigen discovery and vaccine formulations. However, despite the enthusiasm for neoantigen vaccines, proof of unequivocal efficacy has remained beyond reach for the majority of clinical trials. In this Review, we focus on the key obstacles pertaining to vaccine design and tumour environment that remain to be overcome in order to unleash the true potential of neoantigen vaccines in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Center (vDesC), The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher Schliehe
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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10
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Da J, Di X, Xie Y, Li J, Zhang L, Liu Y. Recent advances in nanomedicine for metabolism-targeted cancer therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2442-2461. [PMID: 38321983 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05858a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Metabolism denotes the sum of biochemical reactions that maintain cellular function. Different from most normal differentiated cells, cancer cells adopt altered metabolic pathways to support malignant properties. Typically, almost all cancer cells need a large number of proteins, lipids, nucleotides, and energy in the form of ATP to support rapid division. Therefore, targeting tumour metabolism has been suggested as a generic and effective therapy strategy. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanomedicine promises to have a revolutionary impact on clinical cancer therapy due to many merits such as targeting, improved bioavailability, controllable drug release, and potentially personalized treatment compared to conventional drugs. This review comprehensively elucidates recent advances of nanomedicine in targeting important metabolites such as glucose, glutamine, lactate, cholesterol, and nucleotide for effective cancer therapy. Furthermore, the challenges and future development in this area are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Da
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - XinJia Di
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - YuQi Xie
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - JiLi Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - LiLi Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - YanLan Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
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Shirley CA, Chhabra G, Amiri D, Chang H, Ahmad N. Immune escape and metastasis mechanisms in melanoma: breaking down the dichotomy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1336023. [PMID: 38426087 PMCID: PMC10902921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most lethal neoplasms of the skin. Despite the revolutionary introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, metastatic spread, and recurrence remain critical problems in resistant cases. Melanoma employs a multitude of mechanisms to subvert the immune system and successfully metastasize to distant organs. Concerningly, recent research also shows that tumor cells can disseminate early during melanoma progression and enter dormant states, eventually leading to metastases at a future time. Immune escape and metastasis have previously been viewed as separate phenomena; however, accumulating evidence is breaking down this dichotomy. Recent research into the progressive mechanisms of melanoma provides evidence that dedifferentiation similar to classical epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), genes involved in neural crest stem cell maintenance, and hypoxia/acidosis, are important factors simultaneously involved in immune escape and metastasis. The likeness between EMT and early dissemination, and differences, also become apparent in these contexts. Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms behind "dual drivers" simultaneously promoting metastatically inclined and immunosuppressive environments can yield novel strategies effective in disabling multiple facets of melanoma progression. Furthermore, understanding progression through these drivers may provide insight towards novel treatments capable of preventing recurrence arising from dormant dissemination or improving immunotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Shirley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Deeba Amiri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
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12
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Huynh JC, Cho M, Monjazeb A, Al-Obeidi E, Singh A, Tam K, Lara F, Martinez A, Garcia L, Kim EJ. Phase I/II trial of BMS-986,205 and nivolumab as first line therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2024; 42:35-43. [PMID: 38038862 PMCID: PMC10891185 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01416-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) helps orchestrate immune suppression and checkpoint inhibitor resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). BMS-986,205 is a novel oral drug that potently and selectively inhibits IDO. This Phase I/II study evaluated the safety and tolerability of BMS-986,205 in combination with nivolumab as first-line therapy in advanced HCC. METHODS Adults with untreated, unresectable/metastatic HCC received BMS-986,205 at two dose levels (50-100 mg orally daily) in combination with fixed dose nivolumab (240mg/m2 IV on Day 1 of each 14-day cycle). The primary objective was to determine the safety and tolerability of this combination; secondary objectives were to obtain preliminary efficacy. RESULTS Eight patients received a total of 91 treatment cycles in the dose escalation phase. All patients were Child Pugh A and 6 patients had underlying viral hepatitis. In the 6 evaluable patients, no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) elevation (3 patients) and diarrhea, maculopapular rash and increased alkaline phosphatase (2 patients each). Grade 3 events were diarrhea and AST elevation (1 patient), and hyperglycemia and pancreatitis requiring treatment discontinuation (1 patient). No grade 4-5 events occurred. Partial response was observed in 1 patient (12.5%) and stable disease in 3 patients (37.5%), yielding a disease control rate of 50%. Median PFS was 8.5 weeks; median OS was not reached. CONCLUSION Combination BMS-986,205 and nivolumab showed a manageable safety profile with durable benefit as first-line therapy in a meaningful subset of advanced HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine C Huynh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - May Cho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Irvine Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Arta Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Ebaa Al-Obeidi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Amisha Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Kit Tam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Frances Lara
- Office of Clinical Research, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Anthony Martinez
- Office of Clinical Research, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Leslie Garcia
- Office of Clinical Research, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Edward J Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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13
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Shi Y, Yu M, Qiu K, Kong T, Guo C, Zhang W, Chen D, Kong M. Immuno-modulation of tumor and tumor draining lymph nodes through enhanced immunogenic chemotherapy by nano-complexed hyaluronic acid/polyvinyl alcohol microneedle. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 325:121491. [PMID: 38008469 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Certain chemo-drugs could induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) activating T cell antitumor immunity while trigger indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) upregulation suppressing immune responses. Moreover, to achieve therapeutic efficacies on both primary tumors and tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) in the meantime is still a big challenge. In this study, transfersomes functionalized with a tumor targeting, cell penetrating peptide tLyp1 (CGNKRTR) was developed to co-encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX, ICD inducer) and 1MT (IDO inhibitor). The functionalized transfersomes were complexed with microneedles (MNs) to realize co-delivery towards primary tumors and TDLNs via transdermal administration. The transfersomes were concentrated in the needles of MNs and released with needle dissolution after insertion into skin. After being internalized by cells, DOX induced tumor ICD effect to promote DCs maturation and dramatically activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+ T), while 1MT inhibited IDO activity in DCs and reduced the immunosuppressive Tregs, thus mitigating tumor suppressive microenvironment. The nano-complexed microneedles exhibited 2.2-fold suppression in tumor growth compared with the I.V. group, which significantly enhanced anti-tumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Miao Yu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kaijin Qiu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chunjing Guo
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Daquan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Ming Kong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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14
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Zhang K, Liu X, Luo P, Li Z, Zhao H, Li D, Liu Z, Zhang B, Shen C. Upregulation of IDO gene expression reduces the immunogenicity of epidermal cells and strengthens the immune protection of epidermal cells during transplantation treatment of wounds. Transpl Immunol 2024; 82:101987. [PMID: 38218230 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2024.101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal cell transplantation is a feasible treatment option for large wounds; however, sources of autologous epidermal cells are often limited. Allogeneic epidermal cells can be cultured conveniently; however, related immune rejection needs to be addressed. Herein, we hypothesized that the immunogenicity of epidermal cells with high indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression may be reduced by gene transfection. METHODS/RESULTS To test this hypothesis, we obtained stable transfectants by transfecting epidermal stem cells with a lentiviral vector encoding the IDO gene and screening them for puromycin resistance (a marker for successful transfection). The phenotype tested using cell counting kit -8 and Transwell assays confirmed that IDO-transfected epidermal cells maintained their characteristics. Co-culture of IDO-transfected epidermal cells with allogeneic CD4+ T cells in vitro showed that the upregulation of IDO expression in epidermal cells inhibited the proliferation of CD4+ T cells (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively) and promoted their apoptosis (P = 0.00028, P = 0.0006, and P = 0.00247, respectively) and transformation into functional regulatory T cells (Tregs) (P = 0.0051, P = 0.0132, and P = 0.0248, respectively) compared with Con, NC, and 1-MT groups. The increased proportion of Tregs may be related to the overexpression of IDO, which promoted the expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (P = 0.0001, P = 0.0013, and, P = 0.0009) and interleukin (IL) 10 (IL-10) (P = 0.0062, P = 0.0058, and P = 0.0119) while inhibited the expression of IL-2 (P = 0.0012, P = 0.0126, and P = 0.0066). We further verified these effects in vivo as transplanted IDO-transfected epidermal stem cells were effective in treating wounds in mice. On days 5 and 7, wounds treated with IDO cells healed faster than those in the other groups (day 5: P = 0.012 and P = 0.0136; day 7: P = 0.0242 and P = 0.0187, respectively), whereas this effect was significantly inhibited by 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT) (day 5: P = 0.0303; day 7: P = 0.0105). Immunofluorescence staining detected IDO and CD4+ Foxp3+ Tregs in the transplanted wounds, which may promote Foxp3+ Tregs in the wound tissue (day 5: P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001; day 7: P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001), respectively) and decrease CD4+ T cells (day 5: P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001; day 7: P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the upregulation of IDO expression in epidermal stem cells can reduce their immunogenicity by promoting Tregs, thus inducing the immune protection of epidermal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Jinzhou Medical University, China; Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhu Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhisheng Li
- Jinzhou Medical University, China; Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqing Zhao
- Jinzhou Medical University, China; Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxing Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanan Shen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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15
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Lin J, Rao D, Zhang M, Gao Q. Metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment of liver cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:6. [PMID: 38297372 PMCID: PMC10832230 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver is essential for metabolic homeostasis. The onset of liver cancer is often accompanied by dysregulated liver function, leading to metabolic rearrangements. Overwhelming evidence has illustrated that dysregulated cellular metabolism can, in turn, promote anabolic growth and tumor propagation in a hostile microenvironment. In addition to supporting continuous tumor growth and survival, disrupted metabolic process also creates obstacles for the anticancer immune response and restrains durable clinical remission following immunotherapy. In this review, we elucidate the metabolic communication between liver cancer cells and their surrounding immune cells and discuss how metabolic reprogramming of liver cancer impacts the immune microenvironment and the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapy. We also describe the crucial role of the gut-liver axis in remodeling the metabolic crosstalk of immune surveillance and escape, highlighting novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lin
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongning Rao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mao Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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16
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Nicolini A, Rossi G, Ferrari P. Experimental and clinical evidence in favour of an effective immune stimulation in ER-positive, endocrine-dependent metastatic breast cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1225175. [PMID: 38332913 PMCID: PMC10850262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1225175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In ER+ breast cancer, usually seen as the low immunogenic type, the main mechanisms favouring the immune response or tumour growth and immune evasion in the tumour microenvironment (TME) have been examined. The principal implications of targeting the oestrogen-mediated pathways were also considered. Recent experimental findings point out that anti-oestrogens contribute to the reversion of the immunosuppressive TME. Moreover, some preliminary clinical data with the hormone-immunotherapy association in a metastatic setting support the notion that the reversion of immune suppression in TME is likely favoured by the G0-G1 state induced by anti-oestrogens. Following immune stimulation, the reverted immune suppression allows the boosting of the effector cells of the innate and adaptive immune response. This suggests that ER+ breast cancer is a molecular subtype where a successful active immune manipulation can be attained. If this is confirmed by a prospective multicentre trial, which is expected in light of the provided evidence, the proposed hormone immunotherapy can also be tested in the adjuvant setting. Furthermore, the different rationale suggests a synergistic activity of our proposed immunotherapy with the currently recommended regimen consisting of antioestrogens combined with cyclin kinase inhibitors. Overall, this lays the foundation for a shift in clinical practice within this most prevalent molecular subtype of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council and Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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17
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Zheng R, Wu X, Li S, Chen X, Yan D, He J. Mechanism Exploration on the Immunoregulation of Allogeneic Heart Transplantation Rejection in Rats With Exosome miRNA and Proteins From Overexpressed IDO1 BMSCs. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241245796. [PMID: 38629748 PMCID: PMC11025427 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241245796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoregulation and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) play pivotal roles in the rejection of allogeneic organ transplantation. This study aims to elucidate the immune-related functional mechanisms of exosomes (Exos) derived from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) overexpressing IDO1 in the context of allogeneic heart transplantation (HTx) rejection. A rat model of allogeneic HTx was established. Exos were extracted after transfection with oe-IDO1 and oe-NC from rat BMSCs. Exos were administered via the caudal vein for treatment. The survival of rats was analyzed, and reverse transcription qualitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were employed to detect the expression of related genes. Histopathological examination was conducted using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and flow cytometry was utilized to analyze T-cell apoptosis. Proteomics and RNA-seq analyses were performed on Exos. The data were subjected to functional enrichment analysis using the R language. A protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database, and miRWalk, TargetScan, and miRDB databases predicted the target genes, differentially expressed miRNAs, and transcription factors (TFs). Exos from BMSCs overexpressing IDO1 prolonged the survival time of rats undergoing allogeneic HTx. These Exos reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, mitigated myocardial damage, induced CD4 T-cell apoptosis, and alleviated transplantation rejection. The correlation between Exos from BMSCs overexpressing IDO1 and immune regulation was profound. Notably, 13 immune-related differential proteins (Anxa1, Anxa2, C3, Ctsb, Hp, Il1rap, Ntn1, Ptx3, Thbs1, Hspa1b, Vegfc, Dcn, and Ptpn11) and 10 significantly different miRNAs were identified. Finally, six key immune proteins related to IDO1 were identified through common enrichment pathways, including Thbs1, Dcn, Ptpn11, Hspa1b, Il1rap, and Vegfc. Thirteen TFs of IDO1-related key miRNAs were obtained, and a TF-miRNA-mRNA-proteins regulatory network was constructed. Exosome miRNA derived from BMSCs overexpressing IDO1 may influence T-cell activation and regulate HTx rejection by interacting with mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- Department of Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Si Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xinhao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of MICU, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jigang He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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18
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Usta SZ, Uchihashi T, Kodama S, Kurioka K, Inubushi T, Shimooka T, Sugauchi A, Seki S, Tanaka S. Current Status and Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Immunotherapy in Oral Malignant Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17282. [PMID: 38139110 PMCID: PMC10743423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibodies, have initiated a new era in the treatment of malignant melanoma. ICIs can be used in various settings, including first-line, adjuvant, and neo-adjuvant therapy. In the scope of this review, we examined clinical studies utilizing ICIs in the context of treating oral mucosal melanoma, a rare disease, albeit with an extremely poor prognosis, with a specific focus on unraveling the intricate web of resistance mechanisms. The absence of a comprehensive review focusing on ICIs in oral mucosal melanoma is notable. Therefore, this review seeks to address this deficiency by offering a novel and thorough analysis of the current status, potential resistance mechanisms, and future prospects of applying ICIs specifically to oral malignant melanoma. Clarifying and thoroughly understanding these mechanisms will facilitate the advancement of effective therapeutic approaches and enhance the prospects for patients suffering from oral mucosal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Zeynep Usta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.Z.U.); (S.K.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Toshihiro Uchihashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.Z.U.); (S.K.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Shingo Kodama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.Z.U.); (S.K.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Kyoko Kurioka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.Z.U.); (S.K.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Takuya Shimooka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.Z.U.); (S.K.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Akinari Sugauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.Z.U.); (S.K.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (S.T.)
- Unit of Dentistry, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soju Seki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.Z.U.); (S.K.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.Z.U.); (S.K.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (S.T.)
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19
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Hou Y, Li J, Ying S. Tryptophan Metabolism and Gut Microbiota: A Novel Regulatory Axis Integrating the Microbiome, Immunity, and Cancer. Metabolites 2023; 13:1166. [PMID: 37999261 PMCID: PMC10673612 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolism and gut microbiota form an integrated regulatory axis that impacts immunity, metabolism, and cancer. This review consolidated current knowledge on the bidirectional interactions between microbial tryptophan processing and the host. We focused on how the gut microbiome controls tryptophan breakdown via the indole, kynurenine, and serotonin pathways. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota induces disruptions in tryptophan catabolism which contribute to disorders like inflammatory conditions, neuropsychiatric diseases, metabolic syndromes, and cancer. These disruptions affect immune homeostasis, neurotransmission, and gut-brain communication. Elucidating the mechanisms of microbial tryptophan modulation could enable novel therapeutic approaches like psychobiotics and microbiome-targeted dietary interventions. Overall, further research on the microbiota-tryptophan axis has the potential to revolutionize personalized diagnostics and treatments for improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Hou
- Target Discovery Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China;
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Shuhuan Ying
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Shanghai Bocimed Pharmaceutical Research Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
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20
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Wang Z, Li W, Jiang Y, Tran TB, Cordova LE, Chung J, Kim M, Wondrak G, Erdrich J, Lu J. Sphingomyelin-derived nanovesicles for the delivery of the IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat enhance metastatic and post-surgical melanoma immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7235. [PMID: 37945606 PMCID: PMC10636136 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epacadostat (EPA), the most advanced IDO1 inhibitor, in combination with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor, has failed in a recent Phase III clinical trial for treating metastatic melanoma. Here we report an EPA nanovesicle therapeutic platform (Epacasome) based on chemically attaching EPA to sphingomyelin via an oxime-ester bond highly responsive to hydrolase cleavage. Via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, Epacasome displays higher cellular uptake and enhances IDO1 inhibition and T cell proliferation compared to free EPA. Epacasome shows improved pharmacokinetics and tumour accumulation with efficient intratumoural drug release and deep tumour penetration. Additionally, it outperforms free EPA for anticancer efficacy, potentiating PD-1 blockade with boosted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and reduced regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells responses in a B16-F10 melanoma model in female mice. By co-encapsulating immunogenic dacarbazine, Epacasome further enhances anti-tumor effects and immune responses through the upregulation of NKG2D-mediated CTLs and natural killer cells responses particularly when combined with the PD-1 inhibitor in the late-stage metastatic B16-F10-Luc2 model in female mice. Furthermore, this combination prevents tumour recurrence and prolongs mouse survival in a clinically relevant, post-surgical melanoma model in female mice. Epacasome demonstrates potential to synergize with PD-1 blockade for improved response to melanoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiren Wang
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Wenpan Li
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Yanhao Jiang
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Tuyen Ba Tran
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Leyla Estrella Cordova
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jinha Chung
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Minhyeok Kim
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Georg Wondrak
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- NCI-designated University of Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jennifer Erdrich
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jianqin Lu
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- NCI-designated University of Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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21
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Li XY, Zeng ZX, Cheng ZX, Wang YL, Yuan LJ, Zhai ZY, Gong W. Common pathogenic bacteria-induced reprogramming of the host proteinogenic amino acids metabolism. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1487-1499. [PMID: 37814028 PMCID: PMC10689525 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Apart from cancer, metabolic reprogramming is also prevalent in other diseases, such as bacterial infections. Bacterial infections can affect a variety of cells, tissues, organs, and bodies, leading to a series of clinical diseases. Common Pathogenic bacteria include Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella enterica, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and so on. Amino acids are important and essential nutrients in bacterial physiology and support not only their proliferation but also their evasion of host immune defenses. Many pathogenic bacteria or opportunistic pathogens infect the host and lead to significant changes in metabolites, especially the proteinogenic amino acids, to inhibit the host's immune mechanism to achieve its immune evasion and pathogenicity. Here, we review the regulation of host metabolism, while host cells are infected by some common pathogenic bacteria, and discuss how amino acids of metabolic reprogramming affect bacterial infections, revealing the potential adjunctive application of amino acids alongside antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yue Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zi-Xin Zeng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhi-Xing Cheng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Liang-Jun Yuan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhai
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 518101, China.
| | - Wei Gong
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 518101, China.
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22
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Lysandrou M, Stamou P, Kefala D, Pierides C, Kyriakou M, Savvopoulos N, Christofi P, Papadopoulou A, Yannaki E, Costeas P, Spyridonidis A. Hypomethylation-induced regulatory programs in T cells unveiled by transcriptomic analyses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235661. [PMID: 37828996 PMCID: PMC10565652 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential mediators of tolerance mitigating aberrant immune responses. While naturally occurring Treg (nTreg) development and function are directed by epigenetic events, induced Treg (iTreg) identity and mechanisms of action remain elusive. Mirroring the epigenetic circuits of nTregs, we and others have used hypomethylation agents (HAs) to ex vivo convert T cells into iTregs (HA-iTregs) and further showed that the suppressive properties of the HA-iTregs are predominantly confined in an emergent population, which de novo expresses the immunomodulatory molecule HLA-G, consequently providing a surface marker for isolation of the suppressive HA-iTreg compartment (G+ cells). We isolated the HA-induced G+ cells and their G- counterparts and employed high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses to uncover the G+-specific transcriptomic changes guiding T cells toward a regulatory trajectory upon their exposure to HA. We found a distinct transcriptional upregulation of G+ cells accompanied by enrichment of immune-response-related pathways. Although single-cell RNA-seq profiling revealed regulatory G+ cells to have molecular features akin to nTregs, when assessed in conjunction with the comparative transcriptomic analysis and profiling of secreted cytokines against the non-suppressive G- cells, FOXP3 and other T-helper signatures appear to play a minor role in their suppressive phenotype. We found an ectopic expression of IDO-1 and CCL17/22 in G+ cells, denoting that in vitro exposure of T cells to HA may well unlock myeloid suppressor genes. This report provides transcriptional data shaping the molecular identity of a highly purified and potent HA-iTreg population and hints toward ectopic myeloid-specific molecular mechanisms mediating HA-iTreg function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Memnon Lysandrou
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit and Institute of Cell Therapy, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Panagiota Stamou
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit and Institute of Cell Therapy, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Dionysia Kefala
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit and Institute of Cell Therapy, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Chryso Pierides
- The Center for the Study of Haematological and other Malignancies and Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Kyriakou
- The Center for the Study of Haematological and other Malignancies and Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nikolaos Savvopoulos
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit and Institute of Cell Therapy, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Panayiota Christofi
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit and Institute of Cell Therapy, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Anastasia Papadopoulou
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, “George Papanikolaou” Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Yannaki
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, “George Papanikolaou” Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paul Costeas
- The Center for the Study of Haematological and other Malignancies and Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alexandros Spyridonidis
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit and Institute of Cell Therapy, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
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23
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Gatti DM, Gauthier CM, Moeller BE, FitzPatrick RD, Kennedy MHE, Pluzhnikova V, Conway KME, Smazynski J, Chow RL, Reynolds LA. MHCII+CD80+ thymic eosinophils increase in abundance during neonatal development in mice and their accumulation is microbiota dependent. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:223-236. [PMID: 37227004 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are present in the thymus of mammals, yet their function at this site during homeostatic development is unknown. We used flow cytometry to determine the abundance and phenotype of eosinophils (here defined as SSchigh SiglecF+ CD11b+ CD45+ cells) in the thymus of mice during the neonatal period, the later postnatal period, and into adulthood. We show that both the total number of thymic eosinophils and their frequency among leukocytes increase over the first 2 wk of life and that their accumulation in the thymus is dependent on the presence of an intact bacterial microbiota. We report that thymic eosinophils express the interleukin-5 receptor (CD125), CD80, and IDO, and that subsets of thymic eosinophils express CD11c and major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII). We found that the frequency of MHCII-expressing thymic eosinophils increases over the first 2 wk of life, and that during this early-life period the highest frequency of MHCII-expressing thymic eosinophils is located in the inner medullary region. These data suggest a temporal and microbiota-dependent regulation of eosinophil abundance and functional capabilities in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique M Gatti
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Courtney M Gauthier
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Brandon E Moeller
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Rachael D FitzPatrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mia H E Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Victoria Pluzhnikova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Kate M E Conway
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Julian Smazynski
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia, V8R 6VSCanada
| | - Robert L Chow
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Lisa A Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
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24
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Lee KW, Yam JWP, Mao X. Dendritic Cell Vaccines: A Shift from Conventional Approach to New Generations. Cells 2023; 12:2147. [PMID: 37681880 PMCID: PMC10486560 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the emerging era of cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) and adoptive cell transfer therapies (ACTs) have gained significant attention. However, their therapeutic efficacies are limited due to the presence of cold type tumors, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and immune-related side effects. On the other hand, dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines have been suggested as a new cancer immunotherapy regimen that can address the limitations encountered by ICBs and ACTs. Despite the success of the first generation of DC-based vaccines, represented by the first FDA-approved DC-based therapeutic cancer vaccine Provenge, several challenges remain unsolved. Therefore, new DC vaccine strategies have been actively investigated. This review addresses the limitations of the currently most adopted classical DC vaccine and evaluates new generations of DC vaccines in detail, including biomaterial-based, immunogenic cell death-inducing, mRNA-pulsed, DC small extracellular vesicle (sEV)-based, and tumor sEV-based DC vaccines. These innovative DC vaccines are envisioned to provide a significant breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy landscape and are expected to be supported by further preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Won Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (K.-W.L.); (J.W.P.Y.)
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (K.-W.L.); (J.W.P.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
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25
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Xiao M, Zhong K, Guo L, Li W, Wang X, Qiu Z, Hang T. Preclinical PK investigation of a novel IDO1/TDO dual inhibitor-SHR9146 in mouse plasma and tissues by LC-MS/MS. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1191778. [PMID: 37564938 PMCID: PMC10410440 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1191778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the present study was to establish a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of SHR9146, a novel IDO1/TDO dual inhibitor, in mouse plasma and tissues, and to apply it to investigate the preclinical plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of SHR9146 in mice. Methods Samples were spiked with deuterated SHR9146-d4 as an internal standard and pretreated by protein-precipitation extraction with methanol. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Venusil ABS C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) by isocratic elution with 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer containing 0.1% formic acid solution and methanol as mobile phases. MS detection was conducted in positive electrospray ionization with multiple reaction monitoring at m/z 444.1/229.4 for SHR9146 and m/z 448.4/229.2 for the internal standard. Results The method showed good linearity in the calibration range from 0.05 to 50.0 μg/mL. Precisions (intra- and inter-run) were in the range from 0.5% to 5.1%, and accuracies (RE) were between -3.0% and 4.4% for all the concentration levels. SHR9146 was stable in all the tested bio-samples with recoveries >90%. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by non-compartmental analysis. SHR9146 has a half-life of 0.713 h when IV-injected, with CL 12 mL/min/kg and Vd 0.666 L/kg. After oral dosing from 20 to 80 mg/kg, Cmax (range from 8.751 to 12.893 μg/mL) and AUC0-t (range from 15.606 to 69.971 μg·h/mL) of SHR9146 showed dose proportionality. Other post-oral pharmacokinetic parameters in plasma were as follows (n=6): Tmax 0.79 ± 0.36 h, t1/2 1.586 ± 0.853 h, CL 19.8 ± 0.9 mL/min/kg, Vd 3.427± 1.617 L/kg, and absolute bioavailability of 54.2% ± 12.6% (range from 40.2% to 64.7%). In addition, SHR9146 was found to be absorbed rapidly and distributed widely and mainly in the stomach, adrenal gland, liver, and lung. Conclusion The method was simple, sensitive, accurate, and specific and was successfully applied for the preclinical pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study of SHR9146 in mice. The results showed that SHR9146 had dose-independent kinetics in mice via oral administration and was absorbed rapidly and distributed widely. The study provides a good basis for further drug development assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Research institute, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Kan Zhong
- Suzhou Haike Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Li Guo
- Research institute, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Research institute, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Research institute, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhenjun Qiu
- Research institute, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Taijun Hang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Calderon JJ, Prieto K, Lasso P, Fiorentino S, Barreto A. Modulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment by Natural Products. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:17. [PMID: 37410164 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
During carcinogenesis, the microenvironment plays a fundamental role in tumor progression and resistance. This tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by being highly immunosuppressive in most cases, which makes it an important target for the development of new therapies. One of the most important groups of cells that orchestrate immunosuppression in TME is myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which have multiple mechanisms to suppress the immune response mediated by T lymphocytes and thus protect the tumor. In this review, we will discuss the importance of modulating MDSCs as a therapeutic target and how the use of natural products, due to their multiple mechanisms of action, can be a key alternative for modulating these cells and thus improve response to therapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Jairo Calderon
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karol Prieto
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paola Lasso
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Susana Fiorentino
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alfonso Barreto
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Departamento de Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 # 43-82. Edificio 50 Laboratorio 101, Bogotá, Colombia.
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27
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Wu J, Meng F, Ran D, Song Y, Dang Y, Lai F, Yang L, Deng M, Song Y, Zhu J. The Metabolism and Immune Environment in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Metabolites 2023; 13:734. [PMID: 37367892 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells utilize different metabolic processes to maintain their growth and differentiation. Tumor cells have made some metabolic changes to protect themselves from malnutrition. These metabolic alterations affect the tumor microenvironment and macroenvironment. Developing drugs targeting these metabolic alterations could be a good direction. In this review, we briefly introduce metabolic changes/regulations of the tumor macroenvironment and microenvironment and summarize potential drugs targeting the metabolism in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fuqing Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Danyang Ran
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yalong Song
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yunkun Dang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fan Lai
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Longyan Yang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Mi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuqin Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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28
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Kelly CM, Qin LX, Whiting KA, Richards AL, Avutu V, Chan JE, Chi P, Dickson MA, Gounder MM, Keohan ML, Movva S, Nacev BA, Rosenbaum E, Adamson T, Singer S, Bartlett EK, Crago AM, Yoon SS, Hwang S, Erinjeri JP, Antonescu CR, Tap WD, D’Angelo SP. A Phase II Study of Epacadostat and Pembrolizumab in Patients with Advanced Sarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2043-2051. [PMID: 36971773 PMCID: PMC10752758 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epacadostat, an indole 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor, proposed to shift the tumor microenvironment toward an immune-stimulated state, showed early promise in melanoma but has not been studied in sarcoma. This study combined epacadostat with pembrolizumab, which has modest activity in select sarcoma subtypes. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase II study enrolled patients with advanced sarcoma into five cohorts including (i) undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS)/myxofibrosarcoma, (ii) liposarcoma (LPS), (iii) leiomyosarcoma (LMS), (iv) vascular sarcoma, including angiosarcoma and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE), and (v) other subtypes. Patients received epacadostat 100 mg twice daily plus pembrolizumab at 200 mg/dose every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was best objective response rate (ORR), defined as complete response (CR) and partial response (PR), at 24 weeks by RECIST v.1.1. RESULTS Thirty patients were enrolled [60% male; median age 54 years (range, 24-78)]. The best ORR at 24 weeks was 3.3% [PR, n = 1 (leiomyosarcoma); two-sided 95% CI, 0.1%-17.2%]. The median PFS was 7.6 weeks (two-sided 95% CI, 6.9-26.7). Treatment was well tolerated. Grade 3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 23% (n = 7) of patients. In paired pre- and post-treatment tumor samples, no association was found between treatment and PD-L1 or IDO1 tumor expression or IDO-pathway-related gene expression by RNA sequencing. No significant changes in serum tryptophan or kynurenine levels were observed after baseline. CONCLUSIONS Combination epacadostat and pembrolizumab was well tolerated and showed limited antitumor activity in sarcoma. Correlative analyses suggested that inadequate IDO1 inhibition was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara M. Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Li-Xuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Karissa A. Whiting
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Allison L. Richards
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Viswatej Avutu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Jason E. Chan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Ping Chi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Mark A. Dickson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Mrinal M. Gounder
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Mary Louise Keohan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Sujana Movva
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Benjamin A. Nacev
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Evan Rosenbaum
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Travis Adamson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Sam Singer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | | | - Aimee M. Crago
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Sam S. Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Sinchun Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | | | | | - William D. Tap
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Sandra P. D’Angelo
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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29
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Plebanek MP, Xue Y, Nguyen YV, DeVito NC, Wang X, Holtzhausen A, Beasley GM, Yarla N, Thievanthiran B, Hanks BA. A SREBF2-dependent gene program drives an immunotolerant dendritic cell population during cancer progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.26.538456. [PMID: 37162965 PMCID: PMC10168385 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.26.538456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (cDCs) are essential mediators of anti-tumor immunity. Cancers have developed mechanisms to render DCs dysfunctional within the tumor microenvironment. Utilizing CD63 as a unique surface marker, we demonstrate that mature regulatory DCs (mregDCs) suppress DC antigen cross-presentation while driving T H 2 and regulatory T cell differentiation within tumor-draining lymph node tissues. Transcriptional and metabolic studies show that mregDC functionality is dependent upon the mevalonate biosynthetic pathway and the master transcription factor, SREBP2. Melanoma-derived lactate activates DC SREBP2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and drives mregDC development from conventional DCs. DC-specific genetic silencing and pharmacologic inhibition of SREBP2 promotes anti-tumor CD8 + T cell activation and suppresses melanoma progression. CD63 + mregDCs reside within the sentinel lymph nodes of melanoma patients. Collectively, this work describes a tumor-driven SREBP2-dependent program that promotes CD63 + mregDC development and function while serving as a promising therapeutic target for overcoming immune tolerance in the TME. One Sentence Summary The metabolic transcription factor, SREBF2, regulates the development and tolerogenic function of the mregDC population within the tumor microenvironment.
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Li B, Chen H, Yang S, Chen F, Xu L, Li Y, Li M, Zhu C, Shao F, Zhang X, Deng C, Zeng L, He Y, Zhang C. Advances in immunology and immunotherapy for mesenchymal gastrointestinal cancers. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:71. [PMID: 37072770 PMCID: PMC10111719 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal gastrointestinal cancers are represented by the gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) which occur throughout the whole gastrointestinal tract, and affect human health and economy globally. Curative surgical resections and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the main managements for localized GISTs and recurrent/metastatic GISTs, respectively. Despite multi-lines of TKIs treatments prolonged the survival time of recurrent/metastatic GISTs by delaying the relapse and metastasis of the tumor, drug resistance developed quickly and inevitably, and became the huge obstacle for stopping disease progression. Immunotherapy, which is typically represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has achieved great success in several solid tumors by reactivating the host immune system, and been proposed as an alternative choice for GIST treatment. Substantial efforts have been devoted to the research of immunology and immunotherapy for GIST, and great achievements have been made. Generally, the intratumoral immune cell level and the immune-related gene expressions are influenced by metastasis status, anatomical locations, driver gene mutations of the tumor, and modulated by imatinib therapy. Systemic inflammatory biomarkers are regarded as prognostic indicators of GIST and closely associated with its clinicopathological features. The efficacy of immunotherapy strategies for GIST has been widely explored in pre-clinical cell and mouse models and clinical experiments in human, and some patients did benefit from ICIs. This review comprehensively summarizes the up-to-date advancements of immunology, immunotherapy and research models for GIST, and provides new insights and perspectives for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaohua Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau University Joint Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengming Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangyuan Shao
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chuxia Deng
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
| | - Leli Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yulong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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Markwalder JA, Balog AJ, Williams DK, Nara SJ, Reddy R, Roy S, Kanyaboina Y, Li X, Johnston K, Fan Y, Lewis H, Marsilio F, Yan C, Critton D, Newitt JA, Traeger SC, Wu DR, Jure-Kunkel MN, Jayaraman L, Lin TA, Sinz MW, Hunt JT, Seitz SP. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Biaryl Alkyl Ethers as Inhibitors of IDO1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 88:129280. [PMID: 37054759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Starting from the dialkylaniline indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor lead 3 (IDO1 HeLa IC50 = 7.0 nM), an iterative process of synthesis and screening led to cyclized analog 21 (IDO1 HeLa IC50 = 3.6 nM) which maintained the high potency of 3 while addressing issues of lipophilicity, cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition, hERG (human potassium ion channel Kv11.1) inhibition, Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) transactivation, and oxidative metabolic stability. An x-ray crystal structure of a biaryl alkyl ether 11 bound to IDO1 was obtained. Consistent with our earlier results, compound 11 was shown to bind to the apo form of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Markwalder
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States.
| | - Aaron J Balog
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - David K Williams
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States.
| | - Susheel J Nara
- Discovery Chemistry, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Ratnakar Reddy
- Discovery Chemistry, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Saumya Roy
- Former Bristol Myers Squibb Employee, USA
| | - Yadagiri Kanyaboina
- Discovery Chemistry, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Xin Li
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | | | - Yi Fan
- Former Bristol Myers Squibb Employee, USA
| | - Hal Lewis
- Former Bristol Myers Squibb Employee, USA
| | - Frank Marsilio
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Chunhong Yan
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - David Critton
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - John A Newitt
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Sarah C Traeger
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Dauh-Rurng Wu
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | | | | | - Tai-An Lin
- Former Bristol Myers Squibb Employee, USA
| | - Michael W Sinz
- Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
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Tang HT, Zhang YP, Zhao S, Song C. Common mechanisms involved in lung cancer and depression: The dominant role of interleukin-6-IDO pathway in the lung-brain axis. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Orecchini E, Belladonna ML, Pallotta MT, Volpi C, Zizi L, Panfili E, Gargaro M, Fallarino F, Rossini S, Suvieri C, Macchiarulo A, Bicciato S, Mondanelli G, Orabona C. The signaling function of IDO1 incites the malignant progression of mouse B16 melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2170095. [PMID: 36733497 PMCID: PMC9888476 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2170095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a leader tryptophan-degrading enzyme, represents a recognized immune checkpoint molecule. In neoplasia, IDO1 is often highly expressed in dendritic cells infiltrating the tumor and/or in tumor cells themselves, particularly in human melanoma. In dendritic cells, IDO1 does not merely metabolize tryptophan into kynurenine but, after phosphorylation of critical tyrosine residues in the non-catalytic small domain, it triggers a signaling pathway prolonging its immunoregulatory effects by a feed-forward mechanism. We here investigated whether the non-enzymatic function of IDO1 could also play a role in tumor cells by using B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells transfected with either the wild-type Ido1 gene (Ido1WT ) or a mutated variant lacking the catalytic, but not signaling activity (Ido1H350A ). As compared to the Ido1WT -transfected counterpart (B16WT), B16-F10 cells expressing Ido1H350A (B16H350A) were characterized by an in vitro accelerated growth mediated by increased Ras and Erk activities. Faster growth and malignant progression of B16H350A cells, also detectable in vivo, were found to be accompanied by a reduction in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and an increase in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Our data, therefore, suggest that the IDO1 signaling function can also occur in tumor cells and that alternative therapeutic approach strategies should be undertaken to effectively tackle this important immune checkpoint molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Orecchini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - ML Belladonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - MT Pallotta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Volpi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Zizi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Panfili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Gargaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - F Fallarino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Rossini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Suvieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - G Mondanelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Orabona
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy,CONTACT C Orabona Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Severi, Perugia06129, Italy
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The mutual relationship between the host immune system and radiotherapy: stimulating the action of immune cells by irradiation. Int J Clin Oncol 2023; 28:201-208. [PMID: 35556190 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of irradiation on tumor tissue and the host immune system are interrelated. The antitumor effect of irradiation is attenuated in the immunocompromised hosts. In addition, radiation alone positively and negatively influences the host immune system. The positive effects of radiation are summarized by the ability to help induce and enhance tumor-antigen-specific immune responses. The cancer-immunity cycle is a multistep framework that illustrates how the tumor-antigen-specific immune responses are induced and how the induced antigen-specific immune cells exert their functions in tumor tissues. Irradiation affects each step of this cancer-immunity cycle, primarily in a positive manner. In contrast, radiation also has negative effects on the immune system. The first is that irradiation has the possibility to kill irradiated effector immune cells. The second is that irradiation upregulates immunosuppressive molecules in the tumor microenvironment, whereas the third is that irradiation to the tumor condenses immunosuppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment. When used in conjunction with radiotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors can further leverage the positive effects of radiation on the immune system and compensate for the negative effects of irradiation, which supports the rationale for the combination of radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the preclinical evidence for the reciprocal effects of radiation exposure and the immune system, and up-front topics of the combination therapy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy.
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N6-methyladenosine in hematological malignancies: a concise review. Curr Opin Hematol 2023; 30:4-13. [PMID: 36165537 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematological malignancies are a kind of systemic cancers mostly related to abnormal differentiation of blood stem cells. Because of the poor prognosis, chemotherapy resistance and common recurrence, new mechanisms and treatment therapies are looking forward to be discovered. RECENT FINDINGS Over the years, epigenetic abnormalities have been known to act a key part in occurrence and development of hematological tumors. In the internal modifications on long noncoding eukaryotic mRNA, there is a common type called N6-methyladenosine that can change the expression of target genes and participate in the translation, degradation and splicing of mRNA. M6A is related to a wealth of cancers, such as HNRNPA2B1's elevation in multiple myeloma, METTLE3's elevation in acute myeloid leukemia and lung cancer. Immune cells, playing a significant role in hematological cancers, can also be regulated by m6A. SUMMARY In the review, we summarized the recent progress on hematological malignancies associating with m6A and immune cells, which may offer a new road for the treatment of them.
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Chen X, Yao J, Zhang MY, Li R, Liu X, Qu YQ. IDO1 Promotes the Progression of NSCLC by Regulating the Polarization of M2 Macrophages. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1713-1733. [PMID: 37187591 PMCID: PMC10178912 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s398908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is currently a problem in the clinic and in society. Tumor-related macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a vital role in the development of NSCLC. Patients and Methods Bioinformatics was used to analyze the role of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in NSCLC and the correlation of its expression with CD163 expression. The expression of CD163 and IDO1 was measured by immunohistochemistry, and their colocalization was assessed by immunofluorescence. M2 macrophage polarization was induced, and a coculture model of NSCLC cells and macrophages was established. Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that IDO1 promoted the metastasis and differentiation of NSCLC and inhibited DNA repair. Moreover, the expression of IDO1 was positively correlated with CD163 expression. We discovered that IDO1 expression was related to M2 macrophage differentiation. In vitro, we showed that increased IDO1 expression promoted the invasion, proliferation, and metastasis of NSCLC cells. Conclusion In conclusion, we determined that IDO1 can regulate the M2 polarization of TAMs and promote the progression of NSCLC, which provides partial theoretical evidence for the use of IDO1 inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Qing Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yi-Qing Qu, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan, 250012, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 531 8216 9335, Fax +86 531 8296 7544, Email
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Khanam A, Kottilil S. New Therapeutics for HCC: Does Tumor Immune Microenvironment Matter? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010437. [PMID: 36613878 PMCID: PMC9820509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of liver cancer is continuously rising where hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the most common form of liver cancer accounting for approximately 80-90% of the cases. HCC is strongly prejudiced by the tumor microenvironment and being an inflammation-associated condition, the contribution of various immune mechanisms is critical in its development, progression, and metastasis. The tumor immune microenvironment is initially inflammatory which is subsequently replenished by the immunosuppressive cells contributing to tumor immune escape. Regardless of substantial advancement in systemic therapy, HCC has poor prognosis and outcomes attributed to the drug resistance, recurrence, and its metastatic behavior. Therefore, currently, new immunotherapeutic strategies are extensively targeted in preclinical and clinical settings in order to elicit robust HCC-specific immune responses and appear to be quite effective, extending current treatment alternatives. Understanding the complex interplay between the tumor and the immune cells and its microenvironment will provide new insights into designing novel immunotherapeutics to overcome existing treatment hurdles. In this review, we have provided a recent update on immunological mechanisms associated with HCC and discussed potential advancement in immunotherapies for HCC treatment.
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Massalska M, Ciechomska M, Kuca-Warnawin E, Burakowski T, Kornatka A, Radzikowska A, Pawlak D, Muz B, Loniewska-Lwowska A, Palucha A, Maldyk P, Maslinski W. Effectiveness of Soluble CTLA-4-Fc in the Inhibition of Bone Marrow T-Cell Activation in Context of Indoleamine 2.3-Dioxygenase (IDO) and CD4 +Foxp3 + Treg Induction. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6813-6829. [PMID: 36578517 PMCID: PMC9792113 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s359775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with systemic inflammation finally resulting in damaged joints. One of the RA development models suggests bone marrow (BM) as a place of inflammation development further leading to disease progression. We aimed to investigate the potential of CTLA-4-Fc molecule in inducing tolerogenic milieu in BM measured as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression, CD4+Foxp3+ Treg induction, and T cell activation control. The expression of IDO-pathway genes was also examined in monocytes to estimate the tolerogenic potential in the periphery. Methods Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) were stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and CTLA-4-Fc. Next IDO expression, CD4+CD69+ and CD4+Foxp3+ percentage were estimated by PCR and FACS staining, respectively. Enzymatic activity of IDO was confirmed by HPLC in BM plasma and blood plasma. Genes expressed in IDO-pathway were analyzed by NGS in peripheral monocytes isolated from RA patients and healthy controls. Results We found that CTLA-4-Fc and IFN-γ stimulation results in IDO production by BMMC. CTLA-4-Fc induced tryptophan catabolism can inhibit mitogen-induced CD4+ T cells activation without influencing CD8+ cells, but did not control CD25 nor Foxp3 expression in BM cells. Significantly higher expression of selected IDO-pathway genes was detected on peripheral monocytes isolated from RA as compared to healthy controls. Conclusion This study sheds light on some immunosuppression aspects present or induced in BM. The potential of IDO-mediated pathways were confirmed in the periphery, what may represent the promising candidates for therapeutic strategies in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Massalska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland,Correspondence: Magdalena Massalska, Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, Spartanska 1, Warsaw, 02-637, Poland, Tel/Fax +48 22 670 94 94, Email
| | - Marzena Ciechomska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland
| | - Ewa Kuca-Warnawin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland
| | - Tomasz Burakowski
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland
| | - Anna Kornatka
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland
| | - Anna Radzikowska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, 15-222, Poland
| | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | | | | | - Pawel Maldyk
- Department of Rheumoorthopaedic Surgery, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland,Clinical Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology of Locomotor System, Enfant-Jesus Clinical Hospital, Warsaw, 02-005, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz Maslinski
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland
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Neagu M, Constantin C, Jugulete G, Cauni V, Dubrac S, Szöllősi AG, Zurac S. Langerhans Cells-Revising Their Role in Skin Pathologies. J Pers Med 2022; 12:2072. [PMID: 36556292 PMCID: PMC9782496 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) constitute a cellular immune network across the epidermis. Because they are located at the skin barrier, they are considered immune sentinels of the skin. These antigen-presenting cells are capable of migrating to skin draining lymph nodes to prime adaptive immune cells, namely T- and B-lymphocytes, which will ultimately lead to a broad range of immune responses. Moreover, LCs have been shown to possess important roles in the anti-cancer immune responses. Indeed, the literature nicely highlights the role of LCs in melanoma. In line with this, LCs have been found in melanoma tissues where they contribute to the local immune response. Moreover, the immunogenic properties of LCs render them attractive targets for designing vaccines to treat melanoma and autoimmune diseases. Overall, future studies will help to enlarge the portfolio of immune properties of LCs, and aid the prognosis and development of novel therapeutic approaches to treating skin pathologies, including cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 76201 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghita Jugulete
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Section IX—Pediatrics, “Prof. Dr. Matei Balş” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victor Cauni
- Department of Urology, Colentina University Hospital, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Kim DK, Synn CB, Yang SM, Kang S, Baek S, Oh SW, Lee GJ, Kang HW, Lee YS, Park JS, Kim JH, Byeon Y, Kim YS, Lee DJ, Kim HW, Park JD, Lee SS, Lee JY, Lee JB, Kim CG, Hong MH, Lim SM, Kim HR, Pyo KH, Cho BC. YH29407 with anti-PD-1 ameliorates anti-tumor effects via increased T cell functionality and antigen presenting machinery in the tumor microenvironment. Front Chem 2022; 10:998013. [PMID: 36545214 PMCID: PMC9761775 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.998013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Among cancer cells, indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase1 (IDO1) activity has been implicated in improving the proliferation and growth of cancer cells and suppressing immune cell activity. IDO1 is also responsible for the catabolism of tryptophan to kynurenine. Depletion of tryptophan and an increase in kynurenine exert important immunosuppressive functions by activating regulatory T cells and suppressing CD8+ T and natural killer (NK) cells. In this study, we compared the anti-tumor effects of YH29407, the best-in-class IDO1 inhibitor with improved pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, with first and second-generation IDO1 inhibitors (epacadostat and BMS-986205, respectively). YH29407 treatment alone and anti-PD-1 (aPD-1) combination treatment induced significant tumor suppression compared with competing drugs. In particular, combination treatment showed the best anti-tumor effects, with most tumors reduced and complete responses. Our observations suggest that improved anti-tumor effects were caused by an increase in T cell infiltration and activity after YH29407 treatment. Notably, an immune depletion assay confirmed that YH29407 is closely related to CD8+ T cells. RNA-seq results showed that treatment with YH29407 increased the expression of genes involved in T cell function and antigen presentation in tumors expressing ZAP70, LCK, NFATC2, B2M, and MYD88 genes. Our results suggest that an IDO1 inhibitor, YH29407, has enhanced PK/PD compared to previous IDO1 inhibitors by causing a change in the population of CD8+ T cells including infiltrating T cells into the tumor. Ultimately, YH29407 overcame the limitations of the competing drugs and displayed potential as an immunotherapy strategy in combination with aPD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kwon Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chun-Bong Synn
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Min Yang
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongsan Kang
- JEUK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi, South Korea
| | - Sujeong Baek
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se-Woong Oh
- Yuhan R&D Institute, Yuhan Corporation, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Lee
- Yuhan R&D Institute, Yuhan Corporation, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho-Woong Kang
- Yuhan R&D Institute, Yuhan Corporation, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Sung Lee
- Yuhan R&D Institute, Yuhan Corporation, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Suk Park
- Yuhan R&D Institute, Yuhan Corporation, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngseon Byeon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Seob Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doo Jae Lee
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, South Korea
| | - June Dong Park
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, South Korea,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Sook Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jii Bum Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Gon Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Hee Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Min Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hey Ryun Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,Yonsei New Il Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Byoung Chul Cho, ; Kyoung-Ho Pyo,
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,Yonsei New Il Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Byoung Chul Cho, ; Kyoung-Ho Pyo,
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Röhrig UF, Majjigapu SR, Vogel P, Reynaud A, Pojer F, Dilek N, Reichenbach P, Ascenção K, Irving M, Coukos G, Michielin O, Zoete V. Structure-based optimization of type III indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1773-1811. [PMID: 35758198 PMCID: PMC9246256 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2089665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The haem enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyses the rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism and plays an essential role in immunity, neuronal function, and ageing. Expression of IDO1 in cancer cells results in the suppression of an immune response, and therefore IDO1 inhibitors have been developed for use in anti-cancer immunotherapy. Here, we report an extension of our previously described highly efficient haem-binding 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole inhibitor series, the best compound having both enzymatic and cellular IC50 values of 34 nM. We provide enzymatic inhibition data for almost 100 new compounds and X-ray diffraction data for one compound in complex with IDO1. Structural and computational studies explain the dramatic drop in activity upon extension to pocket B, which has been observed in diverse haem-binding inhibitor scaffolds. Our data provides important insights for future IDO1 inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute F Röhrig
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Somi Reddy Majjigapu
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Vogel
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aline Reynaud
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Pojer
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nahzli Dilek
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Reichenbach
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Ascenção
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Michielin
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Ludwig Cancer Research-Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
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42
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Rana J, Muñoz MM, Biswas M. Oral tolerance to prevent anti-drug antibody formation in protein replacement therapies. Cell Immunol 2022; 382:104641. [PMID: 36402002 PMCID: PMC9730862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein based therapeutics have successfully improved the quality of life for patients of monogenic disorders like hemophilia, Pompe and Fabry disease. However, a significant proportion of patients develop immune responses towards intravenously infused therapeutic protein, which can complicate or neutralize treatment and compromise patient safety. Strategies aimed at circumventing immune responses following therapeutic protein infusion can greatly improve therapeutic efficacy. In recent years, antigen-based oral tolerance induction has shown promising results in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases, food allergies and can prevent anti-drug antibody formation to protein replacement therapies. Oral tolerance exploits regulatory mechanisms that are initiated in the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) to promote active suppression of orally ingested antigen. In this review, we outline general perceptions and current knowledge about the mechanisms of oral tolerance, including tissue specific sites of tolerance induction and the cells involved, with emphasis on antigen presenting cells and regulatory T cells. We define several factors, such as cytokines and metabolites that impact the stability and expansion potential of these immune modulatory cells. We highlight preclinical studies that have been performed to induce oral tolerance to therapeutic proteins or enzymes for single gene disorders, such as hemophilia or Pompe disease. These studies mainly utilize a transgenic plant-based system for oral delivery of antigen in conjugation with fusion protein technology that favors the prevention of antigen degradation in the stomach while enhancing uptake in the small intestine by antigen presenting cells and regulatory T cell induction, thereby promoting antigen specific systemic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rana
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maite Melero Muñoz
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Moanaro Biswas
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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43
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Targeted nanomedicines remodeling immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:4327-4347. [PMID: 36561994 PMCID: PMC9764075 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has significantly flourished and revolutionized the limited conventional tumor therapies, on account of its good safety and long-term memory ability. Discouragingly, low patient response rates and potential immune-related side effects make it rather challenging to literally bring immunotherapy from bench to bedside. However, it has become evident that, although the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in facilitating tumor progression and metastasis, it also provides various potential targets for remodeling the immunosuppressive TME, which can consequently bolster the effectiveness of antitumor response and tumor suppression. Additionally, the particular characteristics of TME, in turn, can be exploited as avenues for designing diverse precise targeting nanomedicines. In general, it is of urgent necessity to deliver nanomedicines for remodeling the immunosuppressive TME, thus improving the therapeutic outcomes and clinical translation prospects of immunotherapy. Herein, we will illustrate several formation mechanisms of immunosuppressive TME. More importantly, a variety of strategies concerning remodeling immunosuppressive TME and strengthening patients' immune systems, will be reviewed. Ultimately, we will discuss the existing obstacles and future perspectives in the development of antitumor immunotherapy. Hopefully, the thriving bloom of immunotherapy will bring vibrancy to further exploration of comprehensive cancer treatment.
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44
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Zalpoor H, Aziziyan F, Liaghat M, Bakhtiyari M, Akbari A, Nabi-Afjadi M, Forghaniesfidvajani R, Rezaei N. The roles of metabolic profiles and intracellular signaling pathways of tumor microenvironment cells in angiogenesis of solid tumors. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:186. [PMID: 36419156 PMCID: PMC9684800 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune cells patrol and survey throughout the human body and sometimes reside in the tumor microenvironment (TME) with a variety of cell types and nutrients that may differ from those in which they developed. The metabolic pathways and metabolites of immune cells are rooted in cell physiology, and not only provide nutrients and energy for cell growth and survival but also influencing cell differentiation and effector functions. Nowadays, there is a growing awareness that metabolic processes occurring in cancer cells can affect immune cell function and lead to tumor immune evasion and angiogenesis. In order to safely treat cancer patients and prevent immune checkpoint blockade-induced toxicities and autoimmunity, we suggest using anti-angiogenic drugs solely or combined with Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) to boost the safety and effectiveness of cancer therapy. As a consequence, there is significant and escalating attention to discovering techniques that target metabolism as a new method of cancer therapy. In this review, a summary of immune-metabolic processes and their potential role in the stimulation of intracellular signaling in TME cells that lead to tumor angiogenesis, and therapeutic applications is provided. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Zalpoor
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aziziyan
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran ,grid.412266.50000 0001 1781 3962Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Liaghat
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran ,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun Branch, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Maryam Bakhtiyari
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran ,grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Abdullatif Akbari
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- grid.412266.50000 0001 1781 3962Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Forghaniesfidvajani
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Gharib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Low V, Li Z, Blenis J. Metabolite activation of tumorigenic signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabj4220. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abj4220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The role of metabolites exchanged in the tumor microenvironment is largely thought of as fuels to drive the increased biosynthetic and bioenergetic demands of growing tumors. However, this view is shifting as metabolites are increasingly shown to function as signaling molecules that directly regulate oncogenic pathways. Combined with our growing understanding of the essential role of stromal cells, this shift has led to increased interest in how the collective and interconnected metabolome of the tumor microenvironment can drive malignant transformation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, drug resistance, immune evasion, and metastasis. In this review, we discuss how metabolite exchange between tumors and various cell types in the tumor microenvironment—such as fibroblasts, adipocytes, and immune cells—can activate signaling pathways that drive cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Low
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Zhongchi Li
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - John Blenis
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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The Molecular and Cellular Strategies of Glioblastoma and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells Conferring Radioresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113577. [PMID: 36362359 PMCID: PMC9656305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) has been shown to play a crucial role in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM; grade IV) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, recent studies have indicated that radiotherapy can offer only palliation owing to the radioresistance of GBM and NSCLC. Therefore, delineating the major radioresistance mechanisms may provide novel therapeutic approaches to sensitize these diseases to IR and improve patient outcomes. This review provides insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying GBM and NSCLC radioresistance, where it sheds light on the role played by cancer stem cells (CSCs), as well as discusses comprehensively how the cellular dormancy/non-proliferating state and polyploidy impact on their survival and relapse post-IR exposure.
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Morante M, Pandiella A, Crespo P, Herrero A. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and RAS-ERK Pathway-Targeted Drugs as Combined Therapy for the Treatment of Melanoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1562. [PMID: 36358912 PMCID: PMC9687808 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a highly immunogenic tumor with very poor survival rates due to immune system escape-mechanisms. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) and the programmed death-1 (PD1) receptors, are being used to impede immune evasion. This immunotherapy entails an increment in the overall survival rates. However, melanoma cells respond with evasive molecular mechanisms. ERK cascade inhibitors are also used in metastatic melanoma treatment, with the RAF activity blockade being the main therapeutic approach for such purpose, and in combination with MEK inhibitors improves many parameters of clinical efficacy. Despite their efficacy in inhibiting ERK signaling, the rewiring of the melanoma cell-signaling results in disease relapse, constituting the reinstatement of ERK activation, which is a common cause of some resistance mechanisms. Recent studies revealed that the combination of RAS-ERK pathway inhibitors and ICI therapy present promising advantages for metastatic melanoma treatment. Here, we present a recompilation of the combined therapies clinically evaluated in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Morante
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)—Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)—Universidad de Salamanca and IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)—Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Herrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)—Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28009 Madrid, Spain
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Wang J, Shi F, Shan A. Transcriptome profile and clinical characterization of ICOS expression in gliomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:946967. [PMID: 36276141 PMCID: PMC9582985 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.946967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible co-stimulator (ICOS), an immune costimulatory molecule, has been found to play an essential role across various malignancies. This study investigated the transcriptome profile and clinical characterization of ICOS in gliomas. Clinical information and transcriptome data of 301 glioma samples were downloaded from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset for analysis (CGGA301 cohort). Furthermore, the results were validated in 697 samples with RNAseq data from the TCGA glioma dataset and 325 gliomas with RNAseq data from the CGGA325 dataset. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate ICOS protein expression across different WHO grades in a tissue microarray (TMA). In addition, single-cell sequencing data from CGGA and GSE 163108 datasets were used to analyze the ICOS expression across different cell types. Statistical analyses and figure production were performed with R-language. We found that ICOS was significantly upregulated in higher-grade, IDH wild type, and mesenchymal subtype of gliomas. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that ICOS was mainly involved in glioma-related immune response. Moreover, ICOS showed a robust correlation with other immune checkpoints, including the PD1/PD-L1/PD-L2 pathway, CTLA4, ICOSL (ICOS ligand), and IDO1. Subsequent Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) analysis revealed that GBM patients with higher ICOS expression seemed to be more sensitive to ICB therapy. Furthermore, based on seven clusters of metagenes, GSVA identified that ICOS was tightly associated with HCK, LCK, MHC-I, MHC-II, STAT1, and interferon, especially with LCK, suggesting a strong correlation between ICOS and T-cell activity in gliomas. In cell lineage analysis, Higher-ICOS gliomas tended to recruit dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages into the tumor microenvironment. Single-cell sequencing analysis indicated that ICOS was highly expressed by regulatory T cells (Tregs), especially in mature Tregs. Finally, patients with higher ICOS had shortened survival. ICOS was an independent prognosticator for glioma patients. In conclusion, higher ICOS is correlated with more malignancy of gliomas and is significantly associated with Treg activity among glioma-related immune responses. Moreover, ICOS could contribute as an independent prognostic factor for gliomas. Our study highlights the role of ICOS in glioma and may facilitate therapeutic strategies targeting ICOS for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- *Correspondence: Jin Wang, ; Fei Shi, ; Aijun Shan,
| | - Fei Shi
- *Correspondence: Jin Wang, ; Fei Shi, ; Aijun Shan,
| | - Aijun Shan
- *Correspondence: Jin Wang, ; Fei Shi, ; Aijun Shan,
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Zhang H, Li J, Zhou Q. Prognostic role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression in solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:954495. [PMID: 36212460 PMCID: PMC9538899 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.954495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAs an emerging immune checkpoint molecule, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an immunosuppressive rate-limiting enzyme in metabolism of tryptophan to kynurenine. The expression of IDO1 affected the prognosis of patients in cancers by regulating the kynurenine pathway, inhibiting the proliferation of T cells. However, the association between IDO1 and solid tumor prognosis was controversial. To further investigate the role of IDO1 expression in solid tumors, we conducted the systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to identify studies evaluating the prognostic value of IDO1 in solid tumors. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were extracted as the outcome. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using the fixed-effect/random-effect model, while heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity between studies were also analyzed.ResultsEighteen studies with 2,168 patients were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The results indicated that the high expression of IDO1 was associated with a shorter OS (n = 1926, HR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.22–2.11, P = 0.001) and DFS (n = 327, HR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.52–4.63, P = 0.001), while it was uncorrelated with PFS (n = 428, HR = 1.76, 95% CI: 0.99–3.14, P = 0.240). There was significant heterogeneity between studies on OS (I2 = 77.8%, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that age, gender, tumor type, follow-up period, and study quality were possible reasons for high heterogeneity. The result of the trim-and-fill method indicated that publication bias for OS had no impact on our results. Egger’s test suggested no publication bias for PFS (P = 0.553) and DFS (P = 0.273). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis indicated the result was stable.ConclusionHigh expression of IDO1 was associated with poor clinical outcomes, indicating that it could be a potential prognostic marker in various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Pharmaceutical Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Zhou,
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50
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Astragaloside IV Inhibits the Proliferation of Human Uterine Leiomyomas by Targeting IDO1. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184424. [PMID: 36139584 PMCID: PMC9496999 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy is increasingly becoming a success strategy for oncology treatment. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase1 (IDO1) is a tryptophan-degrading enzyme involved in immunological escape mechanisms, which is considered as a potential target for tumor therapy. However, the clinical efficacy of IDO1 inhibitors is not promising. Therefore, there is an urgent to investigate the mechanism between chemical drugs with antitumor effects and IDO1-mediated immunosuppression. The Chinese medicine AS-IV exerts antitumor effects with many advantages, including fewer toxic side effects and immunomodulatory effects. We noted the lack of studies of AS-IV on benign tumors. Therefore, our study demonstrates the Inhibitory effect of AS-IV on ULMs and elucidates the underlying mechanism. Abstract Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a chemical found in traditional Chinese medicine called Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge that has antitumor properties. However, the roles and mechanisms of AS-IV in uterine leiomyomas (ULMs) are unclear. The immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) is involved in tumor formation. IDO1 is a new and reliable prognostic indicator for several cancers. In this work, AS-IV was applied to ULM cells in various concentrations. CCK-8, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry were used to examine the proliferation and apoptosis of ULM cells caused by AS-IV. After lentiviral vector transduction with IDO1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA), the knockdown and overexpression of IDO1 were stable in ULM cells. To verify the antitumor effect of AS-IV in vivo, we established a rat model of uterine leiomyoma. HE staining, Masson staining, and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe pathological changes in the uterus, and the levels of serum sex hormones were measured by radio immune assay (RIA). The levels of CD3+T, CD4+T, and CD25+ Foxp3+Treg in rat peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to examine protein expression. We found that AS-IV dramatically increased the apoptotic rate of ULM cells and reduced viability in a time- and dosage-dependent manner. After sh-IDO1 lentiviral transfection, we discovered that knocking down IDO1 reversed the effects of AS-IV on ULM cell proliferation and autophagy. We also found that AS-IV can effectively inhibit the growth of ULMs in vivo. AS-IV may promote apoptosis and autophagy in ULMs by activating PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling through inhibition of IDO1. These findings imply that AS-IV exerts antifibroid effects, and the underlying mechanism may be IDO1, which is involved in proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy.
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