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Ulep TH, Zenhausern R, Gonzales A, Knoff DS, Lengerke Diaz PA, Castro JE, Yoon JY. Smartphone based on-chip fluorescence imaging and capillary flow velocity measurement for detecting ROR1+ cancer cells from buffy coat blood samples on dual-layer paper microfluidic chip. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 153:112042. [PMID: 32056660 PMCID: PMC7047888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of hematological cancer requires complete white blood cell count, followed by flow cytometry with multiple markers, and cytology. It requires substantial time and specialized training. A dual-layer paper microfluidic chip was developed as a quicker, low-cost, and field-deployable alternative to detect ROR1+ (receptor tyrosine-like orphan receptor one) cancer cells from the undiluted and untreated buffy coat blood samples. The first capture layer consisted of a GF/D glass fiber substrate, preloaded with cancer specific anti-ROR1 conjugated fluorescent particles to its center for cancer cell capture and direct smartphone fluorescence imaging. The second flow layer was comprised of a grade 1 cellulose chromatography paper with wax-printed four channels for wicking and capillary flow-based detection. The flow velocity was used as measure of antigen concentration in the buffy coat sample. In this manner, intact cells and their antigens were separated and independently analyzed by both imaging and flow velocity analyses. A custom-made smartphone-based fluorescence microscope and automated image processing and particle counter software were developed to enumerate particles on paper, with the limit of detection of 1 cell/μL. Flow velocity analysis showed even greater sensitivity, with the limit of detection of 0.1 cells/μL in the first 6 s of assay. Comparison with capillary flow model revealed great alignment with experimental data and greater correlation to viscosity than interfacial tension. Our proposed device is able to capture and on-chip image ROR1+ cancer cells within a complex sample matrix (buffy coat) while simultaneously quantifying cell concentration in a point-of-care manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany-Heather Ulep
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Ryan Zenhausern
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Alana Gonzales
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - David S Knoff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | | | - Januario E Castro
- Hematology Oncology Division, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, United States
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States.
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Emamian M, Hasanian SM, Tayefi M, Bijari M, Movahedian Far F, Shafiee M, Avan A, Heidari-Bakavoli A, Moohebati M, Ebrahimi M, Darroudi S, Zamani P, Azarpazhooh MR, Nematy M, Safarian M, Ferns GA, Esmaeili H, Parizadeh MR, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Association of hematocrit with blood pressure and hypertension. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 31. [PMID: 28105697 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension (HTN) is a risk factor for stroke, renal failure, and cardiovascular disease. The association between biochemical and hematological parameters with high blood pressure may provide a more precise approach to risk prediction conferred by HTN in these patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of current study was to explore whether biochemical and hematological parameters are associated with HTN in a cohort study with a 7-year follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 9808 individuals were enrolled and recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorders (MASHAD) cohort study, and biochemical and hematological factors were measured in all subjects. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the association of biochemical and hematological parameters with HTN. RESULTS Several biochemical parameters including fasting plasma glucose (FBG), serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and uric acid were increased in hypertensive participants. In contrast, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower in hypertensive individuals. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hematological parameters including white blood cell (WBC) count, red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were higher in the hypertensive group compared to the control group. But mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and red cell distribution width (RDW), were decreased in the hypertensive group. Furthermore, our results strongly suggested that among these parameters, hematocrit was the independent risk factor for hypertension in the population. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the association of altered biochemical and hematological factors with hypertension supporting the value of emerging markers for early prediction of high blood pressure in prone individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Emamian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hasanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Tayefi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Health, Management & Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Moniba Bijari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faeze Movahedian Far
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shafiee
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Heidari-Bakavoli
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moohebati
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ebrahimi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sousan Darroudi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvin Zamani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Azarpazhooh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Safarian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - Habibollah Esmaeili
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Health, Management & Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Parizadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Bowles EA, Moody GN, Yeragunta Y, Stephenson AH, Ellsworth ML, Sprague RS. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors augment UT-15C-stimulated ATP release from erythrocytes of humans with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:121-7. [PMID: 25125498 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214547155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both prostacyclin analogs and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are effective treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In addition to direct effects on vascular smooth muscle, prostacyclin analogs increase cAMP levels and ATP release from healthy human erythrocytes. We hypothesized that UT-15C, an orally available form of the prostacyclin analog, treprostinil, would stimulate ATP release from erythrocytes of humans with PAH and that this release would be augmented by PDE5 inhibitors. Erythrocytes were isolated and the effect of UT-15C on cAMP levels and ATP release were measured in the presence and absence of the PDE5 inhibitors, zaprinast or tadalafil. In addition, the ability of a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor to prevent the effects of tadalafil was determined. Erythrocytes of healthy humans and humans with PAH respond to UT-15C with increases in cAMP levels and ATP release. In both groups, UT-15C-induced ATP release was potentiated by zaprinast and tadalafil. The effect of tadalafil was prevented by pre-treatment with an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase in healthy human erythrocytes. Importantly, UT-15C-induced ATP release was greater in PAH erythrocytes than in healthy human erythrocytes in both the presence and the absence of PDE5 inhibitors. The finding that prostacyclin analogs and PDE5 inhibitors work synergistically to enhance release of the potent vasodilator ATP from PAH erythrocytes provides a new rationale for the co-administration of these drugs in this disease. Moreover, these results suggest that the erythrocyte is a novel target for future drug development for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bowles
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Gina N Moody
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Yashaswini Yeragunta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Alan H Stephenson
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Mary L Ellsworth
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Randy S Sprague
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
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Wang Z, Schreier DA, Hacker TA, Chesler NC. Progressive right ventricular functional and structural changes in a mouse model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00184. [PMID: 24744862 PMCID: PMC3970737 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Right ventricle (RV) dysfunction occurs with progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) due to persistently elevated ventricular afterload. A critical knowledge gap is the molecular mechanisms that govern the transition from RV adaptation to RV maladaptation, which leads to failure. Here, we hypothesize that the recently established mouse model of PAH, via hypoxia and SU5416 treatment (HySu), captures that transition from adaptive to maladaptive RV remodeling including impairments in RV function and decreases in the efficiency of RV interactions with the pulmonary vasculature. To test this hypothesis, we exposed C57BL6 male mice to 0 (control), 14, 21, and 28 days of HySu and then obtained synchronized RV pressure and volume measurements in vivo. With increasing HySu exposure duration, arterial afterload increased monotonically, leading to a continuous increase in RV stroke work, RV fibrosis, and RV wall stiffening (P < 0.05). RV contractility increased at 14 days of HySu exposure and then plateaued (P < 0.05). As a result, ventricular–vascular coupling efficiency tended to increase at 14 days and then decrease. Our results suggest that RV remodeling may begin to shift from adaptive to maladaptive with increasing duration of HySu exposure, which would mimic changes in RV function with PAH progression found clinically. However, for the duration of HySu exposure used here, no drop in cardiac output was found. We conclude that the establishment of a mouse model for overt RV failure due to PAH remains an important task. This article describes the progressive changes in mouse right ventricle (RV) structure and function during the pulmonary arterial hypertension development. The findings may shed light on the transition from adaptive to maladaptive RV remodeling, which eventually leads to failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, 53706, Wisconsin
| | - David A Schreier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, 53706, Wisconsin
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, Wisconsin
| | - Naomi C Chesler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, 53706, Wisconsin ; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, Wisconsin
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Karunarathne W, Ku CJ, Spence DM. The dual nature of extracellular ATP as a concentration-dependent platelet P2X1 agonist and antagonist. Integr Biol (Camb) 2009; 1:655-63. [PMID: 20027374 DOI: 10.1039/b909873a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Patient groups subject to higher occurrence of stroke (e.g., people with diabetes, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension) have reduced release of ATP from their erythrocytes (ERYs) when subjected to flow-induced deformation or pharmacological stimuli. These same groups also have platelets that are more adhesive in comparison to controls. Here we show platelet aggregation, and inhibition of that aggregation, is affected by free Ca(2+) entering the platelet through the ATP-gated P2X1 receptor. The addition of ATP (10 microM) increased the platelet NO by 26.7 +/- 7.7%. This value was decreased significantly to below basal levels in the presence of NF 449 (p < 0.001), an inhibitor of the P2X1 receptor on the platelet. Aggregation profiles measured in the presence of ATP revealed that when the P2X1 receptor was blocked, or when the measurements were performed in Ca(2+) free buffer, platelet aggregation was nearly eliminated. Our findings employing standard aggregation measurements suggest that ATP behaves as a platelet inhibitor below 1.6 x 10(-19) moles ATP per platelet; however, above this value, ATP behaves as a platelet activator. These findings suggesting a dual nature of ATP with regard to platelet behavior were confirmed by passing platelets over endothelial cells that were coated in the channels of a microfluidic device. Importantly, it was determined that ERY-derived ATP release was a major determinant of platelet adhesion to the endothelium. These findings may have implications in anti-platelet drug design as most current therapies focus on the inhibition of P2Y-type receptors. Moreover, through the use of microfluidic technologies, we have provided in vitro evidence for a possible relationship between ERY properties and platelet behavior in vivo.
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Sprague RS, Stephenson AH, Ellsworth ML, Keller C, Lonigro AJ. Impaired release of ATP from red blood cells of humans with primary pulmonary hypertension. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2001; 226:434-9. [PMID: 11393171 DOI: 10.1177/153537020122600507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that in the isolated perfused rabbit lung, red blood cells (RBCs) obtained from either rabbits or healthy humans were a required component of the perfusate to unmask evidence of nitric oxide (NO) participation in regulation of the pulmonary circulation. In addition, we found that mechanical deformation of rabbit and healthy human RBCs released ATP, a known agonist for enhanced NO synthesis. In contrast, RBCs obtained from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) did not release ATP in response to mechanical deformation. The coexistence of airway disease and alveolar hypoxia in patients with CF precluded the drawing of conclusions relating a defect in RBC ATP release with the pulmonary hypertension associated with CF. Airway disease and alveolar hypoxia are not, however, features of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), a human condition of unknown etiology. We postulated that a defect in NO generation might contribute to the increased pulmonary vascular resistance in PPH, and as a first step, we hypothesized that RBCs obtained from patients with PPH would not release ATP. In contrast to RBCs of healthy humans, when RBCs of PPH patients were passed through filters (average pore size 12, 8, or 5 microm), ATP was not released and the RBCs exhibited reduced deformability. Moreover, when incubated with the active cAMP analogue, Sp-cAMP (100 microM), an activator of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator, ATP was not released. These results demonstrate that RBCs obtained from patients with PPH fail to release ATP whether the stimulus is mechanical or pharmacological. Thus, failure of RBCs to release ATP in patients with PPH might be a major pathogenetic factor that accounts for the heretofore unknown etiology of their pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Sprague
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri 63104, USA.
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