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Yuan P, Long Y, Wei N, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Han J, Jiang D, Lan X, Gai Y. Peptide-based PET tracer targeting LAG-3 for evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy in melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e009010. [PMID: 39043603 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-009010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) is expressed on activated immune cells and has emerged as a promising target for immune checkpoints blockade. However, conflicting findings have been reported regarding the association between LAG-3 expression in tumors and patient prognosis, indicating the need for further investigation into the significance of LAG-3 expression levels in tumor therapies. In this study, 68Ga-NOTA-XH05, a novel peptide-based positron emission tomography (PET) tracer targeting LAG-3, was constructed to non-invasively detect LAG-3 expression in melanoma after CpG oligonucleotide (CpG) treatment and explore the relationship between LAG-3 expression and therapeutic effect. METHODS The tracer 68Ga-NOTA-XH05 was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography after being prepared and purified. Cell uptake and blocking essays were performed to verify the specificity of the tracer in vitro. The expression of LAG-3 in B16-F10 subcutaneous tumors was monitored by flow cytometry, and its correlation with the tracer uptake was analyzed to evaluate the tracer specificity. PET imaging and biodistribution studies were conducted after CpG treatment of unilateral or bilateral B16-F10 subcutaneous tumor models to assess the ability of 68Ga-NOTA-XH05 in monitoring immunotherapy efficacy and the abscopal effect of CpG. RESULTS Following purification, 68Ga-NOTA-XH05 exhibited high radiochemical purity and specificity. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a positive correlation between LAG-3 expression in tumors and the uptake of 68Ga-NOTA-XH05. In B16-F10 bearing mice treated with CpG, PET imaging using 68Ga-NOTA-XH05 demonstrated a higher tumor to blood ratio (TBR) compared with the control group. Furthermore, TBR values obtained from CpG-treated mice allowed for differentiation between responders and non-responders. In a bilateral subcutaneous tumor model where only right-sided tumors were treated with intratumoral injection of CpG, TBR values of left-sided tumors were significantly higher than those in the control group, indicating that 68Ga-NOTA-XH05 could effectively monitor the systemic effect of local CpG injection. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the detection capability of 68Ga-NOTA-XH05 in assessing LAG-3 expression levels within tumors and evaluating response to immunotherapy, thereby suggesting promising clinical translational prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhe Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Long
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyang Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkang Gai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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2
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Li C, Saladin RJ, Cai W, Chen W. STING-targeted PET imaging: unveiling tumor immunogenicity post-chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:2758-2760. [PMID: 38771515 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rachel J Saladin
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, K6/562 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, K6/562 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA.
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Oncology Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Lung Cancer, Yiwu, 322000, China.
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3
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Bernardi C, Garibotto V, Mobashwera B, Negrin RS, Alam IS, Simonetta F. Molecular Imaging of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:jnumed.123.266552. [PMID: 38360050 PMCID: PMC10924161 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive molecular imaging of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has great potential to detect GvHD at the early stages, aid in grading of the disease, monitor treatment response, and guide therapeutic decisions. Although the specificity of currently available tracers appears insufficient for clinical GvHD diagnosis, recently, several preclinical studies have identified promising new imaging agents targeting one or more biologic processes involved in GvHD pathogenesis, ranging from T-cell activation to tissue damage. In this review, we summarize the different approaches reported to date for noninvasive detection of GvHD using molecular imaging with a specific focus on the use of PET. We discuss possible applications of molecular imaging for the detection of GvHD in the clinical setting, as well as some of the predictable challenges that are faced during clinical translation of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernardi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Behnaz Mobashwera
- Department of Hematology, Southampton General Hospital, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Robert S Negrin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Israt S Alam
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland;
- Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Xu D, Lu X, Yang F, Jiang Z, Yang S, Bi L, Liu J, Shan H, Li D. STING-targeted PET tracer for early assessment of tumor immunogenicity in colorectal cancer after chemotherapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:641-655. [PMID: 37924341 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To optimize chemotherapy regimens and improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy, a PET tracer specifically targeting the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), denoted as [18F]FBTA was used to monitor the early changes in tumor immunogenicity after chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) mice. METHODS The toluene sulfonate precursor was labeled with 18F to produce the STING targeted probe-[18F]FBTA. [18F]FBTA-PET imaging and biodistribution were performed using CRC mice treated with oxaliplatin (OXA) or cisplatin (CDDP). CRC mice were also treated with low (CDDP-LD: 1 mg/kg) or medium (CDDP-MD: 2.5 mg/kg) doses of CDDP, and subjected to PET imaging and biodistribution. The effects of different chemotherapeutic agents and different doses of CDDP on tumor innate immunity were verified by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PET imaging of CRC mice exhibited notably enhanced tumor uptake in the early phase of chemotherapy with treatment with OXA (3.09 ± 0.25%ID/g) and CDDP (4.01 ± 0.18%ID/g), especially in the CDDP group. The PET-derived tumor uptake values have strong correlations with STING immunohistochemical score. Flow cytometry showed both agents led to DCs and macrophages infiltration in tumors. Compared with OXA, CDDP treatment recruits more DCs and macrophages in CRC tumors. Both CDDP-LD and CDDP-MD treatment elevated uptake in CRC tumors, especially in CDDP-MD group. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry confirmed CDDP-MD treatment recruits more DCs and macrophages than CDDP-LD treatment. CONCLUSION Overall, the STING-targeted tracer-[18F]FBTA was demonstrated to monitor early changes in tumor immunogenicity in CRC mice after chemotherapy. Besides, the STING-targeted strategy may help to select the appropriate chemotherapy regimen, including chemotherapeutic agents and doses, which further improve clinical decision making for combination immunotherapy after chemotherapy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Xu
- Department of Interventional Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Interventional Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
- Department of Pediatrics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zebo Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Shirui Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Lei Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- Cancer Center, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hong Shan
- Department of Interventional Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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Puuvuori E, Shen Y, Hulsart-Billström G, Mitran B, Zhang B, Cheung P, Wegrzyniak O, Ingvast S, Persson J, Ståhl S, Korsgren O, Löfblom J, Wermeling F, Eriksson O. Noninvasive PET Detection of CD69-Positive Immune Cells Before Signs of Clinical Disease in Inflammatory Arthritis. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:294-299. [PMID: 38050119 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory joint disease, and early diagnosis is key for effective disease management. CD69 is one of the earliest cell surface markers seen at the surface of activated immune cells, and CD69 is upregulated in synovial tissue in patients with active RA. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a CD69-targeting PET agent, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ZCAM241, for early disease detection in a model of inflammatory arthritis. Methods: A model of inflammatory arthritis was induced by transferring splenocytes from KRN T-cell receptor transgenic B6 mice into T-cell-deficient I-Ag7 major histocompatibility complex class II-expressing recipient mice. The mice were examined longitudinally by [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ZCAM241 PET/CT before and 3, 7, and 12 d after induction of arthritis. Disease progression was monitored by clinical parameters, including measuring body weight and scoring the swelling of the paws. The uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ZCAM241 in the paws was analyzed and expressed as SUVmean Tissue biopsy samples were analyzed for CD69 expression by flow cytometry or immunostaining for a histologic correlate. A second group of mice was examined by a nonbinding, size-matched Affibody molecule as the control. Results: Clinical symptoms appeared 5-7 d after induction of arthritis. The uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ZCAM241 in the joints was negligible at baseline but increased gradually after disease induction. An elevated PET signal was found on day 3, before the appearance of clinical symptoms. The uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ZCAM241 correlated with the clinical score and disease severity. The presence of CD69-positive cells in the joints and lymph nodes was confirmed by flow cytometry and immunostaining. The uptake of the nonbinding tracer that was the negative control also increased gradually with disease progression, although to a lesser extent than with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ZCAM241 Conclusion: The uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ZCAM241 in the inflamed joints preceded the clinical symptoms in the KRN T-cell transfer model of inflammatory arthritis, in accordance with immunostaining for CD69. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ZCAM241 is thus a promising PET imaging marker of activated immune cells in tissue during RA onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Puuvuori
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yunbing Shen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gry Hulsart-Billström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bogdan Mitran
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical AB, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Bo Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pierre Cheung
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olivia Wegrzyniak
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofie Ingvast
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Jonas Persson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Protein Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Ståhl
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Protein Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - John Löfblom
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Protein Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Olof Eriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;
- Antaros Medical AB, Mölndal, Sweden
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Quan Z, Han Z, Yang Y, Wang J, Wang H, Yang L, A R, Hu X, Wang J, Li X, Li X, Yu H, Chen W, Wang K, Sun X. Noninvasive Monitoring of Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer by Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 PET Imaging of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:25-32. [PMID: 37973186 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although immunotherapy has revolutionized the entire cancer treatment landscape, small fractions of patients respond to immunotherapy. Early identification of responders may improve patient management during immunotherapy. In this study, we evaluated a PET approach for monitoring immunotherapy in lung cancer by imaging the upregulation of lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3)-expressing (LAG-3+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Methods: We synthesized a LAG-3-targeted molecular imaging probe, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C25 and performed a series of in vitro and in vivo assays to test its specificity. Next, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C25 PET was used to monitor immunotherapy in murine lung cancer-bearing mice and in humanized mouse models for assessing clinical translational potential, with confirmation by immunostaining and flow cytometry analysis. Results: [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C25 PET could noninvasively detect intertumoral differences in LAG-3+ TIL levels in different tumor models. Importantly, in Lewis lung carcinoma tumor models treated with an agonist of a stimulator of interferon genes, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C25 PET also detected an immunophenotyping transition of the tumor from "cold" to "hot" before changes in tumor size. Meanwhile, animals carrying "hot" tumor showed more significant tumor inhibition and longer survival than those carrying "cold" tumor. [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C25 PET also showed markedly higher tumor uptake in immune system-humanized mice carrying human non-small cell lung cancer than immunodeficient models. Conclusion: [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C25 PET could be used to noninvasively monitor the early response to immunotherapy by imaging LAG-3+ TILs in lung cancer. [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C25 PET also exhibited excellent translational potential, with great significance for the precise management of lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Quan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC) of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhaoguo Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC) of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC) of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiannan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC) of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; and
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC) of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Rong A
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC) of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC) of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC) of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC) of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC) of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC) of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC) of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xilin Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China;
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC) of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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7
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Lafuente-Gómez N, de Lázaro I, Dhanjani M, García-Soriano D, Sobral MC, Salas G, Mooney DJ, Somoza Á. Multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles elicit anti-tumor immunity in a mouse melanoma model. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100817. [PMID: 37822453 PMCID: PMC10562177 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy to eradicate cancer cells. Particularly, the development of cancer vaccines to induce a potent and sustained antigen-specific T cell response has become a center of attention. Herein, we describe a novel immunotherapy based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) covalently modified with the OVA254-267 antigen and a CpG oligonucleotide via disulfide bonds. The MNP-CpG-COVA significantly enhances dendritic cell activation and CD8+ T cell antitumoral response against B16-OVA melanoma cells in vitro. Notably, the immune response induced by the covalently modified MNP is more potent and sustained over time than that triggered by the free components, highlighting the advantage of nanoformulations in immunotherapies. What is more, the nanoparticles are stable in the blood after in vivo administration and induce potent levels of systemic tumor-specific effector CD8 + T cells. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of covalently functionalized MNP to induce robust immune responses against mouse melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Lafuente-Gómez
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Irene de Lázaro
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Mónica Dhanjani
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - David García-Soriano
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Miguel C. Sobral
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gorka Salas
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Unidad de Nanobiotecnología Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - David J. Mooney
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Álvaro Somoza
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Unidad de Nanobiotecnología Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
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8
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Cheng X, Shen J, Xu J, Zhu J, Xu P, Wang Y, Gao M. In vivo clinical molecular imaging of T cell activity. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:1031-1045. [PMID: 37932176 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy is refashioning traditional treatments in the clinic for certain tumors, especially by relying on the activation of T cells. However, the safety and effectiveness of many antitumor immunotherapeutic agents are suboptimal due to difficulties encountered in assessing T cell responses and adjusting treatment regimens accordingly. Here, we review advances in the clinical visualization of T cell activity in vivo, and focus particularly on molecular imaging probes and biomarkers of T cell activation. Current challenges and prospects are also discussed that aim to achieve a better strategy for real-time monitoring of T cell activity, predicting prognoses and responses to tumor immunotherapy, and assessing disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaju Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jiahao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jingwei Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital Institution, Suzhou 215000, PR China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Pei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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9
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Ma X, Mao M, He J, Liang C, Xie HY. Nanoprobe-based molecular imaging for tumor stratification. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6447-6496. [PMID: 37615588 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00063j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The responses of patients to tumor therapies vary due to tumor heterogeneity. Tumor stratification has been attracting increasing attention for accurately distinguishing between responders to treatment and non-responders. Nanoprobes with unique physical and chemical properties have great potential for patient stratification. This review begins by describing the features and design principles of nanoprobes that can visualize specific cell types and biomarkers and release inflammatory factors during or before tumor treatment. Then, we focus on the recent advancements in using nanoprobes to stratify various therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy (RT), photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), ferroptosis, and immunotherapy. The main challenges and perspectives of nanoprobes in cancer stratification are also discussed to facilitate probe development and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Ma
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Mingchuan Mao
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi He
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
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10
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McMorrow R, Zambito G, Nigg A, Lila K, van den Bosch TPP, Lowik CWGM, Mezzanotte L. Whole-body bioluminescence imaging of T-cell response in PDAC models. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207533. [PMID: 37497236 PMCID: PMC10367003 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The location of T-cells during tumor progression and treatment provides crucial information in predicting the response in vivo. Methods Here, we investigated, using our bioluminescent, dual color, T-cell reporter mouse, termed TbiLuc, T-cell location and function during murine PDAC tumor growth and checkpoint blockade treatment with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4. Using this model, we could visualize T-cell location and function in the tumor and the surrounding tumor microenvironment longitudinally. We used murine PDAC clones that formed in vivo tumors with either high T-cell infiltration (immunologically 'hot') or low T-cell infiltration (immunologically 'cold'). Results Differences in total T-cell bioluminescence could be seen between the 'hot' and 'cold' tumors in the TbiLuc mice. During checkpoint blockade treatment we could see in the tumor-draining lymph nodes an increase in bioluminescence on day 7 after treatment. Conclusions In the current work, we showed that the TbiLuc mice can be used to monitor T-cell location and function during tumor growth and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roisin McMorrow
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Percuros BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Zambito
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alex Nigg
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karishma Lila
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Clemens W. G. M. Lowik
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Kheyrolahzadeh K, Tohidkia MR, Tarighatnia A, Shahabi P, Nader ND, Aghanejad A. Theranostic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells: Insight into recent trends and challenges in solid tumors. Life Sci 2023; 328:121917. [PMID: 37422069 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy has reached significant milestones in various life-threatening diseases, including cancer. Cell therapy using fluorescent and radiolabeled chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell is a successful strategy for diagnosing or treating malignancies. Since cell therapy approaches have different results in cancers, the success of hematological cancers has yet to transfer to solid tumor therapy, leading to more casualties. Therefore, there are many areas for improvement in the cell therapy platform. Understanding the therapeutic barriers associated with solid cancers through cell tracking and molecular imaging may provide a platform for effectively delivering CAR-T cells into solid tumors. This review describes CAR-T cells' role in treating solid and non-solid tumors and recent advances. Furthermore, we discuss the main obstacles, mechanism of action, novel strategies and solutions to overcome the challenges from molecular imaging and cell tracking perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Kheyrolahzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza General Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tohidkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Tarighatnia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader D Nader
- Department of Anesthesiology, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Ayuob Aghanejad
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza General Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Nisnboym M, Vincze SR, Xiong Z, Sneiderman CT, Raphael RA, Li B, Jaswal AP, Sever RE, Day KE, LaToche JD, Foley LM, Karimi H, Hitchens TK, Agnihotri S, Hu B, Rajasundaram D, Anderson CJ, Blumenthal DT, Pearce TM, Uttam S, Nedrow JR, Panigrahy A, Pollack IF, Lieberman FS, Drappatz J, Raphael I, Edwards WB, Kohanbash G. Immuno-PET Imaging of CD69 Visualizes T-Cell Activation and Predicts Survival Following Immunotherapy in Murine Glioblastoma. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1173-1188. [PMID: 37426447 PMCID: PMC10324623 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Immunotherapy may be promising for the treatment of some patients with GBM; however, there is a need for noninvasive neuroimaging techniques to predict immunotherapeutic responses. The effectiveness of most immunotherapeutic strategies requires T-cell activation. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate an early marker of T-cell activation, CD69, for its use as an imaging biomarker of response to immunotherapy for GBM. Herein, we performed CD69 immunostaining on human and mouse T cells following in vitro activation and post immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in an orthotopic syngeneic mouse glioma model. CD69 expression on tumor-infiltrating leukocytes was assessed using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from patients with recurrent GBM receiving ICI. Radiolabeled CD69 Ab PET/CT imaging (CD69 immuno-PET) was performed on GBM-bearing mice longitudinally to quantify CD69 and its association with survival following immunotherapy. We show CD69 expression is upregulated upon T-cell activation and on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in response to immunotherapy. Similarly, scRNA-seq data demonstrated elevated CD69 on TILs from patients with ICI-treated recurrent GBM as compared with TILs from control cohorts. CD69 immuno-PET studies showed a significantly higher tracer uptake in the tumors of ICI-treated mice compared with controls. Importantly, we observed a positive correlation between survival and CD69 immuno-PET signals in immunotherapy-treated animals and established a trajectory of T-cell activation by virtue of CD69-immuno-PET measurements. Our study supports the potential use of CD69 immuno-PET as an immunotherapy response assessment imaging tool for patients with GBM. Significance Immunotherapy may hold promise for the treatment of some patients with GBM. There is a need to assess therapy responsiveness to allow the continuation of effective treatment in responders and to avoid ineffective treatment with potential adverse effects in the nonresponders. We demonstrate that noninvasive PET/CT imaging of CD69 may allow early detection of immunotherapy responsiveness in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Nisnboym
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sarah R. Vincze
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zujian Xiong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chaim T. Sneiderman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca A. Raphael
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Cancer Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ambika P. Jaswal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - ReidAnn E. Sever
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn E. Day
- In Vivo Imaging Facility, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph D. LaToche
- In Vivo Imaging Facility, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lesley M. Foley
- In Vivo Imaging Facility, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hanieh Karimi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - T. Kevin Hitchens
- In Vivo Imaging Facility, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Baoli Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Division of Health Informatics, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Deborah T. Blumenthal
- Neuro-oncology Division, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Thomas M. Pearce
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shikhar Uttam
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Cancer Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessie R. Nedrow
- In Vivo Imaging Facility, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian F. Pollack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Frank S. Lieberman
- Neuro-oncology Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan Drappatz
- Neuro-oncology Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Itay Raphael
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wilson B. Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Gary Kohanbash
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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13
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Mulgaonkar A, Udayakumar D, Yang Y, Harris S, Öz OK, Ramakrishnan Geethakumari P, Sun X. Current and potential roles of immuno-PET/-SPECT in CAR T-cell therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1199146. [PMID: 37441689 PMCID: PMC10333708 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1199146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have evolved as breakthrough treatment options for the management of hematological malignancies and are also being developed as therapeutics for solid tumors. However, despite the impressive patient responses from CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapies, ~ 40%-60% of these patients' cancers eventually relapse, with variable prognosis. Such relapses may occur due to a combination of molecular resistance mechanisms, including antigen loss or mutations, T-cell exhaustion, and progression of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This class of therapeutics is also associated with certain unique toxicities, such as cytokine release syndrome, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, and other "on-target, off-tumor" toxicities, as well as anaphylactic effects. Furthermore, manufacturing limitations and challenges associated with solid tumor infiltration have delayed extensive applications. The molecular imaging modalities of immunological positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography (immuno-PET/-SPECT) offer a target-specific and highly sensitive, quantitative, non-invasive platform for longitudinal detection of dynamic variations in target antigen expression in the body. Leveraging these imaging strategies as guidance tools for use with CAR T-cell therapies may enable the timely identification of resistance mechanisms and/or toxic events when they occur, permitting effective therapeutic interventions. In addition, the utilization of these approaches in tracking the CAR T-cell pharmacokinetics during product development and optimization may help to assess their efficacy and accordingly to predict treatment outcomes. In this review, we focus on current challenges and potential opportunities in the application of immuno-PET/-SPECT imaging strategies to address the challenges encountered with CAR T-cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Mulgaonkar
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Durga Udayakumar
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yaxing Yang
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Shelby Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Orhan K. Öz
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Praveen Ramakrishnan Geethakumari
- Section of Hematologic Malignancies/Transplant and Cell Therapy, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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14
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Schwenck J, Sonanini D, Cotton JM, Rammensee HG, la Fougère C, Zender L, Pichler BJ. Advances in PET imaging of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00576-4. [PMID: 37258875 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has experienced enormous advancements in the areas of imaging technology, imaging probe and contrast development, and data quality, as well as machine learning-based data analysis. Positron emission tomography (PET) and its combination with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a multimodality PET-CT or PET-MRI system offer a wealth of molecular, functional and morphological data with a single patient scan. Despite the recent technical advances and the availability of dozens of disease-specific contrast and imaging probes, only a few parameters, such as tumour size or the mean tracer uptake, are used for the evaluation of images in clinical practice. Multiparametric in vivo imaging data not only are highly quantitative but also can provide invaluable information about pathophysiology, receptor expression, metabolism, or morphological and functional features of tumours, such as pH, oxygenation or tissue density, as well as pharmacodynamic properties of drugs, to measure drug response with a contrast agent. It can further quantitatively map and spatially resolve the intertumoural and intratumoural heterogeneity, providing insights into tumour vulnerabilities for target-specific therapeutic interventions. Failure to exploit and integrate the full potential of such powerful imaging data may lead to a lost opportunity in which patients do not receive the best possible care. With the desire to implement personalized medicine in the cancer clinic, the full comprehensive diagnostic power of multiplexed imaging should be utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schwenck
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Sonanini
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Cotton
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Immunology, IFIZ Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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15
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Shih KC, Chan HW, Wu CY, Chuang HY. Curcumin Enhances the Abscopal Effect in Mice with Colorectal Cancer by Acting as an Immunomodulator. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051519. [PMID: 37242761 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective cancer treatment. The abscopal effect, referring to the unexpected shrinkage observed in non-irradiated tumors after radiation therapy, is thought to be mediated by systemic immune activation. However, it has low incidence and is unpredictable. Here, RT was combined with curcumin to investigate how curcumin affects RT-induced abscopal effects in mice with bilateral CT26 colorectal tumors. Indium 111-labeled DOTA-anti-OX40 mAb was synthesized to detect the activated T cell accumulations in primary and secondary tumors correlating with the changes in protein expressions and tumor growth to understand the overall effects of the combination of RT and curcumin. The combination treatment caused the most significant tumor suppression in both primary and secondary tumors, accompanied by the highest 111In-DOTA-OX40 mAb tumor accumulations. The combination treatment elevated expressions of proapoptotic proteins (Bax and cleaved caspase-3) and proinflammatory proteins (granzyme B, IL-6, and IL-1β) in both primary and secondary tumors. Based on the biodistribution of 111In-DOTA-OX40 mAb, tumor growth inhibition, and anti-tumor protein expression, our findings suggest that curcumin could act as an immune booster to augment RT-induced anti-tumor and abscopal effects effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Chung Shih
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yen Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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16
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Molecular MRI-Based Monitoring of Cancer Immunotherapy Treatment Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043151. [PMID: 36834563 PMCID: PMC9959624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy constitutes a paradigm shift in cancer treatment. Its FDA approval for several indications has yielded improved prognosis for cases where traditional therapy has shown limited efficiency. However, many patients still fail to benefit from this treatment modality, and the exact mechanisms responsible for tumor response are unknown. Noninvasive treatment monitoring is crucial for longitudinal tumor characterization and the early detection of non-responders. While various medical imaging techniques can provide a morphological picture of the lesion and its surrounding tissue, a molecular-oriented imaging approach holds the key to unraveling biological effects that occur much earlier in the immunotherapy timeline. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a highly versatile imaging modality, where the image contrast can be tailored to emphasize a particular biophysical property of interest using advanced engineering of the imaging pipeline. In this review, recent advances in molecular-MRI based cancer immunotherapy monitoring are described. Next, the presentation of the underlying physics, computational, and biological features are complemented by a critical analysis of the results obtained in preclinical and clinical studies. Finally, emerging artificial intelligence (AI)-based strategies to further distill, quantify, and interpret the image-based molecular MRI information are discussed in terms of perspectives for the future.
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17
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Rhee JY, Ghannam JY, Choi BD, Gerstner ER. Labeling T Cells to Track Immune Response to Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma. Tomography 2023; 9:274-284. [PMID: 36828374 PMCID: PMC9959194 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While the advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, its use in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) has been less successful. Most studies using immunotherapy in GBM have been negative and the reasons for this are still being studied. In clinical practice, interpreting response to immunotherapy has been challenging, particularly when trying to differentiate between treatment-related changes (i.e., pseudoprogression) or true tumor progression. T cell tagging is one promising technique to noninvasively monitor treatment efficacy by assessing the migration, expansion, and engagement of T cells and their ability to target tumor cells at the tumor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Y. Rhee
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jack Y. Ghannam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bryan D. Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Gerstner
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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18
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Levi J, Song H. The other immuno-PET: Metabolic tracers in evaluation of immune responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for solid tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1113924. [PMID: 36700226 PMCID: PMC9868703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Unique patterns of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, discernable in the earliest clinical trials, demanded a reconsideration of the standard methods of radiological treatment assessment. Immunomonitoring, that characterizes immune responses, offers several significant advantages over the tumor-centric approach currently used in the clinical practice: 1) better understanding of the drugs' mechanism of action and treatment resistance, 2) earlier assessment of response to therapy, 3) patient/therapy selection, 4) evaluation of toxicity and 5) more accurate end-point in clinical trials. PET imaging in combination with the right agent offers non-invasive tracking of immune processes on a whole-body level and thus represents a method uniquely well-suited for immunomonitoring. Small molecule metabolic tracers, largely neglected in the immuno-PET discourse, offer a way to monitor immune responses by assessing cellular metabolism known to be intricately linked with immune cell function. In this review, we highlight the use of small molecule metabolic tracers in imaging immune responses, provide a view of their value in the clinic and discuss the importance of image analysis in the context of tracking a moving target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Levi
- CellSight Technologies Incorporated, San Francisco, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Jelena Levi,
| | - Hong Song
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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19
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Shi C, Zhang Q, Yao Y, Zeng F, Du C, Nijiati S, Wen X, Zhang X, Yang H, Chen H, Guo Z, Zhang X, Gao J, Guo W, Chen X, Zhou Z. Targeting the activity of T cells by membrane surface redox regulation for cancer theranostics. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:86-97. [PMID: 36536041 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
T cells play a determining role in the immunomodulation and prognostic evaluation of cancer treatments relying on immune activation. While specific biomarkers determine the population and distribution of T cells in tumours, the in situ activity of T cells is less studied. Here we designed T-cell-targeting fusogenic liposomes to regulate and quantify the activity of T cells by exploiting their surface redox status as a chemical target. The T-cell-targeting fusogenic liposomes equipped with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP) groups neutralize reactive oxygen species protecting T cells from oxidation-induced loss of activity. Meanwhile, the production of paramagnetic 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) radicals allows magnetic resonance imaging quantification of the T cell activity. In multiple mouse models, the T-cell-targeting fusogenic liposomes led to efficient tumour inhibition and to early prediction of radiotherapy outcomes. This study uses a chemical targeting strategy to measure the in situ activity of T cells for cancer theranostics and may provide further understanding on engineering T cells for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuying Yao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fantian Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Sureya Nijiati
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuejun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongzhang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haoting Chen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhide Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinhao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weisheng Guo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Zijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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20
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Sako MO, Larimer BM. Imaging of Activated T Cells. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:30-33. [PMID: 36460341 PMCID: PMC9841244 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune response plays a critical role in detecting, eliminating, and creating a memory toward foreign pathogens and malignant cells. Demonstration of the specific and effective target killing of T cells in cancer has reignited interest in the study and therapeutic manipulation of the interaction between tumor and immune system. To both improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse events, accurate monitoring of the activation of T cells is required. Several approaches to monitoring not just the presence, but importantly the activation, of T cells have been developed. Here, we review the recent advances in T-cell activation imaging and future directions for potential implementation into clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad O. Sako
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;,O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and,Graduate Biomedical Science Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Benjamin M. Larimer
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;,O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
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21
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Zhou M, Liang S, Liu D, Ma K, Peng Y, Wang Z. Engineered Nanoprobes for Immune Activation Monitoring. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19940-19958. [PMID: 36454191 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The activation of the immune system is critical for cancer immunotherapy and treatments of inflammatory diseases. Non-invasive visualization of immunoactivation is designed to monitor the dynamic nature of the immune response and facilitate the assessment of therapeutic outcomes, which, however, remains challenging. Conventional imaging modalities, such as positron emission tomography, computed tomography, etc., were utilized for imaging immune-related biomarkers. To explore the dynamic immune monitoring, probes with signals correlated to biomarkers of immune activation or prognosis are urgently needed. These emerging molecular probes, which turn on the signal only in the presence of the intended biomarker, can improve the detection specificity. These probes with "turn on" signals enable non-invasive, dynamic, and real-time imaging with high sensitivity and efficiency, showing significance for multifunctionality/multimodality imaging. As a result, more and more innovative engineered nanoprobes combined with diverse imaging modalities were developed to assess the activation of the immune system. In this work, we comprehensively review the recent and emerging advances in engineered nanoprobes for monitoring immune activation in cancer or other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and discuss the potential in predicting the efficacy following treatments. Research on real-time in vivo immunoimaging is still under exploration, and this review can provide guidance and facilitate the development and application of next-generation imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongshuo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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22
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Alsaid H, Cheng SH, Bi M, Xie F, Rambo M, Skedzielewski T, Hoang B, Mohanan S, Comroe D, Gehman A, Hsu CY, Farhangi K, Tran H, Sherina V, Doan M, Groseclose MR, Hopson CB, Brett S, Wilson IA, Nicholls A, Ballas M, Waight JD, Jucker BM. Immuno-PET Monitoring of CD8 + T Cell Infiltration Post ICOS Agonist Antibody Treatment Alone and in Combination with PD-1 Blocking Antibody Using a 89Zr Anti-CD8 + Mouse Minibody in EMT6 Syngeneic Tumor Mouse. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 25:528-540. [PMID: 36266600 PMCID: PMC10172244 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The presence and functional competence of intratumoral CD8+ T cells is often a barometer for successful immunotherapeutic responses in cancer. Despite this understanding and the extensive number of clinical-stage immunotherapies focused on potentiation (co-stimulation) or rescue (checkpoint blockade) of CD8+ T cell antitumor activity, dynamic biomarker strategies are often lacking. To help fill this gap, immuno-PET nuclear imaging has emerged as a powerful tool for in vivo molecular imaging of antibody targeting. Here, we took advantage of immuno-PET imaging using 89Zr-IAB42M1-14, anti-mouse CD8 minibody, to characterize CD8+ T-cell tumor infiltration dynamics following ICOS (inducible T-cell co-stimulator) agonist antibody treatment alone and in combination with PD-1 blocking antibody in a model of mammary carcinoma. PROCEDURES Female BALB/c mice with established EMT6 tumors received 10 µg, IP of either IgG control antibodies, ICOS agonist monotherapy, or ICOS/PD-1 combination therapy on days 0, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, or 14. Imaging was performed at 24 and 48 h post IV dose of 89Zr IAB42M1-14. In addition to 89Zr-IAB42M1-14 uptake in tumor and tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN), 3D radiomic features were extracted from PET/CT images to identify treatment effects. Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed at end of study. RESULTS 89Zr-IAB42M1-14 uptake in the tumor was observed by day 11 and was preceded by an increase in the TDLN as early as day 4. The spatial distribution of 89Zr-IAB42M1-14 was more uniform in the drug treated vs. control tumors, which had spatially distinct tracer uptake in the periphery relative to the core of the tumor. IMC analysis showed an increased percentage of cytotoxic T cells in the ICOS monotherapy and ICOS/PD-1 combination group compared to IgG controls. Additionally, temporal radiomics analysis demonstrated early predictiveness of imaging features. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first detailed description of the use of a novel immune-PET imaging technique to assess the kinetics of CD8+ T-cell infiltration into tumor and lymphoid tissues following ICOS agonist and PD-1 blocking antibody therapy. By demonstrating the capacity for increased spatial and temporal resolution of CD8+ T-cell infiltration across tumors and lymphoid tissues, these observations underscore the widespread potential clinical utility of non-invasive PET imaging for T-cell-based immunotherapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Alsaid
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA.
| | - Shih-Hsun Cheng
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Meixia Bi
- Immuno-Oncology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Fang Xie
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Mary Rambo
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | | | - Bao Hoang
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Sunish Mohanan
- Non-Clinical Safety, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Debra Comroe
- Integrated Biological Platform Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Gehman
- Research Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Chih-Yang Hsu
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Kamyar Farhangi
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Hoang Tran
- Research Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | - Minh Doan
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Brett
- Oncology Cell Therapy Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | | | - Marc Ballas
- Oncology Clinical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy D Waight
- Immuno-Oncology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Beat M Jucker
- Clinical Imaging, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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23
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Ma X, Zhang MJ, Wang J, Zhang T, Xue P, Kang Y, Sun ZJ, Xu Z. Emerging Biomaterials Imaging Antitumor Immune Response. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204034. [PMID: 35728795 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is one of the most promising clinical modalities for the treatment of malignant tumors and has shown excellent therapeutic outcomes in clinical settings. However, it continues to face several challenges, including long treatment cycles, high costs, immune-related adverse events, and low response rates. Thus, it is critical to predict the response rate to immunotherapy by using imaging technology in the preoperative and intraoperative. Here, the latest advances in nanosystem-based biomaterials used for predicting responses to immunotherapy via the imaging of immune cells and signaling molecules in the immune microenvironment are comprehensively summarized. Several imaging methods, such as fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography imaging, ultrasound imaging, and photoacoustic imaging, used in immune predictive imaging, are discussed to show the potential of nanosystems for distinguishing immunotherapy responders from nonresponders. Nanosystem-based biomaterials aided by various imaging technologies are expected to enable the effective prediction and diagnosis in cases of tumors, inflammation, and other public diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy and Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Jie Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jingting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy and Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy and Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy and Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yuejun Kang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy and Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy and Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
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24
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Positron Emission Tomography Probes for Imaging Cytotoxic Immune Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102040. [PMID: 36297474 PMCID: PMC9610635 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of immune cells is a powerful approach for monitoring the dynamics of immune cells in response to immunotherapy. Despite the clinical success of many immunotherapeutic agents, their clinical efficacy is limited to a subgroup of patients. Conventional imaging, as well as analysis of tissue biopsies and blood samples do not reflect the complex interaction between tumour and immune cells. Consequently, PET probes are being developed to capture the dynamics of such interactions, which may improve patient stratification and treatment evaluation. The clinical efficacy of cancer immunotherapy relies on both the infiltration and function of cytotoxic immune cells at the tumour site. Thus, various immune biomarkers have been investigated as potential targets for PET imaging of immune response. Herein, we provide an overview of the most recent developments in PET imaging of immune response, including the radiosynthesis approaches employed in their development.
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25
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Edwards KJ, Chang B, Babazada H, Lohith K, Park DH, Farwell MD, Sellmyer MA. Using CD69 PET Imaging to Monitor Immunotherapy-Induced Immune Activation. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:1084-1094. [PMID: 35862229 PMCID: PMC10026840 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been effective in treating a subset of refractory solid tumors, but only a small percentage of treated patients benefit from these therapies. Thus, there is a clinical need for reliable tools that allow for the early assessment of response to ICIs, as well as a preclinical need for imaging tools that aid in the future development and understanding of immunotherapies. Here we demonstrate that CD69, a canonical early-activation marker expressed on a variety of activated immune cells, including cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, is a promising biomarker for the early assessment of response to immunotherapies. We have developed a PET probe by radiolabeling a highly specific CD69 mAb, H1.2F3, with Zirconium-89 (89Zr), [89Zr]-deferoxamine (DFO)-H1.2F3. [89Zr]-DFO-H1.2F3 detected changes in CD69 expression on primary mouse T cells in vitro and detected activated immune cells in a syngeneic tumor immunotherapy model. In vitro uptake studies with [89Zr]-DFO-H1.2F3 showed a 15-fold increase in CD69 expression for activated primary mouse T cells, relative to untreated resting T cells. In vivo PET imaging showed that tumors of ICI-responsive mice had greater uptake than the tumors of nonresponsive and untreated mice. Ex vivo biodistribution, autoradiography, and IHC analyses supported the PET imaging findings. These data suggest that the CD69 PET imaging approach detects CD69 expression with sufficient sensitivity to quantify immune cell activation in a syngeneic mouse immunotherapy model and could allow for the prediction of therapeutic immune responses to novel immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Edwards
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bryan Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hasan Babazada
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katheryn Lohith
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel H Park
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael D Farwell
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark A Sellmyer
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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26
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Lau D, Corrie PG, Gallagher FA. MRI techniques for immunotherapy monitoring. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004708. [PMID: 36122963 PMCID: PMC9486399 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI is a widely available clinical tool for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. MRI provides excellent soft tissue imaging, using a wide range of contrast mechanisms, and can non-invasively detect tissue metabolites. These approaches can be used to distinguish cancer from normal tissues, to stratify tumor aggressiveness, and to identify changes within both the tumor and its microenvironment in response to therapy. In this review, the role of MRI in immunotherapy monitoring will be discussed and how it could be utilized in the future to address some of the unique clinical questions that arise from immunotherapy. For example, MRI could play a role in identifying pseudoprogression, mixed response, T cell infiltration, cell tracking, and some of the characteristic immune-related adverse events associated with these agents. The factors to be considered when developing MRI imaging biomarkers for immunotherapy will be reviewed. Finally, the advantages and limitations of each approach will be discussed, as well as the challenges for future clinical translation into routine clinical care. Given the increasing use of immunotherapy in a wide range of cancers and the ability of MRI to detect the microstructural and functional changes associated with successful response to immunotherapy, the technique has great potential for more widespread and routine use in the future for these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Lau
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pippa G Corrie
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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27
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Wu J, Mayer AT, Li R. Integrated imaging and molecular analysis to decipher tumor microenvironment in the era of immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 84:310-328. [PMID: 33290844 PMCID: PMC8319834 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiological imaging is an integral component of cancer care, including diagnosis, staging, and treatment response monitoring. It contains rich information about tumor phenotypes that are governed not only by cancer cellintrinsic biological processes but also by the tumor microenvironment, such as the composition and function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. By analyzing the radiological scans using a quantitative radiomics approach, robust relations between specific imaging and molecular phenotypes can be established. Indeed, a number of studies have demonstrated the feasibility of radiogenomics for predicting intrinsic molecular subtypes and gene expression signatures in breast cancer based on MRI. In parallel, promising results have been shown for inferring the amount of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, a key factor for the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, from standard-of-care radiological images. Compared with the biopsy-based approach, radiogenomics offers a unique avenue to profile the molecular makeup of the tumor and immune microenvironment as well as its evolution in a noninvasive and holistic manner through longitudinal imaging scans. Here, we provide a systematic review of the state of the art radiogenomics studies in the era of immunotherapy and discuss emerging paradigms and opportunities in AI and deep learning approaches. These technical advances are expected to transform the radiogenomics field, leading to the discovery of reliable imaging biomarkers. This will pave the way for their clinical translation to guide precision cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wu
- Department of Imaging Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas, 77030, USA; Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas, 77030, USA.
| | - Aaron T Mayer
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA; BioX Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Ruijiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
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28
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Mulero F. ImmunoPET in oncology. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2022; 41:332-339. [PMID: 35961857 DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to increase of immunotherapy in oncology, it is essential to have a biological characterization of tumors. Knowing which antigens are expressed both on the surface of the tumor cell and at tumor microenvironment in order to predict the tretment response different therapeutic antibodies, has become a need. ImmunoPET is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging tool that combines the high specificity of antibodies against antigens with the high sensitivity, resolution and quantification capacity of PET imaging. With ImmunoPET we obtain a virtual biopsy of tumors, it has a big present and future in preclinical-clinical research, being already a reality in predicting and monitoring the response to treatments with monoclonal antibodies, allowing a selection of patients and therapies reaching a personalized medicine contributing to improve clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Mulero
- Unidad de Imagen Molecular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid, Spain.
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InmunoPET en oncología. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Dong Y, Chen C, Suo B, Yue X, Han P, Zhou Y, Qiao H. Fluorophore-Conjugated Anti-ICOS Antibody Enables Precise Prediction of Therapeutic Response of the STING Agonist in Colorectal Cancer via NIRF Imaging. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3877-3883. [PMID: 36018674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The innovation of cancer immunotherapy is improving the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in clinics. Nevertheless, due to tumor heterogeneity and complex underlying inhibitory mechanisms, the therapeutic response greatly varies among different patients. To optimize the clinical management of CRC patients, it is critical to develop novel approaches for response monitoring and prediction. In the current study, we developed a novel near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging probe (Cy5.5-ICOS mAb) targeting the inducible T-cell costimulatory receptor (ICOS or CD278) and assessed its capacity for the detection of ICOS+-activated T cells in vivo. ICOS expression was evaluated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining in subcutaneous MC38 models treated with the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist (STINGa). NIRF imaging study was performed 1 day after the last treatment, and tumor volume was monitored every other day with a caliper. A significantly higher optical signal could be detected at tumor regions in STINGa group, compared with that in the PBS group at all time points imaged, and this was in line with ex vivo imaging and immunofluorescence staining study. The data demonstrated that Cy5.5-ICOS mAb could detect ICOS+-activated T cells with high specificity, and ICOS NIRF imaging is a promising strategy for predicting and monitoring immune response in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Bing Suo
- Department of Scientific Research Management, Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xilian Yue
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Haiquan Qiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
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ICOS ImmunoPET Enables Visualization of Activated T Cells and Early Diagnosis of Murine Acute Gastrointestinal GvHD. Blood Adv 2022; 6:4782-4792. [PMID: 35790103 PMCID: PMC9631671 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a well-established and potentially curative treatment for a broad range of hematological diseases, bone marrow failure states and genetic disorders. Acute graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD), mediated by donor T cells attacking host tissue, still represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality following allogeneic HCT. Current approaches to diagnosis of gastrointestinal acute GvHD rely on clinical and pathological criteria that manifest at late stages of disease. New strategies allowing for GvHD prediction and diagnosis, prior to symptom onset, are urgently needed. Noninvasive antibody-based PET (immunoPET) imaging of T cell activation post allogeneic HCT is a promising strategy towards this goal. In this work, we identified Inducible T-cell COStimulator (ICOS) as a potential immunoPET target for imaging activated T cells during GvHD. We demonstrate that the use of the 89Zr-DFO-ICOS monoclonal antibody (mAb) PET tracer, allows in vivo visualization of donor T cell activation in target tissues, namely the intestinal tract, in a murine model of acute GvHD. Importantly, we demonstrate that the 89Zr-DFO-ICOS mAb PET tracer does not affect GvHD pathogenesis or the graft-versus-tumor (GvT) effect of the transplant procedure. Our data identify ICOS immunoPET as a promising strategy for early GvHD diagnosis prior to the appearance of clinical symptoms.
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Zhou H, Wang Y, Xu H, Shen X, Zhang T, Zhou X, Zeng Y, Li K, Zhang L, Zhu H, Yang X, Li N, Yang Z, Liu Z. Noninvasive interrogation of CD8+ T cell effector function for monitoring tumor early responses to immunotherapy. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:161065. [PMID: 35788116 PMCID: PMC9374377 DOI: 10.1172/jci161065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurately identifying patients who respond to immunotherapy remains clinically challenging. A noninvasive method that can longitudinally capture information about immune cell function and assist in the early assessment of tumor responses is highly desirable for precision immunotherapy. Here, we show that PET imaging using a granzyme B–targeted radiotracer named 68Ga-grazytracer, could noninvasively and effectively predict tumor responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T cell transfer therapy in multiple tumor models. 68Ga-grazytracer was designed and selected from several radiotracers based on non-aldehyde peptidomimetics, and exhibited excellent in vivo metabolic stability and favorable targeting efficiency to granzyme B secreted by effector CD8+ T cells during immune responses. 68Ga-grazytracer permitted more sensitive discrimination of responders and nonresponders than did 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, distinguishing between tumor pseudoprogression and true progression upon immune checkpoint blockade therapy in mouse models with varying immunogenicity. In a preliminary clinical trial with 5 patients, no adverse events were observed after 68Ga-grazytracer injection, and clinical responses in cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy were favorably correlated with 68Ga-grazytracer PET results. These results highlight the potential of 68Ga-grazytracer PET to enhance the clinical effectiveness of granzyme B secretion–related immunotherapies by supporting early response assessment and precise patient stratification in a noninvasive and longitudinal manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanpu Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchuang Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuling Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwen Zeng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Lauwerys L, Smits E, Van den Wyngaert T, Elvas F. Radionuclide Imaging of Cytotoxic Immune Cell Responses to Anti-Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051074. [PMID: 35625811 PMCID: PMC9139020 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is an evolving and promising cancer treatment that takes advantage of the body’s immune system to yield effective tumor elimination. Importantly, immunotherapy has changed the treatment landscape for many cancers, resulting in remarkable tumor responses and improvements in patient survival. However, despite impressive tumor effects and extended patient survival, only a small proportion of patients respond, and others can develop immune-related adverse events associated with these therapies, which are associated with considerable costs. Therefore, strategies to increase the proportion of patients gaining a benefit from these treatments and/or increasing the durability of immune-mediated tumor response are still urgently needed. Currently, measurement of blood or tissue biomarkers has demonstrated sampling limitations, due to intrinsic tumor heterogeneity and the latter being invasive. In addition, the unique response patterns of these therapies are not adequately captured by conventional imaging modalities. Consequently, non-invasive, sensitive, and quantitative molecular imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using specific radiotracers, have been increasingly used for longitudinal whole-body monitoring of immune responses. Immunotherapies rely on the effector function of CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells (NK) at tumor lesions; therefore, the monitoring of these cytotoxic immune cells is of value for therapy response assessment. Different immune cell targets have been investigated as surrogate markers of response to immunotherapy, which motivated the development of multiple imaging agents. In this review, the targets and radiotracers being investigated for monitoring the functional status of immune effector cells are summarized, and their use for imaging of immune-related responses are reviewed along their limitations and pitfalls, of which multiple have already been translated to the clinic. Finally, emerging effector immune cell imaging strategies and future directions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Lauwerys
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Tim Van den Wyngaert
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
- Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
- Correspondence:
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34
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Arnouk S, De Groof TW, Van Ginderachter JA. Imaging and therapeutic targeting of the tumor immune microenvironment with biologics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114239. [PMID: 35351469 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The important role of tumor microenvironmental elements in determining tumor progression and metastasis has been firmly established. In particular, the presence and activity profile of tumor-infiltrating immune cells may be associated with the outcome of the disease and may predict responsiveness to (immuno)therapy. Indeed, while some immune cell types, such as macrophages, support cancer cell outgrowth and mediate therapy resistance, the presence of activated CD8+ T cells is usually indicative of a better prognosis. It is therefore of the utmost interest to obtain a full picture of the immune infiltrate in tumors, either as a prognostic test, as a way to stratify patients to maximize therapeutic success, or as therapy follow-up. Hence, the non-invasive imaging of these cells is highly warranted, with biologics being prime candidates to achieve this goal.
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35
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Wu AM, Pandit-Taskar N. ImmunoPET: harnessing antibodies for imaging immune cells. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:181-197. [PMID: 34550529 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dramatic, but uneven, progress in the development of immunotherapies for cancer has created a need for better diagnostic technologies including innovative non-invasive imaging approaches. This review discusses challenges and opportunities for molecular imaging in immuno-oncology and focuses on the unique role that antibodies can fill. ImmunoPET has been implemented for detection of immune cell subsets, activation and inhibitory biomarkers, tracking adoptively transferred cellular therapeutics, and many additional applications in preclinical models. Parallel progress in radionuclide availability and infrastructure supporting biopharmaceutical manufacturing has accelerated clinical translation. ImmunoPET is poised to provide key information on prognosis, patient selection, and monitoring immune responses to therapy in cancer and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Wu
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Center for Theranostics Studies, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Neeta Pandit-Taskar
- Molecular Imaging &Therapy Svc, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Targeted Radioimmunotherapy and Theranostics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, MSK, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Lee S, Cavaliere A, Gallezot JD, Keler T, Michelhaugh SK, Belitzky E, Liu M, Mulnix T, Maher SE, Bothwell ALM, Li F, Phadke M, Mittal S, Marquez-Nostra B. [89Zr]ZrDFO-CR011 positron emission tomography correlates with response to glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma B-targeted therapy in triple negative breast cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:440-447. [PMID: 35027482 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for prognostic markers to select patients most likely to benefit from antibody drug conjugate (ADC) therapy. We quantified the relationship between pre-treatment positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma B (gpNMB) with 89Zr-labeled anti-gpNMB antibody ([89Zr]ZrDFO-CR011) and response to ADC therapy (CDX-011) in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). First, we compared different PET imaging metrics and found that standardized uptake values (SUV) and tumor-to-heart SUV ratios (SUVR) were sufficient to delineate differences in radiotracer uptake in the tumor of four different cell- and patient-derived tumor models and achieved high standardized effect sizes. These tumor models with varying levels of gpNMB expression were imaged with [89Zr]ZrDFO-CR011 followed by treatment with a single bolus injection of CDX-011. The percent change in tumor volume relative to baseline (% CTV) was then correlated with SUVmean of [89Zr]ZrDFO-CR011 uptake in the tumor. All gpNMB-positive tumor models responded to CDX-011 over 6 weeks of treatment, except one patient-derived tumor re-grew after 4 weeks of treatment. As expected, the gpNMB-negative tumor increased in volume by 130 {plus minus} 59 % at endpoint. The magnitude of pre-treatment SUV had the strongest inverse correlation with the % CTV at 2 - 4 weeks after treatment with CDX-011 (Spearman ρ = -0.8). However, pre-treatment PET imaging with [89Zr]ZrDFO-CR011 did not inform on which tumor types will re-grow over time. Other methods will be needed to predict resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supum Lee
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Liu
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University
| | | | | | | | - Fangyong Li
- Yale Center for Analytic Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health
| | - Manali Phadke
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Sandeep Mittal
- Neurosurgery, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine
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37
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Hartimath SV, Ramasamy B, Xuan TY, Rong TJ, Khanapur S, Cheng P, Hwang YY, Robins EG, Goggi JL. Granzyme B PET Imaging in Response to In Situ Vaccine Therapy Combined with αPD1 in a Murine Colon Cancer Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010150. [PMID: 35057046 PMCID: PMC8779135 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block checkpoint receptors that tumours use for immune evasion, allowing immune cells to target and destroy cancer cells. Despite rapid advancements in immunotherapy, durable response rates to ICIs remains low. To address this, combination clinical trials are underway assessing whether adjuvants can enhance responsiveness by increasing tumour immunogenicity. CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) are synthetic DNA fragments containing an unmethylated cysteine-guanosine motif that stimulate the innate and adaptive immune systems by engaging Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) present on the plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and B cells. Here, we have assessed the ability of AlF-mNOTA-GZP, a peptide tracer targeting granzyme B, to serve as a PET imaging biomarker in response to CpG-ODN 1585 in situ vaccine therapy delivered intratumourally (IT) or intraperitoneally (IP) either as monotherapy or in combination with αPD1. [18F]AlF-mNOTA-GZP was able to differentiate treatment responders from non-responders based on tumour uptake. Furthermore, [18F]AlF-mNOTA-GZP showed positive associations with changes in tumour-associated lymphocytes expressing GZB, namely GZB+ CD8+ T cells, and decreases in suppressive F4/80+ cells. [18F]AlF-mNOTA-GZP tumour uptake was mediated by GZB expressing CD8+ cells and successfully stratifies therapy responders from non-responders, potentially acting as a non-invasive biomarker for ICIs and combination therapy evaluation in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddesh V. Hartimath
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry & Molecular Imaging (LRMI), Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR Research Entities, Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (B.R.); (T.Y.X.); (T.J.R.); (S.K.); (P.C.); (E.G.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.V.H.); (J.L.G.)
| | - Boominathan Ramasamy
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry & Molecular Imaging (LRMI), Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR Research Entities, Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (B.R.); (T.Y.X.); (T.J.R.); (S.K.); (P.C.); (E.G.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Tan Yun Xuan
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry & Molecular Imaging (LRMI), Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR Research Entities, Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (B.R.); (T.Y.X.); (T.J.R.); (S.K.); (P.C.); (E.G.R.)
| | - Tang Jun Rong
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry & Molecular Imaging (LRMI), Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR Research Entities, Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (B.R.); (T.Y.X.); (T.J.R.); (S.K.); (P.C.); (E.G.R.)
| | - Shivashankar Khanapur
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry & Molecular Imaging (LRMI), Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR Research Entities, Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (B.R.); (T.Y.X.); (T.J.R.); (S.K.); (P.C.); (E.G.R.)
| | - Peter Cheng
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry & Molecular Imaging (LRMI), Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR Research Entities, Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (B.R.); (T.Y.X.); (T.J.R.); (S.K.); (P.C.); (E.G.R.)
| | - You Yi Hwang
- FACS facility, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR Research Entities, Immunos, Singapore 138665, Singapore;
| | - Edward G. Robins
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry & Molecular Imaging (LRMI), Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR Research Entities, Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (B.R.); (T.Y.X.); (T.J.R.); (S.K.); (P.C.); (E.G.R.)
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre (CIRC), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Julian L. Goggi
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry & Molecular Imaging (LRMI), Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR Research Entities, Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (B.R.); (T.Y.X.); (T.J.R.); (S.K.); (P.C.); (E.G.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.V.H.); (J.L.G.)
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Li C, Han C, Duan S, Li P, Alam I, Xiao Z. Visualizing T cell responses: The T cell PET imaging toolbox. J Nucl Med 2021; 63:183-188. [PMID: 34887338 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.261976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes are key mediators of the adaptive immune response. Inappropriate or imbalanced T cell responses are underlying factors in cancer progression, allergy and other immune disorders. Monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of T cells and their functional status has the potential to provide unique biological insights in health and disease. Non-invasive positron emission tomography (PET) imaging represents an ideal whole-body modality for achieving this goal. With the appropriate PET imaging probes, T cell dynamics can be monitored in vivo, with high specificity and sensitivity. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the applications of this state-of-the-art T cell PET imaging toolbox, and the potential it has to improve the clinical management of cancer immunotherapy and T cell- driven diseases. We also discuss future directions and prospects for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Harbin Medical University, China
| | | | | | - Ping Li
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Israt Alam
- MIPS, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine
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Sun J, Liu F, Yu W, Fu D, Jiang Q, Mo F, Wang X, Shi T, Wang F, Pang D, Liu X. Visualization of Vaccine Dynamics with Quantum Dots for Immunotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24275-24283. [PMID: 34476884 PMCID: PMC8652846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The direct visualization of vaccine fate is important to investigate its immunoactivation process to elucidate the detailed molecular reaction process at single-molecular level. Yet, visualization of the spatiotemporal trafficking of vaccines remains poorly explored. Here, we show that quantum dot (QD) nanomaterials allow for monitoring vaccine dynamics and for amplified immune response. Synthetic QDs enable efficient conjugation of antigen and adjuvants to target tissues and cells, and non-invasive imaging the trafficking dynamics to lymph nodes and cellular compartments. The nanoparticle vaccine elicits potent immune responses and anti-tumor efficacy alone or in combination with programmed cell death protein 1 blockade. The synthetic QDs showed high fluorescence quantum yield and superior photostability, and the reliable and long-term spatiotemporal tracking of vaccine dynamics was realized for the first time by using the synthetic QDs, providing a powerful strategy for studying immune response and evaluating vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Wenqian Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Dandan Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Qunying Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Fengye Mo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Xiuyuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Tianhui Shi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Fuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Dai‐Wen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyTianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular RecognitionFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterResearch Center for Analytical SciencesCollege of ChemistryFrontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
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40
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Sun J, Liu F, Yu W, Fu D, Jiang Q, Mo F, Wang X, Shi T, Wang F, Pang D, Liu X. Visualization of Vaccine Dynamics with Quantum Dots for Immunotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Wenqian Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Dandan Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Qunying Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Fengye Mo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Xiuyuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Tianhui Shi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Fuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Dai‐Wen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter Research Center for Analytical Sciences College of Chemistry Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
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Imaging CAR T-cell kinetics in solid tumors: Translational implications. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 22:355-367. [PMID: 34553024 PMCID: PMC8426175 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Success in solid tumor chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy requires overcoming several barriers, including lung sequestration, inefficient accumulation within the tumor, and target-antigen heterogeneity. Understanding CAR T-cell kinetics can assist in the interpretation of therapy response and limitations and thereby facilitate developing successful strategies to treat solid tumors. As T-cell therapy response varies across metastatic sites, the assessment of CAR T-cell kinetics by peripheral blood analysis or a single-site tumor biopsy is inadequate for interpretation of therapy response. The use of tumor imaging alone has also proven to be insufficient to interpret response to therapy. To address these limitations, we conducted dual tumor and T-cell imaging by use of a bioluminescent reporter and positron emission tomography in clinically relevant mouse models of pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. We observed that the mode of delivery of T cells (systemic versus regional), T-cell activation status (presence or absence of antigen-expressing tumor), and tumor-antigen expression heterogeneity influence T-cell kinetics. The observations from our study underscore the need to identify and develop a T-cell reporter—in addition to standard parameters of tumor imaging and antitumor efficacy—that can be used for repeat imaging without compromising the efficacy of CAR T cells in vivo.
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Nobashi TW, Mayer AT, Xiao Z, Chan CT, Chaney AM, James ML, Gambhir SS. Whole-body PET Imaging of T-cell Response to Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:6445-6456. [PMID: 34548318 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunotherapy is a promising approach for many oncological malignancies, including glioblastoma, however, there are currently no available tools or biomarkers to accurately assess whole-body immune responses in patients with glioblastoma treated with immunotherapy. Here, the utility of OX40, a costimulatory molecule mainly expressed on activated effector T cells known to play an important role in eliminating cancer cells, was evaluated as a PET imaging biomarker to quantify and track response to immunotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A subcutaneous vaccination approach of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, OX40 mAb, and tumor lysate at a remote site in a murine orthotopic glioma model was developed to induce activation of T cells distantly while monitoring their distribution in stimulated lymphoid organs with respect to observed therapeutic effects. To detect OX40-positive T cells, we utilized our in-house-developed 89Zr-DFO-OX40 mAb and in vivo PET/CT imaging. RESULTS ImmunoPET with 89Zr-DFO-OX40 mAb revealed strong OX40-positive responses with high specificity, not only in the nearest lymph node from vaccinated area (mean, 20.8%ID/cc) but also in the spleen (16.7%ID/cc) and the tumor draining lymph node (11.4%ID/cc). When the tumor was small (<106 p/sec/cm2/sr in bioluminescence imaging), a high number of responders and percentage shrinkage in tumor signal was indicated after only a single cycle of vaccination. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the promise of clinically translating cancer vaccination as a potential glioma therapy, as well as the benefits of monitoring efficacy of these treatments using immunoPET imaging of T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi W Nobashi
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
| | - Aaron T Mayer
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California. .,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Bio-X Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Zunyu Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Carmel T Chan
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Aisling M Chaney
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Michelle L James
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Bio-X Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Canary Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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43
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Iyalomhe O, Farwell MD. Immune PET Imaging. Radiol Clin North Am 2021; 59:875-886. [PMID: 34392924 PMCID: PMC8371717 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT is sensitive to metabolic, immune-related, and structural changes that can occur in tumors in cancer immunotherapy. Unique mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) occasionally make response evaluation challenging, because tumors and inflammatory changes are both FDG avid. These response patterns and sequelae of ICI immunotherapy, such as immune-related adverse events, are discussed. Immune-specific PET imaging probes at preclinical stage or in early clinical trials, which may help guide clinical management of cancer patients treated with immunotherapy and likely have applications outside of oncology for other diseases in which the immune system plays a role, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osigbemhe Iyalomhe
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael D. Farwell
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Lechermann LM, Lau D, Attili B, Aloj L, Gallagher FA. In Vivo Cell Tracking Using PET: Opportunities and Challenges for Clinical Translation in Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4042. [PMID: 34439195 PMCID: PMC8392745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a rapidly evolving field involving a wide spectrum of therapeutic cells for personalised medicine in cancer. In vivo imaging and tracking of cells can provide useful information for improving the accuracy, efficacy, and safety of cell therapies. This review focuses on radiopharmaceuticals for the non-invasive detection and tracking of therapeutic cells using positron emission tomography (PET). A range of approaches for imaging therapeutic cells is discussed: Direct ex vivo labelling of cells, in vivo indirect labelling of cells by utilising gene reporters, and detection of specific antigens expressed on the target cells using antibody-based radiopharmaceuticals (immuno-PET). This review examines the evaluation of PET imaging methods for therapeutic cell tracking in preclinical cancer models, their role in the translation into patients, first-in-human studies, as well as the translational challenges involved and how they can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Lechermann
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (B.A.); (L.A.); (F.A.G.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Doreen Lau
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (B.A.); (L.A.); (F.A.G.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Bala Attili
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (B.A.); (L.A.); (F.A.G.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Luigi Aloj
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (B.A.); (L.A.); (F.A.G.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ferdia A. Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (B.A.); (L.A.); (F.A.G.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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45
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Liu H, Lu C, Han L, Zhang X, Song G. Optical – Magnetic probe for evaluating cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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46
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Hirai T, Mayer AT, Nobashi TW, Lin PY, Xiao Z, Udagawa T, Seo K, Simonetta F, Baker J, Cheng AG, Negrin RS, Gambhir SS. Imaging alloreactive T cells provides early warning of organ transplant rejection. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e145360. [PMID: 34236044 PMCID: PMC8410037 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of organ transplant rejection relies upon biopsy approaches to confirm alloreactive T cell infiltration in the graft. Immune molecular monitoring is under investigation to screen for rejection, though these techniques have suffered from low specificity and lack of spatial information. ImmunoPET utilizing antibodies conjugated to radioisotopes has the potential to improve early and accurate detection of graft rejection. ImmunoPET is capable of noninvasively visualizing the dynamic distribution of cells expressing specific immune markers in the entire body over time. In this work, we identify and characterize OX40 as a surrogate biomarker for alloreactive T cells in organ transplant rejection and monitor its expression by utilizing immunoPET. In a dual murine heart transplant model that has both syngeneic and allogeneic hearts engrafted in bilateral ear pinna on the recipients, OX40 immunoPET clearly depicted alloreactive T cells in the allograft and draining lymph node that were not observed in their respective isograft counterparts. OX40 immunoPET signals also reflected the subject’s immunosuppression level with tacrolimus in this study. OX40 immunoPET is a promising approach that may bridge molecular monitoring and morphological assessment for improved transplant rejection diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihito Hirai
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aaron T Mayer
- Department of Bioengineering.,Department of Radiology.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, and.,BioX Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Po-Yu Lin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zunyu Xiao
- Department of Radiology.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, and.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | | | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Robert S Negrin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Bioengineering.,Department of Radiology.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, and.,BioX Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and.,Canary Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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47
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Monitoring CD8a + T Cell Responses to Radiotherapy and CTLA-4 Blockade Using [ 64Cu]NOTA-CD8a PET Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:1021-1030. [PMID: 32086762 PMCID: PMC7343759 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Current response assessment systems for cancer patients receiving immunotherapy are limited. This is due to the associated inflammatory response that may confound the conventional morphological response evaluation criteria in solid tumors and metabolic positron emission tomography (PET) response criteria in solid. Recently, novel PET imaging techniques using radiolabeled antibodies and fragments have emerged as a particularly sensitive and specific modality for quantitative tracking of immune cell dynamics. Therefore, we sought to investigate the utility of Cu-64 labeled F(ab)′2 fragments for in vivo detection of CD8a+ T cells as a prognostic imaging biomarker of response to immunotherapy in an immunocompetent mouse model of colorectal cancer. Procedures [64Cu]NOTA-CD8a was produced by enzymatic digestion of rat-anti-mouse CD8a antibody (clone YTS169.4), purified yielding isolated CD8a-F(ab)′2 fragments and randomly conjugated with the 2-S-(isothiocyanatbenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (p-SCN-Bn-NOTA) chelator. NOTA-CD8a was radiolabeled with Cu-64 and injected into CT26 tumor-bearing mice for longitudinal assessment. To investigate the value of [64Cu]NOTA-CD8a PET imaging for assessment of treatment response, CT26 tumor-bearing mice were subjected to external radiation therapy (XRT) in combination with anti-CTLA-4 therapy. Imaging data was supported by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results Combination treatment with XRT and anti-CTLA-4 effectively inhibited tumor growth until day 22 post-therapy initiation (p = 0.0025) and increased the overall survival of mice compared to control (p = 0.0017). The [64Cu]NOTA-CD8a tumor-to-heart ratio was increased in XRT + anti-CTLA-4-treated mice on day 8 after initiation of therapy (p = 0.0246). Flow cytometry and IHC confirmed the increase in tumor-infiltrating CD8a+ cells in XRT + anti-CTLA-4-treated mice. Furthermore, [64Cu]NOTA-CD8a PET imaging distinguished responders and non-responders prior to treatment-induced changes in tumor volume among mice. Conclusion In the present study, we demonstrated that [64Cu]NOTA-CD8a was able to detect treatment-induced changes in CD8a+ infiltration in murine CT26 colon tumors following a common preclinical combination treatment protocol. Overall, [64Cu]NOTA-CD8a exhibited good prognostic and predictive value. We suggest that [64Cu]NOTA-CD8a PET imaging can be used as an early biomarker of response to therapy in preclinical models.
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48
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Xie L, Hu K, Duo Y, Shimokawa T, Kumata K, Zhang Y, Jiang C, Zhang L, Nengaki N, Wakizaka H, Cao Y, Zhang MR. Off-tumor IDO1 target engagements determine the cancer-immune set point and predict the immunotherapeutic efficacy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002616. [PMID: 34148865 PMCID: PMC8237741 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been intensively pursued as a therapeutic target to reverse the immunosuppressive cancer-immune milieu and promote tumor elimination. However, recent failures of phase III clinical trials with IDO1 inhibitors involved in cancer immunotherapies highlight the urgent need to develop appropriate methods for tracking IDO1 when the cancer-immune milieu is therapeutically modified. Methods We utilized a small-molecule radiotracer, 11C-l-1MTrp, to quantitatively and longitudinally visualize whole-body IDO1 dynamics. Specifically, we first assessed 11C-l-1MTrp in mice-bearing contralateral human tumors with distinct IDO1 expression patterns. Then, we applied 11C-l-1MTrp to longitudinally monitor whole-body IDO1 variations in immunocompetent melanoma-bearing mice treated with 1-methyl-l-tryptophan plus either chemotherapeutic drugs or antibodies targeting programmedcell death 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4. Results 11C-l-1MTrp positron emission tomography (PET) imaging accurately delineated IDO1 expression in xenograft mouse models. Moreover, we were able to visualize dynamic IDO1 regulation in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), an off-tumor IDO1 target, where the percentage uptake of 11C-l-1MTrp accurately annotated the therapeutic efficacy of multiple combination immunotherapies in preclinical models. Remarkably, 11C-l-1MTrp signal intensity in the MLNs was inversely related to the specific growth rates of treated tumors, suggesting that IDO1 expression in the MLNs can serve as a new biomarker of the cancer-immune set point. Conclusions PET imaging of IDO1 with 11C-l-1MTrp is a robust method to assess the therapeutic efficacy of multiple combinatorial immunotherapies, improving our understanding of the merit and challenges of IDO1 regimens. Further validation of this animal data in humans is ongoing. We envision that our results will provide a potential precision medicine paradigm for noninvasive visualizing each patient’s individual response in combinatorial cancer immunotherapy, and tailoring optimal personalized combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kuan Hu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yanhong Duo
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Takashi Shimokawa
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuki Nengaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Wakizaka
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Bouleau A, Lebon V, Truillet C. PET imaging of immune checkpoint proteins in oncology. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 222:107786. [PMID: 33307142 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable clinical successes of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in various advanced cancers, response is still limited to a subset of patients that generally exhibit tumoral expression of immune checkpoint (IC) proteins. Development of biomarkers assessing the expression of such ICs is therefore a major challenge nowadays to refine patient selection and improve therapeutic benefits. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using IC-targeted radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (immunoPET) provides a non-invasive and whole-body visualization of in vivo IC biodistribution. As such, PET imaging of ICs may serve as a robust biomarker to predict and monitor responses to ICIs, complementing the existing immunohistochemical techniques. Besides monoclonal antibodies, other PET radioligand formats, ranging from antibody-derived fragments to small proteins, have gained increasing interest owing to their faster pharmacokinetics and enhanced imaging characteristics. We provide an overview of the various strategies investigated so far for PET imaging of ICs in preclinical and clinical studies, emphasizing their benefits and limitations. Moreover, we discuss various parameters to consider for designing optimized and best-suited PET radioligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizée Bouleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 ORSAY, France
| | - Vincent Lebon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 ORSAY, France
| | - Charles Truillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 ORSAY, France.
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50
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Levi J, Goth S, Huynh L, Lam T, Huynh TL, Schulte B, Packiasamy JA. 18F-AraG PET for CD8 Profiling of Tumors and Assessment of Immunomodulation by Chemotherapy. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:802-807. [PMID: 33158906 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.249078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most clinical trials exploring various combinations of chemo- and immunotherapy rely on serial biopsy to provide information on immune response. The aim of this study was to assess the value of 18F-arabinosyl guanine (18F-AraG) as a noninvasive tool that profiles tumors on the basis of the key player in adaptive antitumor response, CD8+ cells, and evaluates the immunomodulatory effects of chemotherapy. Methods: To evaluate the ability of 18F-AraG to report on the presence of CD8+ cells within the tumor microenvironment, we imaged a panel of syngeneic tumor models (MC38, CT26, LLC, A9F1, 4T1, and B16F10) and correlated the signal intensity with the number of lymphocytes found in the tumors. The capacity of 18F-AraG to detect immunomodulatory effects of chemotherapy was determined by longitudinal imaging of tumor-bearing mice (MC38 and A9F1) undergoing 2 types of chemotherapy: oxaliplatin/cyclophosphamide, shown to induce immunogenic cell death, and paclitaxel/carboplatin, reported to cause immunogenically silent tumor cell death. Results: In the tumor panel, 18F-AraG revealed strikingly different uptake patterns resembling cancer-immune phenotypes observed in the clinic. A statistically significant correlation was found between the 18F-AraG signal and the number of PD-1-positive CD8+ cells isolated from the tumors (r 2 = 0.528, P < 0.0001). In the MC38 model, paclitaxel/carboplatin did not result in an appreciable change in signal after therapy (1.69 ± 0.25 vs. 1.50 ± 0.33 percentage injected dose per gram), but oxaliplatin/cyclophosphamide treatment led to close to a 2.4-fold higher 18F-AraG signal (1.20 ± 0.31 vs. 2.84 ± 0.93 percentage injected dose per gram). The statistically significant increase in signal after oxaliplatin/cyclophosphamide was also observed in the A9F1 model (0.95 ± 0.36 vs. 1.99 ± 0.54 percentage injected dose per gram). Conclusion: The ability of 18F-AraG PET to assess the location and function of CD8+ cells, as well immune activity within tumors after immune priming therapy, warrants further investigation into its utility for patient selection, evaluation of optimal time to deliver immunotherapies, and assessment of combinatorial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Levi
- CellSight Technologies Incorporated, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Samuel Goth
- CellSight Technologies Incorporated, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Lyna Huynh
- CellSight Technologies Incorporated, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Tina Lam
- CellSight Technologies Incorporated, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Tony L Huynh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Brailee Schulte
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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