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Tutunea-Fatan E, Arumugarajah S, Suri RS, Edgar CR, Hon I, Dikeakos JD, Gunaratnam L. Sensing Dying Cells in Health and Disease: The Importance of Kidney Injury Molecule-1. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 35:795-808. [PMID: 38353655 PMCID: PMC11164124 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), also known as T-cell Ig and mucin domain-1 (TIM-1), is a widely recognized biomarker for AKI, but its biological function is less appreciated. KIM-1/TIM-1 belongs to the T-cell Ig and mucin domain family of conserved transmembrane proteins, which bear the characteristic six-cysteine Ig-like variable domain. The latter enables binding of KIM-1/TIM-1 to its natural ligand, phosphatidylserine, expressed on the surface of apoptotic cells and necrotic cells. KIM-1/TIM-1 is expressed in a variety of tissues and plays fundamental roles in regulating sterile inflammation and adaptive immune responses. In the kidney, KIM-1 is upregulated on injured renal proximal tubule cells, which transforms them into phagocytes for clearance of dying cells and helps to dampen sterile inflammation. TIM-1, expressed in T cells, B cells, and natural killer T cells, is essential for cell activation and immune regulatory functions in the host. Functional polymorphisms in the gene for KIM-1/TIM-1, HAVCR1 , have been associated with susceptibility to immunoinflammatory conditions and hepatitis A virus-induced liver failure, which is thought to be due to a differential ability of KIM-1/TIM-1 variants to bind phosphatidylserine. This review will summarize the role of KIM-1/TIM-1 in health and disease and its potential clinical applications as a biomarker and therapeutic target in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tutunea-Fatan
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shabitha Arumugarajah
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita S. Suri
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cassandra R. Edgar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ingrid Hon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jimmy D. Dikeakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lakshman Gunaratnam
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Cao J, Qing J, Zhu L, Chen Z. Role of TIM-1 in the development and treatment of tumours. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1307806. [PMID: 38831760 PMCID: PMC11144867 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1307806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin structural domain 1 (TIM-1, also known as hepatitis A virus cell receptor 1) is a co-stimulatory molecule that is expressed predominantly on the surface of T cells. TIM-1 promotes the activation and proliferation of T cells, cytokine secretion, and can also be overexpressed in various types of cancer. Upregulation of TIM-1 expression may be associated with the development and progression of cancer. After reviewing the literature, we propose that TIM-1 affects tumour development mainly through two pathways. In the Direct pathway: overexpression in tumours activates tumour-related signaling pathways, mediates the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, and directly affects tumour development directly. In the indirect pathway: In addition to changing the tumour microenvironment and influencing the growth of tumours, TIM-1 binds to ligands to encourage the activation, proliferation, and generation of cytokines by immune cells. This review examines how TIM-1 stimulates the development of tumours in direct and indirect ways, and how TIM-1 is exploited as a target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Cao
- Joint Inspection Center of Precision Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jilin Qing
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liya Zhu
- Graduate school, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhizhong Chen
- Joint Inspection Center of Precision Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Baert L, Mahmudul HM, Stegall M, Joo H, Oh S. B Cell-mediated Immune Regulation and the Quest for Transplantation Tolerance. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00669. [PMID: 38389135 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Pathophysiologic function of B cells in graft rejection has been well recognized in transplantation. B cells promote alloantigen-specific T-cell response and secrete antibodies that can cause antibody-mediated graft failures and rejections. Therefore, strategies targeting B cells, for example, B-cell depletion, have been used for the prevention of both acute and chronic rejections. Interestingly, however, recent mounting evidence indicates that subsets of B cells yet to be further identified can display potent immune regulatory functions, and they contribute to transplantation tolerance and operational tolerance in both experimental and clinical settings, respectively. In this review, we integrate currently available information on B-cell subsets, including T-cell Ig domain and mucin domain 1-positive transitional and T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain-positive memory B cells, displaying immune regulatory functions, with a focus on transplantation tolerance, by analyzing their mechanisms of action. In addition, we will discuss potential T-cell Ig domain and mucin domain 1-positive and T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain-positive B cell-based strategies for the enhancement of operational tolerance in transplantation patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Baert
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | | | - Mark Stegall
- Department of Surgery, William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - HyeMee Joo
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - SangKon Oh
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
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Brilland B, Boud'hors C, Wacrenier S, Blanchard S, Cayon J, Blanchet O, Piccoli GB, Henry N, Djema A, Coindre JP, Jeannin P, Delneste Y, Copin MC, Augusto JF. Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1): a potential biomarker of acute kidney injury and tubulointerstitial injury in patients with ANCA-glomerulonephritis. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:1521-1533. [PMID: 37664565 PMCID: PMC10468750 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by proximal tubular cells, recognized as an early, sensitive and specific urinary biomarker for kidney injury. Blood KIM-1 was recently associated with the severity of acute and chronic kidney damage but its value in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis with glomerulonephritis (ANCA-GN) has not been studied. Thus, we analyzed its expression at ANCA-GN diagnosis and its relationship with clinical presentation, kidney histopathology and early outcomes. Methods We assessed KIM-1 levels and other pro-inflammatory molecules (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and pentraxin 3) at ANCA-GN diagnosis and after 6 months in patients included in the Maine-Anjou registry, which gathers data patients from four French Nephrology Centers diagnosed since January 2000. Results Blood KIM-1 levels were assessed in 54 patients. Levels were elevated at diagnosis and decreased after induction remission therapy. KIM-1 was associated with the severity of renal injury at diagnosis and the need for kidney replacement therapy. In opposition to other pro-inflammatory molecules, KIM-1 correlated with the amount of acute tubular necrosis and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) on kidney biopsy, but not with interstitial infiltrate or with glomerular involvement. In multivariable analysis, elevated KIM-1 predicted initial estimated glomerular filtration rate (β = -19, 95% CI -31, -7.6, P = .002). Conclusion KIM-1 appears as a potential biomarker for acute kidney injury and for tubulointerstitial injury in ANCA-GN. Whether KIM-1 is only a surrogate marker or is a key immune player in ANCA-GN pathogenesis remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Brilland
- Service de Néphrologie-Dialyse-Transplantation, Université d'Angers, CHU Angers, Angers, France
- Univ. Angers, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Charlotte Boud'hors
- Service de Néphrologie-Dialyse-Transplantation, Université d'Angers, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Samuel Wacrenier
- Service de Néphrologie-Dialyse-Transplantation, Université d'Angers, CHU Angers, Angers, France
- Service de Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Le Mans, France
| | - Simon Blanchard
- Univ. Angers, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Allergologie, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Jérôme Cayon
- Univ. Angers, SFR ICAT, PACeM (Plateforme d'Analyse Cellulaire et Moléculaire), Angers, France
| | - Odile Blanchet
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques, BB-0033-00038, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Nicolas Henry
- Service de Néphrologie-Dialyse, Centre Hospitalier de Laval, Laval, France
| | - Assia Djema
- Service de Néphrologie-Dialyse, Centre Hospitalier de Cholet, Cholet, France
| | | | - Pascale Jeannin
- Univ. Angers, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Allergologie, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Yves Delneste
- Univ. Angers, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Allergologie, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Marie-Christine Copin
- Univ. Angers, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Département de pathologie, Université d'Angers, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Jean-François Augusto
- Service de Néphrologie-Dialyse-Transplantation, Université d'Angers, CHU Angers, Angers, France
- Univ. Angers, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
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George J, Zhang Y, Sloan J, Sims JM, Imig JD, Zhao X. Tim-1 Deficiency Aggravates High-Fat Diet-Induced Steatohepatitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747794. [PMID: 34675931 PMCID: PMC8523998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is commonly associated with obesity and characterized by excessive lipid accumulation and liver inflammation. The T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (Tim-1), also known as hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (Havcr-1) and kidney injury molecule 1 (Kim-1), has been shown to affect innate immunity-driven proinflammatory cascade in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, its contribution to obesity-related NAFLD/NASH remains unknown. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the role of Tim-1 in obesity-related liver inflammation and injury in wild-type (WT) and Tim-1-deficient (Tim-1-/-) C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 5-6 months. HFD feeding induced steatosis and upregulated Tim-1 gene expression in the liver of WT mice. Surprisingly, Tim-1-/- mice on HFD diet exhibited an exacerbation of hepatic steatosis, accompanied with an elevation of protein levels of fatty acid translocase CD36 and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1). Tim-1 deficiency also enhanced HFD-induced liver inflammation and injury, as evidenced by augmented increase in hepatic expression of pro-inflammatory factor lipocalin 2 and elevated serum alanine transaminase (ALT). In addition, gene expression of type I, III and IV collagens and liver fibrosis were greatly enhanced in HFD Tim-1-/- mice compared with HFD WT mice. HFD-induced hepatic expression of YM-1, a specific mouse M2 macrophage marker, was further upregulated by deletion of Tim-1. Together, these results show that Tim-1 deficiency aggravates the effects of HFD diet on lipid accumulation and liver fibrosis, most likely through enhanced infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine George
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jacob Sloan
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joya M Sims
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - John D Imig
- Drug Discovery Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Xueying Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Wyatt MA, Baumgarten SC, Weaver AL, Van Oort CC, Fedyshyn B, Ruano R, Shenoy CC, Enninga EAL. Evaluating Markers of Immune Tolerance and Angiogenesis in Maternal Blood for an Association with Risk of Pregnancy Loss. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163579. [PMID: 34441875 PMCID: PMC8397206 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy loss affects approximately 20% of couples. The lack of a clear cause complicates half of all miscarriages. Early evidence indicates the maternal immune system and angiogenesis regulation are both key players in implantation success or failure. Therefore, this prospective study recruited women in the first trimester with known viable intrauterine pregnancy and measured blood levels of immune tolerance proteins galectin-9 (Gal-9) and interleukin (IL)-4, and angiogenesis proteins (vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) A, C, and D) between 5 and 9 weeks gestation. Plasma concentrations were compared between groups defined based on (a) pregnancy outcome and (b) maternal history of miscarriage, respectively. In total, 56 women were recruited with 10 experiencing a miscarriage or pregnancy loss in the 2nd or 3rd trimester and 11 having a maternal history or miscarriage. VEGF-C was significantly lower among women with a miscarriage or pregnancy loss. Gal-9 and VEGF-A concentrations were decreased in women with a prior miscarriage. Identification of early changes in maternal immune and angiogenic factors during pregnancy may be a tool to improve patient counseling on pregnancy loss risk and future interventions to reduce miscarriage in a subset of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Wyatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (M.A.W.); (S.C.B.); (C.C.V.O.); (B.F.); (R.R.); (C.C.S.)
| | - Sarah C. Baumgarten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (M.A.W.); (S.C.B.); (C.C.V.O.); (B.F.); (R.R.); (C.C.S.)
| | - Amy L. Weaver
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Chelsie C. Van Oort
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (M.A.W.); (S.C.B.); (C.C.V.O.); (B.F.); (R.R.); (C.C.S.)
| | - Bohdana Fedyshyn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (M.A.W.); (S.C.B.); (C.C.V.O.); (B.F.); (R.R.); (C.C.S.)
| | - Rodrigo Ruano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (M.A.W.); (S.C.B.); (C.C.V.O.); (B.F.); (R.R.); (C.C.S.)
| | - Chandra C. Shenoy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (M.A.W.); (S.C.B.); (C.C.V.O.); (B.F.); (R.R.); (C.C.S.)
| | - Elizabeth Ann L. Enninga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (M.A.W.); (S.C.B.); (C.C.V.O.); (B.F.); (R.R.); (C.C.S.)
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence:
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Ding M, He Y, Zhang S, Guo W. Recent Advances in Costimulatory Blockade to Induce Immune Tolerance in Liver Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:537079. [PMID: 33732228 PMCID: PMC7959747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.537079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is an effective therapy for end-stage liver disease. However, most postoperative patients must take immunosuppressive drugs to prevent organ rejection. Interestingly, some transplant recipients have normal liver function and do not experience organ rejection after the withdrawal of immunosuppressive agents. This phenomenon, called immune tolerance, is the ultimate goal in clinical transplantation. Costimulatory molecules play important roles in T cell-mediated immune responses and the maintenance of T cell tolerance. Blocking costimulatory pathways can alter T cell responses and prolong graft survival. Better understanding of the roles of costimulatory molecules has facilitated the use of costimulatory blockade to effectively induce immune tolerance in animal transplantation models. In this article, we review the state of the art in costimulatory pathway blockade for the induction of immune tolerance in transplantation and its potential application prospects for liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuting He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Antigen presentation, autoantibody production, and therapeutic targets in autoimmune liver disease. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:92-111. [PMID: 33110250 PMCID: PMC7852534 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is an important immunological organ that controls systemic tolerance. The liver harbors professional and unconventional antigen-presenting cells that are crucial for tolerance induction and maintenance. Orchestrating the immune response in homeostasis depends on a healthy and well-toned immunological liver microenvironment, which is maintained by the crosstalk of liver-resident antigen-presenting cells and intrahepatic and liver-infiltrating leukocytes. In response to pathogens or autoantigens, tolerance is disrupted by unknown mechanisms. Intrahepatic parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells exhibit unique antigen-presenting properties. The presentation of microbial and endogenous lipid-, metabolite- and peptide-derived antigens from the gut via conventional and nonconventional mechanisms can educate intrahepatic immune cells and elicit effector responses or tolerance. Perturbation of this balance results in autoimmune liver diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Although the exact etiologies of these autoimmune liver diseases are unknown, it is thought that the disruption of tolerance towards self-antigens and microbial metabolites and lipids, as well as alterations in bile acid composition, may result in changes in effector cell activation and polarization and may reduce or impair protective anti-inflammatory regulatory T and B cell responses. Additionally, the canonical and noncanonical transmission of antigens and antigen:MHC complexes via trogocytosis or extracellular vesicles between different (non) immune cells in the liver may play a role in the induction of hepatic inflammation and tolerance. Here, we summarize emerging aspects of antigen presentation, autoantibody production, and the application of novel therapeutic approaches in the characterization and treatment of autoimmune liver diseases.
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Zhou P, Fei M, Han Y, Zhou M, Wang H. Knockdown of T Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin 1 (Tim-1) Suppresses Glioma Progression Through Inhibition of the Cytokine-PI3K/AKT Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:7433-7445. [PMID: 32801766 PMCID: PMC7414978 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s255117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is formed by abnormal proliferation of glial cells in the brain. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin 1 (Tim-1) is linked to cancer development. This study aimed to assess Tim-1 functions in biological behaviors. Methods The glioma tissues and paracancerous tissues were collected. The pathological morphology of glioma and positive expression of Tim-1 were evaluated. The sh-Tim-1 lentivirus vector was infected into U251 and U87 cells to evaluate glioma cell malignant behaviors. The differentially expressed terms in glioma cells were analyzed by Agilent microarray analysis, and enrichment analyses were performed. Levels of cytokines (TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10) and the PI3K/AKT pathway were measured. U87 cells with sh-Tim-1 were transplanted into nude mice, and the volume and weight of tumors were measured. Results Tim-1 levels in glioma tissues and cells were higher than those in glial tissues and cells. Tim-1 knockdown prevented glioma cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and reduced TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 levels of glioma. Co-treatment of PI3K/AKT pathway activator and knockdown Tim-1 partially reversed these outcomes. After Tim-1 knockdown, tumor volume and weight and Ki67-positive rate of nude mice were diminished. Conclusion Tim-1 knockdown inhibited biological behaviors of glioma cells through the PI3K/AKT pathway, which may provide a novel therapy for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoxing Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengliang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Immune Checkpoints Contribute Corneal Immune Privilege: Implications for Dry Eye Associated with Checkpoint Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113962. [PMID: 32486493 PMCID: PMC7312178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The eye is provided with immune protection against pathogens in a manner that greatly reduces the threat of inflammation-induced vision loss. Immune-mediated inflammation and allograft rejection are greatly reduced in the eye, a phenomenon called 'immune privilege'. Corneal tissue has inherent immune privilege properties with underlying three mechanisms: (1) anatomical, cellular, and molecular barriers in the cornea; (2) an immunosuppressive microenvironment; and (3) tolerance related to regulatory T cells and anterior chamber-associated immune deviation. This review describes the molecular mechanisms of the immunosuppressive microenvironment and regulatory T cells in the cornea that have been elucidated from animal models of ocular inflammation, especially those involving corneal transplantation, it also provides an update on immune checkpoint molecules in corneal and systemic immune regulation, and its relevance for dry eye associated with checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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Safety and efficacy of CDX-014, an antibody-drug conjugate directed against T cell immunoglobulin mucin-1 in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1807-1814. [PMID: 32472319 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CDX-014 is an antibody-drug conjugate directed against TIM-1, a surface marker highly expressed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and ovarian carcinoma. This phase I, first-in-human trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and preliminary activity of CDX-014 in patients with advanced refractory RCC, following a dose-escalation and dose expansion design. CDX-014 was administered intravenously at doses ranging from 0.15 to 2.0 mg/kg every 2 or 3 weeks until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Sixteen patients received at least one dose of CDX-014. The maximum tolerated dose was not identified. Most frequent adverse grade 1 or 2 adverse events included nausea (38%), fatigue, alopecia, elevation of AST and decreased appetite (25% each). Adverse events of grade 3 or more included hyperglycemia (19%), urosepsis (6%), and one multi-organ failure (6%) responsible for one treatment-related death. Two patients discontinued therapy for adverse events including fatigue grade 2 and urosepsis grade 4. CDX-014 showed antitumor activity with one prolonged partial response and a clinical benefit rate (objective response or stable disease >6 months) of 31%. The two patients that exhibited the most marked tumor shrinkage had high TIM-1 expression on tumor tissue. Overall, CDX-014 exhibited a manageable toxicity profile and early signs of activity, supporting further evaluation of antibody-drug conjugates in patients with advanced RCC and potentially other TIM-1 expressing cancers. Trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02837991 NCT02837991; July 20, 2016.
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Yeung MY, Grimmig T, Sayegh MH. Costimulation Blockade in Transplantation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1189:267-312. [PMID: 31758538 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T cells play a pivotal role in orchestrating immune responses directed against a foreign (allogeneic) graft. For T cells to become fully activated, the T-cell receptor (TCR) must interact with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plus peptide complex on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), followed by a second "positive" costimulatory signal. In the absence of this second signal, T cells become anergic or undergo deletion. By blocking positive costimulatory signaling, T-cell allo-responses can be aborted, thus preventing graft rejection and promoting long-term allograft survival and possibly tolerance (Alegre ML, Najafian N, Curr Mol Med 6:843-857, 2006; Li XC, Rothstein DM, Sayegh MH, Immunol Rev 229:271-293, 2009). In addition, costimulatory molecules can provide negative "coinhibitory" signals that inhibit T-cell activation and terminate immune responses; strategies to promote these pathways can also lead to graft tolerance (Boenisch O, Sayegh MH, Najafian N, Curr Opin Organ Transplant 13:373-378, 2008). However, T-cell costimulation involves an incredibly complex array of interactions that may act simultaneously or at different times in the immune response and whose relative importance varies depending on the different T-cell subsets and activation status. In transplantation, the presence of foreign alloantigen incites not only destructive T effector cells but also protective regulatory T cells, the balance of which ultimately determines the fate of the allograft (Lechler RI, Garden OA, Turka LA, Nat Rev Immunol 3:147-158, 2003). Since the processes of alloantigen-specific rejection and regulation both require activation of T cells, costimulatory interactions may have opposing or synergistic roles depending on the cell being targeted. Such complexities present both challenges and opportunities in targeting T-cell costimulatory pathways for therapeutic purposes. In this chapter, we summarize our current knowledge of the various costimulatory pathways in transplantation and review the current state and challenges of harnessing these pathways to promote graft tolerance (summarized in Table 10.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Y Yeung
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Tanja Grimmig
- Department of Surgery, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed H Sayegh
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine and Immunology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Zheng Y, Wang L, Chen M, Liu L, Pei A, Zhang R, Gan S, Zhu S. Inhibition of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-1 (TIM-1) protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:103. [PMID: 31438964 PMCID: PMC6704646 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The T cell Ig domain and mucin domain (TIM)-1 protein expressed on the surface of Th2 cells regulates the immune response by modulating cytokine production. The present study aimed to investigate the role and possible mechanism of TIM-1 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Western blot was used to detect TIM-1 and apoptosis-related protein expression, whereas TIM-1 mRNA was examined using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. Flow cytometry and a TdT-mediated biotin-16-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used to detect the percentage of apoptotic cells and a pathological examination was performed. The migration of neutrophils and macrophages was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results Our results suggest that TIM-1 expression was transiently increased 24 h or 48 h following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion. The infarct size was markedly increased in MCAO, whereas treatment with a TIM-1-blocking mAb could reduce the infarct size. TIM-1 blocking mAb effectively reduced the number of neutrophils, macrophage functionality, cytokine (i.e., IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and chemokine (i.e., CXCL-1 and CXCL-2) production in the brain tissue. The effect of in vitro T cell damage on neurons was significantly reduced following treatment with a TIM-1 blocking mAb or the knockdown of TIM-1 in co-cultured T cells and neurons. Conclusion Take together, these results indicated that TIM-1 blockade ameliorated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, TIM-1 disruption may serve as a novel target for therapy following MCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Manli Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijie Pei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyuan Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengmei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Fang T, Koo TY, Lee JG, Jang JY, Xu Y, Hwang JH, Park S, Yan JJ, Ryu JH, Ryu YM, Kim SY, Suh KS, Yang J. Anti-CD45RB Antibody Therapy Attenuates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inducing Regulatory B Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1870-1885. [PMID: 31296607 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018101067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory B cells are a newly discovered B cell subset that suppresses immune responses. Recent studies found that both anti-CD45RB and anti-Tim-1 treatments regulate immune responses by inducing regulatory B cells; however, the role of these cells in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is unknown. METHODS Using mouse models, including T cell-deficient (RAG1 knockout and TCRα knockout) mice and B cell-deficient (μMT) mice, we investigated the effects of regulatory B cells and anti-CD45RB on IRI and the mechanisms underlying these effects. RESULTS Adoptive transfer of regulatory B cells before or after IRI attenuated renal IRI. Anti-CD45RB treatment with or without anti-Tim-1 before IRI increased renal infiltration of CD19+Tim-1+ regulatory B and regulatory T cells. Anti-CD45RB decreased serum creatinine levels, pathologic injury score, tubular apoptosis, and proinflammatory cytokines levels, whereas IL-10 levels increased. Following IRI, anti-CD45RB with or without anti-Tim-1 also induced regulatory B cells, improving renal function and tubular regeneration. In RAG1 knockout mice with B cell transfer, TCRα knockout mice, and wild-type mice with T cell depletion, anti-CD45RB increased regulatory B cells and attenuated IRI. However, anti-CD45RB did not attenuate IRI in RAG1 knockout mice with T cell transfer or μMT mice and induced only mild improvement in wild-type mice with B cell depletion. Furthermore, B cell-deficient mice receiving B cells from IL-10 knockout mice (but not from wild-type mice) did not show renal protection against IRI when treated with anti-CD45RB. CONCLUSIONS Anti-CD45RB treatment attenuated acute renal injury and facilitated renal recovery after IRI through induction of IL-10+ regulatory B cells, pointing to anti-CD45RB as a potential therapeutic strategy in renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Fang
- Transplantation Research Institute and.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Yixuan Xu
- Transplantation Research Institute and
| | | | | | | | | | - Yeon-Mi Ryu
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Suk Suh
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; .,Transplantation Center and.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Transplantation Research Institute and .,Transplantation Center and.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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TIM-3 and TIM-1 Could Regulate Decidual γδTCR Bright T Cells during Murine Pregnancy. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:3836942. [PMID: 31236420 PMCID: PMC6545878 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3836942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is an immunological enigma where paternal antigens are present at the fetomaternal interface. What regulates the local immunotolerance, which is necessary to prevent rejection of the conceptus, is still under strong investigation. Gamma/delta T cells are believed to play a role in the local regulation of this immunotolerance towards the semiallogenic fetus. Gamma/delta T cells from the uterus and spleen of pregnant and nonpregnant mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. We confirmed that the rate of γδT cells in the decidua increases during murine pregnancy and half of decidual γδT cells are CD4+. Furthermore, we found a unique association of CD4 or CD8 coreceptor expression with their γδTCR intensity, where in all investigated groups CD4- or CD8-positive γδT cells seemed principally to be γδTCRdim. In addition, compared to peripheral γδT lymphocytes, a greater proportion of decidual γδT cells expressed the cytotoxic marker CD107a and markers of Th1 or Th2 polarization (TIM-3, TIM-1), where decidual γδTCRbright cells were characterized by high TIM-3 and TIM-1 receptor expression. On the other hand, no difference in the expression of CD160, a receptor with dual function affecting cytotoxicity and T cell inhibition, was detected. Within lymphocytes expressing CD107a, TIM-1, or CD160, the rate of γδT cells was significantly higher in the decidua. According to our results, cytotoxic potential of decidual γδTCRbright cells could be regulated by TIM-3 ligation, while the TIM-1 receptor seems to be able to influence the Th1-Th2 balance at the fetomaternal interface. These mechanisms could play a part in the active maternal immunotolerance towards the fetus, allowing an efficient protection against pathogens during healthy murine pregnancy.
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16
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Song J, Yu J, Prayogo GW, Cao W, Wu Y, Jia Z, Zhang A. Understanding kidney injury molecule 1: a novel immune factor in kidney pathophysiology. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:1219-1229. [PMID: 30972157 PMCID: PMC6456506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) is a type I membrane protein, comprising an extracellular portion and a cytoplasmic portion. It is also named as HAVCR1 (Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1) or TIM1 (T-cell immunoglobulin mucin receptor 1), and is expressed in the kidney, liver, and spleen. KIM-1 plays different roles via various molecular targets in immune diseases and kidney injury. KIM-1 is involved in HAV infections, autoimmunity, immune tolerance, and atopic diseases. The urinary KIM-1 level is closely related to its tissue level, and correspondingly related to kidney tissue damage. KIM-1 is not only an early biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI), but also has a potential role in predicting the long-term renal outcome. In this review, we provide a summary of KIM-1's activities, focusing on the latest studies concerning the important roles of KIM-1 in the immune system and kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Song
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Gabriella Wenda Prayogo
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
| | - Weidong Cao
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Yimei Wu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
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17
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Ye L, Zhang Q, Cheng Y, Chen X, Wang G, Shi M, Zhang T, Cao Y, Pan H, Zhang L, Wang G, Deng Y, Yang Y, Chen G. Tumor-derived exosomal HMGB1 fosters hepatocellular carcinoma immune evasion by promoting TIM-1 + regulatory B cell expansion. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:145. [PMID: 30526680 PMCID: PMC6288912 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regulatory B (Breg) cells represent one of the B cell subsets that infiltrate solid tumors and exhibit distinct phenotypes in different tumor microenvironments. However, the phenotype, function and clinical relevance of Breg cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are presently unknown. Methods Flow cytometry analyses were performed to determine the levels, phenotypes and functions of TIM-1+Breg cells in samples from 51 patients with HCC. Kaplan-Meier plots for overall survival and disease-free survival were generated using the log-rank test. TIM-1+Breg cells and CD8+ T cells were isolated, stimulated and/or cultured in vitro for functional assays. Exosomes and B cells were isolated and cultured in vitro for TIM-1+Breg cell expansion assays. Results Patients with HCC showed a significantly higher TIM-1+Breg cell infiltration in their tumor tissue compared with the paired peritumoral tissue. The infiltrating TIM-1+Breg cells showed a CD5highCD24−CD27−/+CD38+/high phenotype, expressed high levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 and exhibited strong suppressive activity against CD8+ T cells. B cells activated by tumor-derived exosomes strongly expressed TIM-1 protein and were equipped with suppressive activity against CD8+ T cells similar to TIM-1+Breg cells isolated from HCC tumor tissue. Moreover, the accumulation of TIM-1+Breg cells in tumors was associated with advanced disease stage, predicted early recurrence in HCC and reduced HCC patient survival. Exosome-derived HMGB1 activated B cells and promoted TIM-1+Breg cell expansion via the Toll like receptor (TLR) 2/4 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Conclusions Our results illuminate a novel mechanism of TIM-1+Breg cell-mediated immune escape in HCC and provide functional evidence for the use of these novel exosomal HMGB1-TLR2/4-MAPK pathways to prevent and to treat this immune tolerance feature of HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-018-0451-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsen Ye
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.,Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengchen Shi
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjiao Cao
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen university, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Pan
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liting Zhang
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Genshu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinan Deng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guihua Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Malchesky PS. Dr. Takuya Ueno to Serve as a Co-Editor of Transplantation for Artificial Organs. Artif Organs 2018; 41:885-887. [PMID: 28990710 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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D'Addio F, Vergani A, Potena L, Maestroni A, Usuelli V, Ben Nasr M, Bassi R, Tezza S, Dellepiane S, El Essawy B, Iascone M, Iacovoni A, Borgese L, Liu K, Visner G, Dhe-Paganon S, Corradi D, Abdi R, Starling RC, Folli F, Zuccotti GV, Sayegh MH, Heeger PS, Chandraker A, Grigioni F, Fiorina P. P2X7R mutation disrupts the NLRP3-mediated Th program and predicts poor cardiac allograft outcomes. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3490-3503. [PMID: 30010623 DOI: 10.1172/jci94524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptor-7 (P2X7R) signaling controls Th17 and Th1 generation/differentiation, while NOD-like receptor P3 (NLRP3) acts as a Th2 transcriptional factor. Here, we demonstrated the existence of a P2X7R/NLRP3 pathway in T cells that is dysregulated by a P2X7R intracellular region loss-of-function mutation, leading to NLRP3 displacement and to excessive Th17 generation due to abrogation of the NLRP3-mediated Th2 program. This ultimately resulted in poor outcomes in cardiac-transplanted patients carrying the mutant allele, who showed abnormal Th17 generation. Transient NLRP3 silencing in nonmutant T cells or overexpression in mutant T cells normalized the Th profile. Interestingly, IL-17 blockade reduced Th17 skewing of human T cells in vitro and abrogated the severe allograft vasculopathy and abnormal Th17 generation observed in preclinical models in which P2X7R was genetically deleted. This P2X7R intracellular region mutation thus impaired the modulatory effects of P2X7R on NLRP3 expression and function in T cells and led to NLRP3 dysregulation and Th17 skewing, delineating a high-risk group of cardiac-transplanted patients who may benefit from personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca D'Addio
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, "L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Vergani
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luciano Potena
- Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Program, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maestroni
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, "L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Vera Usuelli
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Moufida Ben Nasr
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, "L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara Tezza
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sergio Dellepiane
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Basset El Essawy
- Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Attilio Iacovoni
- Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Laura Borgese
- Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Program, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kaifeng Liu
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary Visner
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Domenico Corradi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, Unit of Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randall C Starling
- Heart Failure Center, Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Franco Folli
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, "L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Peter S Heeger
- Department of Medicine and Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francesco Grigioni
- Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Program, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- International Center for Type 1 Diabetes, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, "L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Endocrinology Division, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
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Czaja AJ. Under-Evaluated or Unassessed Pathogenic Pathways in Autoimmune Hepatitis and Implications for Future Management. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:1706-1725. [PMID: 29671161 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis is a consequence of perturbations in homeostatic mechanisms that maintain self-tolerance but are incompletely understood. The goals of this review are to describe key pathogenic pathways that have been under-evaluated or unassessed in autoimmune hepatitis, describe insights that may shape future therapies, and encourage investigational efforts. The T cell immunoglobulin mucin proteins constitute a family that modulates immune tolerance by limiting the survival of immune effector cells, clearing apoptotic bodies, and expanding the population of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Galectins influence immune cell migration, activation, proliferation, and survival, and T cell exhaustion can be induced and exploited as a possible management strategy. The programmed cell death-1 protein and its ligands comprise an antigen-independent inhibitory axis that can limit the performance of activated T cells by altering their metabolism, and epigenetic changes can silence pro-inflammatory genes or de-repress anti-inflammatory genes that affect disease severity. Changes in the intestinal microbiota and permeability of the intestinal mucosal barrier can be causative or consequential events that affect the occurrence and phenotype of immune-mediated disease, and they may help explain the female propensity for autoimmune hepatitis. Perturbations within these homeostatic mechanisms have been implicated in experimental models and limited clinical experiences, and they have been favorably manipulated by monoclonal antibodies, recombinant molecules, pharmacological agents or dietary supplements. In conclusion, pathogenic mechanisms that have been implicated in other systemic immune-mediated and liver diseases but under-evaluated or unassessed in autoimmune hepatitis warrant consideration and rigorous evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Czaja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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21
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Hosseini H, Yi L, Kanellakis P, Cao A, Tay C, Peter K, Bobik A, Toh BH, Kyaw T. Anti-TIM-1 Monoclonal Antibody (RMT1-10) Attenuates Atherosclerosis By Expanding IgM-producing B1a Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008447. [PMID: 29936416 PMCID: PMC6064881 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Peritoneal B1a cells attenuate atherosclerosis by secreting natural polyclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM). Regulatory B cells expressing T‐cell immunoglobulin mucin domain‐1 (TIM‐1) expanded through TIM‐1 ligation by anti‐TIM‐1 monoclonal antibody (RMT1‐10) induces immune tolerance. Methods and Results We examined the capacity of RMT1‐10 to expand peritoneal B1a cells to prevent atherosclerosis development and retard progression of established atherosclerosis. RMT1‐10 treatment selectively doubled peritoneal B1a cells, tripled TIM‐1+ B1a cells and increased TIM‐1+IgM+interleukin (IL)‐10+ by 3‐fold and TIM‐1+IgM+IL‐10− B1a cells by 2.5‐fold. Similar expansion of B1a B cells was observed in spleens. These effects reduced atherosclerotic lesion size, increased plasma IgM and lesion IgM deposits, and decreased oxidatively modified low‐density lipoproteins in lesions. Lesion CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, macrophages and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, expression of proinflammatory cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, IL1β, apoptotic cell numbers and necrotic cores were also reduced. RMT1‐10 treatment failed to expand peritoneal B1a cells and reduce atherosclerosis after splenectomy that reduces B1a cells, indicating that these effects are B1a cell‐dependent. Apolipoprotein E‐KO mice fed a high‐fat diet for 6 weeks before treatment with RMT1‐10 also increased TIM‐1+IgM+IL‐10+ and TIM‐1+IgM+IL‐10− B1a cells and IgM levels and attenuated progression of established atherosclerosis. Conclusions RMT1‐10 treatment attenuates atherosclerosis development and progression by selectively expanding IgM producing atheroprotective B1a cells. Antibody‐based in vivo expansion of B1a cells could be an attractive approach for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Hosseini
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Li Yi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Anh Cao
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher Tay
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Alex Bobik
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tin Kyaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia .,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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22
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Chen H, Zheng X, Xie S, Chen W, Ji H, Zheng S. TIM-1 attenuates the protection of ischemic preconditioning for ischemia reperfusion injury in liver transplantation. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:3665-3675. [PMID: 28861157 PMCID: PMC5575180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been introduced to protect grafts against ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) during liver transplantation (LT) in recent years. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of IPC are not fully understood. We aimed to confirm whether the efficacy of IPC is dependent on T cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin domain-containing molecules-1 (TIM-1). Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression of genes of interest. Graft function was assessed using the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), percentage of apoptosis cells and pathological examination. IPC treatment alleviated graft function after ischemic reperfusion. AST, ALT, CD68, CD3 positive cells and tissue myeloperoxidase activity were decreased significantly by IPC. IPC decreased the expressions of the cytokines and chemokines. Compared with the IRI group, TIM-1 expression and TIM-1 positive cells were inhibited significantly in the IPC group. TIM-1 blockage abolished the protective effect of IPC on IRI damage. IPC could not further improve graft function and decrease the sequestration of immune cells after blocking TIM-1 signaling. IPC is a convenient therapeutic strategy against IRI during LT. The benefit of IPC depends on TIM-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanxing Liu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shangzhi Xie
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haofeng Ji
- Dumont-UCLA Trcc of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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23
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High expression of TIM-3 and KIM-1 in blood and urine of renal allograft rejection patients. Transpl Immunol 2017; 43-44:11-20. [PMID: 28757398 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) is involved in alloimmune and autoimmune responses, as well as tolerance induction in kidney transplantation. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is highly expressed in epithelial cells of the injured proximal tubule. In this study, we have investigated both urinary and blood TIM-3 mRNA expressions, urinary KIM-1 mRNA expression, and urinary and serum KIM-1 proteins in renal allograft recipients diagnosed with acute allograft rejection (AR) and chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD), as well as those with well-functioning transplants (WFG). METHODS We divided 85 patients into the following groups: AR (n=24), CAD (n=19), and WFG (n=42). TIM-3 and KIM-1 mRNA expressions were quantified using real-time reverse-transcription TaqMan probe polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). An ELISA test was used to measure the amount of KIM-1 protein in serum and urine samples. RESULTS AR and CAD patients had significantly greater urinary and blood TIM-3 mRNA expressions, urinary KIM-1 mRNA expression, and urinary and serum KIM-1 proteins compared to WFG patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that these molecules discriminated Allograft rejections from WFG. CONCLUSION Quantification of TIM-3 and KIM-1 mRNA expressions, along with KIM-1 protein measurements in urine and blood could be employed as promising tools for noninvasive diagnosis of allograft dysfunction.
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24
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Ueno T. Thomas E. Starzl, MD, PhD: Father of Transplantation-March 11, 1926-March 4, 2017. Artif Organs 2017; 41:601-602. [PMID: 28703369 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ueno
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Kidney Transplantation Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Ansari AW, Khan MA, Schmidt RE, Broering DC. Harnessing the immunotherapeutic potential of T-lymphocyte co-signaling molecules in transplantation. Immunol Lett 2017; 183:8-16. [PMID: 28119073 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alloantigen-specific T-cell triggered immunopathological events are responsible for rapid allograft rejection. The co-signaling pathways orchestrated by co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules are critical for optimal T-cell effector function. Therefore, selective blockade of pathways that control T-cell immunity may offer an attractive therapeutic strategy to manipulate cell mediated allogenic responses. For example, CD28, CTLA-4 and CD154 receptor blockade have proven beneficial in maintaining T-cell tolerance against transplanted organs in experimental animal models as well as in clinical trials. Conversely, induction of co-inhibitory molecules may result in suppressed effector function. There are several other potential molecules that are known to induce immune tolerance are currently under consideration for clinical studies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and updated analysis of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules, their therapeutic potential to prevent graft rejection, and to further improve their long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul W Ansari
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Department of Comparative Medicine, MBC03, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad A Khan
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Department of Comparative Medicine, MBC03, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reinhold E Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str.1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dieter C Broering
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Department of Comparative Medicine, MBC03, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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26
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Ueno T, Kim P, McGrath MM, Yeung MY, Shimizu T, Jung K, Sayegh MH, Chandraker AK, Abdi R, Yun SH. Live Images of Donor Dendritic Cells Trafficking via CX3CR1 Pathway. Front Immunol 2016; 7:412. [PMID: 27790214 PMCID: PMC5063889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A number of studies have demonstrated the role of CX3CR1 in regulating the migration of monocytes into peripheral tissue and their transformation into dendritic cell (DC). No data are yet available on the importance of chemokine pathways in regulating homeostasis of DC in heart transplants. Recently, we showed that recipients of heart allografts from CX3CR1−/− donors show longer survival. To assess the trafficking of dDC, we have developed and tested a novel in vivo imaging tool in CX3CR1GFP/+ DC (B6 background) heart graft into BALB/c recipient model. Results Majority of GFP+ cells were noted in the middle of cardiac myocyte. However few hours post transplant, they experienced morphological changes including stretching their extensions (3 and 24 h). However, images from 72 h at cardiac graft showed many of GFP+ cells moved to vessel areas. GFP+ cells were detected in near vessel wall. Only one GFP+ cell was observed in three lymph nodes (two mesenteric and one inguinal) (72 h). Conclusion Our data indicate that immediately post transplant dDC undergo morphological changes and traffic out of the organs via systemic circulation. While, we still noted presence of dDC in the transplanted organs, their trafficking to lymphoid tissue remains to be fully explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ueno
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Martina M McGrath
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Melissa Y Yeung
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Tetsunosuke Shimizu
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Keehoon Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Mohamed H Sayegh
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Anil K Chandraker
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Seok H Yun
- Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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27
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Kishimoto W, Nishikori M, Arima H, Miyoshi H, Sasaki Y, Kitawaki T, Shirakawa K, Kato T, Imaizumi Y, Ishikawa T, Ohno H, Haga H, Ohshima K, Takaori-Kondo A. Expression of Tim-1 in primary CNS lymphoma. Cancer Med 2016; 5:3235-3245. [PMID: 27709813 PMCID: PMC5119979 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a distinct subtype of extranodal lymphoma with aggressive clinical course and poor outcome. As increased IL‐10/IL‐6 ratio is recognized in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of PCNSL patients, we hypothesized that PCNSL might originate from a population of B cells with high IL‐10‐producing capacity, an equivalent of “regulatory B cells” in mice. We intended in this study to clarify whether Tim‐1, a molecule known as a marker for regulatory B cells in mice, is expressed in PCNSL. By immunohistochemical analysis, Tim‐1 was shown to be positive in as high as 54.2% of PCNSL (26 of 58 samples), while it was positive in 19.1% of systemic diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) samples (17 of 89 samples; P < 0.001). Tim‐1 expression positively correlated with IL‐10 expression in PCNSL (Cramer's V = 0.55, P < 0.001), and forced expression of Tim‐1 in a PCNSL cell line resulted in increased IL‐10 secretion, suggesting that Tim‐1 is functionally linked with IL‐10 production in PCNSL. Moreover, soluble Tim‐1 was detectable in the CSF of PCNSL patients, and was suggested to parallel disease activity. In summary, PCNSL is characterized by frequent Tim‐1 expression, and its soluble form in CSF may become a useful biomarker for PCNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Kishimoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Momoko Nishikori
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuya Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitawaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shirakawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kato
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Imaizumi
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ishikawa
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohno
- Department of Hematology, Tenri Hospital, Mishima-cho, Tenri, Nara, Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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28
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Ueno T, Jung K, Yeung MY, McGrath MM, Shimizu T, Kim P, Sayegh MH, Chandraker A, Yun SH. Imaging cell biology in transplantation. Transpl Int 2016; 29:1349-1351. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ueno
- Transplantation Research Center; Renal Division; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Keehoon Jung
- Department of Dermatology; Wellman Center for Photomedicine; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Melissa Y Yeung
- Transplantation Research Center; Renal Division; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Martina M McGrath
- Transplantation Research Center; Renal Division; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Tetsunosuke Shimizu
- Transplantation Research Center; Renal Division; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Wellman Center for Photomedicine; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Mohamed H Sayegh
- Transplantation Research Center; Renal Division; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Transplantation Research Center; Renal Division; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Seok H Yun
- Department of Dermatology; Wellman Center for Photomedicine; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
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29
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Abstract
The ultimate outcome of alloreactivity versus tolerance following transplantation is potently influenced by the constellation of cosignaling molecules expressed by immune cells during priming with alloantigen, and the net sum of costimulatory and coinhibitory signals transmitted via ligation of these molecules. Intense investigation over the last two decades has yielded a detailed understanding of the kinetics, cellular distribution, and intracellular signaling networks of cosignaling molecules such as the CD28, TNF, and TIM families of receptors in alloimmunity. More recent work has better defined the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which engagement of cosignaling networks serve to either dampen or augment alloimmunity. These findings will likely aid in the rational development of novel immunomodulatory strategies to prolong graft survival and improve outcomes following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy L Ford
- Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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30
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Deng G, Deng R, Yao J, Liao B, Chen Y, Wu Z, Hu H, Zhou X, Ma Y. Trichinella spiralis infection changes immune response in mice performed abdominal heterotopic cardiac transplantation and prolongs cardiac allograft survival time. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:407-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW B cells are known to play a central role in humoral immunity and to boost cellular immunity, however, in a variety of experimental models, B-cell subsets ameliorate inflammation and autoimmune disease, indicating that they can also play a regulatory role. Here, we highlight the advances in regulatory B-cell (Breg) biology of the past year with an emphasis on findings pertinent to transplantation. Several recent observations highlight the relevance to clinical transplantation. Data from at least three independent groups demonstrated that spontaneously tolerant renal transplant recipients exhibit a peripheral blood B-cell signature although the significance of these data remains unclear. Moreover, new data suggest that regulatory B cells may serve as a biomarker for long-term allograft outcomes. Finally, recent evidence suggesting that plasma cells may be an essential component of Bregs raises new concerns about targeting antibody producing cells. RECENT FINDINGS We describe new information on Breg mechanisms of action to suppress the alloresponse, signals to expand Bregs in vitro, and more functional evidence of Breg involvement in operationally tolerant kidney patients and in maintaining stable allograft function. SUMMARY Although lymphocyte depletion remains central to tolerance induction therapy, the sparing or expansion of regulatory B cells may be an additional strategy to preempt graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James I. Kim
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Thier 8, Boston, MA 02114
| | - David M. Rothstein
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 200 Lothrop Street, E1555 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - James F. Markmann
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Thier 8, Boston, MA 02114
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32
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Fan Q, Meng J, Li P, Liu Z, Sun Y, Yan P. Pathogenesis and association ofMycoplasma pneumoniaeinfection with cardiac and hepatic damage. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 59:375-80. [PMID: 26011190 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fan
- Department of Pediatrics; Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital; Shandong 250001 China
| | - Jun Meng
- Department of Pediatrics; People's Hospital of Dezhou; Shandong 253014 China
| | - Peijie Li
- Department of Pediatrics; Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital; Shandong 250001 China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics; Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital; Shandong 250001 China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Pediatrics; Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital; Shandong 250001 China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Pediatrics; Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital; Shandong 250001 China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Stimulatory and inhibitory receptor signaling (cosignaling) on T cells is a critical component of T-cell responses that mediate graft rejection. The blockade of cosignaling pathways is an attractive strategy for preventing allogeneic T-cell responses. Here, we review the new studies that provide critical insight into the well studied CD28-CTLA-4 and CD40-CD40L cosignaling pathways, as well as the identification of novel cosignaling receptors that play a role in allogeneic T-cell responses. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, it has been appreciated that the CD28-CTLA-4 pathway has unique roles on specific T-cell subsets, particularly on forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)+ regulatory T cell (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells. New insight has been provided into the mechanism by which CD40-CD154 blockade elicits FoxP3+ Treg conversion and memory T cells elicit CD40-independent alloantibody responses. Finally, several novel cosignaling pathways have been demonstrated to be important to graft-specific T cells, including CD160, signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 2B4, T-cell Ig mucin 4, and the Notch receptor. SUMMARY Recent work has provided more granular understanding of the CD28-CTLA-4 and CD40-CD154 pathways on T-cell subsets, and provided important insight into the generation and maintenance of FoxP3+ Treg. This information, as well as the characterization of novel transplantation-relevant cosignaling pathways, has implications for the modulation of alloreactive T-cell responses.
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Yeung MY, Ding Q, Brooks CR, Xiao S, Workman CJ, Vignali DA, Ueno T, Padera RF, Kuchroo VK, Najafian N, Rothstein DM. TIM-1 signaling is required for maintenance and induction of regulatory B cells. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:942-53. [PMID: 25645598 PMCID: PMC4530122 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Apart from their role in humoral immunity, B cells can exhibit IL-10-dependent regulatory activity (Bregs). These regulatory subpopulations have been shown to inhibit inflammation and allograft rejection. However, our understanding of Bregs has been hampered by their rarity, lack of a specific marker, and poor insight into their induction and maintenance. We previously demonstrated that T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-1 (TIM-1) identifies over 70% of IL-10-producing B cells, irrespective of other markers. We now show that TIM-1 is the primary receptor responsible for Breg induction by apoptotic cells (ACs). However, B cells that express a mutant form of TIM-1 lacking the mucin domain (TIM-1(Δmucin) ) exhibit decreased phosphatidylserine binding and are unable to produce IL-10 in response to ACs or by specific ligation with anti-TIM-1. TIM-1(Δmucin) mice also exhibit accelerated allograft rejection, which appears to be due in part to their defect in both baseline and induced IL-10(+) Bregs, since a single transfer of WT TIM-1(+) B cells can restore long-term graft survival. These data suggest that TIM-1 signaling plays a direct role in Breg maintenance and induction both under physiological conditions (in response to ACs) and in response to therapy through TIM-1 ligation. Moreover, they directly demonstrate that the mucin domain regulates TIM-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Y. Yeung
- Transplantation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qing Ding
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Departments of Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Craig R. Brooks
- Renal Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Center for Neurologic Disease, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Creg J. Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dario A.A. Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Takuya Ueno
- Transplantation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert F. Padera
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vijay K. Kuchroo
- Center for Neurologic Disease, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nader Najafian
- Transplantation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA
| | - David M. Rothstein
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Departments of Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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35
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Regulation of T cell trafficking by the T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 glycoprotein. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:675-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Thornley TB, Fang Z, Balasubramanian S, Larocca RA, Gong W, Gupta S, Csizmadia E, Degauque N, Kim BS, Koulmanda M, Kuchroo VK, Strom TB. Fragile TIM-4-expressing tissue resident macrophages are migratory and immunoregulatory. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3443-54. [PMID: 24983317 DOI: 10.1172/jci73527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages characterized as M2 and M2-like regulate immune responses associated with immune suppression and healing; however, the relationship of this macrophage subset to CD169+ tissue-resident macrophages and their contribution to shaping alloimmune responses is unknown. Here we identified a population of M2-like tissue-resident macrophages that express high levels of the phosphatidylserine receptor TIM-4 and CD169 (TIM-4hiCD169+). Labeling and tracking of TIM-4hiCD169+ macrophages in mice revealed that this population is a major subset of tissue-resident macrophages, homes to draining LNs following oxidative stress, exhibits an immunoregulatory and hypostimulatory phenotype that is maintained after migration to secondary lymphoid organs, favors preferential induction of antigen-stimulated Tregs, and is highly susceptible to apoptosis. Moreover, CD169+ tissue-resident macrophages were resistant to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in mice lacking TIM-4. Compared with heart allografts from WT mice, Tim4-/- heart allografts survived much longer and were more easily tolerized by non-immunosuppressed recipients. Furthermore, Tim4-/- allograft survival was associated with the infiltration of Tregs into the graft. Together, our data provide evidence that M2-like TIM-4hiCD169+ tissue-resident macrophages are immunoregulatory and promote engraftment of cardiac allografts, but their influence is diminished by TIM-4-dependent programmed cell death.
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Chalasani G, Rothstein D. Non-Antibody Mediated Roles of B Cells in Allograft Survival. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-014-0020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Esposito P, Grosjean F, Rampino T, Libetta C, Gregorini M, Fasoli G, Marchi G, Sileno G, Montagna F, Dal Canton A. Costimulatory pathways in kidney transplantation: pathogenetic role, clinical significance and new therapeutic opportunities. Int Rev Immunol 2014; 33:212-33. [PMID: 24127878 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.829470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Costimulatory pathways play a key role in immunity, providing the second signal required for a full activation of adaptive immune response. Different costimulatory families (CD28, TNF-related, adhesion and TIM molecules), characterized by structural and functional analogies, have been described. Costimulatory molecules modulate T cell activation, B cell function, Ig production, cytokine release and many other processes, including atherosclerosis. Patients suffering from renal diseases present significant alterations of the costimulatory pathways, which might make them particularly liable to infections. These alterations are further pronounced in patients undergoing kidney transplantation. In these patients, different costimulatory patterns have been related to distinct clinical features. The importance that costimulation has gained during the last years has led to development of several pharmacological approaches to modulate this critical step in the immune activation. Different drugs, mainly monoclonal antibodies targeting various costimulatory molecules (i.e. anti-CD80, CTLA-4 fusion proteins, anti-CD154, anti-CD40, etc.) were designed and tested in both experimental and clinical studies. The results of these studies highlighted some criticisms, but also some promising findings and now costimulatory blockade is considered a suitable strategy, with belatacept (a CTLA-4 fusion protein) being approved as the first costimulatory blocker for use in renal transplantation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on costimulatory pathways in the setting of kidney transplantation. We describe the principal costimulatory molecule families, their role and clinical significance in patients undergoing renal transplantation and the new therapeutic approaches that have been developed to modulate the costimulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Esposito
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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Gong W, Ge F, Liu D, Wu Y, Liu F, Kim BS, Huang T, Koulmanda M, Robson SC, Strom TB. Role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in mouse pre-sensitized cardiac transplant model. Clin Immunol 2014; 153:8-16. [PMID: 24691417 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Harness of sensitized transplantation remains a clinical challenge particularly in parallel with prolonged cold ischemia time (PCI)-mediated injury. Our present study was to test the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in mouse pre-sensitized transplantation. Our findings revealed that CD11b+Gr1(low) MDSC was shown to have strong suppressive activity. MDSCs subsets from the tolerated mice exhibited higher suppressive capacities compared with counterparts from naive (untreated) mice. Depletion of Tregs could not affect splenic CD11b+Gr1(-low) MDSC frequency, but increase peripheral and intragraft CD11b+Gr1(-low) frequency. Intriguingly, boost of Tregs remarkably caused an increase of CD11b+Gr1(-low) frequency in the graft, peripheral blood, and spleen. Furthermore, peripheral CD11b+Gr1(-low) cells were massively accumulated at the early stage when allogeneic immune response was enhanced. Taken together, MDSCs could prevent grafts from PCI-mediated injury independent on Tregs in the pre-sensitized transplant recipients. Utilization of MDSC subset particularly CD11b+Gr1(-low) might provide a novel insight into improving graft outcome under such clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Gong
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Transplant International Research Centre (TIRC), Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China; Departments of Medicine, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Fangmin Ge
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Transplant International Research Centre (TIRC), Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahai Liu
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- Departments of Medicine, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Fangbing Liu
- Department of Hemotology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tao Huang
- Departments of Medicine, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Maria Koulmanda
- Departments of Medicine, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Departments of Medicine, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Terry B Strom
- Departments of Medicine, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Vergani A, Gatti F, Lee KM, D'Addio F, Tezza S, Chin M, Bassi R, Tian Z, Wu E, Maffi P, Ben Nasr M, Kim JI, Secchi A, Markmann JF, Rothstein DM, Turka LA, Sayegh MH, Fiorina P. TIM4 Regulates the Anti-Islet Th2 Alloimmune Response. Cell Transplant 2014; 24:1599-1614. [PMID: 24612609 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x678571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the novel costimulatory molecule TIM4 in anti-islet response is unknown. We explored TIM4 expression and targeting in Th1 (BALB/c islets into C57BL/6 mice) and Th2 (BALB/c islets into Tbet(-/-) C57BL/6 mice) models of anti-islet alloimmune response and in a model of anti-islet autoimmune response (diabetes onset in NOD mice). The targeting of TIM4, using the monoclonal antibody RMT4-53, promotes islet graft survival in a Th1 model, with 30% of the graft surviving in the long term; islet graft protection appears to be mediated by a Th1 to Th2 skewing of the immune response. Differently, in the Th2 model, TIM4 targeting precipitates graft rejection by further enhancing the Th2 response. The effect of anti-TIM4 treatment in preventing autoimmune diabetes was marginal with only minor Th1 to Th2 skewing. B-Cell depletion abolished the effect of TIM4 targeting. TIM4 is expressed on human B-cells and is upregulated in diabetic and islet-transplanted patients. Our data suggest a model in which TIM4 targeting promotes Th2 response over Th1 via B-cells. The targeting of TIM4 could become a component of an immunoregulatory protocol in clinical islet transplantation, aiming at redirecting the immune system toward a Th2 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vergani
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Transplant Medicine, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Francesca Gatti
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Kang M Lee
- Transplant Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Francesca D'Addio
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Transplant Medicine, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Sara Tezza
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Melissa Chin
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ze Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58104, USA
| | - Paola Maffi
- Transplant Medicine, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Moufida Ben Nasr
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - James I Kim
- Transplant Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Antonio Secchi
- Transplant Medicine, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, 20132, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - James F Markmann
- Transplant Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - David M Rothstein
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, US
| | - Laurence A Turka
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mohamed H Sayegh
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Transplant Medicine, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, 20132, Italy
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Tan X, Jie Y, Zhang Y, Qin Y, Xu Q, Pan Z. Tim-1 blockade with RMT1-10 increases T regulatory cells and prolongs the survival of high-risk corneal allografts in mice. Exp Eye Res 2014; 122:86-93. [PMID: 24613782 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Anti-Tim-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) RMT1-10 is effective in promoting allograft survival through blocking Tim-1. However, its role in corneal transplantation is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effect of RMT1-10 on high-risk corneal transplantation. BALB/c mice were transplanted with corneal grafts from C57BL/6 mice and intraperitoneally injected with RMT1-10 or isotype IgG. The transparency of corneal graft was evaluated by slit lamp biomicroscopy. Flow cytometry was used to determine the phenotype of CD4(+) T cells, including CD154, Tim-3, CD25 and Foxp3, and to analyze the proliferation capacity of CD4(+) T cells and the suppressive capacity of T regulatory (Treg) cells. The levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) were investigated by intracellular staining and/or ELISA assay. The delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response was evaluated by ear swelling assay. RMT1-10 therapy delayed the onset of rejection and significantly prolonged the survival of corneal allograft. In RMT1-10 treated mice, percentages of CD4(+)CD154(+) cells and CD4(+)Tim-3(+) cells were significantly decreased while the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells was significantly up-regulated, compared with those of isotype IgG treated mice. And, in vitro proliferation of CD4(+) T cells was significantly inhibited by RMT1-10. In addition, percentage of intracellular expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 in CD4(+) T cells isolated from RMT1-10 treated mice was significantly reduced. After co-culturing with RMT1-10 in vitro, CD4(+) T cells produced significantly decreased levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 and significantly increased levels of TGF-β1. Furthermore, RMT1-10 inhibited DTH response of recipient mice and enhanced the suppressive capacity of Treg cells isolated from RMT1-10 treated mice. Our data indicate that Tim-1 blockade with RMT1-10 could suppress immunological rejection and prolong the survival of corneal allograft through regulating T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Tan
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmic and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, PR China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, PR China
| | - Ying Jie
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmic and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Yingnan Zhang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmic and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Yi Qin
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmic and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Qing Xu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmic and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmic and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, PR China.
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Abdoli R, Najafian N. T Helper Cells Fate Mapping by Co-stimulatory Molecules and its Functions in Allograft Rejection and Tolerance. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2014; 5:97-110. [PMID: 25184030 PMCID: PMC4149737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell differentiation is dictated by a combination of T cell receptor (TCR) interaction with an antigen-bound major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and co-stimulatory molecules signal. The co-stimulatory signal can be positive or negative, and amplifying or diminishing the initial signal. However, the secondary co-stimulatory signal is not obligatory and its necessity is dictated, in part, by the stage of T cell development. In the field of transplantation, directing the T cell differentiation process can lead to therapeutic possibilities that promote allograft tolerance, and hinder unfavorable alloimmune responses. Therefore, understanding the details of T cell differentiation process, including the influence of co-stimulatory signals, is of paramount importance. It is important to note there is functional overlap between co-stimulatory molecules. It has been observed that some co-stimulatory signals have different effects on different T cell subsets. Hence, blockade of a co-stimulatory signal pathway, as part of a therapeutic regimen in transplantation, may have far reaching effects beyond the initial therapeutic intent and inhibit co-stimulatory signals necessary for desirable regulatory responses. In this review, co-stimulatory molecules involved in the differentiation of naïve T cells into T helper 1 (Th1), T helper 2 (Th2), T helper 17 (Th17), inducible regulatory T cells (iTregs), and T helper 9 (Th9) cells and their overlap are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Abdoli
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02445, USA
| | - N. Najafian
- Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd. Weston, FL 33331, USA
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Chesneau M, Michel L, Degauque N, Brouard S. Regulatory B cells and tolerance in transplantation: from animal models to human. Front Immunol 2013; 4:497. [PMID: 24427159 PMCID: PMC3876023 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, the role of B cells in transplantation was thought to be restricted to producing antibodies that have been clearly shown to be deleterious in the long-term, but, in fact, B cells are also able to produce cytokine and to present antigen. Their role as regulatory cells in various pathological situations has also been highlighted, and their role in transplantation is beginning to emerge in animal, and also in human, models. This review summarizes the different studies in animals and humans that suggest a B-cell regulatory role in the transplant tolerance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Chesneau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France ; Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Laure Michel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire , Nantes , France
| | - Nicolas Degauque
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie , Nantes , France ; Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire , Nantes , France
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Ajay AK, Kim TM, Ramirez-Gonzalez V, Park PJ, Frank DA, Vaidya VS. A bioinformatics approach identifies signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and checkpoint kinase 1 as upstream regulators of kidney injury molecule-1 after kidney injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 25:105-18. [PMID: 24158981 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1)/T cell Ig and mucin domain-containing protein-1 (TIM-1) is upregulated more than other proteins after AKI, and it is highly expressed in renal damage of various etiologies. In this capacity, KIM-1/TIM-1 acts as a phosphatidylserine receptor on the surface of injured proximal tubular epithelial cells, mediating phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, and it may also act as a costimulatory molecule for immune cells. Despite recognition of KIM-1 as an important therapeutic target for kidney disease, the regulators of KIM-1 transcription in the kidney remain unknown. Using a bioinformatics approach, we identified upstream regulators of KIM-1 after AKI. In response to tubular injury in rat and human kidneys or oxidant stress in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HPTECs), KIM-1 expression increased significantly in a manner that corresponded temporally and regionally with increased phosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and STAT3. Both ischemic and oxidant stress resulted in a dramatic increase in reactive oxygen species that phosphorylated and activated Chk1, which subsequently bound to STAT3, phosphorylating it at S727. Furthermore, STAT3 bound to the KIM-1 promoter after ischemic and oxidant stress, and pharmacological or genetic induction of STAT3 in HPTECs increased KIM-1 mRNA and protein levels. Conversely, inhibition of STAT3 using siRNAs or dominant negative mutants reduced KIM-1 expression in a kidney cancer cell line (769-P) that expresses high basal levels of KIM-1. These observations highlight Chk1 and STAT3 as critical upstream regulators of KIM-1 expression after AKI and may suggest novel approaches for therapeutic intervention.
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Presensitized Immune Condition of Host Exaggerates Prolonged Cold Ischemia-Mediated Injury of Cardiac Graft Involving Regulatory T Cells. Transplantation 2013; 96:609-15. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31829df26d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the new findings about the physiological roles of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and the rapidly expanding evidence for this molecule as a promising biomarker in preclinical kidney toxicity evaluation and various human kidney diseases. RECENT FINDINGS KIM-1 has attracted increasing interest because of its possible pathophysiological role in modulating tubular damage and repair. There is rapidly accumulating evidence from both animal models and clinical studies that urinary KIM-1 is a sensitive and specific urinary biomarker for various forms of nephrotoxic injury, cardiac surgery-induced kidney injury, transplant rejection, and chronic kidney diseases. SUMMARY KIM-1 mediates epithelial phagocytosis in the injured kidney converting the proximal epithelial cell into a phagocyte, with potentially important pathophysiological implications for modulation of the immune response and repair process after injury. KIM-1 serves as a highly sensitive and specific urinary biomarker for kidney injury and may also be a therapeutic target for various kidney diseases.
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Soulillou JP, Giral M, Brouard S. Operational Tolerance in Kidney Transplantation—Improved Terminology May Enable More Precise Investigation. Transplantation 2013; 96:e36-8. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31829f75c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jin ZK, Tian PX, Wang XZ, Xue WJ, Ding XM, Zheng J, Ding CG, Mao TC, Duan WL, Xi M. Kidney injury molecule-1 and osteopontin: New markers for prediction of early kidney transplant rejection. Mol Immunol 2013; 54:457-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Galectin-9-mediated protection from allo-specific T cells as a mechanism of immune privilege of corneal allografts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63620. [PMID: 23667648 PMCID: PMC3646846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The eye is an immune-privileged organ, and corneal transplantation is therefore one of the most successful organ transplantation. The immunosuppressive intraocular microenvironment is known as one of the mechanisms underlying immune privilege in the eye. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim)-3 is a regulatory molecule for T-cell function, and galectin (Gal)-9 is a Tim-3 ligand. We investigated the role of this pathway in establishing the immune-privileged status of corneal allografts in mice. Gal-9 is constitutively expressed on the corneal epithelium, endothelium and iris-ciliary body in normal mouse eyes and eyes bearing surviving allografts, and Tim-3 was expressed on CD8 T cells infiltrating the allografts. Allograft survival in recipients treated with anti-Tim-3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or anti-Gal-9 mAb was significantly shorter than that in control recipients. In vitro, destruction of corneal endothelial cells by allo-reactive T cells was enhanced when the cornea was pretreated with anti-Gal-9 mAb. Blockade of Tim-3 or Gal-9 did not abolish anterior chamber-associated immune deviation. We propose that constitutive expression of Gal-9 plays an immunosuppressive role in corneal allografts. Gal-9 expressed on corneal endothelial cells protects them from destruction by allo-reactive T cells within the cornea.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Achieving allograft tolerance is the holy grail of transplantation. However, tolerance and rejection are two extreme ends of a scale that can be tipped in either direction. We review the novel effector and regulatory mechanisms involved and factors that tip the balance in favor of rejection or regulation. RECENT FINDINGS It is increasingly recognized that established T-cell phenotypes could change their commitments. New data point to the plasticity of Th17 cells in vivo with a reciprocal balance of Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) driven by the local cytokine environment. Treg-cell profiles have been linked to acute and chronic allograft outcomes, and emerging data also indicate a novel role of a regulatory B-cell population. Current research efforts are looking into factors that tip the balance toward allograft tolerance by targeting cytokines, novel costimulatory pathways such as T-cell immunoglobulin mucin molecules, and components of innate immunity, particularly dendritic cells. SUMMARY The balance of effector and regulatory mechanisms contributing to allograft outcome is very complex. It is likely that targeting multiple pathways will be required to achieve tolerance. Further studies are warranted to define this balance and identify optimal combination of therapeutic interventions.
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