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Chen J, Peng L, Sun J, Liu J, Chu L, Yi B, Gui M, Zhang H, Tang J. Upregulation of the protein kinase Lyn is associated with renal injury in type 2 diabetes patients. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2272717. [PMID: 37870491 PMCID: PMC11001359 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2272717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well established. Lyn, a member of the nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase Src family, has been reported to modulate inflammatory signaling pathways. METHODS Lyn expression was assessed in kidney biopsies of 11 patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and in kidney tissues of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DKD mice. 102 recruited T2DM patients were divided into three groups: normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Twenty-one healthy volunteers were recruited as a control group. Clinical data, blood and urine samples of all individuals were collected for analysis. RESULTS Lyn expression was augmented in the kidneys of DKD patients and STZ-induced diabetic mice. Compared with control and normoalbuminuria groups, both mRNA and protein expression of Lyn in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the macroalbuminuria group were significantly increased (p < .05). Elevated Lyn levels were independently related to urine albumin/urine creatinine ratio and were positively associated with key inflammatory factors, namely interleukin-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Additionally, Lyn exhibited a noteworthy connection with renal tubular injury indicators, specifically urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and urinary retinol binding protein. ROC curve analysis showed that Lyn could predict albuminuria in diabetic patients with an area under the curve of 0.844 (95% CI: 0.764-0.924). CONCLUSION Lyn levels in PBMCs exhibited a positive correlation with the severity of albuminuria, renal tubular damage, and inflammatory responses. Hence, Lyn may be a compelling candidate for predicting albuminuria levels in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China and Clinical Research Center for Critical Kidney Disease in Hunan Province
| | - Lingfeng Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China and Clinical Research Center for Critical Kidney Disease in Hunan Province
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China and Clinical Research Center for Critical Kidney Disease in Hunan Province
| | - Jishi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China and Clinical Research Center for Critical Kidney Disease in Hunan Province
| | - Ling Chu
- Department of pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China and Clinical Research Center for Critical Kidney Disease in Hunan Province
| | - Ming Gui
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China and Clinical Research Center for Critical Kidney Disease in Hunan Province
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China and Clinical Research Center for Critical Kidney Disease in Hunan Province
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China and Clinical Research Center for Critical Kidney Disease in Hunan Province
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Olukoya AO, Stires H, Bahnassy S, Persaud S, Guerra Y, Ranjit S, Ma S, Cruz MI, Benitez C, Rozeboom AM, Ceuleers H, Berry DL, Jacobsen BM, Raj GV, Riggins RB. Riluzole Suppresses Growth and Enhances Response to Endocrine Therapy in ER+ Breast Cancer. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad117. [PMID: 37766843 PMCID: PMC10521904 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to endocrine therapy in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer remains a significant clinical problem. Riluzole is FDA-approved for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A benzothiazole-based glutamate release inhibitor with several context-dependent mechanism(s) of action, riluzole has shown antitumor activity in multiple malignancies, including melanoma, glioblastoma, and breast cancer. We previously reported that the acquisition of tamoxifen resistance in a cellular model of invasive lobular breast cancer is accompanied by the upregulation of GRM mRNA expression and growth inhibition by riluzole. Methods We tested the ability of riluzole to reduce cell growth, alone and in combination with endocrine therapy, in a diverse set of ER+ invasive ductal and lobular breast cancer-derived cell lines, primary breast tumor explant cultures, and the estrogen-independent, ESR1-mutated invasive lobular breast cancer patient-derived xenograft model HCI-013EI. Results Single-agent riluzole suppressed the growth of ER+ invasive ductal and lobular breast cancer cell lines in vitro, inducing a histologic subtype-associated cell cycle arrest (G0-G1 for ductal, G2-M for lobular). Riluzole induced apoptosis and ferroptosis and reduced phosphorylation of multiple prosurvival signaling molecules, including Akt/mTOR, CREB, and Fak/Src family kinases. Riluzole, in combination with either fulvestrant or 4-hydroxytamoxifen, additively suppressed ER+ breast cancer cell growth in vitro. Single-agent riluzole significantly inhibited HCI-013EI patient-derived xenograft growth in vivo, and the combination of riluzole plus fulvestrant significantly reduced proliferation in ex vivo primary breast tumor explant cultures. Conclusion Riluzole may offer therapeutic benefits in diverse ER+ breast cancers, including lobular breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji O Olukoya
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Hillary Stires
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shaymaa Bahnassy
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Sonali Persaud
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Yanira Guerra
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Suman Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shihong Ma
- Departments of Urology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - M Idalia Cruz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Carlos Benitez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Aaron M Rozeboom
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Hannah Ceuleers
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Deborah L Berry
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Britta M Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- Departments of Urology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rebecca B Riggins
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Tsantikos E, Gottschalk TA, L'Estrange-Stranieri E, O'Brien CA, Raftery AL, Wickramasinghe LC, McQualter JL, Anderson GP, Hibbs ML. Enhanced Lyn Activity Causes Severe, Progressive Emphysema and Lung Cancer. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:99-112. [PMID: 37014138 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0463oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological patterns of incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung adenocarcinoma are changing, with an increasing fraction of disease occurring in patients who are never-smokers or were not exposed to traditional risk factors. However, causative mechanism(s) are obscure. Overactivity of Src family kinases (SFKs) and myeloid cell-dependent inflammatory lung epithelial and endothelial damage are independent candidate mechanisms, but their pathogenic convergence has not been demonstrated. Here we present a novel preclinical model in which an activating mutation in Lyn, a nonreceptor SFK that is expressed in immune cells, epithelium, and endothelium-all strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD-causes spontaneous inflammation, early-onset progressive emphysema, and lung adenocarcinoma. Surprisingly, even though activated macrophages, elastolytic enzymes, and proinflammatory cytokines were prominent, bone marrow chimeras formally demonstrated that myeloid cells were not disease initiators. Rather, lung disease arose from aberrant epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation, microvascular lesions within an activated endothelial microcirculation, and amplified EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) expression. In human bioinformatics analyses, LYN expression was increased in patients with COPD and was correlated with increased EGFR expression, a known lung oncogenic pathway, and LYN was linked to COPD. Our study shows that a singular molecular defect causes a spontaneous COPD-like immunopathology and lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, we identify Lyn and, by implication, its associated signaling pathways as new therapeutic targets for COPD and cancer. Moreover, our work may inform the development of molecular risk screening and intervention methods for disease susceptibility, progression, and prevention of these increasingly prevalent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Tsantikos
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy A Gottschalk
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elan L'Estrange-Stranieri
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caitlin A O'Brien
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - April L Raftery
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lakshanie C Wickramasinghe
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan L McQualter
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Gary P Anderson
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Src heterodimerically activates Lyn or Fyn to serve as targets for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023:10.1007/s11427-022-2216-x. [PMID: 36763244 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Although Src is one of the oldest and most investigated oncoproteins, its function in tumor malignancy remains to be defined further. In this study, we demonstrated that the inhibition of Src activity by ponatinib effectively suppressed several malignant phenotypes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) both in vitro and in vivo, whereas it did not produce growth-inhibitory effects on normal esophageal epithelial cells (NEECs). Importantly, we combined phosphoproteomics and several cellular and molecular biologic strategies to identify that Src interacted with the members of Src-family kinases (SFKs), such as Fyn or Lyn, to form heterodimers. Src interactions with Fyn and Lyn phosphorylated the tyrosine sites in SH2 (Fyn Tyr185 or Lyn Tyr183) and kinase domains (Fyn Tyr420 or Lyn Tyr397), which critically contributed to ESCC development. By contrast, Src could not form heterodimers with Fyn or Lyn in NEECs. We used RNA sequencing to comprehensively demonstrate that the inhibition of Src activity effectively blocked several critical tumor-promoting pathways, such as JAK/STAT, mTOR, stemness-related, and metabolism-related pathways. Results of the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay confirmed that Lyn and Fyn were critical effectors for the Src-mediated expression of tumor growth or metastasis-related molecules. Furthermore, results of the clinical ESCC samples showed that the hyperactivation of pSrc Tyr419, Fyn Tyr185 or Tyr420, and Lyn Tyr183 or Tyr397 could be biomarkers of ESCC prognosis. This study illustrates that Src/Fyn and Src/Lyn heterodimers serve as targets for the treatment of ESCC.
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Cheng GJ, Leung EY, Singleton DC. In vitro breast cancer models for studying mechanisms of resistance to endocrine therapy. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:297-320. [PMID: 36045910 PMCID: PMC9400723 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of endocrine resistance is a common reason for the failure of endocrine therapies in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. This review provides an overview of the different types of in vitro models that have been developed as tools for studying endocrine resistance. In vitro models include cell lines that have been rendered endocrine-resistant by ex vivo treatment; cell lines with de novo resistance mechanisms, including genetic alterations; three-dimensional (3D) spheroid, co-culture, and mammosphere techniques; and patient-derived organoid models. In each case, the key discoveries, different analysis strategies that are suitable, and strengths and weaknesses are discussed. Certain recently developed methodologies that can be used to further characterize the biological changes involved in endocrine resistance are then emphasized, along with a commentary on the types of research outcomes that using these techniques can support. Finally, a discussion anticipates how these recent developments will shape future trends in the field. We hope this overview will serve as a useful resource for investigators that are interested in understanding and testing hypotheses related to mechanisms of endocrine therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J. Cheng
- 1Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Y. Leung
- 1Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand 2Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand 3Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Dean C. Singleton
- 1Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand 2Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand 3Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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Shen H, Xu X, Fu Z, Xu C, Wang Y. The interactions of CAP and LYN with the insulin signaling transducer CBL play an important role in polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism 2022; 131:155164. [PMID: 35217034 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Evidence suggests that aberrations in insulin signaling-associated pathways may underlie PCOS pathogenesis. Our aim was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying PCOS and associated insulin resistance using in silico analyses, in vitro cell models, and in vivo murine models. METHODS R-based bioinformatics analysis was performed on granulosa cell microarray data from three human cohorts: healthy control, PCOS patients without insulin resistance, and PCOS patients with insulin resistance. Transgenic human granulosa cell models were utilized for in vitro studies. Transgenic murine models of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS were utilized for in vivo studies. RESULTS Sorbin and SH3 Domain Containing 1 (SORBS1), the parent gene of the insulin receptor-associated Casitas B-lineage lymphoma protein (CBL)-associated protein (CAP), is a key downregulated gene in PCOS patients with insulin resistance. CAP binding to CBL reduced CBLY731 phosphorylation, CBL-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) p85α interactivity, protein kinase B (Akt)S473 phosphorylation, and NFκB-induced inflammatory marker expression but enhanced CRKII-mediated membrane GLUT4 translocation in granulosa cells. In contrast, the tyrosine kinase Lck/Yes-Related Novel Protein (LYN) is upregulated in PCOS patients with insulin resistance. LYN binding to CBL enhanced CBLY731 phosphorylation, CBL-PI3K p85α interactivity, AktS473 phosphorylation, and NFκB-induced inflammatory marker expression but did not impact membrane GLUT4 translocation. In PCOS mice, Cap overexpression, Cap transactivation by metformin, or enhancing Cbl-CrkII binding improved insulin sensitivity and ovarian dysfunction (i.e., estrous cycle disruption, cyst-like follicle formation, and sex hormone dysregulation). In contrast, Lyn knockdown, Lyn inhibition by PP2, or CBL-PI3K p85α blockade improved only ovarian dysfunction. Cbl3YF phosphomutant overexpression (which enhances Cbl-CrkII binding but blocks Cbl-PI3K p85α binding) ameliorated both ovarian dysfunction and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS The interactions of CAP and LYN with CBL, and the resulting effects on CBL phosphorylation and activity, may play an important role in PCOS pathogenesis. Targeting these players may be a viable therapeutic strategy for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Shen
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, PR China.
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Zhongpeng Fu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Chengjie Xu
- Department of Intelligence Science, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, PR China.
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Martínez-Pérez C, Kay C, Meehan J, Gray M, Dixon JM, Turnbull AK. The IL6-like Cytokine Family: Role and Biomarker Potential in Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1073. [PMID: 34834425 PMCID: PMC8624266 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IL6-like cytokines are a family of regulators with a complex, pleiotropic role in both the healthy organism, where they regulate immunity and homeostasis, and in different diseases, including cancer. Here we summarise how these cytokines exert their effect through the shared signal transducer IL6ST (gp130) and we review the extensive evidence on the role that different members of this family play in breast cancer. Additionally, we discuss how the different cytokines, their related receptors and downstream effectors, as well as specific polymorphisms in these molecules, can serve as predictive or prognostic biomarkers with the potential for clinical application in breast cancer. Lastly, we also discuss how our increasing understanding of this complex signalling axis presents promising opportunities for the development or repurposing of therapeutic strategies against cancer and, specifically, breast neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martínez-Pérez
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (C.K.); (J.M.D.); (A.K.T.)
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK; (J.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Charlene Kay
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (C.K.); (J.M.D.); (A.K.T.)
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK; (J.M.); (M.G.)
| | - James Meehan
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK; (J.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Mark Gray
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK; (J.M.); (M.G.)
| | - J. Michael Dixon
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (C.K.); (J.M.D.); (A.K.T.)
| | - Arran K. Turnbull
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (C.K.); (J.M.D.); (A.K.T.)
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK; (J.M.); (M.G.)
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Abstract
Effective regulation of immune-cell activation is critical for ensuring that the immune response, and inflammation generated for the purpose of pathogen elimination, are limited in space and time to minimize tissue damage. Autoimmune disease can occur when immunoreceptor signaling is dysregulated, leading to unrestrained inflammation and organ damage. Conversely, tumors can coopt the tissue healing and immunosuppressive functions of hematopoietic cells to promote metastasis and evade therapy. The Src-family kinase Lyn is an essential regulator of immunoreceptor signaling, initiating both proinflammatory and suppressive signaling pathways in myeloid immune cells (eg, neutrophils, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages) and in B lymphocytes. Defects in Lyn signaling are implicated in autoimmune disease, but mechanisms by which Lyn, expressed along with a battery of other Src-family kinases, may uniquely direct both positive and negative signaling remain incompletely defined. This review describes our current understanding of the activating and inhibitory contributions of Lyn to immunoreceptor signaling and how these processes contribute to myeloid and B-cell function. We also highlight recent work suggesting that the 2 proteins generated by alternative splicing of lyn, LynA and LynB, differentially regulate both immune and cancer-cell signaling. These principles may also extend to other Lyn-expressing cells, such as neuronal and endocrine cells. Unraveling the common and cell-specific aspects of Lyn function could lead to new approaches to therapeutically target dysregulated pathways in pathologies ranging from autoimmune and neurogenerative disease to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben F Brian
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Current Affiliation: Current affiliation for B.F.B.: Division of Immunology & Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tanya S Freedman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Correspondence: Tanya S. Freedman, PhD, University of Minnesota Twin Cities Campus: University of Minnesota, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. E-mail:
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Kui L, Kong Q, Yang X, Pan Y, Xu Z, Wang S, Chen J, Wei K, Zhou X, Yang X, Wu T, Mastan A, Liu Y, Miao J. High-Throughput In Vitro Gene Expression Profile to Screen of Natural Herbals for Breast Cancer Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:684351. [PMID: 34490085 PMCID: PMC8418118 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.684351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Some therapeutic drugs and approaches could cause side effects and weaken the immune system. The combination of conventional therapies and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) significantly improves treatment efficacy in breast cancer. However, the chemical composition and underlying anti-tumor mechanisms of TCM still need to be investigated. The primary aim of this study is to provide unique insights to screen the natural components for breast cancer therapy using high-throughput transcriptome analysis. Differentially expressed genes were identified based on two conditions: single samples and groups were classified according to their pharmaceutical effect. Subsequently, the sample treated with E. cochinchinensis Lour. generated the most significant DEGs set, including 1,459 DEGs, 805 upregulated and 654 downregulated. Similarly, group 3 treatment contained the most DEGs (414 DEGs, 311 upregulated and 103 downregulated). KEGG pathway analyses showed five significant pathways associated with the inflammatory and metastasis processes in cancer, which include the TNF, IL−17, NF-kappa B, MAPK signaling pathways, and transcriptional misregulation in cancer. Samples were classified into 13 groups based on their pharmaceutical effects. The results of the KEGG pathway analyses remained consistent with signal samples; group 3 presents a high significance. A total of 21 genes were significantly regulated in these five pathways, interestingly, IL6, TNFAIP3, and BRIC3 were enriched on at least two pathways, seven genes (FOSL1, S100A9, CXCL12, ID2, PRS6KA3, AREG, and DUSP6) have been reported as the target biomarkers and even the diagnostic tools in cancer therapy. In addition, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify 18 modules. Among them, blue and thistle2 were the most relevant modules. A total of 26 hub genes in blue and thistle2 modules were identified as the hub genes. In conclusion, we screened out three new TCM (R. communis L., E. cochinchinensis Lour., and B. fruticosa) that have the potential to develop natural drugs for breast cancer therapy, and obtained the therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Kui
- Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qinghua Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Medicinal Botanical Garden, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Yunbing Pan
- Nowbio Biotechnology Company, Kunming, China
| | - Zetan Xu
- Nowbio Biotechnology Company, Kunming, China
| | | | - Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kunhua Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Medicinal Botanical Garden, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Medicinal Botanical Garden, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Xingzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tingqin Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anthati Mastan
- Research Center, Microbial Technology Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Bangalore, India
| | - Yao Liu
- Baoji High-tech Hospital , Baoji, China
| | - Jianhua Miao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Medicinal Botanical Garden, Nanning, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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10
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Ortiz MA, Mikhailova T, Li X, Porter BA, Bah A, Kotula L. Src family kinases, adaptor proteins and the actin cytoskeleton in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:67. [PMID: 34193161 PMCID: PMC8247114 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a century of scientific inquiry since the discovery of v-SRC but still no final judgement on SRC function. However, a significant body of work has defined Src family kinases as key players in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis in human cancer. With the ever-growing evidence supporting the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in invasion and metastasis, so does our understanding of the role SFKs play in mediating these processes. Here we describe some key mechanisms through which Src family kinases play critical role in epithelial homeostasis and how their function is essential for the propagation of invasive signals. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA.,Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Tatiana Mikhailova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA.,Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Baylee A Porter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA.,Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Alaji Bah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Leszek Kotula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA. .,Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA.
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11
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Shetve VV, Bhowmick S, Alissa SA, Alothman ZA, Wabaidu SM, Asmary FA, Alhajri HM, Islam MA. Identification of selective Lyn inhibitors from the chemical databases through integrated molecular modelling approaches. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 32:1-27. [PMID: 33161767 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2020.1799433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the Asinex and ChEBI databases were virtually screened for the identification of potential Lyn protein inhibitors. Therefore, a multi-steps molecular docking study was carried out using the VSW utility tool embedded in Maestro user interface of the Schrödinger suite. On initial screening, molecules having a higher XP-docking score and binding free energy compared to Staurosporin were considered for further assessment. Based on in silico pharmacokinetic analysis and a common-feature pharmacophore mapping model developed from the Staurosporin, four molecules were proposed as promising Lyn inhibitors. The binding interactions of all proposed Lyn inhibitors revealed strong ligand efficiency in terms of energy score obtained in molecular modelling analyses. Furthermore, the dynamic behaviour of each molecule in association with the Lyn protein-bound state was assessed through an all-atoms molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study. MD simulation analyses were confirmed with notable intermolecular interactions and consistent stability for the Lyn protein-ligand complexes throughout the simulation. High negative binding free energy of identified four compounds calculated through MM-PBSA approach demonstrated a strong binding affinity towards the Lyn protein. Hence, the proposed compounds might be taken forward as potential next-generation Lyn kinase inhibitors for managing numerous Lyn associated diseases or health complications after experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Shetve
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune, India
| | - S Bhowmick
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta , Kolkata, India
| | - S A Alissa
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z A Alothman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S M Wabaidu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F A Asmary
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H M Alhajri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Islam
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK
- School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal , Durban, South Africa
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division , Pretoria, South Africa
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12
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Yin J, Liu JS, Feng M, Li JM, Lu S, Yang M, Cao BR, Lang JY, Zhu XD. Comprehensively investigating the expression levels and the prognostic role of transforming growth factor beta-induced (TGFBI) in glioblastoma multiforme. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:6487-6504. [PMID: 35117257 PMCID: PMC8798009 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor beta-induced (TGFBI) protein has been found expressed in several cancer types, and expression levels of TGFBI can affect the cancer patients' outcomes, but the role of TGFBI in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains obscure. METHODS The TGFBI expression levels in GBM were performed via Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and UALCAN databases. Further, the mutations types of TGFBI were analyzed by using the cBioportal dataset. LinkedOmics selected correlated genes, kinases, and microRNA (miRNA) targets of TGFBI. GEPIA conducted the prognostic value of TGFBI and correlated genes. Then, the relationship between TGFBI and immune infiltrates was performed by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (Timer). We compared the TGFBI protein expression levels in GBM and control samples through the Human Protein Atlas (HPA). Finally, the GSCAlite was used to achieve the drugs, and molecules target the TGFBI and significantly correlated genes. RESULTS TGFBI is significantly overexpressed in GBM, but the clinical features do not have considerable influence on TGFBI expression levels. Overexpression of TGFBI acts as an adverse biomarker of GBM. The enrichment function of TGFBI showed that the main biological functions, including extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, angiogenesis, leukocyte migration, T cell activation, cell cycle G2/M phase transition, and growth factor binding. About the significant correlated genes, overexpression of mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 (MAPK13) [Log-rank P=0.08 HR (high) =1.4], myosin IG (MYO1G) [Log-rank P=0.06 HR (high) =1.4], plasminogen activator urokinase receptor (PLAUR) [Log-rank P=0.03 HR (high) =1.5], thrombomodulin (THBD) [Log-rank P=0.028 HR (high) =1.5] indicated the poor prognosis of GBM. Further, TGFBI had a significant association with dendritic cell (DC) infiltrates (cor =0.516, P=9.00e-30). The higher the DC infiltration, the shorter survival of GBM. TGFBI protein expression levels were not significantly different in GBM and normal tissue. Finally, TGFBI is associated with resistance to belinostat, LAQ824, CAY10603, CUDC-101, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and navitoclax. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we showed TGFBI was overexpressed in GBM, and TGFBI is associated with DC cell infiltrates. Overexpression of TGFBI and high DC infiltration might be an adverse biomarker of GBM. Finally, TGFBI is associated with tumor multi-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Song Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao-Ming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bang-Rong Cao
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Yi Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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13
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The role of deubiquitinating enzymes in cancer drug resistance. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:627-639. [PMID: 32146496 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a well-known phenomenon leading to a reduction in the effectiveness of pharmaceutical treatments. Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents can involve various intrinsic cellular processes including drug efflux, increased resistance to apoptosis, increased DNA damage repair capabilities in response to platinum salts or other DNA-damaging drugs, drug inactivation, drug target alteration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), inherent cell heterogeneity, epigenetic effects, or any combination of these mechanisms. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) reverse ubiquitination of target proteins, maintaining a balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination of proteins to maintain cell homeostasis. Increasing evidence supports an association of altered DUB activity with development of several cancers. Thus, DUBs are promising candidates for targeted drug development. In this review, we outline the involvement of DUBs, particularly ubiquitin-specific proteases, and their roles in drug resistance in different types of cancer. We also review potential small molecule DUB inhibitors that can be used as drugs for cancer treatment.
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14
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Malarz K, Mularski J, Pacholczyk M, Musiol R. The Landscape of the Anti-Kinase Activity of the IDH1 Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030536. [PMID: 32110969 PMCID: PMC7139656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenases constitute a class of enzymes that are crucial for cellular metabolism. The overexpression or mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenases are often found in leukemias, glioblastomas, lung cancers, and ductal pancreatic cancer among others. Mutation R132H, which changes the functionality of an enzyme to produce mutagenic 2-hydroxyglutarate instead of a normal product, is particularly important in this field. A series of inhibitors were described for these enzymes of which ivosidenib was the first to be approved for treating leukemia and bile duct cancers in 2018. Here, we investigated the polypharmacological landscape of the activity for known sulfamoyl derivatives that are inhibitors, which are selective towards IDH1 R132H. These compounds appeared to be effective inhibitors of several non-receptor kinases at a similar level as imatinib and axitinib. The antiproliferative activity of these compounds against a panel of cancer cells was tested and is explained based on the relative expression levels of the investigated proteins. The multitargeted activity of these compounds makes them valuable agents against a wide range of cancers, regardless of the status of IDH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Malarz
- August Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Jacek Mularski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland;
| | - Marcin Pacholczyk
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Robert Musiol
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland;
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (R.M.)
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15
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Tornillo G, Knowlson C, Kendrick H, Cooke J, Mirza H, Aurrekoetxea-Rodríguez I, Vivanco MDM, Buckley NE, Grigoriadis A, Smalley MJ. Dual Mechanisms of LYN Kinase Dysregulation Drive Aggressive Behavior in Breast Cancer Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 25:3674-3692.e10. [PMID: 30590041 PMCID: PMC6315108 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The SRC-family kinase LYN is highly expressed in triple-negative/basal-like breast cancer (TNBC) and in the cell of origin of these tumors, c-KIT-positive luminal progenitors. Here, we demonstrate LYN is a downstream effector of c-KIT in normal mammary cells and protective of apoptosis upon genotoxic stress. LYN activity is modulated by PIN1, a prolyl isomerase, and in BRCA1 mutant TNBC PIN1 upregulation activates LYN independently of c-KIT. Furthermore, the full-length LYN splice isoform (as opposed to the Δaa25-45 variant) drives migration and invasion of aggressive TNBC cells, while the ratio of splice variants is informative for breast cancer-specific survival across all breast cancers. Thus, dual mechanisms-uncoupling from upstream signals and splice isoform ratios-drive the activity of LYN in aggressive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Tornillo
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Catherine Knowlson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Howard Kendrick
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Joe Cooke
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Hasan Mirza
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, CRUK King's Health Partners Centre, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Comprehensive Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Maria D M Vivanco
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Niamh E Buckley
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, CRUK King's Health Partners Centre, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Comprehensive Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Matthew J Smalley
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
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16
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Gavali S, Gupta MK, Daswani B, Wani MR, Sirdeshmukh R, Khatkhatay MI. LYN, a key mediator in estrogen-dependent suppression of osteoclast differentiation, survival, and function. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:547-557. [PMID: 30579930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen insufficiency at menopause cause accelerated bone loss due to unwarranted differentiation and function of osteoclasts. Unraveling the underlying mechanism/s may identify mediators of estrogen action which can be targeted for improved management of osteoporosis. Towards this, we analyzed the effect of 17β-estradiol on the proteomes of differentiating human osteoclasts. The major proteomic changes observed included upregulation of LYN by estrogen. We, therefore, investigated the effect of estrogen on osteoclast differentiation, survival, and function in control and LYN knockdown conditions. In control condition, estrogen treatment increased the apoptosis rate and suppressed the calcium signaling by reducing the intracellular Ca2+ levels as well as expression and activation of NFATc1 and c-Src during differentiation, resulting in reduced osteoclastogenesis. These osteoclasts were smaller in size with reduced extent of multinuclearity and produced significantly low levels of bone resorbing enzymes. They also exhibited disrupted sealing zone formation with low podosome density, impaired cell polarization and reduced resorption of dentine slices. Interestingly, in LYN knockdown condition, estrogen failed to induce apoptosis and inhibit activation of NFATc1 and c-Src. Compared to effect of estrogen on osteoclast in control condition, LYN knockdown osteoclasts did not show reduction in production of bone resorbing enzymes and had defined sealing zone formation with high podosome density with no impairment in cell polarization. They resorbed significant area on dentine slices. Thus, the inhibitory action of estrogen on osteoclast was severely restrained in LYN knockdown condition, demonstrating the importance of LYN as a key mediator of the effect of estrogen on osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Gavali
- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, (ICMR), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru 560066, India; Syngene International Ltd, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Bhavna Daswani
- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, (ICMR), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Mohan R Wani
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune 411007, India
| | - Ravi Sirdeshmukh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru 560066, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - M Ikram Khatkhatay
- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, (ICMR), Mumbai 400012, India.
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17
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Mularski J, Malarz K, Pacholczyk M, Musiol R. The p53 stabilizing agent CP-31398 and multi-kinase inhibitors. Designing, synthesizing and screening of styrylquinazoline series. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 163:610-625. [PMID: 30562697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quinazoline derivatives constitute a large family of small-molecule inhibitors of tyrosine kinases. In the current study, the p53 protein reactivator CP-31398 was tested against a panel of kinases on the assumption that it was structurally similar to other active inhibitors. Although it was found to be active in the enzyme-based assay, this compound did not block the proliferation of cancer cells at a feasible concentration level. The styrylquinazoline was used to design new structures that might be potential multitarget inhibitors. Subsequently, a series of compounds was obtained and characterized. Their inhibitory activity in a panel of tyrosine kinases had an antiproliferative effect against several cancer cell lines that have different expression levels of those proteins. The mode of protein interaction was tested for the most active compound in docking experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Mularski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malarz
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland; Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Marcin Pacholczyk
- Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Robert Musiol
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland.
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18
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McKenna M, McGarrigle S, Pidgeon GP. The next generation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway inhibitors in breast cancer cohorts. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:185-197. [PMID: 30318472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway plays a role in various oncogenic processes in breast cancer and key pathway aberrations have been identified which drive the different molecular subtypes. Early drugs developed targeting this pathway produced some clinical success but were hampered by pharmacokinetics, tolerability and efficacy problems. This created a need for new PI3K pathway-inhibiting drugs, which would produce more robust results allowing incorporation into treatment regimens for breast cancer patients. In this review, the most promising candidates from the new generation of PI3K-pathway inhibitors is explored, presenting evidence from preclinical and early clinical research, as well as ongoing trials utilising these drugs in breast cancer cohorts. The problems hindering the development of drugs targeting the PI3K pathway are examined, which have created problems for their use as monotherapies. PI3K pathway inhibitor combinations therefore remains a dynamic research area, and their role in combination with immunotherapies and epigenetic therapies is also inspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McKenna
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah McGarrigle
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Graham P Pidgeon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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19
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Xiao T, Li W, Wang X, Xu H, Yang J, Wu Q, Huang Y, Geradts J, Jiang P, Fei T, Chi D, Zang C, Liao Q, Rennhack J, Andrechek E, Li N, Detre S, Dowsett M, Jeselsohn RM, Liu XS, Brown M. Estrogen-regulated feedback loop limits the efficacy of estrogen receptor-targeted breast cancer therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7869-7878. [PMID: 29987050 PMCID: PMC6077722 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722617115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy resistance invariably develops in advanced estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We have identified C-terminal SRC kinase (CSK) as a critical node in a previously unappreciated negative feedback loop that limits the efficacy of current ER-targeted therapies. Estrogen directly drives CSK expression in ER+ breast cancer. At low CSK levels, as is the case in patients with ER+ breast cancer resistant to endocrine therapy and with the poorest outcomes, the p21 protein-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) becomes activated and drives estrogen-independent growth. PAK2 overexpression is also associated with endocrine therapy resistance and worse clinical outcome, and the combination of a PAK2 inhibitor with an ER antagonist synergistically suppressed breast tumor growth. Clinical approaches to endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancer must overcome the loss of this estrogen-induced negative feedback loop that normally constrains the growth of ER+ tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Xiao
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Han Xu
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jixin Yang
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qiu Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Joseph Geradts
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Peng Jiang
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Teng Fei
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - David Chi
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Qi Liao
- Department of Prevention Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jonathan Rennhack
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48864
| | - Eran Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48864
| | - Nanlin Li
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Simone Detre
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Mitchell Dowsett
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Rinath M Jeselsohn
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - X Shirley Liu
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215;
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Myles Brown
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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20
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Dehydroepiandrosterone Induces Temozolomide Resistance Through Modulating Phosphorylation and Acetylation of Sp1 in Glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2301-2313. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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21
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Okumu DO, East MP, Levine M, Herring LE, Zhang R, Gilbert TSK, Litchfield DW, Zhang Y, Graves LM. BIRC6 mediates imatinib resistance independently of Mcl-1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177871. [PMID: 28520795 PMCID: PMC5433768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculoviral IAP repeat containing 6 (BIRC6) is a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), a family of functionally and structurally related proteins that inhibit apoptosis. BIRC6 has been implicated in drug resistance in several different human cancers, however mechanisms regulating BIRC6 have not been extensively explored. Our phosphoproteomic analysis of an imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell line (MYL-R) identified increased amounts of a BIRC6 peptide phosphorylated at S480, S482, and S486 compared to imatinib-sensitive CML cells (MYL). Thus we investigated the role of BIRC6 in mediating imatinib resistance and compared it to the well-characterized anti-apoptotic protein, Mcl-1. Both BIRC6 and Mcl-1 were elevated in MYL-R compared to MYL cells. Lentiviral shRNA knockdown of BIRC6 in MYL-R cells increased imatinib-stimulated caspase activation and resulted in a ~20-25-fold increase in imatinib sensitivity, without affecting Mcl-1. Treating MYL-R cells with CDK9 inhibitors decreased BIRC6 mRNA, but not BIRC6 protein levels. By contrast, while CDK9 inhibitors reduced Mcl-1 mRNA and protein, they did not affect imatinib sensitivity. Since the Src family kinase Lyn is highly expressed and active in MYL-R cells, we tested the effects of Lyn inhibition on BIRC6 and Mcl-1. RNAi-mediated knockdown or inhibition of Lyn (dasatinib/ponatinib) reduced BIRC6 protein stability and increased caspase activation. Inhibition of Lyn also increased formation of an N-terminal BIRC6 fragment in parallel with reduced amount of the BIRC6 phosphopeptide, suggesting that Lyn may regulate BIRC6 phosphorylation and stability. In summary, our data show that BIRC6 stability is dependent on Lyn, and that BIRC6 mediates imatinib sensitivity independently of Mcl-1 or CDK9. Hence, BIRC6 may be a novel target for the treatment of drug-resistant CML where Mcl-1 or CDK9 inhibitors have failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis O. Okumu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael P. East
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Merlin Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Herring
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- UNC Michael Hooker Proteomics Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Raymond Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas S. K. Gilbert
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- UNC Michael Hooker Proteomics Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David W. Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lee M. Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- UNC Michael Hooker Proteomics Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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22
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Fu P, Du F, Liu Y, Yao M, Zhang S, Zheng X, Zheng S. WP1130 increases cisplatin sensitivity through inhibition of usp9x in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:1783-1791. [PMID: 28469783 PMCID: PMC5411926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 30% of all breast cancers are caused by a lack of estrogen receptor (ER), which renders the cancer resistant to endocrine-based therapy. Many studies suggest that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9, X-linked (usp9x) regulates multiple cellular behaviors, such as tumor growth, invasion, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of WP1130, a partially selective inhibitor of deubiquitinating enzymes, in breast cancer cells. We found that WP1130 enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity in ER-negative tumor cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468), but had little effect in ER-positive Bcap-37 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that usp9x expression was dramatically lower in ER-positive cells compared to that in ER-negative cells. Furthermore, WP1130 treatment suppressed the expression of usp9x and Mcl-1 in ER-negative cells, but not in ER-positive cells. In addition, we found that knockdown of usp9x diminished the chemosensitization activity of WP1130 on breast cancer cells in the presence of cisplatin. Taken together, these results demonstrated that combined treatment with WP1130 could increase the cisplatin sensitivity in a usp9x-dependent manner in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifen Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Feiya Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Minya Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Shufeng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
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23
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Dey N, Williams C, Leyland-Jones B, De P. Mutation matters in precision medicine: A future to believe in. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 55:136-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Sarda S, Das A, Vinson C, Hannenhalli S. Distal CpG islands can serve as alternative promoters to transcribe genes with silenced proximal promoters. Genome Res 2017; 27:553-566. [PMID: 28223400 PMCID: PMC5378174 DOI: 10.1101/gr.212050.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation at the promoter of a gene is presumed to render it silent, yet a sizable fraction of genes with methylated proximal promoters exhibit elevated expression. Here, we show, through extensive analysis of the methylome and transcriptome in 34 tissues, that in many such cases, transcription is initiated by a distal upstream CpG island (CGI) located several kilobases away that functions as an alternative promoter. Specifically, such genes are expressed precisely when the neighboring CGI is unmethylated but remain silenced otherwise. Based on CAGE and Pol II localization data, we found strong evidence of transcription initiation at the upstream CGI and a lack thereof at the methylated proximal promoter itself. Consistent with their alternative promoter activity, CGI-initiated transcripts are associated with signals of stable elongation and splicing that extend into the gene body, as evidenced by tissue-specific RNA-seq and other DNA-encoded splice signals. Furthermore, based on both inter- and intra-species analyses, such CGIs were found to be under greater purifying selection relative to CGIs upstream of silenced genes. Overall, our study describes a hitherto unreported conserved mechanism of transcription of genes with methylated proximal promoters in a tissue-specific fashion. Importantly, this phenomenon explains the aberrant expression patterns of some cancer driver genes, potentially due to aberrant hypomethylation of distal CGIs, despite methylation at proximal promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrutii Sarda
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Avinash Das
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Charles Vinson
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sridhar Hannenhalli
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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25
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Wu Y, Hannigan M, Zhan L, Madri JA, Huang CK. -NOD Mice Having a Lyn Tyrosine Kinase Mutation Exhibit Abnormal Neutrophil Chemotaxis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1689-1695. [PMID: 27591397 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils from NOD (Non-Obese Diabetic) mice exhibited reduced migration speed, decreased frequency of directional changes, and loss of directionality during chemotaxis (compared to wild-type [WT] C57BL/6 mice). Additionally, F-actin of chemotaxing NOD neutrophils failed to orient toward the chemoattractant gradient and NOD neutrophil adhesion was impaired. A point mutation near the autophosphorylation site of Lyn in NOD mice was identified. Point mutations of G to A (G1412 in LynA and G1199 in LynB) cause a change of amino acid E393 (glutamic acid) to K (lysine) in LynA (E393 →K) (E372 of LynB), affecting fMLP-induced tyrosine phosphorylation. These data indicate that the Lyn mutation in NOD neutrophils is likely responsible for dysregulation of neutrophil adhesion and directed migration, implying the role of Lyn in modulating diabetic patient's susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1689-1695, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael Hannigan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Lijun Zhan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Joseph A Madri
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chi-Kuang Huang
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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26
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Chen Q, Weng Z, Lu Y, Jia Y, Ding L, Bai F, Ge M, Lin Q, Wu K. An Experimental Analysis of the Molecular Effects of Trastuzumab (Herceptin) and Fulvestrant (Falsodex), as Single Agents or in Combination, on Human HR+/HER2+ Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Mouse Tumor Xenografts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168960. [PMID: 28045951 PMCID: PMC5207527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of trastuzumab (herceptin) and fulvestrant (falsodex) either in combination or alone, on downstream cell signaling pathways in lab-cultured human HR+/HER2+ breast cancer cell lines ZR-75-1 and BT-474, as well as on protein expression levels in mouse xenograft tissue. Methods Cells were cultivated in the presence of trastuzumab or fulvestrant or both. Molecular events that resulted in an inhibition of cell proliferation and cell cycle progression or in an increased rate of apoptosis were studied. The distribution and abundance of the proteins p-Akt and p-Erk expressed in these cells in response to single agents or combinatorial treatment were also investigated. In addition, the effects of trastuzumab and fulvestrant, either as single agents or in combination on tumor growth as well as on expression of the protein p-MED1 expressed in in vivo mouse xenograft models was also examined. Results Cell proliferation was increasingly inhibited by trastuzumab or fulvestrant or both, with a CI<1 and DRI>1 in both human cell lines. The rate of apoptosis increased only in the BT-474 cell line and not in the ZR-75-1 cell line upon treatment with fulvestrant and not trastuzumab as a single agent (P<0.05). Interestingly, fulvestrant, in combination with trastuzumab, did not significantly alter the rate of apoptosis (in comparison with fulvestrant alone), in the BT-474 cell line (P>0.05). Cell accumulation in the G1 phase of cell cycle was investigated in all treatment groups (P<0.05), and the combination of trastuzumab and fulvestrant reversed the effects of fulvestrant alone on p-Akt and p-Erk protein expression levels. Using ZR-75-1 or BT-474 to generate in vivo tumor xenografts in BALB/c athymic mouse models, we showed that a combination of both drugs resulted in a stronger inhibition of tumor growth (P<0.05) and a greater decrease in the levels of activated MED1 (p-MED1) expressed in tumor issues compared with the use of either drug as a single agent. Conclusions We demonstrate that the administration of trastuzumab and fulvestrant in combination results in positive synergistic effects on both, ZR-75-1 and BT-474 cell lines. This combinatorial approach is likely to reduce physiological side effects of both drugs, thus providing a theoretical basis for the use of such combination treatment in order to resolve HR+/HER2+ triple positive breast cancer that has previously been shown to be resistant to endocrine treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyi Weng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai International Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunshu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Jia
- Department of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Longlong Ding
- Department of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Bai
- Department of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meixin Ge
- Department of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (KW); (QL)
| | - Kejin Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (KW); (QL)
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27
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Inhibition of Lyn is a promising treatment for mantle cell lymphoma with bortezomib resistance. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38225-38. [PMID: 26517678 PMCID: PMC4741995 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although proteasome inhibition with bortezomib (BTZ) is a validated treatment for relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), many patients show resistance to BTZ. However, the molecular mechanism of BTZ resistance in MCL has not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated BTZ-resistant MCL cells in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that BTZ-resistant MCL cells showed highly increased expression of the B-cell receptor (BCR) components CD79A and CD19. Activation of the BCR signaling pathway enhanced the activity of Src family kinases (SFKs), especially Lyn, and downstream kinases PI3K/AKT/mTOR in BTZ-resistant MCL cells. Depletion of CD79A and Lyn significantly reduced several kinase activities involved in PI3K signaling, leading to inhibition of proliferation. In addition, the SFKs inhibitor dasatinib inhibited the proliferation of BTZ-resistant cells, preventing the binding of CD19 with Lyn and PI3K p85. We also verified our findings with the mouse xenograft tumor model. Dasatinib treatment significantly decreased tumor size in the mouse bearing BTZ-resistant MCL cells, but not in the mouse bearing BTZ-sensitive MCL cells. Collectively, our data show that overexpression of the BCR and its activated signaling confers BTZ resistance in MCL cells. Thus, targeting BCR signaling with dasatinib could be a novel therapeutic approach for patients with MCL that has relapsed or is refractory to treatment with BTZ.
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28
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Ha JR, Siegel PM, Ursini-Siegel J. The Tyrosine Kinome Dictates Breast Cancer Heterogeneity and Therapeutic Responsiveness. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1971-90. [PMID: 27392311 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phospho-tyrosine signaling networks control numerous biological processes including cellular differentiation, cell growth and survival, motility, and invasion. Aberrant regulation of the tyrosine kinome is a hallmark of malignancy and influences all stages of breast cancer progression, from initiation to the development of metastatic disease. The success of specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors strongly validates the clinical relevance of tyrosine phosphorylation networks in breast cancer pathology. However, a significant degree of redundancy exists within the tyrosine kinome. Numerous receptor and cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases converge on a core set of signaling regulators, including adaptor proteins and tyrosine phosphatases, to amplify pro-tumorigenic signal transduction pathways. Mutational activation, amplification, or overexpression of one or more components of the tyrosine kinome represents key contributing events responsible for the tumor heterogeneity that is observed in breast cancers. It is this molecular heterogeneity that has become the most significant barrier to durable clinical responses due to the development of therapeutic resistance. This review focuses on recent literature that supports a prominent role for specific components of the tyrosine kinome in the emergence of unique breast cancer subtypes and in shaping breast cancer plasticity, sensitivity to targeted therapies, and the eventual emergence of acquired resistance. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1971-1990, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Ha
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josie Ursini-Siegel
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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29
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Pilati C, Zucman-Rossi J. Mutations leading to constitutive active gp130/JAK1/STAT3 pathway. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:499-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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