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Cavusoglu B, Ozer Gokaslan Ç, Cavusoglu D. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging differences between complex febrile seizure and recurrent simple febrile seizure. Brain Dev 2024; 46:35-43. [PMID: 37813784 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the volumetric differences in cortical and subcortical structures between patients with complex febrile seizure (FS) and recurrent simple FS. We aimed to identify the brain morphological patterns of children with complex FS. METHODS Twenty-five patients with complex FS and age- and sex-matched 25 patients with recurrent simple FS with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were studied. Cortical volumetric analysis was performed using a voxel-based morphometry method with the CAT12 toolbox within SPM12. FSL-FIRST was used to obtain volume measures of subcortical deep grey matter structures (amygdala, caudate nucleus, thalamus, nucleus accumbens, putamen, globus pallidus, and hippocampus). The volumetric asymmetry index (AI) and laterality index (LI) were calculated for each subcortical structure. RESULTS Compared with recurrent simple FS, complex FS demonstrated lower volume in the left putamen (p = .003) and right nucleus accumbens (p = .001). Additionally, patients with complex FS presented a higher magnitude of AI of the nucleus accumbens (p < .001) compared with recurrent simple FS. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that volumetric analysis may be a useful marker for the detection of FS-induced changes that reflect microstructural alterations. This study is the first to report on alterations in the putamen and nucleus accumbens in FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Cavusoglu
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Çigdem Ozer Gokaslan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyon, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Cavusoglu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyon, Turkey.
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Ito M, Adachi N, Okazaki M, Hara K, Adachi T, Matsubara R, Sekimoto M, Kato M, Onuma T. Quantitative psychopathology of interictal psychosis in epilepsy; interaction between epilepsy-related and psychosis-general effects. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 123:108214. [PMID: 34375801 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a historical debate whether psychopathology of epilepsy psychosis is unique to epilepsy or common to other psychoses. However, a large comprehensive studies on this issue are scarce. To clarify the characteristics of interictal psychosis (IIP), we evaluated psychopathology quantitatively. METHODS This study included 150 patients with IIP (epilepsy+/psychosis+), 187 patients with schizophrenia (SC: epilepsy-/psychosis+), 182 patients with epilepsy (EP: epilepsy+/psychosis-), and 172 non-clinical individuals (NC: epilepsy-/psychosis-). The IIP group comprised 127 chronic and 23 brief psychoses. Age, sex, and years of education, onset and duration of psychosis, and onset and duration of epilepsy were matched among the groups. The psychopathology was evaluated using the 16-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), which comprises three symptom factors namely negative symptoms (NS), positive symptoms (PS), and anxiety-depressive symptoms (ADS). RESULTS For overall 16-BPRS and NS factor scores, there were significant interactions between epilepsy-related (epilepsy+/-) and psychosis-general (psychosis+/-) effects. The EP exhibited higher scores than did the NC, whereas the IIP exhibited lower scores than did the SC. For PS and ADS factor scores, the IIP and SC exhibited a significant psychosis-general effect. Chronic IIP was associated with more serious psychopathologies than was brief IIP. However, limited with chronic IIP, there was a significant interaction between epilepsy-related and psychosis-general effects on the overall 16-BPRS and NS factor scores. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the first large quantitative evidence on the unique psychopathology of IIP which has been only narratively described. The psychopathology is associated with the interaction between epilepsy-related and psychosis-general effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Ito
- Jozen Clinic, Sapporo, Japan; National Centre Hospital, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Naoto Adachi
- Jozen Clinic, Sapporo, Japan; Adachi Mental Clinic, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Mitsutoshi Okazaki
- National Centre Hospital, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Masanori Sekimoto
- National Centre Hospital, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Musashino Kokubunji Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kato
- National Centre Hospital, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Musashino Kokubunji Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teiichi Onuma
- National Centre Hospital, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan; Musashino Kokubunji Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Chauvière L. Potential causes of cognitive alterations in temporal lobe epilepsy. Behav Brain Res 2020; 378:112310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Li CX, Kempf DJ, Tong FC, Yan Y, Xu Z, Connor-Stroud FR, Ford BD, Howell LL, Zhang X. Longitudinal MRI Evaluation of Ischemic Stroke in the Basal Ganglia of a Rhesus Macaque ( Macaca mulatta) with Seizures. Comp Med 2018; 68:496-502. [PMID: 30486918 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An adult rhesus macaque developed seizures after the induction of ischemic stroke. Initially, on the day of surgery, a focal ischemic lesion was present exclusively in the right caudate nucleus. By 48 h after stroke induction, the lesion had extended into the putamen, when a seizure was observed. Our report highlights the temporal changes in infarction of unilateral basal ganglia after acute stroke and the accompanying clinical symptoms. This unusual case may provide additional information regarding the involvement of the basal ganglia in seizures, given that prior case reports and studies usually have not described the temporal and spatial evolution of the lesion before clinical symptoms emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Li
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Doty J Kempf
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Frank C Tong
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yumei Yan
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhengfeng Xu
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fawn R Connor-Stroud
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Byron D Ford
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; University of California-Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Leonard L Howell
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; University of California-Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Abstract
In the DSM5, negative symptoms are 1 of the 5 core dimensions of psychopathology evaluated for schizophrenia. However, negative symptoms are not pathognomonic-they are also part of the diagnostic criteria for other schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, disorders that sometimes have comorbid psychosis, diagnoses not in the schizophrenia-spectrum, and the general "nonclinical" population. Although etiological models of negative symptoms have been developed for chronic schizophrenia, there has been little attention given to whether these models have transdiagnostic applicability. In the current review, we examine areas of commonality and divergence in the clinical presentation and etiology of negative symptoms across diagnostic categories. It was concluded that negative symptoms are relatively frequent across diagnostic categories, but individual disorders may differ in whether their negative symptoms are persistent/transient or primary/secondary. Evidence for separate dimensions of volitional and expressive symptoms exists, and there may be multiple mechanistic pathways to the same symptom phenomenon among DSM-5 disorders within and outside the schizophrenia-spectrum (ie, equifinality). Evidence for a novel transdiagnostic etiological model is presented based on the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) constructs, which proposes the existence of 2 such pathways-a hedonic pathway and a cognitive pathway-that can both lead to expressive or volitional symptoms. To facilitate treatment breakthroughs, future transdiagnostic studies on negative symptoms are warranted that explore mechanisms underlying volitional and expressive pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Strauss
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Alex S Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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Foussias G, Agid O, Fervaha G, Remington G. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia: clinical features, relevance to real world functioning and specificity versus other CNS disorders. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:693-709. [PMID: 24275699 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Negative symptoms have long been recognized as a central feature of the phenomenology of schizophrenia, dating back to the early descriptions by Kraepelin and Bleuler. Over the ensuing century, there have been important clarifications and reconceptualizations regarding the phenomenology of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. This review explores these developments, including the delineation of two underlying subdomains of negative symptoms - amotivation (i.e., avolition/apathy and asociality) and diminished expression (i.e., poverty of speech and affective flattening). Further, advances in our understanding of specific motivational and hedonic deficits seen in schizophrenia are explored. The findings that negative symptoms stand apart from depressive and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia are also discussed. In terms of the predictors of functional outcomes in schizophrenia, we explore both the direct role of negative symptoms in this regard, as well as their indirect role through cognition. We then broaden our examination of negative symptoms to related disorders across the schizophrenia spectrum, as well as to other neuropsychiatric illnesses, where negative symptoms have been increasingly recognized. We explore the differential characteristics of negative symptoms across these illnesses, and their relevance to functional outcomes. This transdiagnostic presence and relevance of negative symptoms highlights the need for continued exploration of their phenomenology and neurobiology as we move to develop effective interventions to address these debilitating symptoms and improve functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Foussias
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
| | - Ofer Agid
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Gagan Fervaha
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Gary Remington
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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Li MM, Jiang T, Sun Z, Zhang Q, Tan CC, Yu JT, Tan L. Genome-wide microRNA expression profiles in hippocampus of rats with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4734. [PMID: 24751812 PMCID: PMC3994440 DOI: 10.1038/srep04734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression and functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most common type of refractory epilepsy in adults, are poorly understood currently. In this study, status epilepticus evoked by amygdala stimulation was used to establish rat chronic TLE model. Two months later, high-throughput sequencing was employed to investigate miRNA expression profile in rat hippocampus, and six miRNAs were confirmed to be differentially expressed. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis indicated that most of the target genes for these six miRNAs were associated with neuronal apoptosis. Meanwhile, the levels of miR-423-3p and miR-296-5p were correlated with the activity of caspase-3, an apoptosis indicator. Additionally, the loading of miR-423-3p was increased in RNA-induced silencing complex whilst caspase-6, a target of miR-423-3p, was reduced in chronic TLE rats. Collectively, our findings suggest that miRNAs may exert anti-apoptotic effects in chronic TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Li
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Taishan Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen-Chen Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Taishan Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Taishan Medical University, Qingdao, China
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8
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Do the basal ganglia inhibit seizure activity in temporal lobe epilepsy? Epilepsy Behav 2012; 25:56-9. [PMID: 22835431 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.04.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence in the literature that the basal ganglia (BG), namely the striatum and pallidum, are involved in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The BG are probably not involved in elaborating clinical seizures, as they do not produce specific epileptiform activity and there is no evident change in the electrical activity in the BG immediately after seizure onset. The data we obtained by direct ictal recording in the BG [1,2], as well as a large body of experimental and clinical evidence reported by other groups, suggest an inhibitory role of the BG during temporal lobe seizures. The BG may have a remote influence on cortical oscillatory processes related to control of epileptic seizures via their feedback pathways to the cortex.
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Lin JJ, Riley JD, Hsu DA, Stafstrom CE, Dabbs K, Becker T, Seidenberg M, Hermann BP. Striatal hypertrophy and its cognitive effects in new-onset benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsia 2012; 53:677-85. [PMID: 22360313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS), the most common childhood epilepsy syndrome, is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a genetic influence. Despite its signature electroencephalographic pattern and distinct focal motor seizure semiology, little is known about the underlying brain anatomic alteration and the corresponding cognitive consequences. Given the motor manifestations of seizures in BECTS, we hypothesize that anatomic networks in BECTS involve a distributed corticostriatal circuit. METHODS We investigated volumetric differences and shape deformities of caudate, putamen, pallidum, and thalamus in a group of children with new- and recent-onset BECTS (N = 3) compared to healthy controls (N = 54). We correlated specific subcortical volumes in BECTS that were significantly different from those in healthy controls with performances in executive function. KEY FINDINGS Children with BECTS demonstrated significantly hypertrophied putamen, which was selective among the subcortical regions examined. Shape analysis showed dorsoventral elongation of the left caudate and bilateral putamen, with subnuclei expansion in ventral and dorsal striatum. Larger putamen volumes were linked to better cognitive performances on two complementary executive function tests. SIGNIFICANCE Children with BECTS showed aberrant volume and shape in subcortical regions that are critical for both motor processing and executive function. It is of importance to note that the hypertrophy appears to be cognitively adaptive, as enlargement was associated with improved cognitive performances. The anatomic abnormalities and their cognitive effects are evident in a group of children with new- and recent-onset epilepsy, suggesting that the structural brain anomalies occurred before the diagnosis of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
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10
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Bell B, Lin JJ, Seidenberg M, Hermann B. The neurobiology of cognitive disorders in temporal lobe epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol 2011; 7:154-64. [PMID: 21304484 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2011.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment, particularly memory disruption, is a major complicating feature of epilepsy. This Review will begin with a focus on the problem of memory impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We present a brief overview of anatomical substrates of memory disorders in TLE, followed by a discussion of how our understanding of these disorders has been improved by studying the outcomes of anterior temporal lobectomy. The clinical efforts made to predict which patients are at greatest risk of experiencing adverse cognitive outcomes following epilepsy surgery are also considered. Finally, we examine the vastly changing view of TLE, including findings demonstrating that anatomical abnormalities extend far outside the temporal lobe, and that cognitive impairments extend beyond memory function. Linkage between these distributed cognitive and anatomical abnormalities point to a new understanding of the anatomical architecture of cognitive impairment in epilepsy. Clarifying the origin of these cognitive and anatomical abnormalities, their progression over time and, most importantly, methods for protecting cognitive and brain health in epilepsy, present a challenge to neurologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bell
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 North Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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Hermann BP, Lin JJ, Jones JE, Seidenberg M. The emerging architecture of neuropsychological impairment in epilepsy. Neurol Clin 2009; 27:881-907. [PMID: 19853214 PMCID: PMC2811050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new literature is now under way, one linking cognitive abnormalities directly to indices of structural, functional, metabolic, and other neurobiologic markers of cerebral integrity, independent of their association with clinical epilepsy characteristics. These trends are reviewed in this article. The focus is on temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) as a model with which to address the core points because this form of localization-related epilepsy has been very carefully studied from both a cognitive and imaging standpoint. Some pertinent historical issues are touched on first, followed by more detailed reviews of the cognitive and neuroimaging abnormalities that have been found in TLE, followed by an overview of studies examining direct structure-function relationships in TLE and other epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce P Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 North Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| | - Jack J Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jana E Jones
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 North Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Michael Seidenberg
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin School of Medicine and Science, 3333 N. Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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