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Abe T, Sarentonglaga B, Nagao Y. Advancements in medical research using fetal sheep: Implications for human health and treatment methods. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13945. [PMID: 38651196 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Sheep are typically considered as industrial animals that provide wool and meals. However, they play a significant role in medical research in addition to their conventional use. Notably, sheep fetuses are resistant to surgical invasions and can endure numerous manipulations, such as needle puncture and cell transplantation, and surgical operations requiring exposure beyond the uterus. Based on these distinguishing characteristics, we established a chimeric sheep model capable of producing human/monkey pluripotent cell-derived blood cells via the fetal liver. Furthermore, sheep have become crucial as human fetal models, acting as platforms for developing and improving techniques for intrauterine surgery to address congenital disorders and clarifying the complex pharmacokinetic interactions between mothers and their fetuses. This study emphasizes the significant contributions of fetal sheep to advancing human disease understanding and treatment strategies, highlighting their unique characteristics that are not present in other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Abe
- Open Science Laboratory, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Yoshikazu Nagao
- Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
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2
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Hasanzadeh A, Ebadati A, Dastanpour L, Aref AR, Sahandi Zangabad P, Kalbasi A, Dai X, Mehta G, Ghasemi A, Fatahi Y, Joshi S, Hamblin MR, Karimi M. Applications of Innovation Technologies for Personalized Cancer Medicine: Stem Cells and Gene-Editing Tools. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1758-1779. [PMID: 38093832 PMCID: PMC10714436 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Personalized medicine is a new approach toward safer and even cheaper treatments with minimal side effects and toxicity. Planning a therapy based on individual properties causes an effective result in a patient's treatment, especially in a complex disease such as cancer. The benefits of personalized medicine include not only early diagnosis with high accuracy but also a more appropriate and effective therapeutic approach based on the unique clinical, genetic, and epigenetic features and biomarker profiles of a specific patient's disease. In order to achieve personalized cancer therapy, understanding cancer biology plays an important role. One of the crucial applications of personalized medicine that has gained consideration more recently due to its capability in developing disease therapy is related to the field of stem cells. We review various applications of pluripotent, somatic, and cancer stem cells in personalized medicine, including targeted cancer therapy, cancer modeling, diagnostics, and drug screening. CRISPR-Cas gene-editing technology is then discussed as a state-of-the-art biotechnological advance with substantial impacts on medical and therapeutic applications. As part of this section, the role of CRISPR-Cas genome editing in recent cancer studies is reviewed as a further example of personalized medicine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Hasanzadeh
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Advances
Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Arefeh Ebadati
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Advances
Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Lida Dastanpour
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Advances
Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Amir R. Aref
- Department
of Medical Oncology and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Parham Sahandi Zangabad
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alireza Kalbasi
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Dai
- School of
Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial
Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Rogel Cancer
Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Precision
Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif
University of Technology, Tehran 14588, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology
Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14166, Iran
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14166, Iran
- Universal
Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 14166, Iran
| | - Suhasini Joshi
- Chemical
Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research
Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University
of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Radiation
Biology Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Oncopathology
Research Center, Iran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Research
Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14166, Iran
- Applied
Biotechnology Research Centre, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14166, Iran
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Jiang Z, Xu Y, Fu M, Zhu D, Li N, Yang G. Genetically modified cell spheroids for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. J Control Release 2023; 354:588-605. [PMID: 36657601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell spheroids offer cell-to-cell interactions and show advantages in survival rate and paracrine effect to solve clinical and biomedical inquiries ranging from tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to disease pathophysiology. Therefore, cell spheroids are ideal vehicles for gene delivery. Genetically modified spheroids can enhance specific gene expression to promote tissue regeneration. Gene deliveries to cell spheroids are via viral vectors or non-viral vectors. Some new technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 also have been used in genetically modified methods to deliver exogenous gene to the host chromosome. It has been shown that genetically modified cell spheroids had the potential to differentiate into bone, cartilage, vascular, nerve, cardiomyocytes, skin, and skeletal muscle as well as organs like the liver to replace the diseased organ in the animal and pre-clinical trials. This article reviews the recent articles about genetically modified spheroid cells and explains the fabrication, applications, development timeline, limitations, and future directions of genetically modified cell spheroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Jiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Mengdie Fu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Danji Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Na Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Guoli Yang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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L- myc Gene Expression in Canine Fetal Fibroblasts Promotes Self-Renewal Capacity but Not Tumor Formation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081980. [PMID: 34440750 PMCID: PMC8391401 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Canines are useful in mammalian preclinical studies because they are larger than rodents and share many diseases with humans. Canine fetal fibroblast cells (CFFs) are an easily accessible source of somatic cells. However, they are easily driven to senescence and become unusable with continuous in vitro culture. Therefore, to overcome these deficiencies, we investigated whether tetracycline-inducible L-myc gene expression promotes self-renewal activity and tumorigenicity in the production of induced conditional self-renewing fibroblast cells (iCSFCs). Here, we describe the characterization of a new iCSFC line immortalized by transduction with L-myc that displays in vitro self-renewal ability without tumorigenic capacity. We established conditionally inducible self-renewing fibroblast cells by transducing CFF-3 cells with L-myc under the tetracycline-inducible gene expression system. In the absence of doxycycline, the cells did not express L-myc or undergo self-renewal. The iCSFCs had a fibroblast-like morphology, normal chromosome pattern, and expressed fibroblast-specific genes and markers. However, the iCSFCs did not form tumors in a soft agar colony-forming assay. We observed higher expression of three ES modules (core pluripotency genes, polycomb repressive complex genes (PRC), and MYC-related genes) in the iCSFCs than in the CFF-3 cells; in particular, the core pluripotency genes (OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG) were markedly up-regulated compared with the PRC and MYC module genes. These results demonstrated that, in canine fetal fibroblasts, L-myc tetracycline-inducible promoter-driven gene expression induces self-renewal capacity but not tumor formation. This study suggests that L-myc gene-induced conditional self-renewing fibroblast cells can be used as an in vitro tool in a variety of biomedical studies related to drug screening.
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Anurogo D, Yuli Prasetyo Budi N, Thi Ngo MH, Huang YH, Pawitan JA. Cell and Gene Therapy for Anemia: Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Gene Editing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126275. [PMID: 34200975 PMCID: PMC8230702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary anemia has various manifestations, such as sickle cell disease (SCD), Fanconi anemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD), and thalassemia. The available management strategies for these disorders are still unsatisfactory and do not eliminate the main causes. As genetic aberrations are the main causes of all forms of hereditary anemia, the optimal approach involves repairing the defective gene, possibly through the transplantation of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from a normal matching donor or through gene therapy approaches (either in vivo or ex vivo) to correct the patient’s HSCs. To clearly illustrate the importance of cell and gene therapy in hereditary anemia, this paper provides a review of the genetic aberration, epidemiology, clinical features, current management, and cell and gene therapy endeavors related to SCD, thalassemia, Fanconi anemia, and G6PDD. Moreover, we expound the future research direction of HSC derivation from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), strategies to edit HSCs, gene therapy risk mitigation, and their clinical perspectives. In conclusion, gene-corrected hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has promising outcomes for SCD, Fanconi anemia, and thalassemia, and it may overcome the limitation of the source of allogenic bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dito Anurogo
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (D.A.); (N.Y.P.B.); (M.-H.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar 90221, Indonesia
| | - Nova Yuli Prasetyo Budi
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (D.A.); (N.Y.P.B.); (M.-H.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Mai-Huong Thi Ngo
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (D.A.); (N.Y.P.B.); (M.-H.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (D.A.); (N.Y.P.B.); (M.-H.T.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.H.); (J.A.P.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3150) (Y.-H.H.); +62-812-9535-0097 (J.A.P.)
| | - Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.H.); (J.A.P.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3150) (Y.-H.H.); +62-812-9535-0097 (J.A.P.)
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Raghav PK, Mann Z. Cancer stem cells targets and combined therapies to prevent cancer recurrence. Life Sci 2021; 277:119465. [PMID: 33831426 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) control the dynamics of tumorigenesis by self-renewal ability and differentiation potential. These properties contribute towards tumor malignancy, metastasis, cellular heterogeneity, and immune escape, which are regulated by multiple signaling pathways. The CSCs are chemoresistant and cause cancer recurrence, generally recognized as a small side-population that eventually leads to tumor relapse. Despite many treatment options available, none can be considered entirely efficient due to a lack of specificity and dose limitation. This review primarily highlights the processes involved in CSCs development and maintenance. Secondly, the current effective therapies based on stem cells, cell-free therapies that involve exosomes and miRNAs, and photodynamic therapy have been discussed. Also, the inhibitors that specifically target various signaling pathways, which can be used in combination to control CSCs kinetics have been highlighted. Conclusively, this comprehensive review is a detailed study of recently developed novel treatment strategies that will facilitate in coming up with better-targeted approaches against CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoya Mann
- Independent Researcher, New Delhi, India
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7
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A novel DNA methylation-based model that effectively predicts prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227938. [PMID: 33634306 PMCID: PMC7955104 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To build a novel predictive model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients based on DNA methylation data. METHODS Four independent DNA methylation datasets for HCC were used to screen for common differentially methylated genes (CDMGs). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were used to explore the biological roles of CDMGs in HCC. Univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox analysis were performed to identify survival-related CDMGs (SR-CDMGs) and to build a predictive model. The importance of this model was assessed using Cox regression analysis, propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis and stratification analysis. A validation group from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was constructed to further validate the model. RESULTS Four SR-CDMGs were identified and used to build the predictive model. The risk score of this model was calculated as follows: risk score = (0.01489826 × methylation level of WDR69) + (0.15868618 × methylation level of HOXB4) + (0.16674959 × methylation level of CDKL2) + (0.16689301 × methylation level of HOXA10). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients in the low-risk group had a significantly longer overall survival (OS; log-rank P-value =0.00071). The Cox model multivariate analysis and PSM analysis identified the risk score as an independent prognostic factor (P<0.05). Stratified analysis results further confirmed this model performed well. By analyzing the validation group, the results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and survival analysis further validated this model. CONCLUSION Our DNA methylation-based prognosis predictive model is effective and reliable in predicting prognosis for patients with HCC.
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Comparative engraftment and clonality of macaque HSPCs expanded on human umbilical vein endothelial cells versus non-expanded cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 20:703-715. [PMID: 33738325 PMCID: PMC7937567 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ex vivo hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) expansion platforms are under active development, designed to increase HSPC numbers and thus engraftment ability of allogeneic cord blood grafts or autologous HSPCs for gene therapies. Murine and in vitro models have not correlated well with clinical outcomes of HSPC expansion, emphasizing the need for relevant pre-clinical models. Our rhesus macaque HSPC competitive autologous transplantation model utilizing genetically barcoded HSPC allows direct analysis of the relative short and long-term engraftment ability of lentivirally transduced HSPCs, along with additional critical characteristics such as HSPC clonal diversity and lineage bias. We investigated the impact of ex vivo expansion of macaque HSPCs on the engineered endothelial cell line (E-HUVECs) platform regarding safety, engraftment of transduced and E-HUVEC-expanded HSPC over time compared to non-expanded HSPC for up to 51 months post-transplantation, and both clonal diversity and lineage distribution of output from each engrafted cell source. Short and long-term engraftment were comparable for E-HUVEC expanded and the non-expanded HSPCs in both animals, despite extensive proliferation of CD34+ cells during 8 days of ex vivo culture for the E-HUVEC HSPCs, and optimization of harvesting and infusion of HSPCs co-cultured on E-HUVEC in the second animal. Long-term hematopoietic output from both E-HUVEC expanded and unexpanded HSPCs was highly polyclonal and multilineage. Overall, the comparable HSPC kinetics of macaques to humans, the ability to study post-transplant clonal patterns, and simultaneous multi-arm comparisons of grafts without the complication of interpreting allogeneic effects makes our model ideal to test ex vivo HSPC expansion platforms, particularly for gene therapy applications.
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Graves SS, Storb R. Developments and translational relevance for the canine haematopoietic cell transplantation preclinical model. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:471-483. [PMID: 32385957 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of safe and reliable haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) protocols to treat human patients with malignant and non-malignant blood disorders was highly influenced by preclinical studies obtained in random-bred canines. The surmounted barriers included recognizing the crucial importance of histocompatibility matching, establishing long-term donor haematopoietic cell engraftment, preventing graft-vs-host disease and advancing effective conditioning and post-grafting immunosuppression protocols, all of which were evaluated in canines. Recent studies have applied the tolerance inducing potential of HCT to solid organ and vascularized composite tissue transplantation. Several advances in HCT and tolerance induction that were first developed in the canine preclinical model and subsequently applied to human patients are now being recruited into veterinary practice for the treatment of malignant and non-malignant disorders in companion dogs. Here, we review recent HCT advancements attained in the canine model during the past 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Graves
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rainer Storb
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Elcheva IA, Wood T, Chiarolanzio K, Chim B, Wong M, Singh V, Gowda CP, Lu Q, Hafner M, Dovat S, Liu Z, Muljo SA, Spiegelman VS. RNA-binding protein IGF2BP1 maintains leukemia stem cell properties by regulating HOXB4, MYB, and ALDH1A1. Leukemia 2019; 34:1354-1363. [PMID: 31768017 PMCID: PMC7196026 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) is an oncofetal protein expressed in various cancers including leukemia. In this study, we assessed the role of IGF2BP1 in orchestrating leukemia stem cell properties. Tumor-initiating potential, sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, and expression of cancer stem cell markers were assessed in a panel of myeloid, B-, and T-cell leukemia cell lines using gain- and loss-of-function systems, cross-linking immunoprecipitation (CLIP), and photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) techniques. Here, we report that genetic or chemical inhibition of IGF2BP1 decreases leukemia cells' tumorigenicity, promotes myeloid differentiation, increases leukemia cell death, and sensitizes leukemia cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. IGF2BP1 affects proliferation and tumorigenic potential of leukemia cells through critical regulators of self-renewal HOXB4 and MYB and through regulation of expression of the aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH1A1. Our data indicate that IGF2BP1 maintains leukemia stem cell properties by regulating multiple pathways of stemness through transcriptional and metabolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Elcheva
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Tyler Wood
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn Chiarolanzio
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Bryan Chim
- Integrative Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Madeline Wong
- Integrative Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vikash Singh
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chethana P Gowda
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Qingli Lu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Markus Hafner
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Stefan A Muljo
- Integrative Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vladimir S Spiegelman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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The Actin Binding Protein Plastin-3 Is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111663. [PMID: 31717802 PMCID: PMC6895973 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia-initiating cells reside within the bone marrow in specialized niches where they undergo complex interactions with their surrounding stromal cells. We have identified the actin-binding protein Plastin-3 (PLS3) as potential player within the leukemic bone marrow niche and investigated its functional role in acute myeloid leukemia. High expression of PLS3 was associated with a poor overall and event-free survival for AML patients. These findings were supported by functional in vitro and in vivo experiments. AML cells with a PLS3 knockdown showed significantly reduced colony numbers in vitro while the PLS3 overexpression variants resulted in significantly enhanced colony numbers compared to their respective controls. Furthermore, the survival of NSG mice transplanted with the PLS3 knockdown cells showed a significantly prolonged survival in comparison to mice transplanted with the control AML cells. Further studies should focus on the underlying leukemia-promoting mechanisms and investigate PLS3 as therapeutic target.
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Yabe IM, Truitt LL, Espinoza DA, Wu C, Koelle S, Panch S, Corat MA, Winkler T, Yu KR, Hong SG, Bonifacino A, Krouse A, Metzger M, Donahue RE, Dunbar CE. Barcoding of Macaque Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells: A Robust Platform to Assess Vector Genotoxicity. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 11:143-154. [PMID: 30547048 PMCID: PMC6258888 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapies using integrating retrovirus vectors to modify hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells have shown great promise for the treatment of immune system and hematologic diseases. However, activation of proto-oncogenes via insertional mutagenesis has resulted in the development of leukemia. We have utilized cellular bar coding to investigate the impact of different vector designs on the clonal behavior of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) during in vivo expansion, as a quantitative surrogate assay for genotoxicity in a non-human primate model with high relevance for human biology. We transplanted two rhesus macaques with autologous CD34+ HSPCs transduced with three lentiviral vectors containing different promoters and/or enhancers of a predicted range of genotoxicities, each containing a high-diversity barcode library that uniquely tags each individual transduced HSPC. Analysis of clonal output from thousands of individual HSPCs transduced with these barcoded vectors revealed sustained clonal diversity, with no progressive dominance of clones containing any of the three vectors for up to almost 3 years post-transplantation. Our data support a low genotoxic risk for lentivirus vectors in HSPCs, even those containing strong promoters and/or enhancers. Additionally, this flexible system can be used for the testing of future vector designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idalia M. Yabe
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Lauren L. Truitt
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Diego A. Espinoza
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chuanfeng Wu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samson Koelle
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sandhya Panch
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marcus A.F. Corat
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-877, Brazil
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyung-Rok Yu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - So Gun Hong
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aylin Bonifacino
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Allen Krouse
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Metzger
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert E. Donahue
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cynthia E. Dunbar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author: Cynthia E. Dunbar, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Building 10 CRC Room 4E-5132, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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13
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In vivo selection with lentiviral expression of Bcl2 T69A/S70A/S87A mutant in hematopoietic stem cell-transplanted mice. Gene Ther 2018. [PMID: 29523881 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-018-0008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Current in vivo selections for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-based gene therapy are drug dependent and not without risk of cytotoxicity or tumorigenesis. We developed a new in vivo selection system with the non-phosphorylatable Bcl2 mutant Bcl2T69A/S70A/S87A (Bcl2AAA), which makes in vivo selection drug independent and without risk of cytotoxicity or tumorigenesis. We demonstrated in HSC-transplanted mice that Bcl2AAA facilitated efficient in vivo selection in the absence of any exogenously applied drugs under both myeloablative and non-myeloablative conditioning. In mice transplanted with retrovirally transduced sca-1-positive bone marrow cells, the marked cell level increased from 26.38% of input transduced cells to 92.61 ± 0.95% of peripheral blood cells for myeloablative transplantation or to 37.82 ± 6.35% for non-myeloablative transplantation 6 months after transplantation. Bcl2AAA did not induce tumorigenesis and does not influence hematopoiesis and the function of the reconstituted blood system. However, the high-level constitutive expression of Bcl2AAA mediated by retroviral vector induced exhaustion of the marked cells after tertiary transplantation. Fortunately, low-level constitutive expression of Bcl2AAA driven by an internal promoter in lentiviral vector could both maintain the marked cell level (24.13 ± 5.27%, 27.17 ± 5.51%, 24.33 ± 5.08%, and 22.07 ± 4.44% for primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary recipients) and avoid the exhaustion of the marked cells even in quaternary recipients. Importantly, the low-level constitutive expression of Bcl2AAA did not induce tumorigenesis. Thus, the in vivo selection employing the low-level constitutive expression of Bcl2AAA provides a general platform which is relevant for widespread applications of gene therapy.
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14
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Clavreul A, Pourbaghi-Masouleh M, Roger E, Lautram N, Montero-Menei CN, Menei P. Human mesenchymal stromal cells as cellular drug-delivery vectors for glioblastoma therapy: a good deal? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:135. [PMID: 28962658 PMCID: PMC5622550 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GB) is the most malignant brain tumor in adults. It is characterized by angiogenesis and a high proliferative and invasive capacity. Standard therapy (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide) is of limited efficacy. Innovative anticancer drugs targeting both tumor cells and angiogenesis are urgently required, together with effective systems for their delivery to the brain. We assessed the ability of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to uptake the multikinase inhibitor, sorafenib (SFN), and to carry this drug to a brain tumor following intranasal administration. Method MSCs were primed with SFN and drug content and release were quantified by analytical chemistry techniques. The ability of SFN-primed MSCs to inhibit the survival of the human U87MG GB cell line and endothelial cells was assessed in in vitro assays. These cells were then administered intranasally to nude mice bearing intracerebral U87MG xenografts. Their effect on tumor growth and angiogenesis was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging and immunofluorescence analyses, and was compared with the intranasal administration of unprimed MSCs or SFN alone. Results MSCs took up about 9 pg SFN per cell, with no effect on viability, and were able to release 60% of the primed drug. The cytostatic activity of the released SFN was entirely conserved, resulting in a significant inhibition of U87MG and endothelial cell survival in vitro. Two intranasal administrations of SFN-primed MSCs in U87MG-bearing mice resulted in lower levels of tumor angiogenesis than the injection of unprimed MSCs or SFN alone, but had no effect on tumor volume. We also observed an increase in the proportion of small intratumoral vessels in animals treated with unprimed MSCs; this effect being abolished if the MSCs were primed with SFN. Conclusion We show the potential of MSCs to carry SFN to brain tumors following an intranasal administration. However, the therapeutic effect is modest probably due to the pro-tumorigenic properties of MSCs, which may limit the action of the released SFN. This calls into question the suitability of MSCs for use in GB therapy and renders it necessary to find methods guaranteeing the safety of this cellular vector after drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Clavreul
- Département de Neurochirurgie, CHU, Angers, France. .,CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.
| | - Milad Pourbaghi-Masouleh
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Division of Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emilie Roger
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Nolwenn Lautram
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | | | - Philippe Menei
- Département de Neurochirurgie, CHU, Angers, France.,CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
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15
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Alonso-Ferrero ME, van Til NP, Bartolovic K, Mata MF, Wagemaker G, Moulding D, Williams DA, Kinnon C, Waddington SN, Milsom MD, Howe SJ. Enhancement of mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell function via transient gene delivery using integration-deficient lentiviral vectors. Exp Hematol 2017; 57:21-29. [PMID: 28911908 PMCID: PMC5731634 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Integration-deficient vectors (IdLVs) express genes transiently in dividing stem cells. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) can be programmed using IdLVs. HOXB4 or Angptl3 expression from IdLVs improves engraftment of transplanted HSPCs. Short-term gene delivery avoids the side effects associated with constitutive expression.
Integration-deficient lentiviruses (IdLVs) deliver genes effectively to tissues but are lost rapidly from dividing cells. This property can be harnessed to express transgenes transiently to manipulate cell biology. Here, we demonstrate the utility of short-term gene expression to improve functional potency of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) during transplantation by delivering HOXB4 and Angptl3 using IdLVs to enhance the engraftment of HSPCs. Constitutive overexpression of either of these genes is likely to be undesirable, but the transient nature of IdLVs reduces this risk and those associated with unsolicited gene expression in daughter cells. Transient expression led to increased multilineage hematopoietic engraftment in in vivo competitive repopulation assays without the side effects reported in constitutive overexpression models. Adult stem cell fate has not been programmed previously using IdLVs, but we demonstrate that these transient gene expression tools can produce clinically relevant alterations or be applied to investigate basic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Alonso-Ferrero
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Niek P van Til
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kerol Bartolovic
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Márcia F Mata
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gerard Wagemaker
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Hacettepe University, Stem Cell Research and Development Center, Ankara, Turkey; Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dale Moulding
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - David A Williams
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Kinnon
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Simon N Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, University College London Institute for Women's Health, London, UK; Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michael D Milsom
- Experimental Hematology Group, Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM) and the German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Steven J Howe
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Gene Transfer Technology Group, University College London Institute for Women's Health, London, UK
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16
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Hit-and-run programming of therapeutic cytoreagents using mRNA nanocarriers. Nat Commun 2017; 8:389. [PMID: 28855514 PMCID: PMC5577173 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies based on immune cells have been applied for diseases ranging from cancer to diabetes. However, the viral and electroporation methods used to create cytoreagents are complex and expensive. Consequently, we develop targeted mRNA nanocarriers that are simply mixed with cells to reprogram them via transient expression. Here, we describe three examples to establish that the approach is simple and generalizable. First, we demonstrate that nanocarriers delivering mRNA encoding a genome-editing agent can efficiently knock-out selected genes in anti-cancer T-cells. Second, we imprint a long-lived phenotype exhibiting improved antitumor activities into T-cells by transfecting them with mRNAs that encode a key transcription factor of memory formation. Third, we show how mRNA nanocarriers can program hematopoietic stem cells with improved self-renewal properties. The simplicity of the approach contrasts with the complex protocols currently used to program therapeutic cells, so our methods will likely facilitate manufacturing of cytoreagents.Current widely used viral and electroporation methods for creating therapeutic cell-based products are complex and expensive. Here, the authors develop targeted mRNA nanocarriers that can transiently program gene expression by simply mixing them with cells, to improve their therapeutic potential.
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17
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Li F. Seeking the "mother of blood" from human pluripotent stem cells: Are we there yet? Genes Dis 2017; 4:123-124. [PMID: 30258915 PMCID: PMC6146206 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for the treatment of human diseases, including the failure of bone marrow. Incremental progress across the past three and half decades has brought us closer to making hematopoietic stem cells from iPSCs clinical solutions. A recent innovative two-step differentiation approach successfully generated transplantable HSCs from iPSC sources. For clinical translation, the long-term safety of these gene-altered HSCs must be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- The Editorial Office of Genes & Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400046, China
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18
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Panch SR, Szymanski J, Savani BN, Stroncek DF. Sources of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and Methods to Optimize Yields for Clinical Cell Therapy. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23:1241-1249. [PMID: 28495640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) aspirates, mobilized peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood (UCB) have developed as graft sources for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for stem cell transplantation and other cellular therapeutics. Individualized techniques are necessary to enhance graft HSPC yields and cell quality from each graft source. BM aspirates yield adequate CD34+ cells but can result in relative delays in engraftment. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-primed BM HSPCs may facilitate faster engraftment while minimizing graft-versus-host disease in certain patient subsets. The levels of circulating HSPCs are enhanced using mobilizing agents, such as G-CSF and/or plerixafor, which act via the stromal cell-derived factor 1/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 axis. Alternate niche pathway mediators, including very late antigen-4/vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, parathyroid hormone, and coagulation cascade intermediates, may offer promising alternatives for graft enhancement. UCB grafts have been expanded ex vivo with cytokines, notch-ligand, or mesenchymal stromal cells, and most studies demonstrated greater quantities of CD34+ cells ex vivo and improved short-term engraftment. No significant changes were observed in long-term repopulating potential or in patient survival. Early phase clinical trials using nicotinamide and StemReginin1 may offer improved short- and long-term repopulating ability. Breakthroughs in genome editing and stem cell reprogramming technologies may hasten the generation of pooled, third-party HSPC grafts. This review elucidates past, present, and potential future approaches to HSPC graft optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya R Panch
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - James Szymanski
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bipin N Savani
- Department of Hematology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David F Stroncek
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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19
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Shen J, Wang ZY, Cheng T. [Generation of engraftable hematopoietic stem cells from human pluripotent stem cells]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2017; 38:257-260. [PMID: 28395456 PMCID: PMC7348385 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Disease Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China
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20
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Controlled stem cell amplification by HOXB4 depends on its unique proline-rich region near the N terminus. Blood 2016; 129:319-323. [PMID: 27827825 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-04-706978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is high interest in understanding the mechanisms that drive self-renewal of stem cells. HOXB4 is one of the few transcription factors that can amplify long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells in a controlled way. Here we show in mice that this characteristic of HOXB4 depends on a proline-rich sequence near the N terminus, which is unique among HOX genes and highly conserved in higher mammals. Deletion of this domain substantially enhanced the oncogenicity of HOXB4, inducing acute leukemia in mice. Conversely, insertion of the domain into Hoxa9 impaired leukemogenicity of this homeobox gene. These results indicate that proline-rich stretches attenuate the potential of stem cell active homeobox genes to acquire oncogenic properties.
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21
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Wang H, Jia XH, Chen JR, Yi YJ, Wang JY, Li YJ, Xie SY. HOXB4 knockdown reverses multidrug resistance of human myelogenous leukemia K562/ADM cells by downregulating P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP expression via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2529-2537. [PMID: 27779650 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) plays a pivotal role in human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) chemotherapy failure. MDR is mainly associated with the overexpression of drug efflux transporters of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling cascade is involved in the MDR phenotype and is correlated with multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1)/P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) expression in many human malignancies. Homeobox (HOX) B4, a member of the HOX gene family, has been reported to be correlated with occurrence, development, poor prognosis and drug resistance of human leukemia. In the present study, HOXB4 expression was analyzed in K562 cell line and its MDR subline K562/ADM. Compared with K562 cells, drug-resistant K562/ADM cells demonstrated evidently higher HOXB4 expression. In addition, we firstly investigated the reversal effect of HOXB4 deletion on K562/ADM cells and the underlying mechanism. The Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry assays showed that knockdown of HOXB4 enhanced chemosensitivity and decreased drug efflux in K562/ADM cells. Moreover, HOXB4 knockout led to downregulation of P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP expression and PI3K/Akt signaling activity, suggesting that repression of HOXB4 might be a key point to reverse MDR of K562/ADM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Hong Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Ru Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jie Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Yong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - You-Jie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Tumour Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Yang Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Tumour Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
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22
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Tasan I, Jain S, Zhao H. Use of genome-editing tools to treat sickle cell disease. Hum Genet 2016; 135:1011-28. [PMID: 27250347 PMCID: PMC5002234 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genome-editing techniques have made it possible to modify any desired DNA sequence by employing programmable nucleases. These next-generation genome-modifying tools are the ideal candidates for therapeutic applications, especially for the treatment of genetic disorders like sickle cell disease (SCD). SCD is an inheritable monogenic disorder which is caused by a point mutation in the β-globin gene. Substantial success has been achieved in the development of supportive therapeutic strategies for SCD, but unfortunately there is still a lack of long-term universal cure. The only existing curative treatment is based on allogeneic stem cell transplantation from healthy donors; however, this treatment is applicable to a limited number of patients only. Hence, a universally applicable therapy is highly desirable. In this review, we will discuss the three programmable nucleases that are commonly used for genome-editing purposes: zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9). We will continue by exemplifying uses of these methods to correct the sickle cell mutation. Additionally, we will present induction of fetal globin expression as an alternative approach to cure sickle cell disease. We will conclude by comparing the three methods and explaining the concerns about their use in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Tasan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Surbhi Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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23
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Identification of factors promoting ex vivo maintenance of mouse hematopoietic stem cells by long-term single-cell quantification. Blood 2016; 128:1181-92. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-705590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
AFT024-induced HSC maintenance correlates with early survival/proliferation whereas early death is a major reason for HSC loss in culture. Dermatopontin is required for ex vivo HSC maintenance, and also improves HSC clonogenicity in stroma-based and stroma-free cultures.
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Kelly Z, Moller-Levet C, McGrath S, Butler-Manuel S, Kavitha Madhuri T, Kierzek AM, Pandha H, Morgan R, Michael A. The prognostic significance of specificHOXgene expression patterns in ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1608-17. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Kelly
- Oncology, School of Biosciences and Medicine; FHMS, Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, University of Surrey; Guildford GU2 7WG
| | - Carla Moller-Levet
- Computational & Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine; FHMS, University of Surrey; Guildford GU2 7TE
| | - Sophie McGrath
- Oncology, School of Biosciences and Medicine; FHMS, Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, University of Surrey; Guildford GU2 7WG
| | | | | | - Andrzej M. Kierzek
- Computational & Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine; FHMS, University of Surrey; Guildford GU2 7TE
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Oncology, School of Biosciences and Medicine; FHMS, Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, University of Surrey; Guildford GU2 7WG
| | - Richard Morgan
- ICT Building, Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford; West Yorkshire BD7 1DP
| | - Agnieszka Michael
- Oncology, School of Biosciences and Medicine; FHMS, Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, University of Surrey; Guildford GU2 7WG
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25
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Barriers to Effective Genome Editing of Haematopoietic Stem Cells. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-016-0032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Retroviral vector gene therapy is a promising approach to treating HIV-1. However, integrated vectors are mutagens with the potential to dysregulate nearby genes and cause severe adverse side effects. Leukemia has already been a documented severe adverse event in gene therapy clinical trials for the treatment of primary immunodeficiencies. These side effects will need to be reduced or avoided if retroviral vectors are to be used clinically for HIV-1 treatment. The addition of chromatin insulators to retroviral vectors is a potential strategy for reducing adverse side effects. Insulators have already been effectively used in retroviral vectors to reduce genotoxicity in pre-clinical studies. Here, we will review how insulators function, genotoxicity in gene therapy clinical trials, the design of insulated retroviral vectors, promising results from insulated retroviral vector studies, and considerations for the development of insulated retroviral treatment vectors for HIV-1 gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L. Browning
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Grant D. Trobridge
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University Spokane, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-509-368-6535
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Chen T, Wang F, Wu M, Wang ZZ. Development of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1179-89. [PMID: 25740540 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), provide a new cell source for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, drug discovery, and preclinical toxicity screening. Understanding of the onset and the sequential process of hematopoietic cells from differentiated hPSCs will enable the achievement of personalized medicine and provide an in vitro platform for studying of human hematopoietic development and disease. During embryogenesis, hemogenic endothelial cells, a specified subset of endothelial cells in embryonic endothelium, are the primary source of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells. In this review, we discuss current status in the generation of multipotent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from hPSCs via hemogenic endothelial cells. We also review the achievements in direct reprogramming from non-hematopoietic cells to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Further characterization of hematopoietic differentiation in hPSCs will improve our understanding of blood development and expedite the development of hPSC-derived blood products for therapeutic purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao Wu
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zack Z Wang
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
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D'Souza SS, Maufort J, Kumar A, Zhang J, Smuga-Otto K, Thomson JA, Slukvin II. GSK3β Inhibition Promotes Efficient Myeloid and Lymphoid Hematopoiesis from Non-human Primate-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:243-56. [PMID: 26805448 PMCID: PMC4750098 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the scalable production of blood cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) open prospects for the clinical translation of de novo generated blood products, and evoke the need for preclinical evaluation of their efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity in large animal models. Due to substantial similarities with humans, the outcomes of cellular therapies in non-human primate (NHP) models can be readily extrapolated to a clinical setting. However, the use of this model is hampered by relatively low efficiency of blood generation and lack of lymphoid potential in NHP-iPSC differentiation cultures. Here, we generated transgene-free iPSCs from different NHP species and showed the efficient induction of mesoderm, myeloid, and lymphoid cells from these iPSCs using a GSK3β inhibitor. Overall, our studies enable scalable production of hematopoietic progenitors from NHP-iPSCs, and lay the foundation for preclinical testing of iPSC-based therapies for blood and immune system diseases in an NHP model. Generation of transgene-free iPSCs from various non-human primate (NHP) species GSK3β inhibition is essential for induction of mesoderm and blood from NHP-iPSCs Efficient generation of CD34+CD45+CD90+CD38−CD45RA− progenitors from NHP-iPSCs Efficient T and NK cell production from NHP-iPSCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha S D'Souza
- National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - John Maufort
- National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jiuchun Zhang
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 309 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Kimberley Smuga-Otto
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 309 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 309 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53707, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Igor I Slukvin
- National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53707, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison WI 53705, USA.
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Pacioni S, D'Alessandris QG, Giannetti S, Morgante L, De Pascalis I, Coccè V, Bonomi A, Pascucci L, Alessandri G, Pessina A, Falchetti ML, Pallini R. Mesenchymal stromal cells loaded with paclitaxel induce cytotoxic damage in glioblastoma brain xenografts. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:194. [PMID: 26445228 PMCID: PMC4594910 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of cancer chemotherapy is targeting tumor cells and/or tumor-associated microvessels with the lowest systemic toxicity. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising vehicles for selective drug delivery due to their peculiar ability to home to pathological tissues. We previously showed that MSCs are able to uptake and subsequently to release the chemotherapeutic compound Paclitaxel (PTX) and to impair the growth of subcutaneous glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) xenografts. Here we used an orthotopic GBM model 1) to assess whether PTX-loaded MSCs (PTX-MSCs) retain a tropism towards the tumor cells in the brain context, and 2) to characterize the cytotoxic damage induced by MSCs-driven PTX release in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS U87MG GBM cells were fluorescently labeled with the mCherry protein and grafted onto the brain of immunosuppressed rats. In adjacent brain regions, we injected green fluorescent protein-expressing murine MSCs, either loaded with PTX or unloaded. After 1 week survival, the xenografted brain was assessed by confocal microscopy for PTX-induced cell damage. RESULTS Overall, MSCs showed remarkable tropism towards the tumor. In rats grafted with PTX-MSCs, the nuclei of U87MG cells showed changes that are typically induced by PTX, including multi-spindle mitoses, centrosome number alterations, and nuclear fragmentation. Multi-spindle mitoses resulted in multinucleated cells that were significantly higher in tumors co-grafted with PTX-MSCs than in controls. Nuclear changes did not occur in astrocytes and neurons surrounding the tumor. CONCLUSIONS MSCs appear particularly suited for anti-neoplastic drug delivery in the brain since PTX-specific damage of GBM cells can be achieved avoiding side effects to the normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pacioni
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy. .,CNR-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Stefano Giannetti
- Institute of Anatomy, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Liliana Morgante
- Institute of Anatomy, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ivana De Pascalis
- Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Coccè
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, via Pascal 36, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Arianna Bonomi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, via Pascal 36, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Giulio Alessandri
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, via Giovanni Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Augusto Pessina
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, via Pascal 36, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Laura Falchetti
- CNR-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
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Bonomi A, Silini A, Vertua E, Signoroni PB, Coccè V, Cavicchini L, Sisto F, Alessandri G, Pessina A, Parolini O. Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs) as potential vehicles for drug delivery in cancer therapy: an in vitro study. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:155. [PMID: 26315881 PMCID: PMC4552458 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the context of drug delivery, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from bone marrow and adipose tissue have emerged as interesting candidates due to their homing abilities and capacity to carry toxic loads, while at the same time being highly resistant to the toxic effects. Amongst the many sources of MSCs which have been identified, the human term placenta has attracted particular interest due to its unique, tissue-related characteristics, including its high cell yield and virtually absent expression of human leukocyte antigens and co-stimulatory molecules. Under basal, non-stimulatory conditions, placental MSCs also possess basic characteristics common to MSCs from other sources. These include the ability to secrete factors which promote cell growth and tissue repair, as well as immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate MSCs isolated from the amniotic membrane of human term placenta (hAMSCs) as candidates for drug delivery in vitro. METHODS We primed hAMSCs from seven different donors with paclitaxel (PTX) and investigated their ability to resist the cytotoxic effects of PTX, to upload the drug, and to release it over time. We then analyzed whether the uptake and release of PTX was sufficient to inhibit proliferation of CFPAC-1, a pancreatic tumor cell line sensitive to PTX. RESULTS For the first time, our study shows that hAMSCs are highly resistant to PTX and are not only able to uptake the drug, but also release it over time. Moreover, we show that PTX is released from hAMSCs in a sufficient amount to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, whilst some of the PTX is also retained within the cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, for the first time our results show that placental stem cells can be used as vehicles for the delivery of cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Bonomi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza-Istituto Ospedaliero, Via Bissolati, 57 I-25124, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Elsa Vertua
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza-Istituto Ospedaliero, Via Bissolati, 57 I-25124, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Bonassi Signoroni
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza-Istituto Ospedaliero, Via Bissolati, 57 I-25124, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Valentina Coccè
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Loredana Cavicchini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesca Sisto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulio Alessandri
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - Augusto Pessina
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza-Istituto Ospedaliero, Via Bissolati, 57 I-25124, Brescia, Italy.
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Kim HJ, Kim MH, Kim JT, Lee WJ, Kim E, Lim KS, Kim JK, Yang YI, Park KD, Kim YH. Intracellular transduction of TAT-Hsp27 fusion protein enhancing cell survival and regeneration capacity of cardiac stem cells in acute myocardial infarction. J Control Release 2015; 215:55-72. [PMID: 26232724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) results in the substantial loss of functional cardiomyocytes, which frequently leads to intractable heart disorders. Cardiac stem cells (CSCs) that retain the capacity to replace all cardiac cells might be a promising strategy for providing a source of new functional cardiomyocytes; however, the poor survival and engraftment of transplanted CSCs in the hostile environment of MI critically mitigate their therapeutic benefits. To capitalize their therapeutic potential, an ex vivo strategy in which CSCs were introduced to the recombinant heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) through a TAT protein transduction domain for increasing the viability and engraftment in the infarcted myocardium was designed. A recombinant TAT fused Hsp27 (TAT-Hsp27) was able to enter CSCs in a dose-dependent manner. CSCs transduced with TAT-Hsp27 expressed not only endogenous Hsp27 but externally introduced Hsp27, resulting in substantial increase of their anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties via suppressing reactive oxygen species production, the MAPKs signaling pathway, and caspase activation. TAT-Hsp27 enabled CSCs to be protected from apoptotic- and hypoxic-induced cell death during in vitro cardiomyogenic differentiation. In vivo studies demonstrated that CSCs transduced TAT-Hsp27 significantly increased the survival and engraftment in the acutely infarcted myocardium, which is closely related to caspase activity suppression. Finally, CSCs transduced TAT-Hsp27 improved cardiac function and attenuated cardiac remodeling in comparison with non-transduced CSCs. Overall, our approach, which is based on the ex vivo intracellular transduction of TAT-Hsp27 into CSCs before myocardial delivery, might be effective in treating MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jung Kim
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, 633-165 Gaegum-dong, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hun Kim
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, 633-165 Gaegum-dong, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Tae Kim
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, 633-165 Gaegum-dong, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jin Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, 633-165 Gaegum-dong, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, 633-165 Gaegum-dong, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Suk Lim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Kyoung Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Il Yang
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, 633-165 Gaegum-dong, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Dong Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon, Yeongtong, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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Li J, Kurasawa Y, Wang Y, Clise-Dwyer K, Klumpp SA, Liang H, Tailor RC, Raymond AC, Estrov Z, Brandt SJ, Davis RE, Zweidler-McKay P, Amin HM, Nagarajan L. Requirement for ssbp2 in hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and stress response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:4654-62. [PMID: 25238756 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional mechanisms governing hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation are not fully understood. Sequence-specific ssDNA-binding protein 2 (SSBP2) is a candidate acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) suppressor gene located at chromosome 5q14. SSBP2 binds the transcriptional adaptor protein Lim domain-binding protein 1 (LDB1) and enhances LDB1 stability to regulate gene expression. Notably, Ldb1 is essential for HSC specification during early development and maintenance in adults. We previously reported shortened lifespan and greater susceptibility to B cell lymphomas and carcinomas in Ssbp2(-/-) mice. However, whether Ssbp2 plays a regulatory role in normal HSC function and leukemogenesis is unknown. In this study, we provide several lines of evidence to demonstrate a requirement for Ssbp2 in the function and transcriptional program of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in vivo. We found that hematopoietic tissues were hypoplastic in Ssbp2(-/-) mice, and the frequency of lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor cells in bone marrow was reduced. Other significant features of these mice were delayed recovery from 5-fluorouracil treatment and diminished multilineage reconstitution in lethally irradiated bone marrow recipients. Dramatic reduction of Notch1 transcripts and increased expression of transcripts encoding the transcription factor E2a and its downstream target Cdkn1a also distinguished Ssbp2(-/-) HSPCs from wild-type HSPCs. Finally, a tendency toward coordinated expression of SSBP2 and the AML suppressor NOTCH1 in a subset of the Cancer Genome Atlas AML cases suggested a role for SSBP2 in AML pathogenesis. Collectively, our results uncovered a critical regulatory function for SSBP2 in HSPC gene expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Li
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yasuhiro Kurasawa
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Karen Clise-Dwyer
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Sherry A Klumpp
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ramesh C Tailor
- Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Aaron C Raymond
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030; Graduate Program in Genes and Development, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Stephen J Brandt
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Richard E Davis
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Patrick Zweidler-McKay
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Hesham M Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Lalitha Nagarajan
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030; Graduate Program in Genes and Development, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030; Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030; Graduate Program in Human Molecular Genetics, Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, and Center for Cancer Genetics and Genomics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
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Downregulation of Prdm16 mRNA is a specific antileukemic mechanism during HOXB4-mediated HSC expansion in vivo. Blood 2014; 124:1737-47. [PMID: 25082879 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-10-534735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of HOXB4 in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) leads to increased self-renewal without causing hematopoietic malignancies in transplanted mice. The molecular basis of HOXB4-mediated benign HSC expansion in vivo is not well understood. To gain further insight into the molecular events underlying HOXB4-mediated HSC expansion, we analyzed gene expression changes at multiple time points in Lin(-)Sca1(+)c-kit(+) cells from mice transplanted with bone marrow cells transduced with a MSCV-HOXB4-ires-YFP vector. A distinct HOXB4 transcriptional program was reproducibly induced and stabilized by 12 weeks after transplant. Dynamic expression changes were observed in genes critical for HSC self-renewal as well as in genes involved in myeloid and B-cell differentiation. Prdm16, a transcription factor associated with human acute myeloid leukemia, was markedly repressed by HOXB4 but upregulated by HOXA9 and HOXA10, suggesting that Prdm16 downregulation was involved in preventing leukemia in HOXB4 transplanted mice. Functional evidence to support this mechanism was obtained by enforcing coexpression of sPrdm16 and HOXB4, which led to enhanced self-renewal, myeloid expansion, and leukemia. Altogether, these studies define the transcriptional pathways involved in HOXB4 HSC expansion in vivo and identify repression of Prdm16 transcription as a mechanism by which expanding HSCs avoid leukemic transformation.
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Watts KL, Beard BC, Wood BL, Trobridge GD, Humphries RK, Adams AB, Nelson V, Kiem HP. No evidence of clonal dominance after transplant of HOXB4-expanded cord blood cells in a nonhuman primate model. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:497-504. [PMID: 24704161 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood transplant continues to increase in prevalence as a treatment option for various hematopoietic and immune disorders. Because of the limited number of cells available in a single cord blood unit, investigators have explored methods of increasing cell dose before transplant, including overexpression of the homeobox B4 (HOXB4) transcription factor. We have previously reported the development of leukemia in several nonhuman primate (NHP) subjects transplanted with HOXB4-expanded bone marrow cells at approximately 2 years posttransplant. Here, we provide long-term data for a NHP receiving a HOXB4-expanded cord blood graft. Longitudinal follow-up included gene marking analysis, complete blood counts, morphologic/pathologic assessment, phenotypic analysis of subsets, and retroviral integration site analysis. In each of these independent assays, we saw no indication of clonal dominance, and all signs pointed toward normal, healthy hematopoiesis. Furthermore, in-depth clonal analysis of an animal that developed leukemia after transplantation of HOXB4-modified bone marrow cells showed that dominant clones could be detected as early as 6 months posttransplant using the genomic analysis technique detailed here. Parallel analysis of the cord blood transplant macaque showed no such sites. These findings demonstrate the ability to study the use of gene-modified and expanded cord blood cells in a NHP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korashon L Watts
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian C Beard
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brent L Wood
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Grant D Trobridge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - R Keith Humphries
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amie B Adams
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Veronica Nelson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Abstract
Future stem cell-based therapies will benefit from the new discoveries being made on pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (IPS) cells. Understanding the genes regulating pluripotency has opened new opportunities to generate patient-tailored therapies. However, protocols for deriving progenitor cells of therapeutic grade from these pluripotent stem cells are not yet worked out. In particular the potential of these cells in treating diseases when compared to their adult progenitor counterparts is unknown. This is crucial work that needs to be studied in detail because we will need to determine engraftment potential of these cells and their ability for multi-lineage engraftment in the in vivo setting before any clinical applications. The ability of these cells to engraft is dependent on their expression of cell surface markers which guide their homing patterns. In this review, I discuss murine hematopoietic progenitor cells derived from mouse ES cells. Stem cells in the bone marrow are found in the bone marrow niches. Our knowledge of the bone marrow niches is growing and will ultimately lead to improved clinical transplantation of bone marrow cells. We are, however, a long way in appreciating how hematopoietic progenitor cells migrate and populate lymphoid tissues. One of the variables in generating hematopoietic progenitor cells is that different labs use different approaches in generating progenitor cells. In some cases, the ES cell lines used show some variability as well. The cell culture media used by the different investigators highly influence the maturation level of the cells and their homing patterns. Here, mouse ES cell-derived progenitor cells are discussed.
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Inoue-Yokoo T, Tani K, Sugiyama D. Mesodermal and hematopoietic differentiation from ES and iPS cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 9:422-34. [PMID: 22684542 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can differentiate into any type of tissue when grown in a suitable culture environment and are considered valuable tools for regenerative medicine. In the field of hematology, generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mature hematopoietic cells (HCs) from ES and iPS cells through mesodermal cells, the ancestors of HCs, can facilitate transplantation and transfusion therapy. Several studies report generation of functional HCs from both mouse and human ES and iPS cells. This approach will likely be applied to individual patient-derived iPS cells for regenerative medicine approaches and drug screening in the future. Here, we summarize current studies of HC-generation from ES and iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Inoue-Yokoo
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Advanced Medical Initiatives, Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Larochelle A, Dunbar CE. Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy:assessing the relevance of preclinical models. Semin Hematol 2014; 50:101-30. [PMID: 24014892 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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38
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Fournier M, Savoie-Rondeau I, Larochelle F, Hassawi M, Shestakova EA, Roy DC, Bijl JJ. Inability of HOXB4 to enhance self-renewal of malignant B cells: favorable profile for the expansion of autologous hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:526-35.e4. [PMID: 24503485 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leukemic stem cells share self-renewal properties and slow proliferation with hematopoietic stem cells. Based on expression signatures, it has been suggested that these cells use the same molecular pathways for these processes. However, it is not clear whether leukemic stem cells also respond to factors known to enhance the self-renewal activity of hematopoietic stem cells. The transcription factor homeobox B4 (HOXB4) is known to induce expansion of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. The recombinant TAT-HOXB4 protein also expands human CD34+ cells. In this study we investigated whether overexpression of HOXB4 could increase leukemic initiating cell numbers, an issue that is crucial to its clinical usage. A transgenic mouse model for E2A-PBX1 induced pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia was used in combination with HOXB4 transgenic mice to test oncogenic interactions between HOXB4 and E2A-PBX1. The frequency of leukemic initiating cells retrovirally overexpressing HOXB4 was measured by transplantation at limiting dilution and evaluation of leukemia development in recipient mice. Moreover, human B cell lines were evaluated for their colony forming cell potential upon exposure to TAT-HOXB4 protein. Our data with the mouse models show that HOXB4 neither accelerates the generation of E2A-PBX1 B cell leukemia nor expands the number of leukemia initiating cells. Additionally, the growth or colony forming cell proportions of human B cell lines was not changed by HOXB4, suggesting that human B leukemic initiating cells are not affected by HOXB4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilaine Fournier
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Fannie Larochelle
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mona Hassawi
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elena A Shestakova
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Claude Roy
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada; Départment de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Janetta J Bijl
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada; Départment de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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39
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Zhang XB. Cellular reprogramming of human peripheral blood cells. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2013; 11:264-74. [PMID: 24060839 PMCID: PMC4357833 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in cell fate conversion have made it possible to generate large quantities of patient-specific cells for regenerative medicine. Due to multiple advantages of peripheral blood cells over fibroblasts from skin biopsy, the use of blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) instead of skin fibroblasts will expedite reprogramming research and broaden the application of reprogramming technology. This review discusses current progress and challenges of generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood MNCs and of in vitro and in vivo conversion of blood cells into cells of therapeutic value, such as mesenchymal stem cells, neural cells and hepatocytes. An optimized design of lentiviral vectors is necessary to achieve high reprogramming efficiency of peripheral blood cells. More recently, non-integrating vectors such as Sendai virus and episomal vectors have been successfully employed in generating integration-free iPSCs and somatic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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40
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de Girolamo L, Lucarelli E, Alessandri G, Avanzini MA, Bernardo ME, Biagi E, Brini AT, D'Amico G, Fagioli F, Ferrero I, Locatelli F, Maccario R, Marazzi M, Parolini O, Pessina A, Torre ML, Italian Mesenchymal Stem Cell Group. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: a new ''cells as drugs'' paradigm. Efficacy and critical aspects in cell therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19:2459-73. [PMID: 23278600 PMCID: PMC3788322 DOI: 10.2174/1381612811319130015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were first isolated more than 50 years ago from the bone marrow. Currently MSCs may also be isolated from several alternative sources and they have been used in more than a hundred clinical trials worldwide to treat a wide variety of diseases. The MSCs mechanism of action is undefined and currently under investigation. For in vivo purposes MSCs must be produced in compliance with good manufacturing practices and this has stimulated research on MSCs characterization and safety. The objective of this review is to describe recent developments regarding MSCs properties, physiological effects, delivery, clinical applications and possible side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura de Girolamo
- Laboratorio di Biotecnologie applicate all'Ortopedia, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
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41
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Lim WF, Inoue-Yokoo T, Tan KS, Lai MI, Sugiyama D. Hematopoietic cell differentiation from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:71. [PMID: 23796405 PMCID: PMC3706875 DOI: 10.1186/scrt222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells, both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, are undifferentiated cells that can self-renew and potentially differentiate into all hematopoietic lineages, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), hematopoietic progenitor cells and mature hematopoietic cells in the presence of a suitable culture system. Establishment of pluripotent stem cells provides a comprehensive model to study early hematopoietic development and has emerged as a powerful research tool to explore regenerative medicine. Nowadays, HSC transplantation and hematopoietic cell transfusion have successfully cured some patients, especially in malignant hematological diseases. Owing to a shortage of donors and a limited number of the cells, hematopoietic cell induction from pluripotent stem cells has been regarded as an alternative source of HSCs and mature hematopoietic cells for intended therapeutic purposes. Pluripotent stem cells are therefore extensively utilized to facilitate better understanding in hematopoietic development by recapitulating embryonic development in vivo, in which efficient strategies can be easily designed and deployed for the generation of hematopoietic lineages in vitro. We hereby review the current progress of hematopoietic cell induction from embryonic stem/induced pluripotent stem cells.
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42
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Long-term follow-up of foamy viral vector-mediated gene therapy for canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency. Mol Ther 2013; 21:964-72. [PMID: 23531552 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of leukemia following gammaretroviral vector-mediated gene therapy for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) has emphasized the need for long-term follow-up in animals treated with hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy. In this study, we report the long-term follow-up (4-7 years) of four dogs with canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (CLAD) treated with foamy viral (FV) vector-mediated gene therapy. All four CLAD dogs previously received nonmyeloablative conditioning with 200 cGy total body irradiation followed by infusion of autologous, CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells transduced by a FV vector expressing canine CD18 from an internal Murine Stem Cell Virus (MSCV) promoter. CD18(+) leukocyte levels were >2% following infusion of vector-transduced cells leading to ongoing reversal of the CLAD phenotype for >4 years. There was no clinical development of lymphoid or myeloid leukemia in any of the four dogs and integration site analysis did not reveal insertional oncogenesis. These results showing disease correction/amelioration of disease in CLAD without significant adverse events provide support for the use of a FV vector to treat children with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD-1) in a human gene therapy clinical trial.
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43
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Improved ex vivo expansion of adult hematopoietic stem cells by overcoming CUL4-mediated degradation of HOXB4. Blood 2013; 121:4082-9. [PMID: 23520338 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-09-455204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct transduction of the homeobox (HOX) protein HOXB4 promotes the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) without induction of leukemogenesis, but requires frequent administration to overcome its short protein half-life (∼1 hour). We demonstrate here that HOXB4 protein levels are post-translationally regulated by the CUL4 ubiquitin ligase, and define the degradation signal sequence (degron) of HOXB4 required for CUL4-mediated destruction. Additional HOX paralogs share the conserved degron in the homeodomain and are also subject to CUL4-mediated degradation, indicating that CUL4 likely controls the stability of all HOX proteins. Moreover, we engineered a degradation-resistant HOXB4 that conferred a growth advantage over wild-type HOXB4 in myeloid progenitor cells. Direct transduction of recombinant degradation-resistant HOXB4 protein to human adult HSCs significantly enhanced their maintenance in a more primitive state both in vitro and in transplanted NOD/SCID/IL2R-γ(null) mice compared with transduction with wild-type HOXB4 protein. Our studies demonstrate the feasibility of engineering a stable HOXB4 variant to overcome a major technical hurdle in the ex vivo expansion of adult HSCs and early progenitors for human therapeutic use.
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44
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Cytological characterization of murine bone marrow and spleen hematopoietic compartments for improved assessment of toxicity in preclinical gene marking models. Ann Hematol 2013; 92:595-604. [PMID: 23307598 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-012-1655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has proven its potential to cure diseases of the hematopoietic system, but potential adverse reactions related to insertional mutagenesis by integrating gene vectors and chromosomal instability in long-lived repopulating cells have emerged as a major limitation. Preclinical gene therapy in murine models is a powerful model for assessment of gene marking efficiency and adverse reactions. However, changes in the hematologic composition after transplantation with retrovirally modified hematopoietic stem cells have not been well investigated in large cohorts of animals by systematic cytological analyses. In the present study, cytological analyses of bone marrow and spleen were performed in a large cohort (n = 58) of C57BL/6J mice over an extended observation period after gene marking. Interestingly, we observed hematological malignancies in four out of 30 animals transplanted with dLNGFR (truncated form of the human p75 low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor) and tCD34 modified stem/progenitor cells. Our data demonstrate that cytological analysis provides important information for diagnosis of hematological disorders and thus should be included in preclinical studies and performed in each investigated animal. Together with histological analysis, flow cytometric analysis, and other analyses, the quality and predictive value of preclinical gene therapy studies will be improved.
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45
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Umeda S, Yamamoto K, Murayama T, Hidaka M, Kurata M, Ohshima T, Suzuki S, Sugawara E, Kawano F, Kitagawa M. Prognostic significance of HOXB4 in de novo acute myeloid leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 17:125-31. [PMID: 22664110 DOI: 10.1179/102453312x13376952196250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As research into hematopoiesis advances, new factors associated with hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) activity have been discovered, and the contribution of HSC factors to hematopoiesis is now actively being investigated. Since the involvement of stem cells is considered to be important in hematological malignancies as well as normal hematopoiesis, we examined the expression of newly defined HSC factors including HOXB4, TCFEC, HMGB-1, FOS, and SPI-1 in the bone marrow (BM) from de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Expression levels of mRNA extracted from frozen specimens of AML patients and normal controls were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among the HSC factors, HOXB4 exhibited significantly higher expression in the BM of AML as compared with normal controls. Immunostaining for HOXB4 revealed that the HOXB4-positive cell ratios correlated well with the expression levels of mRNA for HOXB4 in AML BM. Based on the HOXB4-positive cell ratio, AML patients were divided into two groups (cases with higher ratios and lower ratios). The group with higher HOXB4-positive cell ratios had better prognoses as compared with the group with lower ratios. Multivariate analysis confirmed the HOXB4-positivity as an independent predictor of overall survival of AML patients. Lastly, mRNA expression levels for HOXB4 were inversely correlated with the expression levels of at least two genes, including ABCB1, which is known to be a multidrug-resistance gene. Our study distinguishes a subgroup of AML with higher HOXB4 expression and better prognosis, and this might be reflected by relative drug sensitivity in leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeaki Umeda
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
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Auvray C, Delahaye A, Pflumio F, Haddad R, Amsellem S, Miri-Nezhad A, Broix L, Yacia A, Bulle F, Fichelson S, Vigon I. HOXC4 homeoprotein efficiently expands human hematopoietic stem cells and triggers similar molecular alterations as HOXB4. Haematologica 2012; 97:168-78. [PMID: 22298821 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.051235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expansion of hematopoietic stem cells represents an important objective for improving cell and gene therapy protocols. Retroviral transduction of the HoxB4 homeogene in mouse and human hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic progenitors is known to promote the cells' expansion. A safer approach consists in transferring homeobox proteins into hematopoietic stem cells taking advantage of the natural ability of homeoproteins to cross cell membranes. Thus, HOXB4 protein transfer is operative for expanding human hematopoietic cells, but such expansion needs to be improved. DESIGN AND METHODS To that aim, we evaluated the effects of HOXC4, a protein encoded by a HOXB4 paralog gene, by co-culturing HOXC4-producing stromal cells with human CD34(+) hematopoietic cells. Numbers of progenitors and stem cells were assessed by in vitro cloning assays and injection into immuno-deficient mice, respectively. We also looked for activation or inhibition of target downstream gene expression. RESULTS We show that the HOXC4 homeoprotein expands human hematopoietic immature cells by 3 to 6 times ex vivo and significantly improves the level of in vivo engraftment. Comparative transcriptome analysis of CD34(+) cells subjected or not to HOXB4 or HOXC4 demonstrated that both homeoproteins regulate the same set of genes, some of which encode key hematopoietic factors and signaling molecules. Certain molecules identified herein are factors reported to be involved in stem cell fate or expansion in other models, such as MEF2C, EZH2, DBF4, DHX9, YPEL5 and Pumilio. CONCLUSIONS The present study may help to identify new HOX downstream key factors potentially involved in hematopoietic stem cell expansion or in leukemogenesis.
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47
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Forrester LM, Jackson M. Mechanism of action of HOXB4 on the hematopoietic differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2012; 30:379-85. [PMID: 22267295 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into hematopoietic lineages in vitro and hold promise for the future treatment of hematological disease. Differentiation strategies involving defined factors in serum-free conditions have been successful in producing hematopoietic progenitors and some mature cell types from mouse and human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent cells. However, these precisely defined protocols are relatively inefficient and have not been used successfully to produce hematopoietic stem cells capable of multilineage long-term reconstitution of the hematopoietic system. More complex differentiation induction strategies including coculture with stromal cells derived from sites of hematopoietic activity in vivo and enforced expression of reprogramming transcription factors, such as HOXB4, have been required to increase the efficiency of the differentiation procedure and to produce these most potent hematopoietic stem cells. We review the studies that have used HOXB4 to improve hematopoietic differentiation from pluripotent cells focusing on studies that have provided some insight into its mechanism of action. A better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the action of HOXB4 might lead to more defined culture systems and safer protocols for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley M Forrester
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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48
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Luche RM, Enssle J, Kiem HP. Abrogated cryptic activation of lentiviral transfer vectors. Sci Rep 2012; 2:438. [PMID: 22666541 PMCID: PMC3365281 DOI: 10.1038/srep00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in lentivirus (LV) vector-based gene therapy there are still several safety risks using LV vectors including the potential formation of replication-competent LV particles. To address this shortcoming, we constructed a novel and safer gene transfer system using modified SIN-based LV gene transfer vectors. Central to our approach is a conditional deletion of the Ψ packaging signal after integration in the target genome. Here we demonstrate that after transduction of target cells, conventional SIN-based LV transfer vectors can still be mobilized. However mobilization is rendered undetectable if transductions are followed by a Cre/loxP-mediated excision of Ψ. Thus conditional elimination of the packaging signal may represent another advance in increasing the safety of LV vectors for gene therapeutic treatment of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf M. Luche
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Joerg Enssle
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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49
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy remains a highly attractive treatment option for many disorders, including hematologic conditions, immunodeficiencies including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and other genetic disorders such as lysosomal storage diseases. In this review, we discuss the successes, side-effects and limitations of current gene therapy protocols. In addition, we describe the opportunities presented by implementing ex vivo expansion of gene-modified HSC, as well as summarize the most promising ex vivo expansion techniques currently available. We conclude by discussing how some of the current limitations of HSC gene therapy could be overcome by combining novel HSC expansion strategies with gene therapy.
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50
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Baum C, Modlich U, Göhring G, Schlegelberger B. Concise review: managing genotoxicity in the therapeutic modification of stem cells. Stem Cells 2012; 29:1479-84. [PMID: 21898683 DOI: 10.1002/stem.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic use of procedures for genetic stem cell modification is limited by potential adverse events related to uncontrolled mutagenesis. Prominent findings have been made in hematopoietic gene therapy, demonstrating the risk of clonal, potentially malignant outgrowth on the basis of mutations acquired during or after therapeutic genome modification. The incidence and the growth rate of insertional mutants have been linked to the "stemness" of the target cells and vector-related features such as the integration pattern, the architecture, and the exact content of transgene cassettes. Milieu factors supporting the survival and expansion of mutants may eventually allow oncogenic progression. Similar concerns apply for medicinal products based on pluripotent stem cells. Focusing on the genetic stress induced by insertional mutagenesis and culture adaptation, we propose four conclusions. (a) Mutations occurring in the production of stem cell-based medicines may be unavoidable and need to be classified according to their risk to trigger the formation of clones that are sufficiently long-lived and mitotically active to acquire secondary transforming mutations. (b) The development of rational prevention strategies depends upon the identification of the specific mutations forming such "dominant clones" (which can also be addressed as cancer stem cell precursors) and a better knowledge of the mechanisms underlying their creation, expansion, and homeostatic control. (c) Quantitative assay systems are required to assess the practical value of preventive actions. (d) Improved approaches for the genetic modification of stem cells can address all critical steps in the origin and growth control of mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Baum
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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