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Stefano T, Alberto E, William M, Giulia B, Louise SM, Chiara T, Carlo A, Giovanni M. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Improves Fatty Acids Profile in Pediatric Patients with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114110. [PMID: 34836363 PMCID: PMC8625245 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid profiles of patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) are different from that of healthy controls, even during remission, revealing an increase of the pro-inflammatory omega 6 series. It is still unknown whether the concomitance of nephrotic syndrome affects the potential positive effects of the Mediterranean diet on the levels of omega 3 and 6 fatty acids. We performed a cross-sectional study to evaluate the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and fatty acid profile in 54 children with INS. The dietary habits were assessed through the validated Kidmed questionnaire. Patients with higher adherence had lower levels of linoleic acid and total omega-6. Moreover, a negative correlation between proteinuria and the anti-inflammatory omega-3 series was found. In conclusion, patients with INS with proteinuria and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet have an imbalance in the omega-6/omega-3 ratio that may benefit from following the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turolo Stefano
- Pediatric Nephrology Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.A.); (M.W.); (B.G.); (T.C.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Edefonti Alberto
- Pediatric Nephrology Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.A.); (M.W.); (B.G.); (T.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Morello William
- Pediatric Nephrology Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.A.); (M.W.); (B.G.); (T.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Bolzan Giulia
- Pediatric Nephrology Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.A.); (M.W.); (B.G.); (T.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Syren M. Louise
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.M.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Tamburello Chiara
- Pediatric Nephrology Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.A.); (M.W.); (B.G.); (T.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Agostoni Carlo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.M.L.); (A.C.)
- Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Montini Giovanni
- Pediatric Nephrology Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.A.); (M.W.); (B.G.); (T.C.); (M.G.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.M.L.); (A.C.)
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Nergiz-Unal R, Ulug E, Kisioglu B, Tamer F, Bodur M, Yalcimin H, Yuruk AA. Hepatic cholesterol synthesis and lipoprotein levels impaired by dietary fructose and saturated fatty acids in mice: Insight on PCSK9 and CD36. Nutrition 2020; 79-80:110954. [PMID: 32862122 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the uncertain effects of high saturated fatty acids (SFAs) or fructose intake on cholesterol and lipoproteins with an insight of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)- and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36)-induced mechanisms. METHODS Forty male C57 BL/6 mice (8 wks of age) were divided into four groups and fed ad libitum with standard chow or three isocaloric diets containing high SFAs (SFA group), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA group, vehicle), or fructose for 15 wks. Subsequently, mice were sacrificed and blood, liver, and heart were collected for further analysis. RESULTS Consequently, fructose or SFA intake resulted in higher plasma and liver total cholesterol (TC) levels, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo)-B levels, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios, and lower plasma levels of HDL-C and Apo-A1 (P < 0.05). Levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 enzymes in liver and CD36 levels in plasma were elevated by high SFAs and fructose intake (P < 0.05), whereas plasma PCSK9 levels were not significantly changed. Fructose and SFA intake increased PCSK9 and CD36 levels in the heart, along with increased CD36 levels in the liver (P < 0.05). Furthermore, plasma LDL-C was found to be positively correlated with liver PCSK9 (r = 0.85, P = 0.02), and CD36 (r = 0.70, P = 0.02) in the SFA and fructose groups. CONCLUSION High intakes of dietary SFAs and fructose might induce dysregulations in the cholesterol synthesis and blood lipoprotein levels via proposed nutrient-sensitive biomarkers PCSK9 and CD36 in liver and extrahepatic tissues involved in cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhan Nergiz-Unal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Elif Ulug
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betul Kisioglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Funda Tamer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Bodur
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hacer Yalcimin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Armagan Aytug Yuruk
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
Currently, the prevention and treatment of CVD have been a global focus since CVD is the number one cause of mortality and morbidity. In the pathogenesis of CVD, it was generally thought that impaired cholesterol homeostasis might be a risk factor. Cholesterol homeostasis is affected by exogenous factors (i.e. diet) and endogenous factors (i.e. certain receptors, enzymes and transcription factors). In this context, the number of studies investigating the potential mechanisms of dietary fatty acids on cholesterol homeostasis have increased in recent years. As well, the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) receptor is a multifunctional membrane receptor involved in fatty acid uptake, lipid metabolism, atherothrombosis and inflammation. CD36 is proposed to be a crucial molecule for cholesterol homeostasis in various mechanisms including absorption/reabsorption, synthesis, and transport of cholesterol and bile acids. Moreover, it has been reported that the amount of fatty acids and fatty acid pattern of the diet influence the CD36 level and CD36-mediated cholesterol metabolism principally in the liver, intestine and macrophages. In these processes, CD36-mediated cholesterol and lipoprotein homeostasis might be impaired by dietary SFA and trans-fatty acids, whereas ameliorated by MUFA in the diet. The effects of PUFA on CD36-mediated cholesterol homeostasis are controversial depending on the amount of n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA, and the n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio. Thus, since the CD36 receptor is suggested to be a novel nutrient-sensitive biomarker, the role of CD36 and dietary fatty acids in cholesterol metabolism might be considered in medical nutrition therapy in the near future. Therefore, the novel nutritional target of CD36 and interventions that focus on dietary fatty acids and potential mechanisms underlying cholesterol homeostasis are discussed in this review.
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Lopes LL, Rocha DMUP, Silva AD, Peluzio MDCG, Bressan J, Hermsdorff HHM. Postprandial Lipid Response to High-Saturated and High-Monounsaturated Fat Meals in Normal-Weight or Overweight Women. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 37:308-315. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1399835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lílian L. Lopes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra da Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Macadamia oil supplementation attenuates inflammation and adipocyte hypertrophy in obese mice. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:870634. [PMID: 25332517 PMCID: PMC4190113 DOI: 10.1155/2014/870634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess of saturated fatty acids in the diet has been associated with obesity, leading to systemic disruption of insulin signaling, glucose intolerance, and inflammation. Macadamia oil administration has been shown to improve lipid profile in humans. We evaluated the effect of macadamia oil supplementation on insulin sensitivity, inflammation, lipid profile, and adipocyte size in high-fat diet (HF) induced obesity in mice. C57BL/6 male mice (8 weeks) were divided into four groups: (a) control diet (CD), (b) HF, (c) CD supplemented with macadamia oil by gavage at 2 g/Kg of body weight, three times per week, for 12 weeks (CD + MO), and (d) HF diet supplemented with macadamia oil (HF + MO). CD and HF mice were supplemented with water. HF mice showed hypercholesterolemia and decreased insulin sensitivity as also previously shown. HF induced inflammation in adipose tissue and peritoneal macrophages, as well as adipocyte hypertrophy. Macadamia oil supplementation attenuated hypertrophy of adipocytes and inflammation in the adipose tissue and macrophages.
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Moschonas DP, Piperi C, Korkolopoulou P, Levidou G, Kavantzas N, Trigka EA, Vlachos I, Arapostathi C, Perrea D, Mitropoulos D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Papavassiliou AG. Impact of diet-induced obesity in male mouse reproductive system: The role of advanced glycation end product-receptor for advanced glycation end product axis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:937-947. [PMID: 24872429 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214531899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a route to broad physiological dysfunction affecting major organs including male urogenital system. Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and oxidative stress associated with obesity augment the formation of reactive metabolic by-products, namely advanced glycation end products (AGEs), leading to increased tissue deposition and damage. The exogenous intake and the endogenous accumulation of AGEs contribute to metabolic and reproductive abnormalities in both women and men. The present study assessed the effects of a diet high in saturated fatty acids (SAFA) on the lipid and metabolic profile (AGE levels, oxidative stress) as well as pathogenic (AGE, receptor for AGEs [RAGE] expression, apoptosis) and morphometric parameters of male reproductive system in vivo. Effects of switching to a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) or equal in the proportion MUFA to SAFA were further investigated. SAFA-fed animals were characterized by increased serum lipid concentrations (p < .05) compared to controls, but AGEs and peroxide levels were not significantly different across the different experimental groups. Elevated AGE deposition was detected for the first time in germ cells with a higher staining intensity in animals on the SAFA diet, compared to MUFA or MUFA-SAFA-fed animals or the control samples (p = .018). In Leydig cells, AGE localization was higher in the entire cohort of high-fat-fed animals compared to controls (p < .05). High-fat-fed mice displayed enhanced apoptosis compared to controls (p < .005). Furthermore, prostatic tissue demonstrated reduction in epithelial folding, an effect which was significantly reversed after MUFA diet administration. Our findings provide the basis for further investigation of AGE-RAGE axis in testicular and prostatic disturbances associated with diet-induced obesity. Simple dietetic intervention has beneficial effects on metabolic dysfunction of reproductive system before overt manifestations, indicating glycation as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios P Moschonas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | | | - Georgia Levidou
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kavantzas
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Eleni-Andriana Trigka
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vlachos
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Christina Arapostathi
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Despina Perrea
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | | | - Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
- Endocrine Unit, Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
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Pranprawit A, Wolber FM, Heyes JA, Molan AL, Kruger MC. Short-term and long-term effects of excessive consumption of saturated fats and/or sucrose on metabolic variables in Sprague Dawley rats: a pilot study. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:3191-3197. [PMID: 23712415 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feeding high-fat and/or high-sugar diets to rats leads to a change in markers of metabolic syndrome. However, types and amounts of fat and sugar as well as the length of the experiment for establishing diet-induced metabolic syndrome in the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model remain uncertain. This study was designed to investigate the effects in SD rats of consuming excess lard, sucrose or a combination of lard and sucrose for a short (4 week) or long (8 week) period of time. RESULTS Consumption of the high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) diet significantly increased weight gain and abdominal fat weights (P < 0.05), and the rats also began to develop signs of impaired glucose tolerance and had increased fasting blood lipids glucose and insulin concentrations. The high-fat (HF) diet mainly affected weight gain and fat deposition, whereas the high-sugar (HS) diet induced glucose intolerance but not the obesity-related parameters. Control rats showed a tendency towards insulin resistance and glucose intolerance when fed for a long-term period. CONCLUSION The lard plus sucrose-based HFHS diet is the most efficient one for inducing signs of metabolic syndrome, and SD rats fed this diet for 8 weeks successfully develop obesity and insulin resistance, which can be used as a model for metabolic syndrome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araya Pranprawit
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Cardiol 2012; 27:441-54. [PMID: 22678411 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0b013e3283558773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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