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Kaur J, Jung SY, Austdal M, Arun AK, Helland T, Mellgren G, Lende TH, Janssen EAM, Søiland H, Aneja R. Quantitative proteomics reveals serum proteome alterations during metastatic disease progression in breast cancer patients. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:52. [PMID: 39075362 PMCID: PMC11285292 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor recurrence and metastatic progression remains the leading cause for breast cancer related mortalities. However, the proteomes of patient- matched primary breast cancer (BC) and metastatic lesions have not yet been identified, due to the lack of clinically annotated longitudinal samples. In this study, we evaluated the global-proteomic landscape of BC patients with and without distant metastasis as well as compared the proteome of distant metastatic disease with its corresponding primary BC, within the same patient. METHODS We performed mass spectrometry-based proteome profiling of 73 serum samples from 51 BC patients. Among the 51 patients with BC, 29 remained metastasis-free (henceforth called non-progressors), and 22 developed metastases (henceforth called progressors). For the 22 progressors, we obtained two samples: one collected within a year of diagnosis, and the other collected within a year before the diagnosis of metastatic disease. MS data were analyzed using intensity-based absolute quantification and normalized before differential expression analysis. Significantly differentially expressed proteins (DEPs; absolute fold-change ≥ 1.5, P-value < 0.05 and 30% abundance per clinical group) were subjected to pathway analyses. RESULTS We identified 967 proteins among 73 serum samples from patients with BC. Among these, 39 proteins were altered in serum samples at diagnosis, between progressors and non-progressors. Among these, 4 proteins were further altered when the progressors developed distant metastasis. In addition, within progressors, 20 proteins were altered in serum collected at diagnosis versus at the onset of metastasis. Pathway analysis showed that these proteins encoded pathways that describe metastasis, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition and focal adhesion that are hallmarks of metastatic cascade. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the importance of examining matched samples from distant metastasis with primary BC samples collected at diagnosis to unravel subset of proteins that could be involved in BC progression in serum. This study sets the foundation for additional future investigations that could position these proteins as non-invasive markers for clinically monitoring breast cancer progression in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie Austdal
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Aaditya Krishna Arun
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Helland
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tone Hoel Lende
- Department of Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Emiel A M Janssen
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Biosciences and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Håvard Søiland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Ghosh S, Bhuniya T, Dey A, Koley M, Roy P, Bera A, Gol D, Chowdhury A, Chowdhury R, Sen S. An Updated Review on KRAS Mutation in Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Its Effects on Human Health. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:4661-4678. [PMID: 37897621 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The largest cause of cancer-related fatalities worldwide is lung cancer. In its early stages, lung cancer often exhibits no signs or symptoms. Its signs and symptoms often appear when the condition is advanced. The Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene homolog is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes found in non-small cell lung cancer. Patients who have these mutations may do worse than those who do not, in terms of survival. To understand the nuances in order to choose the best treatment options for each patient, including combination therapy and potential resistance mechanisms, given the quick development of pharmaceuticals, it is necessary to know the factors that might contribute to this disease. It has been observed that single nucleotide polymorphisms altering let-7 micro-RNA might impact cancer propensity. On the other hand, gefitinib fails to stop the oncogenic protein from directly interacting with phosphoinositide3-kinase, which may explain its resistance towards cancer cells. Additionally, Atorvastatin may be able to overpower gefitinib resistance in these cancer cells that have this mutation regardless of the presence of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha. De novo lipogenesis is also regulated by this virus. To overcome these effects, several targeted therapies have been proposed. One such therapy is to use inhibitors of focal adhesion kinases. When this is inhibited, viral oncogene mutant cancers are effectively stopped because it functions downstream of the virus. Mutant oncoproteins like epidermal growth factor receptor may depend on Heat Shock protein90 chaperones more frequently than they do on natural counterparts that make it more attractive therapeutic target for this virus. Inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway is frequent in lung cancer, and fabrication of inhibitors against this pathway can also be an effective therapeutic strategy. Blocking programmed cell death ligand1 is another therapy that may help T cells to recognize and eliminate cancerous cells. This homolog is a challenging therapeutic target due to its complex structural makeup and myriad biological characteristics. Thanks to the unrelenting efforts of medical research, with the use of some inhibitors, immunotherapy, and other combination methods, this problem is currently expected to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrojyoti Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India.
| | - Tiyasa Bhuniya
- Department of Biotechnology, NIT Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Rd, A-Zone, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Anuvab Dey
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, North Guwahati, Assam, IIT Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Madhurima Koley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Preeti Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, India
| | - Aishi Bera
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage, Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India
| | - Debarshi Gol
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage, Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India
| | - Ankita Chowdhury
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage, Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India
| | - Rajanyaa Chowdhury
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage, Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India
| | - Shinjini Sen
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage, Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India
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3
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Gao C, Ge H, Kuan SF, Cai C, Lu X, Esni F, Schoen RE, Wang JH, Chu E, Hu J. FAK loss reduces BRAF V600E-induced ERK phosphorylation to promote intestinal stemness and cecal tumor formation. eLife 2024; 13:RP94605. [PMID: 38921956 PMCID: PMC11208045 DOI: 10.7554/elife.94605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BRAFV600E mutation is a driver mutation in the serrated pathway to colorectal cancers. BRAFV600E drives tumorigenesis through constitutive downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, but high-intensity ERK activation can also trigger tumor suppression. Whether and how oncogenic ERK signaling can be intrinsically adjusted to a 'just-right' level optimal for tumorigenesis remains undetermined. In this study, we found that FAK (Focal adhesion kinase) expression was reduced in BRAFV600E-mutant adenomas/polyps in mice and patients. In Vil1-Cre;BRAFLSL-V600E/+;Ptk2fl/fl mice, Fak deletion maximized BRAFV600E's oncogenic activity and increased cecal tumor incidence to 100%. Mechanistically, our results showed that Fak loss, without jeopardizing BRAFV600E-induced ERK pathway transcriptional output, reduced EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)-dependent ERK phosphorylation. Reduction in ERK phosphorylation increased the level of Lgr4, promoting intestinal stemness and cecal tumor formation. Our findings show that a 'just-right' ERK signaling optimal for BRAFV600E-induced cecal tumor formation can be achieved via Fak loss-mediated downregulation of ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Huaibin Ge
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Shih-Fan Kuan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Chunhui Cai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Xinghua Lu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Farzad Esni
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Jing H Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Edward Chu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
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4
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Debets DO, de Graaf EL, Liefaard MC, Sonke GS, Lips EH, Ressa A, Altelaar M. Predicting treatment outcome using kinome activity profiling in HER2+ breast cancer biopsies. iScience 2024; 27:109858. [PMID: 38784015 PMCID: PMC11112361 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we measured the kinase activity profiles of 32 pre-treatment tumor biopsies of HER2-positive breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic potential of kinase activity levels, to identify potential mechanisms of resistance and to predict treatment success of HER2-targeted therapy combined with chemotherapy. Indeed, our system-wide kinase activity analysis allowed us to link kinase activity to treatment response. Overall, high kinase activity in the HER2-pathway was associated with good treatment outcome. We found eleven kinases differentially regulated between treatment outcome groups, including well-known players in therapy resistance, such as p38a, ERK, and FAK, and an unreported one, namely MARK1. Lastly, we defined an optimal signature of four kinases in a multiple logistic regression diagnostic test for prediction of treatment outcome (AUC = 0.926). This kinase signature showed high sensitivity and specificity, indicating its potential as predictive biomarker for treatment success of HER2-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna O. Debets
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik L. de Graaf
- Pepscope B.V, Nieuwe Kanaal 7, 6709 PA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marte C. Liefaard
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gabe S. Sonke
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther H. Lips
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Ressa
- Pepscope B.V, Nieuwe Kanaal 7, 6709 PA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
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5
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Gao C, Ge H, Kuan SF, Cai C, Lu X, Esni F, Schoen R, Wang J, Chu E, Hu J. FAK loss reduces BRAF V600E-induced ERK phosphorylation to promote intestinal stemness and cecal tumor formation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-2531119. [PMID: 36778401 PMCID: PMC9915899 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2531119/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BRAF V600E mutation is a driver mutation in the serrated pathway to colorectal cancers. BRAFV600E drives tumorigenesis through constitutive downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, but high-intensity ERK activation can also trigger tumor suppression. Whether and how oncogenic ERK signaling can be intrinsically adjusted to a "just-right" level optimal for tumorigenesis remains undetermined. In this study, we found that FAK (Focal adhesion kinase) expression was reduced in BRAFV600E-mutant adenomas/polyps in mice and patients. In Vill-Cre;BRAFV600E/+;Fakfl/fl mice, Fak deletion maximized BRAFV600E's oncogenic activity and increased cecal tumor incidence to 100%. Mechanistically, our results showed that Fak loss, without jeopardizing BRAFV600E-induced ERK pathway transcriptional output, reduced EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)-dependent ERK phosphorylation. Reduction in ERK phosphorylation increased the level of Lgr4, promoting intestinal stemness and cecal tumor formation. Our findings show that a "just-right" ERK signaling optimal for BRAFV600E-induced cecal tumor formation can be achieved via Fak loss-mediated downregulation of ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center/University of Pittsburgh
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6
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Gao C, Ge H, Kuan SF, Cai C, Lu X, Esni F, Schoen R, Wang J, Chu E, Hu J. FAK loss reduces BRAF V600E-induced ERK phosphorylation to promote intestinal stemness and cecal tumor formation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-2531119. [PMID: 36778401 PMCID: PMC9915899 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2531119/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BRAF V600E mutation is a driver mutation in the serrated pathway to colorectal cancers. BRAFV600E drives tumorigenesis through constitutive downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, but high-intensity ERK activation can also trigger tumor suppression. Whether and how oncogenic ERK signaling can be intrinsically adjusted to a "just-right" level optimal for tumorigenesis remains undetermined. In this study, we found that FAK (Focal adhesion kinase) expression was reduced in BRAFV600E-mutant adenomas/polyps in mice and patients. In Vill-Cre;BRAFV600E/+;Fakfl/fl mice, Fak deletion maximized BRAFV600E's oncogenic activity and increased cecal tumor incidence to 100%. Mechanistically, our results showed that Fak loss, without jeopardizing BRAFV600E-induced ERK pathway transcriptional output, reduced EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)-dependent ERK phosphorylation. Reduction in ERK phosphorylation increased the level of Lgr4, promoting intestinal stemness and cecal tumor formation. Our findings show that a "just-right" ERK signaling optimal for BRAFV600E-induced cecal tumor formation can be achieved via Fak loss-mediated downregulation of ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center/University of Pittsburgh
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7
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Raza U, Tang X, Liu Z, Liu B. SIRT7: the seventh key to unlocking the mystery of aging. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:253-280. [PMID: 37676263 PMCID: PMC11281815 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00044.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a chronic yet natural physiological decline of the body. Throughout life, humans are continuously exposed to a variety of exogenous and endogenous stresses, which engender various counteractive responses at the cellular, tissue, organ, as well as organismal levels. The compromised cellular and tissue functions that occur because of genetic factors or prolonged stress (or even the stress response) may accelerate aging. Over the last two decades, the sirtuin (SIRT) family of lysine deacylases has emerged as a key regulator of longevity in a variety of organisms. SIRT7, the most recently identified member of the SIRTs, maintains physiological homeostasis and provides protection against aging by functioning as a watchdog of genomic integrity, a dynamic sensor and modulator of stresses. SIRT7 decline disrupts metabolic homeostasis, accelerates aging, and increases the risk of age-related pathologies including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, pulmonary and renal disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancer, etc. Here, we present SIRT7 as the seventh key to unlock the mystery of aging, and its specific manipulation holds great potential to ensure healthiness and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Raza
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Semenza GL. Mechanisms of Breast Cancer Stem Cell Specification and Self-Renewal Mediated by Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:783-790. [PMID: 37768037 PMCID: PMC10726407 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many advanced human cancers contain regions of intratumoral hypoxia, with O2 gradients extending to anoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are activated in hypoxic cancer cells and drive metabolic reprogramming, vascularization, invasion, and metastasis. Hypoxia induces breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) specification by inducing the expression and/or activity of the pluripotency factors KLF4, NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2. Recent studies have identified HIF-1-dependent expression of PLXNB3, NARF, and TERT in hypoxic breast cancer cells. PLXNB3 binds to and activates the MET receptor tyrosine kinase, leading to activation of the SRC non-receptor tyrosine kinase and subsequently focal adhesion kinase, which promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. PLXNB3-MET-SRC signaling also activates STAT3, a transcription factor that mediates increased NANOG gene expression. Hypoxia-induced NARF binds to OCT4 and serves as a coactivator by stabilizing OCT4 binding to the KLF4, NANOG, and SOX2 genes and by stabilizing the interaction of OCT4 with KDM6A, a histone demethylase that erases repressive trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27, thereby increasing KLF4, NANOG, and SOX2 gene expression. In addition to increasing pluripotency factor expression by these mechanisms, HIF-1 directly activates expression of the TERT gene encoding telomerase, the enzyme required for maintenance of telomeres, which is required for the unlimited self-renewal of BCSCs. HIF-1 binds to the TERT gene and recruits NANOG, which serves as a coactivator by promoting the subsequent recruitment of USP9X, a deubiquitinase that inhibits HIF-1α degradation, and p300, a histone acetyltransferase that mediates acetylation of H3K27, which is required for transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg L Semenza
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center, Institute for Cell Engineering, and Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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9
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Mubtasim N, Gollahon L. The Effect of Adipocyte-Secreted Factors in Activating Focal Adhesion Kinase-Mediated Cell Signaling Pathway towards Metastasis in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16605. [PMID: 38068928 PMCID: PMC10706115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated perturbations in the normal secretion of adipocytokines from white adipocytes can drive the metastatic progression of cancer. However, the association between obesity-induced changes in secretory factors of white adipocytes and subsequent transactivation of the downstream effector proteins impacting metastasis in breast cancer cells remains unclear. Focal adhesion kinase, a cytoplasmic signal transducer, regulates the biological phenomenon of metastasis by activating downstream targets such as beta-catenin and MMP9. Thus, the possible role of phosphorylated FAK in potentiating cancer cell migration was investigated. To elucidate this potential relationship, MCF7 (ER+), MDA-MB-231 (Triple Negative) breast cancer cells, and MCF-10A non-tumorigenic breast cells were exposed to in vitro murine adipocyte-conditioned medium derived from 3T3-L1 MBX cells differentiated to obesity with fatty acid supplementation. Our results show that the conditioned medium derived from these obese adipocytes enhanced motility and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. Importantly, no such changes were observed in the non-tumorigenic breast cells. Our results also show that increased FAK autophosphorylation was followed by increased expression of beta-catenin and MMP9 in the breast cancer cells when exposed to obese adipocyte-conditioned medium, but not in the MCF10A cells. These results indicate that adipocyte-derived secretory factors induced FAK activation through phosphorylation. This in turn increased breast cancer cell migration and invasion by activating its downstream effector proteins beta-catenin and MMP9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noshin Mubtasim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Lauren Gollahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Genna A, Alter J, Poletti M, Meirson T, Sneh T, Gendler M, Saleev N, Karagiannis GS, Wang Y, Cox D, Entenberg D, Oktay MH, Korcsmaros T, Condeelis JS, Gil-Henn H. FAK family proteins regulate in vivo breast cancer metastasis via distinct mechanisms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.27.564212. [PMID: 37961438 PMCID: PMC10634866 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.564212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the major leading cause of tumor-related deaths in women. It is estimated that the majority of breast tumor-related deaths are a consequence of metastasis, to which no cure exists at present. The FAK family proteins Proline-rich tyrosine kinase (PYK2) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) are highly expressed in breast cancer, but the exact cellular and signaling mechanisms by which they regulate in vivo tumor cell invasiveness and consequent metastatic dissemination are mostly unknown. Using a PYK2 and FAK knockdown xenograft model we show here, for the first time, that ablation of either PYK2 or FAK decreases primary tumor size and significantly reduces Tumor MicroEnvironment of Metastasis (TMEM) doorway activation, leading to decreased intravasation and reduced spontaneous lung metastasis. Intravital imaging analysis further demonstrates that PYK2, but not FAK, regulates a motility phenotype switch between focal adhesion-mediated fast motility and invadopodia-dependent, ECM-degradation associated slow motility within the primary tumor. Furthermore, we validate our in vivo and intravital imaging results with integrated transcriptomic and proteomic data analysis from xenograft knockdown tumors and reveal new and distinct pathways by which these two homologous kinases regulate breast tumor cell invasiveness and consequent metastatic dissemination. Our findings identify PYK2 and FAK as novel mediators of mammary tumor progression and metastasis and as candidate therapeutic targets for breast cancer metastasis.
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Gao J, Li A, Fujii S, Huang F, Nakatomi C, Nakamura I, Honda H, Kiyoshima T, Jimi E. p130Cas is required for androgen-dependent postnatal development regulation of submandibular glands. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5144. [PMID: 36991029 PMCID: PMC10060253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands develop through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and are formed through repeated branching. The Crk-associated substrate protein (p130Cas) serves as an adapter that forms a complex with various proteins via integrin and growth factor signaling, with important regulatory roles in several essential cellular processes. We found that p130Cas is expressed in ductal epithelial cells of the submandibular gland (SMG). We generated epithelial tissue-specific p130Cas-deficient (p130CasΔepi-) mice and aimed to investigate the physiological role of p130Cas in the postnatal development of salivary glands. Histological analysis showed immature development of granular convoluted tubules (GCT) of the SMG in male p130CasΔepi- mice. Immunofluorescence staining showed that nuclear-localized androgen receptors (AR) were specifically decreased in GCT cells in p130CasΔepi- mice. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor-positive secretory granules contained in GCT cells were significantly reduced in p130CasΔepi- mice with downregulated AR signaling. GCTs lacking p130Cas showed reduced numbers and size of secretory granules, disrupted subcellular localization of the cis-Golgi matrix protein GM130, and sparse endoplasmic reticulum membranes in GCT cells. These results suggest that p130Cas plays a crucial role in androgen-dependent GCT development accompanied with ER-Golgi network formation in SMG by regulating the AR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Aonan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujii
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fei Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nakatomi
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Yugawara Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, 2-21-6 Chuo, Yugawara, Ashigara-shimo, Kanagawa, 259-0396, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eijiro Jimi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
- Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Masalha M, Meningher T, Mizrahi A, Barzilai A, Tabibian-Keissar H, Gur-Wahnon D, Ben-Dov IZ, Kapenhas J, Jacob-Hirsch J, Leibowitz R, Sidi Y, Avni D. MiR-199a-3p Induces Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition of Keratinocytes by Targeting RAP2B. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315401. [PMID: 36499729 PMCID: PMC9741271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is an epidermal skin cancer that evolves from normal epidermis along several pre-malignant stages. Previously we found specific miRNAs alterations in each step along these stages. miR-199a-3p expression decreases at the transition to later stages. A crucial step for epithelial carcinoma cells to acquire invasive capacity is the disruption of cell-cell contacts and the gain of mesenchymal motile phenotype, a process known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study aims to study the role of decreased expression of miR-199a-3p in keratinocytes' EMT towards carcinogenesis. First, we measured miR-199a-3p in different stages of epidermal carcinogenesis. Then, we applied Photoactivatable Ribonucleoside-Enhanced Crosslinking and Immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) assay to search for possible biochemical targets of miR-199a-3p and verified that Ras-associated protein B2 (RAP2B) is a bona-fide target of miR-199a-3p. Next, we analyzed RAP2B expression, in CSCC biopsies. Last, we evaluated possible mechanisms leading to decreased miR-199a-3p expression. miR-199a-3p induces a mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) in CSSC cells. Many of the under-expressed genes in CSCC overexpressing miR-199a-3p, are possible targets of miR-199a-3p and play roles in EMT. RAP2B is a biochemical target of miR-199a-3p. Overexpression of miR-199a-3p in CSCC results in decreased phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK). In addition, inhibiting FAK phosphorylation inhibits EMT marker genes' expression. In addition, we proved that DNA methylation is part of the mechanism by which miR-199a-3p expression is inhibited. However, it is not by the methylation of miR-199a putative promoter. These findings suggest that miR-199a-3p inhibits the EMT process by targeting RAP2B. Inhibitors of RAP2B or FAK may be effective therapeutic agents for CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moamen Masalha
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tal Meningher
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Adi Mizrahi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Aviv Barzilai
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Pathology Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | | | - Devorah Gur-Wahnon
- Laboratory of Medical Transcriptomics, Nephrology and Hypertension Services, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Iddo Z. Ben-Dov
- Laboratory of Medical Transcriptomics, Nephrology and Hypertension Services, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Joshua Kapenhas
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | | | - Raya Leibowitz
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Oncology institute, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Sidi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dror Avni
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-5307479
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13
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Zhang Z, Li J, Jiao S, Han G, Zhu J, Liu T. Functional and clinical characteristics of focal adhesion kinases in cancer progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1040311. [PMID: 36407100 PMCID: PMC9666724 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1040311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase and an adaptor protein that primarily regulates adhesion signaling and cell migration. FAK promotes cell survival in response to stress. Increasing evidence has shown that at the pathological level, FAK is highly expressed in multiple tumors in several systems (including lung, liver, gastric, and colorectal cancers) and correlates with tumor aggressiveness and patient prognosis. At the molecular level, FAK promotes tumor progression mainly by altering survival signals, invasive capacity, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, the tumor microenvironment, the Warburg effect, and stemness of tumor cells. Many effective drugs have been developed based on the comprehensive role of FAK in tumor cells. In addition, its potential as a tumor marker cannot be ignored. Here, we discuss the pathological and pre-clinical evidence of the role of FAK in cancer development; we hope that these findings will assist in FAK-based clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Simin Jiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guangda Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaming Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianzhou Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Tianzhou Liu,
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Vellichirammal NN, Sethi S, Pandey S, Singh J, Wise SY, Carpenter AD, Fatanmi OO, Guda C, Singh VK. Lung transcriptome of nonhuman primates exposed to total- and partial-body irradiation. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:584-598. [PMID: 36090752 PMCID: PMC9418744 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The focus of radiation biodosimetry has changed recently, and a paradigm shift for using molecular technologies of omic platforms in addition to cytogenetic techniques has been observed. In our study, we have used a nonhuman primate model to investigate the impact of a supralethal dose of 12 Gy radiation on alterations in the lung transcriptome. We used 6 healthy and 32 irradiated animal samples to delineate radiation-induced changes. We also used a medical countermeasure, γ-tocotrienol (GT3), to observe any changes. We demonstrate significant radiation-induced changes in the lung transcriptome for total-body irradiation (TBI) and partial-body irradiation (PBI). However, no major influence of GT3 on radiation was noted in either comparison. Several common signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, GADD45, and p53, were upregulated in both exposures. TBI activated DNA-damage-related pathways in the lungs, whereas PTEN signaling was activated after PBI. Our study highlights the various transcriptional profiles associated with γ- and X-ray exposures, and the associated pathways include LXR/RXR activation in TBI, whereas pulmonary wound-healing and pulmonary fibrosis signaling was repressed in PBI. Our study provides important insights into the molecular pathways associated with irradiation that can be further investigated for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahil Sethi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sanjit Pandey
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Y. Wise
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alana D. Carpenter
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oluseyi O. Fatanmi
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vijay K. Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Targeting Cellular Components of the Tumor Microenvironment in Solid Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174278. [PMID: 36077813 PMCID: PMC9454727 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment comprises numerous different cellular players that engage transformed cancer cells and may exert pro- vs anti-tumor functions. Their crosstalk, functionality, as well as cell recruitment to cancer lesions, is chiefly dictated by cytokines/chemokines-receptor pairs and these axes can represent therapeutic vulnerabilities—as for immune checkpoint blockers. In this review, we recapitulate the main drivers of cellular TME dynamics, interactions, and functionality, mainly focusing on T lymphocytes, macrophages and cancer associated fibroblasts, also providing an outlook on state-of-the-art TME-targeting agents. Abstract Cancers are composed of transformed cells, characterized by aberrant growth and invasiveness, in close relationship with non-transformed healthy cells and stromal tissue. The latter two comprise the so-called tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a key role in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, metastatic seeding, and therapy resistance. In these regards, cancer-TME interactions are complex and dynamic, with malignant cells actively imposing an immune-suppressive and tumor-promoting state on surrounding, non-transformed, cells. Immune cells (both lymphoid and myeloid) can be recruited from the circulation and/or bone marrow by means of chemotactic signals, and their functionality is hijacked upon arrival at tumor sites. Molecular characterization of tumor-TME interactions led to the introduction of novel anti-cancer therapies targeting specific components of the TME, such as immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) (i.e., anti-programmed death 1, anti-PD1; anti-Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4, anti-CTLA4). However, ICB resistance often develops and, despite the introduction of newer technologies able to study the TME at the single-cell level, a detailed understanding of all tumor-TME connections is still largely lacking. In this work, we highlight the main cellular and extracellular components of the TME, discuss their dynamics and functionality, and provide an outlook on the most relevant clinical data obtained with novel TME-targeting agents, with a focus on T lymphocytes, macrophages, and cancer-associated fibroblasts.
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Chuang HH, Huang MS, Zhen YY, Chuang CH, Lee YR, Hsiao M, Yang CJ. FAK Executes Anti-Senescence via Regulating EZH2 Signaling in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081937. [PMID: 36009484 PMCID: PMC9406208 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed in various cancer types that plays a critical role in tumor progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that targeting FAK, either alone or in combination with other agents, may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy for numerous cancers. In addition to retarding proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, FAK inhibition triggers cellular senescence in lung cancer cells. However, the detailed mechanism remains enigmatic. In the present study, we found that FAK inhibition not only elicits DNA-damage signaling but also downregulates enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) expression. The manipulation of FAK expression influences EZH2 expression and corresponding signaling in vitro. Immunohistochemistry shows that active FAK signaling corresponds with the activation of the EZH2-mediated signaling cascade in lung-cancer-cells-derived tumor tissues. We also found that ectopic EZH2 expression attenuates FAK-inhibition-induced cellular senescence in lung cancer cells. Our results identify EZH2 as a critical downstream effector of the FAK-mediated anti-senescence pathway. Targeting FAK-EZH2 axis-induced cellular senescence may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for restraining tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Hao Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yi Zhen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (C.-J.Y.); Tel.: +886-2-27871243 (M.H.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 5651) (C.-J.Y.)
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Faculty of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (C.-J.Y.); Tel.: +886-2-27871243 (M.H.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 5651) (C.-J.Y.)
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17
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MicroRNA-766-3p-mediated downregulation of HNF4G inhibits proliferation in colorectal cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:803-813. [PMID: 34158627 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a class of transcription factors that play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis, but their function in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Here, we investigate the role NRs play in CRC pathogenesis. We found that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma (HNF4G; NR2A2), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4A; NR2A1), and retinoid-related orphan receptor γ (RORC; NR1F3) were significantly upregulated in CRC tissues analyzed by GEPIA bioinformatics tool. The expression of HNF4G was examined in CRC samples and cell lines by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. Increased expression of HNF4G was strongly associated with high tumor-node-metastasis stage and poor prognosis. Moreover, overexpression of HNF4G significantly promoted the proliferation of CRC cells in vitro. Next, we found that HNF4G promoted CRC proliferation via the PI3K/AKT pathway through targeting of GNG12 and PTK2. In addition, HNF4G was verified as a direct target of microRNA-766-3p (miR-766-3p). miR-766-3p inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells by targeting HNF4G in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our study indicates that miR-766-3p reduces the proliferation of CRC cells by targeting HNF4G expression and thus inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway. Therefore, development of therapies which target the miR-766-3p/HNF4G axis may aid in the treatment of CRC.
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18
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Pally D, Banerjee M, Hussain S, Kumar RV, Petersson A, Rosendal E, Gunnarsson L, Peterson K, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Bhat R. Galectin-9 Signaling Drives Breast Cancer Invasion through Extracellular Matrix. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1376-1386. [PMID: 35605245 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aberrations in glycan and lectin expression and function represent one of the earliest hallmarks of cancer. Among galectins, a conserved family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, the role of Galectin-9 in immune-tumor interactions is well-established, although its effect on cancer cell behavior remains unclear. In this study, we assayed for, and observed, an association between Galectin-9 expression and invasiveness of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Genetic perturbation and pharmacological inhibition using novel cognate inhibitors confirmed a positive correlation between Galectin-9 levels and the adhesion of invasive cancer cells to─and their invasion through─constituted organomimetic extracellular matrix microenvironments. Signaling experiments and unbiased quantitative proteomics revealed Galectin-9 induction of Focal Adhesion Kinase activity and S100A4 expression, respectively. FAK inhibition decreased S100A4 mRNA levels. Our results provide crucial insights into how elevated Galectin-9 expression potentiates the invasiveness of breast cancer cells during early steps of invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharma Pally
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Mallar Banerjee
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha V. Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Ebba Rosendal
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Hakon Leffler
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Glycobiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramray Bhat
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
- Centre of BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
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19
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Yang X, Lei G, Wang J, Wen Z, Ma Z, Zhao Y, Ren H, Xie H. Integrative immunogenomic analysis reveals transcriptional and immune-related differences in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with different disease-free survival. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1752-1765. [PMID: 35530269 PMCID: PMC9077058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation of the neoantigen spectrum and immune infiltration in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is lacking. This study aimed to examine the molecular features correlating with better prognoses in HCC patients. 27 paired tumor and normal tissues from 27 HCC patients were collected and performed with whole-exome sequencing. The most frequently mutated gene in 27 HCC patients was TP53 (16/27, 59.26%). Based on the whole median disease-free survival (DFS), all patients were divided into 'long-term' (n = 14, median DFS = 318 weeks) and 'short-term' (n = 13, median DFS = 11 weeks) groups. RNA-seq was performed to compare differentially expressed genes, immune infiltration, and neoantigens. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the immune infiltration. There were no significant differences in tumor mutation burden, immune score, cytolytic activity score, or neoantigen load between two groups. Compared with the long-term group, significantly increased B lineage (P = 0.0463), myeloid dendritic cells (P = 0.0152), and fibroblast (P = 0.0244) infiltration levels were observed in the short-term group, in which genes involved in ribosome, proteasome, and ECM-receptor interaction pathways were also overexpressed. Additionally, 16 patients with tumor thrombus were explored to identify specific biomarkers for prognosis. We found that patients with tumor thrombus carrying TP53/ARID2 neoantigens had significantly longer DFS. In conclusion, higher B lineage, myeloid dendritic cells, and fibroblast infiltration levels might cause poor prognosis in the short-term group, which also showed higher expression of genes involved in ribosome, proteasome, and ECM-receptor interaction pathways. In patients with tumor thrombus, specific TP53/ARID2 neoantigens may be used as biomarkers toward personalized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Yang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin 300060, China
| | - Guanglin Lei
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100039, China
| | - Junxiao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenyu Wen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenhu Ma
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100039, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100039, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100039, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100039, China
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20
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Bai S, Wang Z, Wang M, Li J, Wei Y, Xu R, Du J. Tumor-Derived Exosomes Modulate Primary Site Tumor Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:752818. [PMID: 35309949 PMCID: PMC8924426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.752818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) are actively produced and released by tumor cells and carry messages from tumor cells to healthy cells or abnormal cells, and they participate in tumor metastasis. In this review, we explore the underlying mechanism of action of TDEs in tumor metastasis. TDEs transport tumor-derived proteins and non-coding RNA to tumor cells and promote migration. Transport to normal cells, such as vascular endothelial cells and immune cells, promotes angiogenesis, inhibits immune cell activation, and improves chances of tumor implantation. Thus, TDEs contribute to tumor metastasis. We summarize the function of TDEs and their components in tumor metastasis and illuminate shortcomings for advancing research on TDEs in tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Bai
- Longgang District People´s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zunyun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Longgang District People´s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junai Li
- Longgang District People´s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Longgang District People´s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruihuan Xu
- Longgang District People´s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Du
- Longgang District People´s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Chivu-Economescu M, Necula LG, Matei L, Dragu D, Bleotu C, Sorop A, Herlea V, Dima S, Popescu I, Diaconu CC. Collagen Family and Other Matrix Remodeling Proteins Identified by Bioinformatics Analysis as Hub Genes Involved in Gastric Cancer Progression and Prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063214. [PMID: 35328635 PMCID: PMC8950589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer has remained in the top five cancers for over ten years, both in terms of incidence and mortality due to the shortage of biomarkers for disease follow-up and effective therapies. Aiming to fill this gap, we performed a bioinformatics assessment on our data and two additional GEO microarray profiles, followed by a deep analysis of the 40 differentially expressed genes identified. PPI network analysis and MCODE plug-in pointed out nine upregulated hub genes coding for proteins from the collagen family (COL12A1, COL5A2, and COL10A1) or involved in the assembly (BGN) or degradation of collagens (CTHRC1), and also associated with cell adhesion (THBS2 and SPP1) and extracellular matrix degradation (FAP, SULF1). Those genes were highly upregulated at the mRNA and protein level, the increase being correlated with pathological T stages. The high expression of BGN (p = 8 × 10−12), THBS2 (p = 1.2 × 10−6), CTHRC1 (p = 1.1 × 10−4), SULF1 (p = 3.8 × 10−4), COL5A1 (p = 1.3 × 10−4), COL10A1 (p = 5.7 × 10−4), COL12A1 (p = 2 × 10−3) correlated with poor overall survival and an immune infiltrate based especially on immunosuppressive M2 macrophages (p-value range 4.82 × 10−7–1.63 × 10−13). Our results emphasize that these genes could be candidate biomarkers for GC progression and prognosis and new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Chivu-Economescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.G.N.); (L.M.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (C.C.D.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +40-21-324-2592
| | - Laura G. Necula
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.G.N.); (L.M.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (C.C.D.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 040441 Bucharest, Romania; (V.H.); (I.P.)
| | - Lilia Matei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.G.N.); (L.M.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (C.C.D.)
| | - Denisa Dragu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.G.N.); (L.M.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (C.C.D.)
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.G.N.); (L.M.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (C.C.D.)
| | - Andrei Sorop
- Center of Excellence for Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (A.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Vlad Herlea
- Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 040441 Bucharest, Romania; (V.H.); (I.P.)
- Department of Pathology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Dima
- Center of Excellence for Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (A.S.); (S.D.)
- Center of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irinel Popescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 040441 Bucharest, Romania; (V.H.); (I.P.)
- Center of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen C. Diaconu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.G.N.); (L.M.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (C.C.D.)
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22
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FAK in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031726. [PMID: 35163650 PMCID: PMC8836199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is overexpressed and activated in many cancer types. FAK regulates diverse cellular processes, including growth factor signaling, cell cycle progression, cell survival, cell motility, angiogenesis, and the establishment of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments through kinase-dependent and kinase-independent scaffolding functions in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Mounting evidence has indicated that targeting FAK, either alone or in combination with other agents, may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for various cancers. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying FAK-mediated signaling networks during tumor development. We also summarize the recent progress of FAK-targeted small-molecule compounds for anticancer activity from preclinical and clinical evidence.
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Kumar B, Adebayo AK, Prasad M, Capitano ML, Wang R, Bhat-Nakshatri P, Anjanappa M, Simpson E, Chen D, Liu Y, Schilder JM, Colter AB, Maguire C, Temm CJ, Sandusky G, Doud EH, Wijeratne AB, Mosley AL, Broxmeyer HE, Nakshatri H. Tumor collection/processing under physioxia uncovers highly relevant signaling networks and drug sensitivity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabh3375. [PMID: 35020422 PMCID: PMC8754301 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh3375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies of primary cancer cells are typically done after tumors are removed from patients or animals at ambient atmospheric oxygen (O2, ~21%). However, O2 concentrations in organs are in the ~3 to 10% range, with most tumors in a hypoxic or 1 to 2% O2 environment in vivo. Although effects of O2 tension on tumor cell characteristics in vitro have been studied, these studies are done only after tumors are first collected and processed in ambient air. Similarly, sensitivity of primary cancer cells to anticancer agents is routinely examined at ambient O2. Here, we demonstrate that tumors collected, processed, and propagated at physiologic O2 compared to ambient air display distinct differences in key signaling networks including LGR5/WNT, YAP, and NRF2/KEAP1, nuclear reactive oxygen species, alternative splicing, and sensitivity to targeted therapies. Therefore, evaluating cancer cells under physioxia could more closely recapitulate their physiopathologic status in the in vivo microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Adedeji K. Adebayo
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mayuri Prasad
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Maegan L. Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ruizhong Wang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Manjushree Anjanappa
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Edward Simpson
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Duojiao Chen
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jeanne M. Schilder
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Austyn B. Colter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Callista Maguire
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Constance J. Temm
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - George Sandusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Emma H. Doud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Aruna B. Wijeratne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amber L. Mosley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hal E. Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- VA Roudebush Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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24
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BHMPS Inhibits Breast Cancer Migration and Invasion by Disrupting Rab27a-Mediated EGFR and Fibronectin Secretion. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020373. [PMID: 35053535 PMCID: PMC8773646 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Numerous studies targeting Rab GTPases and its multiple effectors have been attempted since exocytosis has been shown to alter tumor malignancy by modulating cancer cell behavior and tumor microenvironment. Here, we demonstrated that BHMPS inhibits migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by blocking the interaction between Rab27a and Slp4. BHMPS interfered with vesicle trafficking and secretion by decreasing FAK and JNK activation. In addition, BHMPS suppressed tumor growth in Rab27a-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice. This study highlighted the importance of understanding the mechanisms of Rab27a-mediated metastasis in improving the therapeutic options for metastatic cancers. Abstract Our previous work demonstrated that (E)-N-benzyl-6-(2-(3, 4-dihydroxybenzylidene) hydrazinyl)-N-methylpyridine-3-sulfonamide (BHMPS), a novel synthetic inhibitor of Rab27aSlp(s) interaction, suppresses tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Here, we aimed to further investigate the mechanisms of action and biological significance of BHMPS. BHMPS decreased the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factors through inhibition of focal adhesion kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation, thereby reducing the migration and invasion of breast cancer. Additionally, knockdown of Rab27a inhibited tumor migration, with changes in related signaling molecules, whereas overexpression of Rab27a reversed this phenomenon. BHMPS effectively prevented the interaction of Rab27a and its effector Slp4, which was verified by co-localization, immunoprecipitation, and in situ proximity ligation assays. BHMPS decreased the secretion of epidermal growth factor receptor and fibronectin by interfering with vesicle trafficking, as indicated by increased perinuclear accumulation of CD63-positive vesicles. Moreover, administration of BHMPS suppressed tumor growth in Rab27a-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice. These findings suggest that BHMPS may be a promising candidate for attenuating tumor migration and invasion by blocking Rab27a-mediated exocytosis.
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25
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He J, Zhang S, Qiu Z, Li X, Huang H, Jin W, Xu Y, Shao G, Wang L, Meng J, Wang S, Geng X, Jia Y, Li M, Yang B, Jenny Lu HA, Zhou H. Inhibiting Focal Adhesion Kinase Ameliorates Cyst Development in Polycystin-1-Deficient Polycystic Kidney Disease in Animal Model. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2159-2174. [PMID: 34465607 PMCID: PMC8729842 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by numerous cysts originating from renal tubules and is associated with significant tubular epithelial cell proliferation. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) promotes tumor growth by regulating multiple proliferative pathways. METHODS We established the forskolin (FSK)-induced three-dimensional (3D) Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cystogenesis model and 8-bromoadenosine-3`,5`-cyclic monophosphate-stimulated cyst formation in ex vivo embryonic kidney culture. Cultured human renal cyst-lining cells (OX-161) and normal tubular epithelial cells were treated with FAK inhibitors or transfected with green fluorescent protein-tagged FAK mutant plasmids for proliferation study. Furthermore, we examined the role of FAK in two transgenic ADPKD animal models, the kidney-specific Pkd1 knockout and the collecting duct-specific Pkd1 knockout mouse models. RESULTS FAK activity was significantly elevated in OX-161 cells and in two ADPKD mouse models. Inhibiting FAK activity reduced cell proliferation in OX-161 cells and prevented cyst growth in ex vivo and 3D cyst models. In tissue-specific Pkd1 knockout mouse models, FAK inhibitors retarded cyst development and mitigated renal function decline. Mechanically, FSK stimulated FAK activation in tubular epithelial cells, which was blocked by a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor. Inhibition of FAK activation by inhibitors or transfected cells with mutant FAK constructs interrupted FSK-mediated Src activation and upregulation of ERK and mTOR pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the critical involvement of FAK in renal cyst development, suggests that FAK is a potential therapeutic target in treating patients with ADPKD, and highlights the role of FAK in cAMP-PKA-regulated proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhao He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China,Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Huang
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William Jin
- Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangying Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingli Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hua A. Jenny Lu
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Combined intermittent fasting and ERK inhibition enhance the anti-tumor effects of chemotherapy via the GSK3β-SIRT7 axis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5058. [PMID: 34433808 PMCID: PMC8387475 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary interventions such as intermittent fasting (IF) have emerged as an attractive strategy for cancer therapies; therefore, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is pivotal. Here, we find SIRT7 decline markedly attenuates the anti-tumor effect of IF. Mechanistically, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylating SIRT7 at T263 triggers further phosphorylation at T255/S259 by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), which stabilizes SIRT7 by decoupling E3 ligase UBR5. SIRT7 hyperphosphorylation achieves anti-tumor activity by disrupting the SKP2-SCF E3 ligase, thus preventing SKP2-mediated K63-linked AKT polyubiquitination and subsequent activation. In contrast, GSK3β-SIRT7 axis is inhibited by EGF/ERK2 signaling, with ERK2 inactivating GSK3β, thus accelerating SIRT7 degradation. Unfavorably, glucose deprivation or chemotherapy hijacks the GSK3β-SIRT7 axis via ERK2, thus activating AKT and ensuring survival. Notably, Trametinib, an FDA-approved MEK inhibitor, enhances the efficacy of combination therapy with doxorubicin and IF. Overall, we have revealed the GSK3β-SIRT7 axis that must be fine-tuned in the face of the energetic and oncogenic stresses in malignancy. The combination of intermittent fasting and chemotherapy can improve the response to treatment. Here, the authors show that SIRT7 activation is required to inactivate Akt during intermittent fasting and that the combination of intermittent fasting and inhibitors that block the Erk pathway can improve efficacy of treatment.
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27
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Saha T, Gil-Henn H. Invadopodia, a Kingdom of Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082037. [PMID: 34440806 PMCID: PMC8391121 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs) are crucial mediators of intracellular signaling and control a wide variety of processes such as cell division, morphogenesis, and motility. Aberrant NRTK-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation has been linked to various human disorders and diseases, among them cancer metastasis, to which no treatment presently exists. Invasive cancer cells leaving the primary tumor use invadopodia, feet-like structures which facilitate extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and intravasation, to escape the primary tumor and disseminate into distant tissues and organs during metastasis. A major challenge in metastasis research is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying invadopodia regulation, as the general belief is that targeting these structures can potentially lead to the eradication of cancer metastasis. Non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs) play a central role in regulating invadopodia formation and function, but how they coordinate the signaling leading to these processes was not clear until recently. Here, we describe the major NRTKs that rule invadopodia and how they work in concert while keeping an accurate hierarchy to control tumor cell invasiveness and dissemination.
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28
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Pang XJ, Liu XJ, Liu Y, Liu WB, Li YR, Yu GX, Tian XY, Zhang YB, Song J, Jin CY, Zhang SY. Drug Discovery Targeting Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) as a Promising Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144250. [PMID: 34299525 PMCID: PMC8308130 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
FAK is a nonreceptor intracellular tyrosine kinase which plays an important biological function. Many studies have found that FAK is overexpressed in many human cancer cell lines, which promotes tumor cell growth by controlling cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival. Therefore, targeting FAK is considered to be a promising cancer therapy with small molecules. Many FAK inhibitors have been reported as anticancer agents with various mechanisms. Currently, six FAK inhibitors, including GSK-2256098 (Phase I), VS-6063 (Phase II), CEP-37440 (Phase I), VS-6062 (Phase I), VS-4718 (Phase I), and BI-853520 (Phase I) are undergoing clinical trials in different phases. Up to now, there have been many novel FAK inhibitors with anticancer activity reported by different research groups. In addition, FAK degraders have been successfully developed through “proteolysis targeting chimera” (PROTAC) technology, opening up a new way for FAK-targeted therapy. In this paper, the structure and biological function of FAK are reviewed, and we summarize the design, chemical types, and activity of FAK inhibitors according to the development of FAK drugs, which provided the reference for the discovery of new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Pang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.-J.P.); (X.-J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.-B.L.); (Y.-B.Z.)
| | - Xiu-Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.-J.P.); (X.-J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.-B.L.); (Y.-B.Z.)
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.-J.P.); (X.-J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.-B.L.); (Y.-B.Z.)
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.-J.P.); (X.-J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.-B.L.); (Y.-B.Z.)
| | - Yin-Ru Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.-R.L.); (G.-X.Y.); (X.-Y.T.)
| | - Guang-Xi Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.-R.L.); (G.-X.Y.); (X.-Y.T.)
| | - Xin-Yi Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.-R.L.); (G.-X.Y.); (X.-Y.T.)
| | - Yan-Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.-J.P.); (X.-J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.-B.L.); (Y.-B.Z.)
| | - Jian Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.-J.P.); (X.-J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.-B.L.); (Y.-B.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.-R.L.); (G.-X.Y.); (X.-Y.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (C.-Y.J.); (S.-Y.Z.)
| | - Cheng-Yun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.-J.P.); (X.-J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.-B.L.); (Y.-B.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.-R.L.); (G.-X.Y.); (X.-Y.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (C.-Y.J.); (S.-Y.Z.)
| | - Sai-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.-J.P.); (X.-J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.-B.L.); (Y.-B.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.-R.L.); (G.-X.Y.); (X.-Y.T.)
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (C.-Y.J.); (S.-Y.Z.)
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29
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Qian D, Zheng Q, Wu D, Ye B, Qian Y, Zhou T, Qiu J, Meng X. Integrated Analysis of ceRNA Network Reveals Prognostic and Metastasis Associated Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:670138. [PMID: 34055638 PMCID: PMC8158160 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.670138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is a malignancy and lethal tumor in women. Metastasis of breast cancer is one of the causes of poor prognosis. Increasing evidences have suggested that the competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) were associated with the metastasis of breast cancer. Nonetheless, potential roles of ceRNAs in regulating the metastasis of breast cancer remain unclear. Methods The RNA expression (3 levels) and follow-up data of breast cancer and noncancerous tissue samples were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed and metastasis associated RNAs were identified for functional analysis and constructing the metastasis associated ceRNA network by comprehensively bioinformatic analysis. The Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curve was utilized to screen the prognostic RNAs in metastasis associated ceRNA network. Moreover, we further identified the metastasis associated biomarkers with operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Ultimately, the data of Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE, https://portals.broadinstitute.org/ccle) website were selected to obtained the reliable metastasis associated biomarkers. Results 1005 mRNAs, 22 miRNAs and 164 lncRNAs were screened as differentially expressed and metastasis associated RNAs. The results of GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that these RNAs are mainly associated with the metabolic processes and stress responses. Next, a metastasis associated ceRNA (including 104 mRNAs, 19 miRNAs, and 16 lncRNAs) network was established, and 12 RNAs were found to be related to the overall survival (OS) of patients. In addition, 3 RNAs (hsa-miR-105-5p, BCAR1, and PANX2) were identified to serve as reliable metastasis associated biomarkers. Eventually, the results of mechanism analysis suggested that BCAR1 might promote the metastasis of breast cancer by facilitating Rap 1 signaling pathway. Conclusion In the present research, we identified 3 RNAs (hsa-miR-105-5p, BCAR1 and PANX2) might associated with prognosis and metastasis of breast cancer, which might be provide a new perspective for metastasis of breast cancer and contributed to the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Qian
- College of Medicine, Soochow University, Soochow, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery-Hand Surgery, First People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Qinghui Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danping Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Buyun Ye
- Second Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Qian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Second Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuli Meng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Rigiracciolo DC, Cirillo F, Talia M, Muglia L, Gutkind JS, Maggiolini M, Lappano R. Focal Adhesion Kinase Fine Tunes Multifaced Signals toward Breast Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:645. [PMID: 33562737 PMCID: PMC7915897 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer represents the most common diagnosed malignancy and the main leading cause of tumor-related death among women worldwide. Therefore, several efforts have been made in order to identify valuable molecular biomarkers for the prognosis and prediction of therapeutic responses in breast tumor patients. In this context, emerging discoveries have indicated that focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, might represent a promising target involved in breast tumorigenesis. Of note, high FAK expression and activity have been tightly correlated with a poor clinical outcome and metastatic features in several tumors, including breast cancer. Recently, a role for the integrin-FAK signaling in mechanotransduction has been suggested and the function of FAK within the breast tumor microenvironment has been ascertained toward tumor angiogenesis and vascular permeability. FAK has been also involved in cancer stem cells (CSCs)-mediated initiation, maintenance and therapeutic responses of breast tumors. In addition, the potential of FAK to elicit breast tumor-promoting effects has been even associated with the capability to modulate immune responses. On the basis of these findings, several agents targeting FAK have been exploited in diverse preclinical tumor models. Here, we recapitulate the multifaceted action exerted by FAK and its prognostic significance in breast cancer. Moreover, we highlight the recent clinical evidence regarding the usefulness of FAK inhibitors in the treatment of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Cosimo Rigiracciolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.); (L.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.); (L.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Marianna Talia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.); (L.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Lucia Muglia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.); (L.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Jorge Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.); (L.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.); (L.M.); (R.L.)
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Mao CG, Jiang SS, Shen C, Long T, Jin H, Tan QY, Deng B. BCAR1 promotes proliferation and cell growth in lung adenocarcinoma via upregulation of POLR2A. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:3326-3336. [PMID: 33001583 PMCID: PMC7606008 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the effects of a novel carcinogenetic molecule, p130cas (breast cancer antiestrogen resistance protein 1 or BCAR1) on proliferation and cell growth in lung adenocarcinoma. The study also aimed to identify the possible underlying signal networks of BCAR1. METHODS First, we evaluated proliferation, cell colony formation, apoptosis, and cell cycle after BCAR1 was knocked out (KO) using CRISPR-Cas9 technology in H1975 and H1299 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Subsequently, BCAR1 was upregulated in 293T cells and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) was used with bioinformatics analysis to screen for potential networks of BCAR1 interacting proteins. Ultimately, we validated the correlated expressions of BCAR1 and a selected hub gene, RNA polymerase II subunit A (POLR2A), in 54 lung adenocarcinoma tissues, as well as in H1975 and H1299 cells. RESULTS Cell proliferation of H1975 and H1299 was significantly inhibited following BCAR1-KO. Colony formation of H1975 cells was also significantly decreased following BCAR1-KO. IP-MS demonstrated 419 potential proteins that may interact with BCAR1. Among them, 68 genes were significantly positively correlated to BCAR1 expression, as verified by TCGA. Six hub genes were revealed by PPI String. High expression of POLR2A, MAPK3, MOV10, and XAB2 predicted poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma, as verified by the K-M plotter database. POLR2A and MAPK3 are involved in both catalytic activity and transferase activity. POLR2A and BCAR1 were significantly increased in lung cancer tissues as compared with matched normal tissues. High expression of POLR2A was significantly positively correlated to BCAR1 overexpression and predicted poor prognosis in 54 lung cancer cases. POLR2A expression was significantly decreased following BCAR1-KO in H1975 and H1299 cells. CONCLUSIONS BCAR1 promotes proliferation and cell growth, probably via upregulation of POLR2A and subsequent enhancement of catalytic and transferase activities. However, additional robust studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Guo Mao
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sha-Sha Jiang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tan Long
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qun-You Tan
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Damman R, Lucini Paioni A, Xenaki KT, Beltrán Hernández I, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Baldus M. Development of in vitro-grown spheroids as a 3D tumor model system for solid-state NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2020; 74:401-412. [PMID: 32562030 PMCID: PMC7508937 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-020-00328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of in-cell NMR spectroscopy have made it possible to study proteins in the context of bacterial or mammalian cell extracts or even entire cells. As most mammalian cells are part of a multi-cellular complex, there is a need to develop novel NMR approaches enabling the study of proteins within the complexity of a 3D cellular environment. Here we investigate the use of the hanging drop method to grow spheroids which are homogenous in size and shape as a model system to study solid tumors using solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy. We find that these spheroids are stable under magic-angle-spinning conditions and show a clear change in metabolic profile as compared to single cell preparations. Finally, we utilize dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-supported ssNMR measurements to show that low concentrations of labelled nanobodies targeting EGFR (7D12) can be detected inside the spheroids. These findings suggest that solid-state NMR can be used to directly examine proteins or other biomolecules in a 3D cellular microenvironment with potential applications in pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinier Damman
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Lucini Paioni
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katerina T Xenaki
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Irati Beltrán Hernández
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M P van Bergen En Henegouwen
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marc Baldus
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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FAK inhibition radiosensitizes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Strahlenther Onkol 2020; 197:27-38. [PMID: 32705304 PMCID: PMC7801360 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-020-01666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase protein frequently overexpressed in cancer and has been linked to an increase in the stem cell population of tumors, resistance to therapy, and metastatic spread. Pharmacological FAK inhibition in pancreatic cancer has received increased attention over the last few years, either alone or in combination with other therapeutics including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, its prognostic value and its role in radioresistance of pancreatic ducal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is unknown. Methods and materials Using the TCGA and GTEx databases, we investigated the genetic alterations and mRNA expression levels of PTK2 (the encoding-gene for FAK) in normal pancreatic tissue and pancreatic cancer and its impact on patient survival. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression of FAK and its tyrosine domain Ty-397 in three pancreatic cancer cell lines. We went further and evaluated the role of a commercial FAK tyrosine kinase inhibitor VS-4718 on the viability and radiosensitization of the pancreatic cell lines as well as its effect on the extracellular matrix (ECM) production from the pancreatic stellate cells. Furthermore, we tested the effect of combining radiation with VS-4718 in a three-dimensional (3D) multicellular pancreatic tumor spheroid model. Results A database analysis revealed a relevant increase in genetic alterations and mRNA expression of the PTK2 in PDAC, which were associated with lower progression-free survival. In vitro, there was only variation in the basal phosphorylation level of FAK in cell lines. VS-4718 radiosensitized pancreatic cell lines only in the presence of ECM-producing pancreatic stellate cells and markedly reduced the ECM production in the stromal cells. Finally, using a 3D multicellular tumor model, the combination of VS-4718 and radiotherapy significantly reduced the growth of tumor aggregates. Conclusion Pharmacological inhibition of FAK in pancreatic cancer could be a novel therapeutic strategy as our results show a radiosensitization effect of VS-4718 in vitro in a multicellular 2D- and in a 3D-model of pancreatic cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00066-020-01666-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Paul R, Luo M, Mo X, Lu J, Yeo SK, Guan JL. FAK activates AKT-mTOR signaling to promote the growth and progression of MMTV-Wnt1-driven basal-like mammary tumors. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:59. [PMID: 32493400 PMCID: PMC7268629 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Hence, stratification of patients based on the subtype of breast cancer is key to its successful treatment. Among all the breast cancer subtypes, basal-like breast cancer is the most aggressive subtype with limited treatment options. Interestingly, we found focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, is highly overexpressed and activated in basal-like breast cancer. METHODS To understand the role of FAK in this subtype, we generated mice with conditional deletion of FAK and a knock-in mutation in its kinase domain in MMTV-Wnt1-driven basal-like mammary tumors. Tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis were characterized for these mice cohorts. Immunohistochemical and transcriptomic analysis of Wnt1-driven tumors were also performed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying FAK-dependent phenotypes. Pharmacological inhibition of FAK and mTOR in human basal-like breast cancer cell lines was also tested. RESULTS We found that in the absence of FAK or its kinase function, growth and metastasis of the tumors were significantly suppressed. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analyses of cleaved caspase 3 revealed that loss of FAK results in increased tumor cell apoptosis. To further investigate the mechanism by which FAK regulates survival of the Wnt1-driven tumor cells, we prepared an isogenic pair of mammary tumor cells with and without FAK and found that FAK ablation increased their sensitivity to ER stress-induced cell death, as well as reduced tumor cell migration and tumor sphere formation. Comparative transcriptomic profiling of the pair of tumor cells and gene set enrichment analysis suggested mTOR pathway to be downregulated upon loss of FAK. Immunoblot analyses further confirmed that absence of FAK results in reduction of AKT and downstream mTOR pathways. We also found that inhibition of FAK and mTOR pathways both induces apoptosis, indicating the importance of these pathways in regulating cell survival. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our studies show that in a basal-like tumor model, FAK is required for survival of the tumor cells and can serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Cell Proliferation/physiology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
- Mice, Transgenic
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Wnt1 Protein/genetics
- Wnt1 Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritama Paul
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xueying Mo
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jason Lu
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Syn Kok Yeo
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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Xiong F, Cao Y, Guo X, Zhang H, Wang J, Xiong B, Liang B, Zheng C. Improved ADM Penetration Distance and Therapeutic Efficiency in a Rabbit VX2 Liver Cancer Model by Relaxin Infusion Combined with Transcatheter Chemoembolization Through Hepatic Artery. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:3379-3388. [PMID: 32494202 PMCID: PMC7231763 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s223993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the adriamycin (ADM) pervasion distance within tumor stroma after relaxin (RLX) infusion through tumor feeding artery and further investigate the therapeutic effects of RLX infusion combined with transcatheter chemoembolization (TACE) on the rabbit VX2 liver cancer, since the chemotherapy impaired due to limited drug distribution hindered by stiffened tumor stroma. Materials and Methods In the first part, rabbits received normal saline (NS), RLX or combined with TACE, and the penetration distance of ADM was measured by immunofluorescence and the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were evaluated by gelatin substrate zymography in each group. In the second part, the rabbits received NS, TACE and RLX combined with TACE, respectively. The tumor growth rates, necrosis rates and intrahepatic metastasis were measured, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE), transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) and Ki67 staining were conducted in each group. Results In the first part, the expression of MMP-9 was increased in groups treated by RLX compared with NS group, especially three days after RLX infusion (p=0.001). The ADM penetration distance was significantly increased in groups treated by RLX compared with NS group (p<0.05), and it was farthest three days after RLX infusion. In the second part, compared with the NS and TACE groups, the tumor growth rates, the positive staining rates of Ki67 and the tumor growth rates were significantly decreased in RLX+TACE group (p<0.05). However, the positive staining rates of TUNEL and the tumor necrosis rates were significantly increased (p<0.05), and HE staining also revealed higher necrosis rates. The intrahepatic metastasis indicates no difference between the three groups (p=0.273). Conclusion An increased penetration distance was obtained by RLX infusion through tumor feeding artery, and better therapeutic effects were achieved by RLX combined with TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Cao
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Guo
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuansheng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, People's Republic of China
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Esophageal Cancer Development: Crucial Clues Arising from the Extracellular Matrix. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020455. [PMID: 32079295 PMCID: PMC7072790 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been reported as playing a relevant role in esophageal cancer (EC) development, with this compartment being related to several aspects of EC genesis and progression. This sounds very interesting due to the complexity of this highly incident and lethal tumor, which takes the sixth position in mortality among all tumor types worldwide. The well-established increase in ECM stiffness, which is able to trigger mechanotransduction signaling, is capable of regulating several malignant behaviors by converting alteration in ECM mechanics into cytoplasmatic biochemical signals. In this sense, it has been shown that some molecules play a key role in these events, particularly the different collagen isoforms, as well as enzymes related to its turnover, such as lysyl oxidase (LOX) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In fact, MMPs are not only involved in ECM stiffness, but also in other events related to ECM homeostasis, which includes ECM remodeling. Therefore, the crucial role of distinct MMPs isoform has already been reported, especially MMP-2, -3, -7, and -9, along EC development, thus strongly associating these proteins with the control of important cellular events during tumor progression, particularly in the process of invasion during metastasis establishment. In addition, by distinct mechanisms, a vast diversity of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, such as laminin, fibronectin, tenascin C, galectin, dermatan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid exert remarkable effects in esophageal malignant cells due to the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways mainly involved in cytoskeleton alterations during adhesion and migration processes. Finally, the wide spectrum of interactions potentially mediated by ECM may represent a singular intervention scenario in esophageal carcinogenesis natural history and, due to the scarce knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in EC development, the growing body of evidence on ECM’s role along esophageal carcinogenesis might provide a solid base to improve its management in the future.
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FAK signaling in cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes breast cancer cell migration and metastasis by exosomal miRNAs-mediated intercellular communication. Oncogene 2020; 39:2539-2549. [PMID: 31988451 PMCID: PMC7310603 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are activated fibroblasts that constitute the major components of tumor microenvironment (TME) and play crucial roles in tumor development and metastasis. Here, we generated fibroblast-specific inducible focal adhesion kinase (FAK) knockout (cKO) mice in a breast cancer model to study potential role and mechanisms of FAK signaling in CAF to promote breast cancer metastasis in vivo. While not affecting primary tumor development and growth, FAK deletion significantly suppressed breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Analyses of CAFs derived from cKO mice as well as human CAFs showed that FAK is required for their activity to promote mammary tumor cell migration. We further showed that FAK ablation in CAFs decreased their exosome amount and functions to promote tumor cell migration and other activities, which could contribute to the reduced metastasis observed in cKO mice. Lastly, profiling of miRs from CAF exosomes showed alterations of several exosomal miRs in FAK-null CAFs, and further analysis suggested that miR-16 and miR-148a enriched in exosomes from FAK-null CAFs contribute to the reduced tumor cell activities and metastasis. Together, these results identify a new role for FAK signaling in CAFs that regulate their intercellular communication with tumor cells to promote breast cancer metastasis.
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Zhang Y, Xu B, Shi J, Li J, Lu X, Xu L, Yang H, Hamad N, Wang C, Napier D, He S, Liu C, Liu Z, Qian H, Chen L, Wei X, Zheng X, Huang JA, Thibault O, Craven R, Wei D, Pan Y, Zhou BP, Wu Y, Yang XH. BRD4 modulates vulnerability of triple-negative breast cancer to targeting of integrin-dependent signaling pathways. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:1049-1066. [PMID: 33006750 PMCID: PMC7716866 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stemming from a myriad of genetic and epigenetic alterations, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is tied to poor clinical outcomes and aspires for individualized therapies. Here we investigated the therapeutic potential of co-inhibiting integrin-dependent signaling pathway and BRD4, a transcriptional and epigenetic mediator, for TNBC. METHODS Two independent patient cohorts were subjected to bioinformatic and IHC examination for clinical association of candidate cancer drivers. The efficacy and biological bases for co-targeting these drivers were interrogated using cancer cell lines, a protein kinase array, chemical inhibitors, RNAi/CRISPR/Cas9 approaches, and a 4 T1-Balb/c xenograft model. RESULTS We found that amplification of the chromosome 8q24 region occurred in nearly 20% of TNBC tumors, and that it coincided with co-upregulation or amplification of c-Myc and FAK, a key effector of integrin-dependent signaling. This co-upregulation at the mRNA or protein level correlated with a poor patient survival (p < 0.0109 or p < 0.0402, respectively). Furthermore, we found that 14 TNBC cell lines exhibited high vulnerabilities to the combination of JQ1 and VS-6063, potent pharmacological antagonists of the BRD4/c-Myc and integrin/FAK-dependent pathways, respectively. We also observed a cooperative inhibitory effect of JQ1 and VS-6063 on tumor growth and infiltration of Ly6G+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells in vivo. Finally, we found that JQ1 and VS-6063 cooperatively induced apoptotic cell death by altering XIAP, Bcl2/Bcl-xl and Bim levels, impairing c-Src/p130Cas-, PI3K/Akt- and RelA-associated signaling, and were linked to EMT-inducing transcription factor Snail- and Slug-dependent regulation. CONCLUSION Based on our results, we conclude that the BRD4/c-Myc- and integrin/FAK-dependent pathways act in concert to promote breast cancer cell survival and poor clinical outcomes. As such, they represent promising targets for a synthetic lethal-type of therapy against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingwei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlan Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Helen Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nevean Hamad
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Dana Napier
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Shuixiang He
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xucai Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science & Technology of China and Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Olivier Thibault
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Rolf Craven
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Dongping Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yueyin Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science & Technology of China and Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Yadi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Xiuwei H Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Abstract
Oncogenic activation of RAS isoforms leads tumor initiation and progression in many types of cancers and is gaining increasing interest as target for novel therapeutic strategies. In sharp contrast with other types of cancer, the importance of RAS in breast tumorigenesis has long been undermined by the low frequency of its oncogenic mutation in human breast lesions. Nevertheless, a wealth of studies over the last years have revealed how the engagement of RAS function might be mandatory downstream varied oncogenic alterations for the progression, metastatic dissemination, and therapy resistance in breast cancers. We review herein the major studies over the last three decades which have explored the controversial role of RAS proteins and their mutation status in breast tumorigenesis and have contributed to reveal their role as supporting actors, instead of as primary cause, in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Galiè
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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40
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Rabieifar P, Zhuang T, Costa TDF, Zhao M, Strömblad S. Normal mammary gland development after MMTV-Cre mediated conditional PAK4 gene depletion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14436. [PMID: 31594963 PMCID: PMC6783434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are serine/threonine kinases functioning as downstream effectors of the small GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42. Members of the PAK family are overexpressed in human breast cancer, but their role in mammary gland development is not fully explored. Here we examined the functional role of PAK4 in mammary gland development by creating a mouse model of MMTV-Cre driven conditional PAK4 gene depletion in the mammary gland. The PAK4 conditional knock-out mice were born healthy, with no observed developmental deficits. Mammary gland whole-mounts revealed no defects in ductal formation or elongation of the mammary tree through the fat pad. PAK4 gene depletion also did not alter proliferation and invasion of the mammary epithelium in young virgin mice. Moreover, adult mice gave birth to healthy pups with normal body weight upon weaning. This implies that MMTV-Cre induced gene depletion of PAK4 in mice does not impair normal mammary gland development and thereby provides an in vivo model that can be explored for examination of the potential function of PAK4 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rabieifar
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ting Zhuang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Tânia D F Costa
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Neuro-Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Staffan Strömblad
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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41
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Development of a Fragment-Based Screening Assay for the Focal Adhesion Targeting Domain Using SPR and NMR. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183352. [PMID: 31540099 PMCID: PMC6766811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Focal Adhesion Targeting (FAT) domain of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is a promising drug target since FAK is overexpressed in many malignancies and promotes cancer cell metastasis. The FAT domain serves as a scaffolding protein, and its interaction with the protein paxillin localizes FAK to focal adhesions. Various studies have highlighted the importance of FAT-paxillin binding in tumor growth, cell invasion, and metastasis. Targeting this interaction through high-throughput screening (HTS) provides a challenge due to the large and complex binding interface. In this report, we describe a novel approach to targeting FAT through fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD). We developed two fragment-based screening assays-a primary SPR assay and a secondary heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (HSQC-NMR) assay. For SPR, we designed an AviTag construct, optimized SPR buffer conditions, and created mutant controls. For NMR, resonance backbone assignments of the human FAT domain were obtained for the HSQC assay. A 189-compound fragment library from Enamine was screened through our primary SPR assay to demonstrate the feasibility of a FAT-FBDD pipeline, with 19 initial hit compounds. A final total of 11 validated hits were identified after secondary screening on NMR. This screening pipeline is the first FBDD screen of the FAT domain reported and represents a valid method for further drug discovery efforts on this difficult target.
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42
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Abstract
Cancers are not composed merely of cancer cells alone; instead, they are complex 'ecosystems' comprising many different cell types and noncellular factors. The tumour stroma is a critical component of the tumour microenvironment, where it has crucial roles in tumour initiation, progression, and metastasis. Most anticancer therapies target cancer cells specifically, but the tumour stroma can promote the resistance of cancer cells to such therapies, eventually resulting in fatal disease. Therefore, novel treatment strategies should combine anticancer and antistromal agents. Herein, we provide an overview of the advances in understanding the complex cancer cell-tumour stroma interactions and discuss how this knowledge can result in more effective therapeutic strategies, which might ultimately improve patient outcomes.
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43
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Cooper J, Giancotti FG. Integrin Signaling in Cancer: Mechanotransduction, Stemness, Epithelial Plasticity, and Therapeutic Resistance. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:347-367. [PMID: 30889378 PMCID: PMC6684107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrins mediate cell adhesion and transmit mechanical and chemical signals to the cell interior. Various mechanisms deregulate integrin signaling in cancer, empowering tumor cells with the ability to proliferate without restraint, to invade through tissue boundaries, and to survive in foreign microenvironments. Recent studies have revealed that integrin signaling drives multiple stem cell functions, including tumor initiation, epithelial plasticity, metastatic reactivation, and resistance to oncogene- and immune-targeted therapies. Here, we discuss the mechanisms leading to the deregulation of integrin signaling in cancer and its various consequences. We place emphasis on novel functions, determinants of context dependency, and mechanism-based therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cooper
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Filippo G Giancotti
- Department of Cancer Biology and David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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44
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Gemperle J, Dibus M, Koudelková L, Rosel D, Brábek J. The interaction of p130Cas with PKN3 promotes malignant growth. Mol Oncol 2018; 13:264-289. [PMID: 30422386 PMCID: PMC6360386 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein p130Cas constitutes an adaptor protein mainly involved in integrin signaling downstream of Src kinase. Owing to its modular structure, p130Cas acts as a general regulator of cancer cell growth and invasiveness induced by different oncogenes. However, other mechanisms of p130Cas signaling leading to malignant progression are poorly understood. Here, we show a novel interaction of p130Cas with Ser/Thr kinase PKN3, which is implicated in prostate and breast cancer growth downstream of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase. This direct interaction is mediated by the p130Cas SH3 domain and the centrally located PKN3 polyproline sequence. PKN3 is the first identified Ser/Thr kinase to bind and phosphorylate p130Cas and to colocalize with p130Cas in cell structures that have a pro‐invasive function. Moreover, the PKN3–p130Cas interaction is important for mouse embryonic fibroblast growth and invasiveness independent of Src transformation, indicating a mechanism distinct from that previously characterized for p130Cas. Together, our results suggest that the PKN3–p130Cas complex represents an attractive therapeutic target in late‐stage malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Gemperle
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science - Biocev, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Dibus
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science - Biocev, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Koudelková
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science - Biocev, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rosel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science - Biocev, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science - Biocev, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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45
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Jang HJ, Bak Y, Pham TH, Kwon SB, Kim BY, Hong J, Yoon DY. STK899704 inhibits stemness of cancer stem cells and migration via the FAK-MEK-ERK pathway in HT29 cells. BMB Rep 2018. [PMID: 30269740 PMCID: PMC6283024 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.11.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most lethal and common malignancies worldwide. STK899704, a novel synthetic agent, has been reported to exhibit anticancer effects towards numerous cancer cells. However, the effect of STK899704 on the biological properties of colon cancer, including cancer cell migration and cancer stem cells (CSCs), remains unknown. Here, we examined the inhibitory effect of STK899704 on cell migration and CSC stemness. In the wound healing assay, STK899704 significantly inhibited the motility of colon cancer cells. Furthermore, STK899704 downregulated the mRNA expression levels of the cell migration mediator focal adhesion kinase (FAK). STK899704 also suppressed mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, which are downstream signaling molecules of FAK. Additionally, STK899704 inhibited stemness gene expression and sphere formation in colon cancer stem cells. These results suggest that STK899704 can be used to treat human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Jang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Yesol Bak
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Thu-Huyen Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sae-Bom Kwon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Bo-Yeon Kim
- World Class Institute, Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - JinTae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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46
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Cromm PM, Samarasinghe KTG, Hines J, Crews CM. Addressing Kinase-Independent Functions of Fak via PROTAC-Mediated Degradation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17019-17026. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M. Cromm
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Kusal T. G. Samarasinghe
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - John Hines
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Craig M. Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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47
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Vanderhoeven F, Redondo AL, Martinez AL, Vargas-Roig LM, Sanchez AM, Flamini MI. Synergistic antitumor activity by combining trastuzumab with retinoic acid in HER2 positive human breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26527-26542. [PMID: 29899874 PMCID: PMC5995169 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer can be classified into molecular subtypes. Tumors overexpressing HER2 protein are more aggressive and metastatic; hence, patients have a poor prognosis. Anti-HER2 strategies, such as the monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab (Tz), have therefore been developed. Despite this progress, not all patients respond to the treatment. Retinoic acid (RA) has been proposed as an adjuvant treatment of breast carcinoma because of its ability to inhibit cell growth. We evaluated the effect of Tz in combination with RA on the viability, adhesion, migration, invasion and expression of migration-related proteins in SKBR3 and BT-474 human breast cancer cells. MTT, pharmacological interaction analysis, immunofluorescence, adhesion/migration/invasion and Western blot assays were performed. The coadministration of both drugs synergistically decreased cell survival. Tz+RA significantly decreased adhesion/migration/invasion in both cell types. Tz+RA strongly reduced FAK and HER2 expression and induced nuclear FAK translocation. In addition, a granular distribution of HER2 receptor was observed after the combined treatment. In conclusion, the coadministration of both drugs in patients with this type of cancer could contribute to the improvement of their prognosis and reduce the adverse effects of therapy because the applied Tz doses would be lower due to the adjuvant effect of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Vanderhoeven
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Centro Científico Tecnológico, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Analía Lourdes Redondo
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Centro Científico Tecnológico, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ana Laura Martinez
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Centro Científico Tecnológico, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Laura María Vargas-Roig
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Centro Científico Tecnológico, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Angel Matias Sanchez
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Centro Científico Tecnológico, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marina Inés Flamini
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Centro Científico Tecnológico, Mendoza, Argentina
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48
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Grindel BJ, Martinez JR, Tellman TV, Harrington DA, Zafar H, Nakhleh L, Chung LW, Farach-Carson MC. Matrilysin/MMP-7 Cleavage of Perlecan/HSPG2 Complexed with Semaphorin 3A Supports FAK-Mediated Stromal Invasion by Prostate Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7262. [PMID: 29740048 PMCID: PMC5940808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interrupting the interplay between cancer cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) is a strategy to halt tumor progression and stromal invasion. Perlecan/heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) is an extracellular proteoglycan that orchestrates tumor angiogenesis, proliferation, differentiation and invasion. Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) cells degrade perlecan-rich tissue borders to reach bone, including the basement membrane, vasculature, reactive stromal matrix and bone marrow. Domain IV-3, perlecan’s last 7 immunoglobulin repeats, mimics native proteoglycan by promoting tumoroid formation. This is reversed by matrilysin/matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) cleavage to favor cell dispersion and tumoroid dyscohesion. Both perlecan and Domain IV-3 induced a strong focal adhesion kinase (FAK) dephosphorylation/deactivation. MMP-7 cleavage of perlecan reversed this, with FAK in dispersed tumoroids becoming phosphorylated/activated with metastatic phenotype. We demonstrated Domain IV-3 interacts with the axon guidance protein semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) on PCa cells to deactivate pro-metastatic FAK. Sema3A antibody mimicked the Domain IV-3 clustering activity. Direct binding experiments showed Domain IV-3 binds Sema3A. Knockdown of Sema3A prevented Domain IV-3-induced tumoroid formation and Sema3A was sensitive to MMP-7 proteolysis. The perlecan-Sema3A complex abrogates FAK activity and stabilizes PCa cell interactions. MMP-7 expressing cells destroy the complex to initiate metastasis, destroy perlecan-rich borders, and favor invasion and progression to lethal bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Grindel
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.,Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jerahme R Martinez
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19706, USA
| | - Tristen V Tellman
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Daniel A Harrington
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Hamim Zafar
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Luay Nakhleh
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Leland W Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA. .,Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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49
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Gong XY, Ma N, Xu HX, Chen F, Huang XH, Wang Q. Prognostic significance of c-Met, β-catenin and FAK in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following surgery. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3796-3805. [PMID: 29467897 PMCID: PMC5796308 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of specific molecular markers in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who had received surgery. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to measure the expression of hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), β-catenin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in patients with HCC. c-Met expression was identified to be high in patients with larger tumors, higher α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, higher Edmondson grades, portal vein invasion and higher tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages. FAK expression was high in patients with portal vein invasion, higher Edmondson grades and higher TNM stages. β-catenin expression was high in patients with larger tumors, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, portal vein invasion, higher Edmondson grades and higher TNM stages. Following multivariate analysis, FAK (P=0.002) and β-catenin (P=0.006) expression levels were demonstrated to be significantly associated with Edmondson grade. Additionally, the tumor size (P=0.009) and HBV infection status (P=0.002) were revealed to be associated with β-catenin expression. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis demonstrated that patients with HCC with higher FAK expression, higher β-catenin expression, portal vein invasion, higher Edmondson grades, higher TNM stages, younger ages and higher AFP levels had significantly poorer prognoses. Cox's regression analysis revealed that the survival period was correlated with the Edmondson grade, age, AFP level, and FAK and β-catenin expression. Univariate analysis of c-Met, β-catenin and FAK identified a significant correlation between FAK and β-catenin (P=0.015). Correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between the three molecular markers, but β-catenin and c-Met were markedly correlated (P=0.052). No significant correlation between FAK, c-Met or β-catenin expression was identified. FAK and β-catenin expression demonstrated a correlation with a range of clinicopathological factors, and high FAK and β-catenin expression levels were identified to be correlated with a poor survival rate of patients with HCC. Thus, patients with higher FAK and β-catenin expression may require more aggressive therapy. The results of the present study suggest that FAK and β-catenin expression possess more prognostic value than c-Met expression in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yi Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Xu Xu
- Laboratory of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Huang
- Department of General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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50
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Sanchez AM, Flamini MI, Zullino S, Russo E, Giannini A, Mannella P, Naccarato AG, Genazzani AR, Simoncini T. Regulatory Actions of LH and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone on Breast Cancer Cells and Mammary Tumors in Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:239. [PMID: 29867771 PMCID: PMC5964138 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gonadotrophins are mainly known to influence the body through the formation of gonadal steroids. However, receptors for luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH) are present in a set of extra-gonadal tissues in humans and animals, but their functional relevance is uncertain. In this article, we present experimental evidence that, in T-47D breast cancer (BC) cells, FSH, and LH alter the expression of genes involved in adhesion, motility, and invasion through the activation of their receptors. Using miniarray technology we also found that LH influences the expression of a broad set of genes involved in cancer biology in T-47D cells. Interestingly, the regulatory actions of FSH and LH depend on the modality of exposure, with significant differences between pre-pubertal-like vs. post-menopausal-like amounts of gonadotrophins, but not after intermittent administration, representative of fertile life. We also studied the modulation of the circulating levels of gonadotrophins in an in vivo rat model of BC progression and observed a direct correlation with the extent of cancer growth. These results support the hypothesis that gonadotrophins may have direct effects on extra-gonadal tissues. They also highlight that gonadotrophins could potentially contribute to BC progression, particularly in post-menopausal women who typically have higher gonadotrophin levels. This research may ultimately lead to testing the use of gonadotrophin-modulating drugs in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Matias Sanchez
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Movimiento Celular, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Angel Matias Sanchez, ; Tommaso Simoncini,
| | - Marina Ines Flamini
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Sara Zullino
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Giannini
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Mannella
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Giuseppe Naccarato
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Riccardo Genazzani
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Simoncini
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Angel Matias Sanchez, ; Tommaso Simoncini,
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